Income Taxes

The Company records income taxes under the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and attributable to operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, if any. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or paid. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in earnings in the period when the changes are enacted.

In accordance with ASC 740-10, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), we evaluate our deferred tax assets, including the benefit from net operating losses (“NOLs”) and tax credit carryforwards, if any, to determine if a valuation allowance is required. Companies must assess, using significant judgments, whether a valuation allowance should be established based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard with significant weight being given to evidence that can be objectively verified. This assessment gives appropriate consideration to all positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax assets and considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses, forecasts of future profitability, the length of statutory carryforward periods, our experience with operating losses and our experience of utilizing tax credit carryforwards and tax planning alternatives. Based upon a review of all available evidence, we believe our deferred tax assets were fully realizable in all periods presented.

At December 31, 2016, the Company’s total deferred tax assets were $37.0 million which is offset by $6.1 million of total deferred tax liabilities for a $30.9 million net deferred tax asset which is reported on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The tax effects of the significant temporary differences that comprise the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:



	December 31,
(In thousands)	2016		2015
Deferred tax assets:
Warranty, insurance and other accruals	$	12,738	$	8,987
Equity-based compensation	5,482		5,473
Inventory	8,223		9,528
State taxes	219		211
Net operating loss carryforward	8,483		42,556
Deferred charges	1,812		649
Total deferred tax assets	$	36,957	$	67,404

Deferred tax liabilities:
Federal effect of state deferred taxes	$	3,879	$	5,519
Depreciation	1,947		—
Prepaid expenses	256		—
Total deferred tax liabilities	$	6,082	$	5,519

Net deferred tax asset	$	30,875	$	61,885

The provision (benefit) from income taxes consists of the following:



	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2016		2015		2014
Current:
Federal	$	1,745	$	1,757	$	1,766
State	2,120		883		681
	$	3,865	$	2,640	$	2,447

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2016		2015		2014
Deferred:
Federal	$	28,335	$	28,760	$	22,141
State	2,976		3,766		(5,641		)
	$	31,311	$	32,526	$	16,500
Total	$	35,176	$	35,166	$	18,947

For 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company’s effective tax rate was 38.32%, 40.45%, and 27.17%, respectively. Reconciliation of the differences between income taxes computed at the federal statutory tax rate and consolidated benefit from income taxes are as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2016			2015		2014
Federal taxes at statutory rate	$	32,125		$	30,425	$	24,407
State and local taxes – net of federal tax benefit	3,652			2,820		2,199
Change in valuation allowance	—			—		(9,291		)
Change in state NOL deferred asset – net of federal tax benefit	729			1,548		1,780
Manufacturing deduction	(1,298		)	—		—
Other	(32		)	373		(148		)
Total	$	35,176		$	35,166	$	18,947

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various states. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state or local examinations by tax authorities for years before 2010. The Company is audited from time to time, and if any adjustments are made, they would be either immaterial or reserved.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in tax expense. At December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we had no unrecognized tax benefits due to the lapse of the statute of limitations and completion of audits in prior years. We believe that our current income tax filing positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and do not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material change.

During 2016, the Company fully utilized its federal NOL carryforwards and federal credit carryforwards. The Company had $5.5 million of state NOL carryforwards, net of the federal benefit, at December 31, 2016. Our state NOLs may be carried forward from one to 16 years, depending on the tax jurisdiction, with $1.5 million expiring between 2022 and 2027 and $4.0 million expiring between 2028 and 2032, absent sufficient state taxable income.