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Loans and Leases
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans and Leases LOANS AND LEASES
The following tables as of December 31, 2022 include loan and lease balances acquired in the CIT Merger, which were recorded at fair value on the Merger Date. Refer to Note 2 — Business Combinations for further information and to Note 1 — Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation for our accounting policies related to loans.

Unless otherwise noted, loans held for sale are not included in the following tables. Leases in the following tables include finance leases, but exclude operating lease equipment.

Loans by Class
dollars in millionsDecember 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Commercial
Commercial construction$2,804 $1,238 
Owner occupied commercial mortgage14,473 12,099 
Non-owner occupied commercial mortgage9,902 3,041 
Commercial and industrial24,105 5,937 
Leases2,171 271 
Total commercial53,455 22,586 
Consumer
Residential mortgage13,309 6,088 
Revolving mortgage1,951 1,818 
Consumer auto1,414 1,332 
Consumer other652 548 
Total consumer17,326 9,786 
Total loans and leases$70,781 $32,372 

At December 31, 2022 and 2021, accrued interest receivable on loans included in other assets was $203 million and $87 million, respectively, and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

The following table presents selected components of the amortized cost of loans.

Components of Amortized Cost
dollars in millionsDecember 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Deferred fees, including unearned fees and unamortized costs on Non-PCD loans$85$32
Net unamortized discount on purchased loans
Non-PCD$73$11
PCD4529 
Total net unamortized discount$118$40
The aging of the outstanding loans and leases, by class, at December 31, 2022 and 2021 is provided in the tables below. Loans and leases less than 30 days past due are considered current, as various grace periods allow borrowers to make payments within a stated period after the due date and remain in compliance with the respective agreement.

Loans and Leases - Delinquency Status
dollars in millionsDecember 31, 2022
30-59 Days
Past Due		60-89 Days
Past Due		90 Days or
Greater		Total
Past Due		CurrentTotal
Commercial
Commercial construction$50 $— $1 $51 $2,753 $2,804 
Owner occupied commercial mortgage29 5 25 59 14,414 14,473 
Non-owner occupied commercial mortgage76 144 11 231 9,671 9,902 
Commercial and industrial173 26 53 252 23,853 24,105 
Leases59 17 16 92 2,079 2,171 
Total commercial387 192 106 685 52,770 53,455 
Consumer
Residential mortgage73 16 52 141 13,168 13,309 
Revolving mortgage9 3 8 20 1,931 1,951 
Consumer auto7 1 1 9 1,405 1,414 
Consumer other4 2 3 9 643 652 
Total consumer93 22 64 179 17,147 17,326 
Total loans and leases$480 $214 $170 $864 $69,917 $70,781 
December 31, 2021
30-59 Days
Past Due		60-89 Days
Past Due		90 Days or
Greater		Total
Past Due		CurrentTotal
Commercial
Commercial construction$1 $— $2 $3 $1,235 $1,238 
Owner occupied commercial mortgage21 1 9 31 12,068 12,099 
Non-owner occupied commercial mortgage3 — 2 5 3,036 3,041 
Commercial and industrial8 3 5 16 5,921 5,937 
Leases— 1 1 2 269 271 
Total commercial33 5 19 57 22,529 22,586 
Consumer
Residential mortgage24 6 23 53 6,035 6,088 
Revolving mortgage6 2 6 14 1,804 1,818 
Consumer auto6 1 1 8 1,324 1,332 
Consumer other2 2 1 5 543 548 
Total consumer38 11 31 80 9,706 9,786 
Total loans and leases$71 $16 $50 $137 $32,235 $32,372 
The amortized cost, by class, of loans and leases on non-accrual status, and loans and leases greater than 90 days past due and still accruing at December 31, 2022 and 2021 are presented below.

Loans on Non-Accrual Status (1) (2)
dollars in millionsDecember 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Non-Accrual LoansLoans >
90 Days and
Accruing		Non-Accrual LoansLoans >
90 Days and
Accruing
Commercial
Commercial construction$48 $— $4 $— 
Owner occupied commercial mortgage41 2 18 5 
Non-owner occupied commercial mortgage228 — 5 — 
Commercial and industrial184 41 15 1 
Leases28 7 3 — 
Total commercial529 50 45 6 
Consumer
Residential mortgage75 10 54 — 
Revolving mortgage18 — 18 — 
Consumer auto4 — 3 — 
Consumer other1 3 1 1 
Total consumer98 13 76 1 
Total loans and leases$627 $63 $121 $7 
(1) Accrued interest that was reversed when the loan went to non-accrual status was $4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
(2) Non-accrual loans for which there was no related ACL totaled $63 million at December 31, 2022 and $15 million at December 31, 2021.

OREO and repossessed assets were $47 million as of December 31, 2022 and $40 million as of December 31, 2021.

Credit quality indicators
Loans and leases are monitored for credit quality on a recurring basis. Commercial loans and leases and consumer loans have different credit quality indicators as a result of the unique characteristics of the loan classes being evaluated. The credit quality indicators for commercial loans and leases are developed through a review of individual borrowers on an ongoing basis. Commercial loans are evaluated periodically with more frequent evaluations done on criticized loans. The indicators as of the date presented are based on the most recent assessment performed and are defined below:

Pass – A pass rated asset is not adversely classified because it does not display any of the characteristics for adverse classification.

Special mention – A special mention asset has potential weaknesses which deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, such potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects or collateral position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not warrant adverse classification.

Substandard – A substandard asset is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets classified as substandard generally have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. These assets are characterized by the distinct possibility of loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful – An asset classified as doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in an asset classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values.
Loss – Assets classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value it is inappropriate to be carried as an asset. This classification is not necessarily equivalent to any potential for recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not appropriate to defer a full charge-off even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.
Ungraded – Ungraded loans represent loans not included in the individual credit grading process due to their relatively small balances or borrower type. The majority of ungraded loans at December 31, 2022 and 2021, relate to business credit cards. Business credit card loans are subject to automatic charge-off when they become 120 days past due in the same manner as unsecured consumer lines of credit.
The credit quality indicator for consumer loans is based on delinquency status of the borrower as of the date presented. As the borrower becomes more delinquent, the likelihood of loss increases. An exemption is applied to government guaranteed loans as the principal repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and thus remain on accrual status regardless of delinquency status.

The following table summarizes the commercial loans disaggregated by year of origination and by risk rating. The consumer loan delinquency status by year of origination is also presented below. The tables reflect the amortized cost of the loans and include PCD loans.

Commercial Loans - Risk Classifications by Class
December 31, 2022
Risk Classification:Term Loans by Origination YearRevolving Converted to Term Loans
dollars in millions202220212020201920182017 & PriorRevolvingTotal
Commercial construction
Pass$1,140 $759 $511 $157 $27 $75 $42 $— $2,711 
Special Mention4 — 18 18 — — — — 40 
Substandard2 — — 43 — 5 — — 50 
Doubtful— — — 3 — — — — 3 
Ungraded— — — — — — — — — 
Total commercial construction1,146 759 529 221 27 80 42 — 2,804 
Owner occupied commercial mortgage
Pass2,773 3,328 2,966 1,825 1,048 1,867 177 — 13,984 
Special Mention33 14 32 33 18 49 2 — 181 
Substandard24 47 41 28 47 114 6 — 307 
Doubtful— — — — — 1 — — 1 
Ungraded— — — — — — — — — 
Total owner occupied commercial mortgage2,830 3,389 3,039 1,886 1,113 2,031 185 — 14,473 
Non-owner occupied commercial mortgage
Pass2,501 1,658 1,794 1,397 680 933 48 — 9,011 
Special Mention— 1 69 38 35 10 1 — 154 
Substandard3 11 68 324 58 236 — — 700 
Doubtful— — — 17 — 20 — — 37 
Ungraded— — — — — — — — — 
Total non-owner occupied commercial mortgage2,504 1,670 1,931 1,776 773 1,199 49 — 9,902 
Commercial and industrial
Pass7,695 4,145 2,035 1,533 872 845 5,252 29 22,406 
Special Mention87 153 79 63 52 23 40 — 497 
Substandard106 117 194 132 166 145 200 1 1,061 
Doubtful1 4 3 11 6 16 7 — 48 
Ungraded— — — — — — 93 — 93 
Total commercial and industrial7,889 4,419 2,311 1,739 1,096 1,029 5,592 30 24,105 
Leases
Pass718 466 389 216 80 108 — — 1,977 
Special Mention21 22 17 9 4 — — — 73 
Substandard32 32 27 12 7 1 — — 111 
Doubtful2 3 2 1 1 — — — 9 
Ungraded— — — — — 1 — — 1 
Total leases773 523 435 238 92 110 — — 2,171 
Total commercial$15,142 $10,760 $8,245 $5,860 $3,101 $4,449 $5,868 $30 $53,455 
Consumer Loans - Delinquency Status by Class
December 31, 2022
Days Past Due:Term Loans by Origination YearRevolving Converted to Term Loans
dollars in millions202220212020201920182017 & PriorRevolvingTotal
Residential mortgage
Current$3,485 $3,721 $2,097 $805 $413 $2,625 $22 $— $13,168 
30-59 days3 7 6 5 3 49 — — 73 
60-89 days1 1 2 — 1 11 — — 16 
90 days or greater— 1 1 2 2 46 — — 52 
Total residential mortgage3,489 3,730 2,106 812 419 2,731 22 — 13,309 
Revolving mortgage
Current— — — — — — 1,839 92 1,931 
30-59 days— — — — — — 5 4 9 
60-89 days— — — — — — 2 1 3 
90 days or greater— — — — — — 5 3 8 
Total revolving mortgage— — — — — — 1,851 100 1,951 
Consumer auto
Current599 398 216 111 59 22 — — 1,405 
30-59 days1 2 2 1 1 — — — 7 
60-89 days— 1 — — — — — — 1 
90 days or greater— 1 — — — — — — 1 
Total consumer auto600 402 218 112 60 22 — — 1,414 
Consumer other
Current160 82 13 6 2 19 361 — 643 
30-59 days— — — — — 1 3 — 4 
60-89 days— — — — — 1 1 — 2 
90 days or greater— — — — — 1 2 — 3 
Total consumer other160 82 13 6 2 22 367 — 652 
Total consumer$4,249 $4,214 $2,337 $930 $481 $2,775 $2,240 $100 $17,326 
 
The following tables represent current credit quality indicators by origination year as of December 31, 2021.

Commercial Loans - Risk Classifications by Class
December 31, 2021
Risk Classification:Term Loans by Origination YearRevolving Converted to Term Loans
dollars in millions202120202019201820172016 & PriorRevolvingTotal
Commercial construction
Pass$540 $400 $189 $29 $48 $11 $10 $— $1,227 
Special Mention— — — — — 1 — — 1 
Substandard2 — 1 2 4 1 — — 10 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Ungraded— — — — — — — — — 
Total commercial construction542 400 190 31 52 13 10 — 1,238 
Owner occupied commercial mortgage
Pass3,045 3,022 1,873 1,194 963 1,572 125 — 11,794 
Special Mention3 35 37 22 13 33 5 — 148 
Substandard31 16 18 12 18 56 6 — 157 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Ungraded— — — — — — — — — 
Total owner occupied commercial mortgage3,079 3,073 1,928 1,228 994 1,661 136 — 12,099 
Non-owner occupied commercial mortgage
Pass644 737 578 263 266 412 37 — 2,937 
Special Mention1 — — 3 3 10 — — 17 
Substandard9 11 24 12 7 22 1 — 86 
Doubtful— — — — 1 — — — 1 
Ungraded— — — — — — — — — 
Total non-owner occupied commercial mortgage654 748 602 278 277 444 38 — 3,041 
Commercial and industrial
Pass2,107 1,018 599 257 149 281 1,342 5 5,758 
Special Mention9 7 20 2 4 5 5 — 52 
Substandard20 7 3 4 2 2 16 1 55 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Ungraded— — — — — — 72 — 72 
Total commercial and industrial2,136 1,032 622 263 155 288 1,435 6 5,937 
Leases
Pass93 68 38 42 17 8 — — 266 
Special Mention— 1 — — — — — — 1 
Substandard2 1 — 1 — — — — 4 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Ungraded— — — — — — — — — 
Total leases95 70 38 43 17 8 — — 271 
Total commercial$6,506 $5,323 $3,380 $1,843 $1,495 $2,414 $1,619 $6 $22,586 

 
Consumer Loans - Delinquency Status by Class
December 31, 2021
Days Past Due:Term Loans by Origination YearRevolving Converted to Term Loans
dollars in millions202120202019201820172016 & PriorRevolvingTotal
Residential mortgage
Current$2,139 $1,663 $627 $368 $349 $867 $22 $— $6,035 
30-59 days2 3 2 2 1 14 — — 24 
60-89 days— — — 1 1 4 — — 6 
90 days or greater1 1 1 2 1 17 — — 23 
Total residential mortgage2,142 1,667 630 373 352 902 22 — 6,088 
Revolving mortgage
Current— — — — — — 1,678 126 1,804 
30-59 days— — — — — — 4 2 6 
60-89 days— — — — — — — 2 2 
90 days or greater— — — — — — 2 4 6 
Total revolving mortgage— — — — — — 1,684 134 1,818 
Consumer auto
Current597 343 198 119 48 19 — — 1,324 
30-59 days1 2 1 1 — 1 — — 6 
60-89 days— — — — — 1 — — 1 
90 days or greater— — — — — 1 — — 1 
Total consumer auto598 345 199 120 48 22 — — 1,332 
Consumer other
Current131 24 11 4 2 29 342 — 543 
30-59 days— — — — — — 2 — 2 
60-89 days1 — — — — — 1 — 2 
90 days or greater— — — — — — 1 — 1 
Total consumer other132 24 11 4 2 29 346 — 548 
Total consumer$2,872 $2,036 $840 $497 $402 $953 $2,052 $134 $9,786 

Purchased loans and leases
The following table summarizes PCD loans and leases that BancShares acquired in the CIT Merger.

PCD Loans and Leases - CIT Merger
dollars in millionsTotal PCD from CIT Merger
UPB$3,550 
Initial PCD ACL(272)
Fair value discount, net of the PCD Gross-Up(45)
Purchase price$3,233 

The recorded fair values of Non-PCD loans acquired in the CIT Merger as of the acquisition date was $29.5 billion, resulting in a PAA discount of $61 million. BancShares’ accounting methods for acquired loans and leases are discussed in Note 1 — Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation. See Note 2 — Business Combinations for further discussion of the CIT Merger.
Troubled Debt Restructuring
As part of BancShares’ ongoing risk-management practices, BancShares attempts to work with borrowers when necessary to extend or modify loan terms to better align with their current ability to repay. Extensions and modifications are made in accordance with internal policies and guidelines to conform to regulatory guidance. BancShares accounts for certain loan modifications or restructurings as TDRs. In general, a modification or restructuring of a loan is considered a TDR if, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, a concession is granted to the borrower that creditors would not otherwise consider. BancShares may determine that a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty if the borrower is currently in default on any of its debt, or if is probable that a borrower may default in the foreseeable future. Many aspects of a borrower’s financial situation are assessed when determining whether they are experiencing financial difficulty.

Concessions may relate to the contractual interest rate, maturity date, payment structure or other actions. The assessments of whether a borrower is experiencing (or is likely to experience) financial difficulty, and whether a concession has been granted, are subjective in nature and management’s judgment is required when determining whether a modification is classified as a TDR. In accordance with regulatory guidance discussed below, certain loan modifications that might ordinarily have qualified as TDRs were not accounted for as TDRs.

The Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus (the “Interagency Statement”) was published by banking regulators in April 2020 to clarify expectations around loan modifications and the determination of TDRs for borrowers experiencing COVID-19-related financial difficulty. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) and Interagency Statement offer some practical expedients for evaluating whether loan modifications that occur in response to the COVID-19 pandemic were TDRs. Any loan modification that meets these practical expedients would not automatically be considered a TDR because the borrower is presumed not to be experiencing financial difficulty at the time of the loan modification. BancShares applied this regulatory guidance during its TDR identification process through January 1, 2022 for short-term loan forbearance agreements as a result of COVID-19 and in most cases did not record these as TDRs.

Modified loans that meet the definition of a TDR are subject to BancShares’ individually reviewed loans policy. The following table presents amortized cost of TDRs.

TDRs
dollars in millionsDecember 31, 2022
AccruingNon-AccruingTotal
Commercial
Commercial construction$2 $1 $3 
Owner occupied commercial mortgage46 9 55 
Non-owner occupied commercial mortgage24 30 54 
Commercial and industrial26 8 34 
Leases— 1 1 
Total commercial98 49 147 
Consumer
Residential mortgage33 17 50 
Revolving mortgage17 5 22 
Consumer auto2 — 2 
Consumer other— — — 
Total consumer52 22 74 
Total TDRs$150 $71 $221 
December 31, 2021
AccruingNon-AccruingTotal
Commercial
Commercial construction$2 $— $2 
Owner occupied commercial mortgage57 8 65 
Non-owner occupied commercial mortgage26 3 29 
Commercial and industrial12 9 21 
Leases— 1 1 
Total commercial97 21 118 
Consumer
Residential mortgage29 18 47 
Revolving mortgage17 7 24 
Consumer auto2 — 2 
Consumer other1 — 1 
     Total consumer49 25 74 
Total TDRs$146 $46 $192 

The following table summarizes the loan restructurings during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 that were designated as TDRs. BancShares defines payment default as movement of the TDR to non-accrual status, which is generally 90 days past due, foreclosure or charge-off, whichever occurs first.

Restructurings
dollars in millions (except for number of loans)Year ended December 31
202220212020
Number of LoansAmortized Cost at Period EndNumber of LoansAmortized Cost at Period EndNumber of LoansAmortized Cost at Period End
Loans and leases
Interest only17 $39 20 $18 37 $32 
Loan term extension128 26 129 16 92 11 
Below market rates86 9 177 20 254 40 
Discharge from bankruptcy106 5 128 10 216 9 
Total337 $79 454 $64 599 $92 

There were $1.5 million, $0.4 million, and $0.2 million of commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loan terms have been modified in TDRs as of December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 respectively.
After a loan is determined to be a TDR, BancShares continues to track its performance under its most recent restructured terms. TDRs that subsequently defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 and were classified as TDRs during the applicable 12-month period preceding December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 were as follows:

TDR Defaults
dollars in millionsDecember 31, 2022December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
TDR Defaults$6 $8 $9 

Loans Pledged

The following table provides information regarding loans pledged as collateral for borrowing capacity through the FHLB of Atlanta and the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Loans Pledged
dollars in millionsDecember 31, 2022December 31, 2021
FHLB of Atlanta
Lendable collateral value of pledged Non-PCD loans$14,918 $9,564 
Less: Advances4,250 645 
Less: Letters of Credit1,450 — 
Available borrowing capacity$9,218 $8,919 
Pledged Non-PCD loans (contractual balance)$23,491 $14,507 
FRB
Lendable collateral value of pledged non-PCD loans$4,203 $3,951 
Less: Advances— — 
Available borrowing capacity$4,203 $3,951 
Pledged Non-PCD loans (contractual balance)$5,697 $4,806