Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2023		2022
Effective tax rate on pretax income	22.5	%	23.7	%

The effective tax rate of 23.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 reflected a tax benefit of $27 million on the $230 million net charges associated with PPG's operations in Russia.

Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 is based on an estimated annual effective rate, which requires management to make its best estimate of annual pretax income or loss. During the year, PPG management regularly updates forecasted annual pretax results for the various countries in which PPG operates based on changes in factors such as prices, shipments, product mix, raw material inflation and manufacturing operations. To the extent that actual 2023 pretax results for U.S. and foreign income or loss vary from estimates, the actual Income tax expense recognized in 2023 could be different from the forecasted amount used to estimate Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.