Commitments and Contingencies

Warranty

Our warranty reserves are included in Other Liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, as further explained in Note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Statements. A summary of warranty activity for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2018			2017			2016
Warranty reserves, beginning of period	$	26,133		$	27,732		$	14,282
Warranty expense on homes delivered during the period	13,456			11,677			10,452
Changes in estimates for pre-existing warranties	4,746			2,614			3,304
Charges related to stucco-related claims ^(a)	—			8,500			19,409
Settlements made during the period	(17,876		)	(24,390		)	(19,715		)
Warranty reserves, end of period	$	26,459		$	26,133		$	27,732


(a)	These amounts represent charges for stucco-related repair costs net of recoveries from insurers during the period.

We have received claims related to stucco installation from homeowners in certain of our communities in our Tampa and Orlando, Florida markets and have been named as a defendant in legal proceedings initiated by certain of such homeowners. These claims primarily relate to homes built prior to 2014 which have second story elevations with frame construction.

During 2015, 2016 and 2017, we recorded an aggregate total of $28.4 million of warranty charges for stucco-related repair costs for (1) homes in our Florida communities that we had identified as needing repair but had not yet completed the repair and (2) estimated repair costs for homes in our Florida communities that we had not yet identified as needing repair but that may require repair in the future.

During the fourth quarter of 2018, as a result of our on-going review of stucco-related data described below, we incurred an additional stucco-related charge of $1.0 million. During the fourth quarter of 2018, we also received $1.0 million of recoveries from insurers for past stucco-related claims, resulting in a net charge of zero. Stucco-related insurance recoveries are recorded in the period the reimbursement is received.

The remaining reserve for both known repair costs and an estimate of future costs of stucco-related repairs at December 31, 2018 included within our warranty reserve was $6.3 million. We believe that this amount is sufficient to cover both known and estimated future repair costs as of December 31, 2018. Our remaining stucco-related reserve is gross of any insurance recoveries.

Our review of the stucco-related issues in our Florida communities is ongoing. Our estimate of future costs of stucco-related repairs is based on our judgment, various assumptions and internal data. Due to the degree of judgment and the potential for variability in our underlying assumptions and data, as we obtain additional information, we may revise our estimate, including to reflect additional estimated future stucco-related repairs costs, which revision could be material.

We continue to investigate the extent to which we may be able to further recover a portion of our stucco repair and claims handling costs from other sources, including our direct insurers, the subcontractors involved with the construction of the homes and their insurers. As of December 31, 2018, we are unable to estimate any additional amount that we believe is probable of recovery from these sources and, as noted above, we have not recorded a receivable for recoveries nor included an estimated amount of recoveries in determining our stucco-related warranty reserve.

Performance Bonds and Letters of Credit

At December 31, 2018, the Company had outstanding approximately $215.0 million of completion bonds and standby letters of credit, some of which were issued to various local governmental entities that expire at various times through September 2026. Included in this total are: (1) $155.4 million of performance and maintenance bonds and $42.4 million of performance letters of credit that serve as completion bonds for land development work in progress; (2) $10.3 million of financial letters of credit, of which $9.9 million represent deposits on land and lot purchase agreements; and (3) $6.9 million of financial bonds.

Land Option Contracts and Other Similar Contracts

At December 31, 2018, the Company also had options and contingent purchase agreements to acquire land and developed lots with an aggregate purchase price of approximately $636.4 million. Purchase of properties under these agreements is contingent upon satisfaction of certain requirements by the Company and the sellers.

Legal Matters

In addition to the legal proceedings related to stucco, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries have been named as defendants in certain other legal proceedings which are incidental to our business. While management currently believes that the ultimate resolution of these other legal proceedings, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows, such legal proceedings are subject to inherent uncertainties. The Company has recorded a liability to provide for the anticipated costs, including legal defense costs, associated with the resolution of these other legal proceedings. However, the possibility exists that the costs to resolve these legal proceedings could differ from the recorded estimates and, therefore, have a material effect on the Company’s net income for the periods in which they are resolved. At both December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had $0.4 million reserved for legal expenses.