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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017



($ in millions)	2017		2016		2015
	As Restated		As Restated
Total stock-based compensation		$35		$45		$54
Income tax benefit recognized		$12		$17		$18

The following weighted average assumptions were used to calculate the fair values of stock option grants in each year:



	2017			2016			2015
Weighted average exercise price		$101.53			$95.29			$118.02
Risk free interest rate	2.4		%	1.6		%	1.9		%
Expected life of option in years	6.5			6.5			6.5
Expected dividend yield	1.8		%	2.1		%	2.7		%
Expected volatility	22.0		%	22.8		%	29.2		%



Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	Intrinsic Value (in millions)
Outstanding, January 1, 2016	3,881,566			$75.84	6.5		$86
Granted	642,037			$101.53
Exercised	(856,900	)		$61.10
Forfeited/Expired	(91,078	)		$101.36
Outstanding, December 31, 2017	3,575,625			$83.34	6.4		$120
Vested or expected to vest, December 31, 2017	3,530,023			$83.05	6.4		$120
Exercisable, December 31, 2017	1,677,087			$60.13	4.4		$95

The following table presents stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:



($ in millions)	2017		2016		2015
Total intrinsic value of stock options exercised		$40		$34		$92
Cash received from stock option exercises		$52		$32		$53
Income tax benefit from the exercise of stock options		$15		$12		$31
Total fair value of stock options vested		$13		$16		$13



RSU Activity	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Fair Value		Intrinsic Value (in millions)
Outstanding, January 1, 2017	721,924			$95.65		$69
Granted	229,667			$102.71
Additional shares vested	70,525			$114.08
Released from restrictions	(349,871	)		$103.09
Forfeited	(56,638	)		$89.16
Outstanding, December 31, 2017	615,607			$101.73		$63
Vested or expected to vest, December 31, 2017	595,462			$101.89		$60