INCOME TAXES

Domestic and foreign income (loss) before income taxes for the three years ended June 30 were as follows:



(in thousands)	2015		2014		2013
Domestic	$	101,132	$	98,154	$	35,792
Foreign	99,098		89,707		97,358
	$	200,230	$	187,861	$	133,150

Provisions for income taxes for the three years ended June 30 were as follows:



(in thousands)	2015			2014			2013
Current:
Federal	$	36,552		$	27,264		$	6,279
State	8,623			9,456			2,565
Foreign	23,025			33,242			26,651
	68,200			69,962			35,495
Deferred:
Federal	6,691			4,001			7,650
State	(1,180		)	(905		)	(2,113		)
Foreign	(21,302		)	(14,291		)	(3,854		)
	(15,791		)	(11,195		)	1,683
	$	52,409		$	58,767		$	37,178

Our consolidated effective income tax rate differed from the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate as set forth below:



(in thousands)	2015			%		2014			%		2013			%
Income tax expense computed at the federal statutory rate	$	70,081		35.0	%	$	65,751		35.0	%	$	46,602		35.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	5,081			2.5	%	5,419			2.9	%	1,914			1.4	%
Foreign rate differential	(4,350		)	(2.2	)%	(4,857		)	(2.6	)%	(7,960		)	(6.0	)%
Change in valuation allowances	(796		)	(0.4	)%	(491		)	(0.3	)%	(4,708		)	(3.5	)%
Change in reserves	(2,066		)	(1.0	)%	(5,193		)	(2.8	)%	394			0.3	%
Research and development	(13,376		)	(6.7	)%	(3,284		)	(1.7	)%	(2,986		)	(2.2	)%
Non-taxable contingent consideration	(1,805		)	(0.9	)%	(376		)	(0.2	)%	—			—	%
Other non-deductible expenses	—			—	%	—			—	%	968			0.7	%
Statutory tax rate changes	(576		)	(0.2	)%	(623		)	(0.3	)%	798			0.6	%
Other, net	216			0.1	%	2,421			1.3	%	2,156			1.6	%
	$	52,409		26.2	%	$	58,767		31.3	%	$	37,178		27.9	%

Provision has not been made for U.S. or additional foreign taxes on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries as those earnings are indefinitely reinvested. Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that are indefinitely reinvested are approximately $479.0 million and $423.0 million at June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014, respectively. Due to the complexities associated with this hypothetical calculation, it is not practicable to estimate the unrecognized deferred tax liability on the earnings that are indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations.

Significant components of our net deferred tax assets (liabilities) as of June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014 were as follows:



(in thousands)	2015			2014
Deferred tax assets:
U.S. loss carryforwards	$	2,528		$	1,764
Foreign loss carryforwards	4,503			2,814
Accrued expenses	42,535			38,915
Tax credit carryforwards	2,780			5,711
Provision for losses on receivables	2,665			920
Deferred compensation	10,017			8,219
Deferred revenue	21,331			12,698
Intercompany loans	1,299			2,752
Other	2,228			3,597
Gross deferred tax assets	89,886			77,390
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance	(4,344		)	(5,318		)
Total deferred tax assets	85,542			72,072
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment	(6,784		)	(6,521		)
Revenue recognition	(10,656		)	(17,601		)
Intangible assets	(35,526		)	(35,372		)
Other	(4,745		)	(1,038		)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(57,711		)	(60,532		)
Net deferred tax assets	$	27,831		$	11,540

The net deferred tax assets and liabilities included in the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014 were as follows:



(in thousands)	2015			2014
Current deferred tax assets	$	59,058		$	54,061
Non-current deferred tax assets	11,703			6,669
Current deferred tax liabilities	(9,976		)	(16,592		)
Non-current deferred tax liabilities	(32,954		)	(32,598		)
	$	27,831		$	11,540

At June 30, 2015, federal, state and foreign loss carryforwards of $4.8 million, $30.5 million and $21.4 million, respectively, were available to offset future liabilities for income taxes. The federal net operating losses expire in the years 2023 through 2034. Included in the state loss carryforwards is $3.7 million attributable to deductions from the exercise of equity awards. The benefit from these deductions will be recorded as a credit to additional paid-in capital if and when realized through a reduction of taxes paid in cash. Use of these loss carryforwards is limited based on the future income of certain subsidiaries. The state net operating losses expire in the years 2016 through 2034. Of the non-U.S. loss carryforwards, $3.2 million will expire between 2016 and 2025; the remainder does not expire. We also have U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards of $26.1 million, which expire in the years 2018 through 2025. Included in the U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards is $15.4 million attributable to deductions from the exercise of equity awards. The benefit from these credits will be recorded as a credit to additional paid-in capital if and when realized through a reduction of taxes paid in cash.

A valuation allowance has been established for certain future income tax benefits related to loss carryforwards and temporary tax adjustments based on an assessment that it is more likely than not that these benefits will not be realized. The decrease in the valuation allowance in Fiscal Year 2015 was principally due to improved profitability in various jurisdictions.

As of June 30, 2015, we had $35.2 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits of which $23.9 million would impact the effective tax rate if recognized. As of June 30, 2014, we had $41.5 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits of which $25.4 million would impact the effective tax rate if recognized. This reserve primarily relates to exposures for income tax matters such as changes in the jurisdiction in which income is taxable.

Unrecognized tax benefits represent favorable positions we have taken, or expect to take, on tax returns. These positions have reduced, or are expected to reduce, our income tax liability on our tax returns and financial statements. As a result of the uncertainty associated with these positions, we have established a liability that effectively reverses the previous recognition of the tax benefits, making them “unrecognized.” Our unrecognized income tax benefits, excluding accrued interest and penalties, are as follows:



(in thousands)	2015			2014			2013
Balance at beginning of year	$	41,471		$	46,591		$	53,813
Additions related to tax positions in prior years	—			792			—
Additions related to tax positions in the current year	3,595			—			—
Reductions related to tax positions in prior years	(500		)	(1,115		)	(2,869		)
Reductions related to settlements with tax authorities	(6,459		)	—			—
Reductions related to the expiration of statutes	(76		)	(5,630		)	(4,662		)
Currency translation adjustments	(2,810		)	833			309
Balance at end of year	$	35,221		$	41,471		$	46,591

As of June 30, 2015, we anticipate that the liability for unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions could change by up to $14.2 million in the next twelve months primarily as a result of the expiration of statutes of limitation and settlement with tax authorities.

We recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As of June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014, interest and penalties of $4.2 million and $5.5 million, respectively, were included in our liability for unrecognized tax benefits. For Fiscal Years 2015, 2014 and 2013, a benefit of $0.7 million, an expense of $0.3 million and a benefit of $0.9 million, respectively, was recorded for interest and penalties related to tax matters.

We are subject to U.S. federal income tax, as well as income tax in multiple states, local and foreign jurisdictions. All material state and local income tax matters through 2005 have been concluded. All material federal income tax matters have been concluded through 2005. Substantially all material foreign income tax matters have been concluded for all years through 2001.