<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0306</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2021-11-23</periodOfReport>

    <notSubjectToSection16>0</notSubjectToSection16>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0000799167</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>MARTEN TRANSPORT LTD</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>MRTN</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001187222</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>KOHL TIMOTHY M</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>129 MARTEN STREET</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2></rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>MONDOVI</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>WI</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>54755</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>1</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
            <officerTitle>Chief Executive Officer</officerTitle>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2021-11-23</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>F</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness>
                <value></value>
            </transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>13179</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>17.37</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>D</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>268149.4</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">These shares were withheld to cover the estimated tax withholding obligations in connection with the issuance of 29,220 shares released from the Issuer's deferred compensation plan which terminated effective May 5, 2021.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">Includes: (i) 10,447 shares granted under a Performance Unit Award Agreement that vest on 12/31/2021 through 12/31/2025; (ii) 3,020 shares granted under a Performance Unit Award Agreement that vest on 12/31/2021 through 12/31/2024; (iii) 5,085 shares granted under a Performance Unit Award Agreement that vest on 12/31/2021 through 12/31/2023; (iv) 3,210 shares granted under a Performance Unit Award Agreement that vest on 12/31/2021 through 12/31/2022; (v) 3,900 shares granted under a Performance Unit Award Agreement that vest on 12/31/2021; and (vi) 29,219.40 shares that the reporting person has deferred under the Issuer's deferred compensation plan.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ James J. Hinnendael, attorney-in-fact</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2021-11-23</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
