SEGMENT INFORMATION

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

SEGMENT INFORMATION

NOTE 22 — SEGMENT INFORMATION

Effective January 1, 2024, we changed our segment reporting as further described in Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation and the segment disclosures below for 2023 and 2022 were recast to conform with those segment reporting changes.

BancShares’ segments include the General Bank, the Commercial Bank, SVB Commercial, and Rail. All other financial information not included in the segments is reported in the Corporate section of the segment disclosures. We do not aggregate multiple operating segments into a reportable segment. Therefore, each of our operating segments are reportable segments.

Certain noninterest expenses are directly incurred by a segment, while others are not. Noninterest expenses not directly incurred by a segment are included in Corporate unless allocated to a segment (“Allocated Expenses”). Under our segment expense allocation methodology, Allocated Expenses increase noninterest expense of the applicable segment(s), with an offsetting decrease to Corporate noninterest expense. “All other noninterest expense” in the segment reporting tables below are presented net of Allocated Expenses, resulting in a reduction to expense (or “Contra Expense”) for Corporate.

General Bank

The General Bank segment delivers products and services to consumers and businesses through our extensive network of branches and various digital channels. We offer a full suite of deposit products, loans (primarily residential mortgages and business and commercial loans), cash management, private banking and wealth management, payment services, and treasury services. We offer conforming and jumbo residential mortgage loans throughout the United States that are primarily originated through branches and retail referrals, employee referrals, internet leads, direct marketing and a correspondent lending channel, as well as through our private banking service. Private banking and wealth management offers a customized suite of products and services to individuals and institutional clients, as well as private equity and venture capital professionals and executive leaders of the innovation companies they support, and premium wine clients. The General Bank segment offers brokerage, investment advisory, private stock loans, other secured and unsecured lending products and vineyard development loans, as well as planning-based financial strategies, family office, financial planning, tax planning and trust services. The General Bank segment also includes a community association bank channel that supports deposit, cash management and lending to homeowner associations and property management companies.

Revenue is primarily generated from interest earned on loans. Noninterest income is primarily generated from fees for banking and advisory services, including lending-related fees, most of BancShares’ income related to deposit fees and service charges, cardholder services, along with essentially all of the wealth management services income. We primarily originate loans by utilizing our branch network and industry referrals, as well as direct digital marketing efforts. We derive our SBA loans through a network of SBA originators. We periodically purchase loans on a whole-loan basis. We also invest in community development that supports the construction of affordable housing in our communities in line with our CRA initiatives.

Commercial Bank

The Commercial Bank segment provides a range of lending, leasing, capital markets, asset management, and other financial and advisory services, primarily to small and middle market companies in a wide range of industries, including energy, healthcare, technology media and telecommunications, asset-backed lending, capital finance, maritime, aerospace and defense, and sponsor finance. Loans offered are primarily senior secured loans collateralized by accounts receivable, inventory, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, and/or intangibles, and are often used for working capital, plant expansion, acquisitions, or recapitalizations. These loans include revolving lines of credit and term loans and, depending on the nature of the collateral, may be referred to as collateral-backed loans, asset-based loans or cash flow loans. We provide senior secured loans to developers and other CRE professionals. Additionally, we provide small business loans and leases, including both capital and operating leases, through a highly automated credit approval, documentation and funding process.

We provide factoring, receivable management and secured financing to businesses that operate in several industries. These include apparel, textile, furniture, home furnishings, and consumer electronics. Factoring entails the assumption of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable arising from the sale of goods from our factoring clients to their customers that have been factored (i.e., sold or assigned to the factor). Our factoring clients, which are generally manufacturers or importers of goods, are the counterparties on factoring, financing or receivables purchasing agreements to sell trade receivables to us. Our factoring clients’ customers, which are generally retailers, are the account debtors and obligors on trade accounts receivable that have been factored.

Revenue is primarily generated from interest and fees on loans. Noninterest income is mostly generated from rental income on operating lease equipment, lending-related fees, including most of BancShares’ capital market fees, and other revenue from banking services. Noninterest income also includes all of the commissions earned on factoring-related activities. We derive most of our commercial lending business through direct marketing to borrowers, lessees, manufacturers, vendors, and distributors. We also utilize referrals as a source for commercial lending business. We may periodically buy participations or syndications of loans and lines of credit and purchase loans on a whole-loan basis.

SVB Commercial

The SVB Commercial segment offers products and services to commercial clients and investors across stages, sectors and regions in the innovation ecosystem, as well as private equity and venture capital firms. The SVB Commercial segment provides solutions to the financial needs of commercial clients. Loan products consist of capital call lines of credit, investor dependent loans, cash flow dependent loans, and innovation C&I loans made primarily to technology, life science and healthcare companies.

Revenue is primarily generated from interest earned on loans. Noninterest income is mostly generated from fees, including essentially all of client investment fees and most of the international fees, and other revenue from lending-related activities and banking services.

Deposit products include business and analysis checking accounts, money market accounts, multi-currency accounts, bank accounts, sweep accounts, and positive pay services. Services are provided through online and mobile banking platforms as well as branch locations.

Rail

The Rail segment offers customized leasing and financing solutions on a fleet of railcars and locomotives to railroads and shippers throughout North America. Railcar types include covered hopper cars used to ship grain and agricultural products, plastic pellets, sand, and cement; tank cars for energy products and chemicals; gondolas for coal, steel coil and mill service products; open-top hopper cars for coal and aggregates; boxcars for paper and auto parts; and centerbeams and flat cars for lumber. Revenue is generated primarily from rental income on operating lease equipment, which is included in noninterest income, and to a lesser extent, gains on sale of leasing equipment.

Corporate

All other financial information not included in the segments is reported in Corporate. Corporate contains BancShares’ centralized treasury function, which manages the investment security portfolio, interest-earning deposits at banks and corporate/wholesale funding (e.g., borrowings, Direct Bank deposits and brokered deposits). Corporate deposits are primarily comprised of Direct Bank deposits.

Corporate includes interest income on investment securities and interest-earning deposits at banks; interest expense for borrowings, Direct Bank deposits, and brokered deposits; as well as funds transfer pricing allocations. Noninterest income includes gains or losses on sales of investment securities, fair value adjustments on marketable equity securities, and income from BOLI. Personnel cost in Corporate includes the personnel costs not allocated to the operating segments. Corporate includes acquisition-related expenses and certain items related to accounting for business combinations, such as gains on acquisitions, Day 2 Provision for Credit Losses and discount accretion income for certain acquired loans. Corporate also includes the offsetting impacts of Allocated Expenses as discussed above.

Segment Results and Select Period End Balances

The following tables present the condensed income statements by segment and include the significant segment expenses and measure of segment profit or loss that are further discussed in Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation.

dollars in millions	Year Ended December 31, 2024
	General Bank		Commercial Bank		SVB Commercial		Rail		Corporate (1)		BancShares (2)
Net interest income (expense)	$	2,980	$	1,100	$	2,274	$	(186)	$	975	$	7,143
Rental income on operating lease equipment	—		227		—		821		—		1,048
All other noninterest income	612		315		565		15		60		1,567
Total noninterest income	612		542		565		836		60		2,615
Total revenue	3,592		1,642		2,839		650		1,035		9,758
Depreciation on operating lease equipment	—		185		—		209		—		394
Maintenance and other operating lease expenses	—		—		—		219		—		219
Personnel cost	787		233		530		25		1,503		3,078
Acquisition-related expenses	—		—		—		—		210		210
All other noninterest expense (3)	1,244		493		1,023		50		(976)		1,834
Total noninterest expense	2,031		911		1,553		503		737		5,735
Provision for credit losses	153		144		134		—		—		431
Income before income taxes	1,408		587		1,152		147		298		3,592
Income tax expense (benefit)	362		147		295		36		(25)		815
Net income	$	1,046	$	440	$	857	$	111	$	323	$	2,777
Select Period End Balances
Loans and leases	$	66,768	$	33,197	$	40,194	$	62	$	—	$	140,221
Operating lease equipment, net	—		750		—		8,573		—		9,323
Deposits	73,062		3,283		36,637		18		42,229		155,229
(1) Corporate includes all other financial information that is not included in the reportable segments as further discussed above and in Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation.
(2) In the segment reporting table above, there are no reconciling differences between BancShares and the aggregate of all reportable segments and Corporate.
(3) All other noninterest expense represents “other segment items” under ASC 280 and primarily includes Allocated Expenses, net occupancy expense, equipment expense, professional fees, third-party processing fees, FDIC insurance expense, marketing expense, and intangible amortization. All other noninterest expense is presented net of Allocated Expenses in the segment reporting table above, resulting in Contra Expense for Corporate as further discussed above.

dollars in millions	Year Ended December 31, 2023
	General Bank		Commercial Bank		SVB Commercial		Rail		Corporate (1)		BancShares (2)
Net interest income (expense)	$	2,580	$	1,015	$	1,647	$	(143)	$	1,613	$	6,712
Rental income on operating lease equipment	—		231		—		740		—		971
All other noninterest income	526		329		430		5		9,814		11,104
Total noninterest income	526		560		430		745		9,814		12,075
Total revenue	3,106		1,575		2,077		602		11,427		18,787
Depreciation on operating lease equipment	—		180		—		191		—		371
Maintenance and other operating lease expenses	—		—		—		222		—		222
Personnel cost	725		194		401		22		1,294		2,636
Acquisition-related expenses	—		—		—		—		470		470
All other noninterest expense (3)	1,114		450		883		45		(856)		1,636
Total noninterest expense	1,839		824		1,284		480		908		5,335
Provision for credit losses	77		517		65		—		716		1,375
Income before income taxes	1,190		234		728		122		9,803		12,077
Income tax expense	319		69		184		32		7		611
Net income	$	871	$	165	$	544	$	90	$	9,796	$	11,466
Select Period End Balances
Loans and leases	$	62,832	$	30,936	$	39,511	$	23	$	—	$	133,302
Operating lease equipment, net	—		780		—		7,966		—		8,746
Deposits	68,729		3,228		34,730		13		39,154		145,854
(1) Corporate includes all other financial information that is not included in the reportable segments as further discussed above and in Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation.
(2) In the segment reporting table above, there are no reconciling differences between BancShares and the aggregate of all reportable segments and Corporate.
(3) All other noninterest expense represents “other segment items” under ASC 280 and primarily includes Allocated Expenses, net occupancy expense, equipment expense, professional fees, third-party processing fees, FDIC insurance expense, marketing expense, and intangible amortization. All other noninterest expense is presented net of Allocated Expenses in the segment reporting table above, resulting in Contra Expense for Corporate as further discussed above.

dollars in millions	Year Ended December 31, 2022
	General Bank		Commercial Bank		SVB Commercial		Rail		Corporate (1)		BancShares (2)
Net interest income (expense)	$	1,830	$	884	$	—	$	(80)	$	312	$	2,946
Rental income on operating lease equipment	—		212		—		652		—		864
All other noninterest income	483		306		—		4		479		1,272
Total noninterest income	483		518		—		656		479		2,136
Total revenue	2,313		1,402		—		576		791		5,082
Depreciation on operating lease equipment	—		169		—		176		—		345
Maintenance and other operating lease expenses	—		—		—		189		—		189
Personnel cost	549		171		—		20		668		1,408
Acquisition-related expenses	—		—		—		—		231		231
All other noninterest expense (3)	909		405		—		42		(454)		902
Total noninterest expense	1,458		745		—		427		445		3,075
Provision for credit losses	11		121		—		—		513		645
Income (loss) before income taxes	844		536		—		149		(167)		1,362
Income tax expense (benefit)	214		128		—		37		(115)		264
Net income (loss)	$	630	$	408	$	—	$	112	$	(52)	$	1,098
Select Period End Balances
Loans and leases	$	43,212	$	27,491	$	—	$	78	$	—	$	70,781
Operating lease equipment, net	—		723		—		7,433		—		8,156
Deposits	67,894		3,219		—		15		18,280		89,408
(1) Corporate includes all other financial information that is not included in the reportable segments as further discussed above and in Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation.
(2) In the segment reporting table above, there are no reconciling differences between BancShares and the aggregate of all reportable segments and Corporate.
(3) All other noninterest expense represents “other segment items” under ASC 280 and primarily includes Allocated Expenses, net occupancy expense, equipment expense, professional fees, third-party processing fees, FDIC insurance expense, marketing expense, and intangible amortization. All other noninterest expense is presented net of Allocated Expenses in the segment reporting table above, resulting in Contra Expense for Corporate as further discussed above.