Stock-Based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

The Company’s stock-based compensation includes stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and grants of contingent shares that are earned based on achieving targeted levels of total shareholder return. All current grants of stock options, RSUs and contingent shares are made under the PPG Industries, Inc. Amended and Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan (“PPG Amended Omnibus Plan”), which was amended and restated effective April 21, 2016. Shares available for future grants under the PPG Amended Omnibus Plan were 6.4 million as of March 31, 2020.

Stock-based compensation and the income tax benefit recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31
($ in millions)	2020	2019
Stock-based compensation	$7	$9
Income tax benefit recognized	$2	$2

Grants of stock-based compensation during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31
	2020			2019
Grant Details	Shares	Fair Value	Shares	Fair Value
Stock options	659,835	$21.93	588,870	$22.50
Restricted stock units	182,276	$112.99	179,564	$103.35
Contingent shares (a)	54,648	$119.52	51,850	$109.74

(a) The number of contingent shares represents the target value of the award.

Stock options are generally exercisable 36 months after being granted and have a maximum term of 10 years. Compensation expense for stock options is recorded over the vesting period based on the fair value on the date of grant. The fair value of the stock option grants issued during the three months ended March 31, 2020 was calculated with the following weighted average assumptions:


Weighted average exercise price	$119.52
Risk free interest rate	1.6	%
Expected life of option in years	6.5
Expected dividend yield	1.5	%
Expected volatility	20.0	%

The risk-free interest rate is determined by using the U.S. Treasury yield curve at the date of the grant and using a maturity equal to the expected life of the option. The expected life of options is calculated using the average of the vesting term and the maximum term, as prescribed by accounting guidance on the use of the simplified method for determining the expected term of an employee share option. The expected dividend yield and volatility are based on historical stock prices and dividend amounts over past time periods equal in length to the expected life of the options.

Time-based RSUs generally vest over the three-year period following the date of grant, unless forfeited, and will be paid out in the form of stock, cash or a combination of both at the Company’s discretion at the end of the vesting period. Performance-based RSUs vest based on achieving specific annual performance targets for earnings per share growth and cash flow return on capital over the three calendar year-end periods following the date of grant. Unless forfeited, the performance-based RSUs will be paid out in the form of stock, cash or a combination of both at the Company’s discretion at the end of the three-year performance period if PPG meets the performance targets.

For awards granted in 2020, the amount paid upon vesting of performance-based RSUs may range from 0% to 200% of the original grant, based upon the frequency with which the annual earnings per share growth and cash flow return on capital performance targets are met over the three calendar year periods comprising the vesting period. For awards granted in 2019 and 2018, the amount paid upon vesting of performance-based RSUs may range from 0% to 180% of the original grant.

Contingent share grants (referred to as “TSR awards”) are made annually and are paid out at the end of each three-year period following the date of grant based on PPG's performance. Performance is measured by determining the percentile rank of the total shareholder return of PPG common stock in relation to the total shareholder return of the S&P 500 as it existed at the beginning of the three-year performance period excluding any companies that have been removed from the index because they ceased to be publicly traded during the performance period. For awards granted in 2020, the payment of awards following the three-year award period will be based on performance achieved in accordance with the scale set forth in the plan agreement and may range from 0% to 200% of the initial grant. For awards granted in 2019 and 2018, the amount paid following the three-year award period may range from 0% to 220% of the initial grant. Any payments made at the end of the award period may be in the form of stock, cash or a combination of both at the Company's discretion. The TSR awards qualify as liability awards, and compensation expense is recognized over the three-year award period based on the fair value of the awards (giving consideration to the Company’s percentile rank of total shareholder return) remeasured in each reporting period until settlement of the awards.