<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0306</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2021-11-23</periodOfReport>

    <notSubjectToSection16>0</notSubjectToSection16>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0000799167</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>MARTEN TRANSPORT LTD</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>MRTN</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001348356</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>Hinnendael James J</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>129 MARTEN STREET</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2></rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>MONDOVI</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>WI</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>54755</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>1</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
            <officerTitle>Exec. VP and CFO</officerTitle>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2021-11-23</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>F</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness>
                <value></value>
            </transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>9284</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>17.37</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>D</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>145293.43</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">These shares were withheld to cover the estimated tax withholding obligations in connection with the issuance of 16,880 shares released from the Issuer's deferred compensation plan which terminated effective May 5, 2021.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">Includes: (i) 6,040 shares granted under a Performance Unit Award Agreement that vest on 12/31/2021 through 12/31/2025; (ii) 2,020 shares granted under a Performance Unit Award Agreement that vest on 12/31/2021 through 12/31/2024; (iii) 3,060 shares granted under a Performance Unit Award Agreement that vest on 12/31/2021 through 12/31/2023; (iv) 2,130 shares granted under a Performance Unit Award Agreement that vest on 12/31/2021 through 12/31/2022; (v) 2,375 shares granted under a Performance Unit Award Agreement that vest on 12/31/2021; and (vi) 16,879.43 shares that the reporting person has deferred under the Issuer's deferred compensation plan.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ James J. Hinnendael</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2021-11-23</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
