<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0306</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2012-09-25</periodOfReport>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0000799729</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>PAREXEL INTERNATIONAL CORP</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>PRXL</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001266051</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>LINDOP CHRISTOPHER J</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>HAEMONETICS CORPORATION</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>400 WOOD ROAD</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>BRAINTREE</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>MA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>02184-9114</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>1</isDirector>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2012-09-25</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>S</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
                <footnoteId id="F1"/>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness></transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>5112</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>30.92</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>D</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>40454</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">The reported sale was effected by a broker pursuant to instructions set forth in a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the reporting person.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">This transaction was executed in multiple trades through a trade order executed by a broker-dealer at prices ranging from $30.85- $31.07.  The price reported in this column reflects the weighted average sale price.  For all transactions reported on this Form 4 utilizing a weighted average sale price, the reporting person will provide upon request to the SEC staff, the issuer or a security holder of the issuer full information regarding the number of shares sold at each price.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>Douglas A. Batt, Attorney-in-fact</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2012-09-26</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
