BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Business

Lakeland Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“Lakeland,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”), a Delaware corporation organized in April 1986, manufacture and sell a comprehensive line of industrial protective clothing and accessories for the industrial and public protective clothing market. Our products are sold globally by our in-house sales teams, our customer service group, and authorized independent sales representatives to a network of over 1,600 global safety and industrial supply distributors. Our authorized distributors supply end users, such as integrated oil, chemical/petrochemical, automobile, steel, glass, construction, smelting, cleanroom, janitorial, pharmaceutical, and high technology electronics manufacturers, as well as scientific, medical laboratories and the utilities industry. In addition, we supply federal, state and local governmental agencies and departments, such as fire and law enforcement, airport crash rescue units, the Department of Defense, the Department of Homeland Security and the Centers for Disease Control. Internationally, we sell to a mixture of end users directly, and to industrial distributors depending on the particular country and market. Sales are made to more than 50 countries, the majority of which were into China, the European Economic Community (“EEC”), Canada, Chile, Argentina, Russia, Kazakhstan, Colombia, Mexico, Ecuador, India and Southeast Asia. For purposes of this Form 10-K, FY refers to a fiscal year ended January 31; for example, FY20 refers to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020.

Basis of Presentation

The Company prepares its financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). The following is a description of the Company’s significant accounting policies.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. It is reasonably possible that events could occur during the upcoming year that could change such estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers highly liquid temporary cash investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist of money market funds.

Accounts Receivable, net

Trade accounts receivable are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect. The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The Company recognizes losses when information available indicates that it is probable that a receivable has been impaired based on criteria noted above at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Management considers the following factors when determining the collectability of specific customer accounts: Customer creditworthiness, past transaction history with the customers, current economic industry trends and changes in customer payment terms. Past due balances over 90 days and other less creditworthy accounts are reviewed individually for collectability. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate, adversely affecting their ability to make payments, additional allowances would be required. Based on management’s assessment, the Company provides for estimated uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and a credit to a valuation allowance. Balances that remain outstanding after the Company has used reasonable collection efforts are written off through a charge to the valuation allowance and a credit to accounts receivable.

Inventories

Inventories include freight-in, materials, labor and overhead costs and are stated at the lower of cost (on a first-in, first-out basis) or net realizable value.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are provided for in amounts sufficient to relate the cost of depreciable assets to operations over their estimated service lives on a straight-line basis. Leasehold improvements and leasehold costs are amortized over the term of the lease or service lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter. The costs of additions and improvements which substantially extend the useful life of a particular asset are capitalized. Repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense. When assets are sold or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the account, and the gain or loss on disposition is reflected in operating income.

Assets held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying value or fair value less cost to sell. Gains or losses are recognized for any subsequent changes to fair value less cost to sell. However, gains are limited to cumulative losses previously recognized. Assets classified as held for sale are not depreciated.

Capitalized Software Costs

In accordance with ASC 350-40, Internal-Use Software, The Company capitalizes eligible costs to acquire or develop internal-use software. Capitalized costs related to internal-use software are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets, which is generally three years.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment at least annually; however, this evaluation may be performed more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Factors that the Company considers important that could identify a potential impairment include: significant changes in the overall business strategy and significant negative industry or economic trends. Management assesses whether it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired and, if necessary, compares the fair value of the reporting unit to the carrying value. Fair value is generally determined by management either based on estimating future discounted cash flows for the reporting unit or by estimating a sales price for the reporting unit based on multiple of earnings. These estimates require the Company's management to make projections that can differ from actual results.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company measures any potential impairment on a projected undiscounted cash flow method. Estimating future cash flows requires the Company’s management to make projections that can differ materially from actual results. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired when the total projected undiscounted cash flows from the asset is less than its carrying value. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the long-lived asset. During FY19, a non-cash impairment charge was recorded to reflect the change in the carrying value from $0.2 million to $0.0 million as the Company believed there was no receovable value of the asset held for sale previously on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

Revenue Recognition

Substantially all the Company’s revenue is derived from product sales, which consist of sales of the Company’s personal protective wear products to distributors. The Company considers purchase orders to be a contract with a customer. Contracts with customers are considered to be short-term when the time between order confirmation and satisfaction of the performance obligations is equal to or less than one year, and virtually all of the Company’s contracts are short-term. The Company recognizes revenue for the transfer of promised goods to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods. The Company typically satisfies its performance obligations in contracts with customers upon shipment of the goods. Generally, payment is due from customers within 30 to 90 days of the invoice date, and the contracts do not have significant financing components. The Company elected to account for shipping and handling activities as a fulfillment cost rather than a separate performance obligation. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight are included in operating expenses, and for the years ended in FY20 and FY19 aggregated approximately $3.3 million and $2.7 million, respectively. Taxes collected from customers relating to product sales and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenue.

The transaction price includes estimates of variable consideration, related to rebates, allowances, and discounts that are reductions in revenue. All estimates are based on the Company's historical experience, anticipated performance, and the Company's best judgment at the time the estimate is made. Estimates for variable consideration are reassessed each reporting period and are included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur upon resolution of uncertainty associated with the variable consideration. All the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation satisfied at a point in time and the transaction price is stated in the contract, usually as quantity times price per unit.

The Company has seven revenue generating reportable geographic segments under ASC Topic 280 “Segment Reporting” and derives its sales primarily from its limited use/disposable protective clothing and secondarily from its sales of reflective clothing, high-end chemical protective suits, firefighting and heat protective apparel, reusable woven garments and gloves and arm guards. The Company believes disaggregation of revenue by geographic region and product line best depicts the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows (see table below). Net sales by geographic region and by product line are included below:

	Years Ended
	January 31,
	(in millions of dollars)
	2020		2019
External Sales by region:
USA	$	55.89	$	49.88
Other foreign		3.66		3.02
Europe (UK)		9.35		9.42
Mexico		2.82		3.51
Asia		18.15		18.00
Canada		9.64		8.56
Latin America		8.30		6.62
Consolidated external sales	$	107.81	$	99.01

	Years Ended
	January 31,
	(in millions of dollars)
	2020		2019
External Sales by product lines:
Disposables	$	53.42	$	53.18
Chemical		22.96		18.03
Fire		8.36		5.98
Gloves		3.12		3.22
Hi-Vis		7.75		6.99
Wovens		11.93		11.61
Consolidated external sales	$	107.81	$	99.01

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in operating expenses on the consolidated statement of operations. Advertising and co-op costs amounted to $1.0 million and $0.8 million in FY20 and FY19, respectively, net of a co-op advertising allowance received from a supplier.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company records the cost of stock-based compensation plans based on the fair value of the award on the grant date. For awards that contain a vesting provision, the cost is recognized over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity award) which approximates the performance period. For awards based on services already rendered, the cost is recognized immediately.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs include labor, equipment and materials costs and are expensed as incurred and included in operating expenses. Research and development expenses aggregated were approximately $0.2 million in FY20 and FY19, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company is required to estimate its income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates as part of preparing the consolidated financial statements. This involves estimating the actual current tax in addition to assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatments for tax and financial accounting purposes. These differences, together with net operating loss carryforwards and tax credits, are recorded as deferred tax assets or liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. A judgment must then be made of the likelihood that any deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income. A valuation allowance may be required to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In the event the Company determines that it may not be able to realize all or part of its deferred tax asset in the future, or that new estimates indicate that a previously recorded valuation allowance is no longer required, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset is charged or credited to income in the period of such determination.

The Company recognizes tax positions that meet a “more likely than not” minimum recognition threshold. If necessary, the Company recognizes interest and penalties associated with tax matters as part of the income tax provision and would include accrued interest and penalties with the related tax liability in the consolidated balance sheets.

Foreign Operations and Foreign Currency Translation

The Company maintains manufacturing operations in Mexico, India, Argentina, Vietnam and the People’s Republic of China and can access independent contractors in China, Vietnam, Argentina and Mexico. It also maintains sales and distribution entities located in India, Canada, the U.K., Chile, China, Argentina, Russia, Kazakhstan, Uruguay, Australia and Mexico. The Company is vulnerable to currency risks in these countries. The functional currency for the United Kingdom subsidiary is the Euro; the trading company in China, the RMB; the Russian operation, the Russian Ruble, and the Kazakhstan operation the Kazakhstan Tenge. All other operations have the US dollar as its functional currency.

Pursuant to US GAAP, assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign operations with functional currencies, other than the US dollar, are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date, while revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the periods. Translation adjustments are reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss, a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Cash flows are also translated at average translation rates for the periods, therefore, amounts reported on the consolidated statement of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the consolidated balance sheet. Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the results of operations as incurred. Foreign currency transaction loss included in net income for the years ended January 31, 2020 and 2019, were approximately $0.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

US GAAP defines fair value, provides guidance for measuring fair value and requires certain disclosures utilizing a fair value hierarchy which is categorized into three levels based on the inputs to the valuation techniques used to measure fair value.

The following is a brief description of those three levels:

Level 1:   Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2:   Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.

Level 3:   Unobservable inputs that reflect management’s own assumptions.

There were no foreign currency forward or hedge contracts at January 31, 2020 or January 31, 2019.

The financial instruments of the Company classified as current assets or liabilities, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, short-term borrowings, borrowings under revolving credit facility, accounts payable and accrued expenses, are recorded at carrying value, which approximates fair value based on the short-term nature of these instruments.

The Company believes that the fair values of its long-term debt approximates its carrying value based on the effective interest rate compared to the current market rate available to the Company.

Net Income Per Share

Net income per share are based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding without consideration of common stock equivalents. Diluted net income per share are based on the weighted average number of common shares and common stock equivalents. The diluted net income per share calculation takes into account unvested restricted shares and the shares that may be issued upon exercise of stock options, reduced by shares that may be repurchased with the funds received from the exercise, based on the average price during the fiscal year.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all accounting standards updates (“ASUs”). Management periodically reviews new accounting standards that are issued.

New Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) established Topic 842, Leases, by issuing Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, which requires lessees to recognize leases on their balance sheets and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. Topic 842 was subsequently amended by ASU No. 2018-01, Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842; ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases; and ASU No. 2018-11, Targeted Improvements. The new standard establishes a right-of-use model (“ROU”) that requires a lessee to recognize a ROU asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with a term longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern and classification of expense recognition in the income statement. The new standard was effective on February 1, 2019. A modified retrospective transition approach is required, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. An entity may choose to use either (1) its effective date or (2) the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements as its date of initial application. If an entity chooses the second option, the transition requirements for existing leases also apply to leases entered into between the date of initial application and the effective date. The entity must also recast its comparative period financial statements and provide the disclosures required by the new standard for the comparative periods. The Company adopted the new standard on February 1, 2019 and used the effective date as the date of initial application. Consequently, financial information will not be updated and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods before February 1, 2019. The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. The Company elects the ‘package of practical expedients’, which permits the Company not to reassess under the new standard prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. On adoption, the Company recognized additional operating lease liabilities of approximately $2.9 million with corresponding ROU assets of the same amount based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments under the prior leasing standard for existing operating leases.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income,” which allows institutions to elect to reclassify the stranded tax effects from AOCI to retained earnings, limited only to amounts in AOCI that are affected by the tax reform law. For public entities, the amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. For all other entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Company has adopted this guidance, which had no material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), which includes provisions, intended to simplify the test for goodwill impairment. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a significant impact on its financial position and results of operations.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Simplying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The ASU removes certain exceptions for performing intra-period allocation and calculating income taxes in interim periods. It also simplifies the accounting for income taxes by requiring recognition of franchise tax partially based on income as an income-based tax, requiring reflection of enacted chages in tax laws in the interim period and making improvements for income taxes related to employee stock owernship plans. ASU 2019-12 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for which financial statements have not been issued. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-03, Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments, which makes improvements to financial instruments guidance. The standard is effective immediately for certain amendments and for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The implementation of this pronouncement will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

No other recently issued accounting pronouncements had or are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.