Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note 9 — Income Taxes

The components of income (loss) before income taxes by jurisdiction are as follows:

	Fiscal Years Ended
	March 31, 2021			March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
United States	$	48,443		$	27,000		$	(102,643	)
Foreign		(22,457	)		(25,572	)		(7,838	)
	$	25,986		$	1,428		$	(110,481	)

The (provision for) benefit from income taxes includes the following:

	Fiscal Years Ended
	March 31, 2021			March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
Current tax provision
Federal	$	(8,573	)	$	(5,935	)	$	(821	)
State		(3,386	)		(1,465	)		(690	)
Foreign		449			(327	)		(1,619	)
		(11,510	)		(7,727	)		(3,130	)
Deferred tax benefit
Federal		708			9,889			34,099
State		823			5,797			8,738
Foreign		538			(44	)		1,307
		2,069			15,642			44,144
Total (provision for) benefit from income taxes	$	(9,441	)	$	7,915		$	41,014

Significant components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets are as follows:

	As of
	March 31, 2021			March 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	187,900		$	217,883
Tax credit carryforwards		272,126			248,425
Operating lease liabilities		88,259			78,114
Deferred revenue		21,345			24,840
Other		82,222			62,691
Valuation allowance		(47,076	)		(42,621	)
Total deferred tax assets		604,776			589,332
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangible assets		(71,335	)		(71,116	)
Property, equipment and satellites		(142,899	)		(142,049	)
Operating lease assets		(83,065	)		(73,446	)
Other		(34,208	)		(27,374	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(331,507	)		(313,985	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	273,269		$	275,347

A reconciliation of the (provision for) benefit from income taxes to the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income (loss) before income taxes is as follows:

	Fiscal Years Ended
	March 31, 2021			March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
Tax (provision) benefit at federal statutory rate	$	(5,457	)	$	(300	)	$	23,201
State tax (provision) benefit, net of federal benefit		(5,067	)		(1,093	)		1,815
Tax credits, net of valuation allowance		24,272			25,153			26,836
Non-deductible compensation		(5,728	)		(7,150	)		(4,527	)
Non-deductible meals and entertainment		(386	)		(1,075	)		(929	)
Stock-based compensation		(9,901	)		780			180
Change in federal tax rate due to 2020 CARES    Act and 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act	—				567		—
Change in state effective tax rate		(2,360	)		(14	)		(684	)
Foreign effective tax rate differential, net of    valuation allowance		(3,046	)		(5,707	)		(1,552	)
Unremitted subsidiary gains		(1,682	)		(2,742	)		(1,388	)
Other		(86	)		(504	)		(1,938	)
Total (provision for) benefit from income taxes	$	(9,441	)	$	7,915		$	41,014

As of March 31, 2021, the Company had federal and state research & development (R&D) tax credit carryforwards of $214.2 million and $174.6 million, respectively, which begin to expire in fiscal year 2026 and fiscal year 2022, respectively. As of March 31, 2021, the Company also had foreign tax credit carryforwards of approximately $1.9 million, which begin to expire in fiscal year 2022. As of March 31, 2021, the Company had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $687.1 million and $560.1 million, respectively, both of which begin to expire in fiscal year 2022.

In accordance with the authoritative guidance for income taxes (ASC 740), net deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on all the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Future realization of existing deferred tax assets ultimately depends on future profitability and the existence of sufficient taxable income of appropriate character (for example, ordinary income versus capital gains) within the carryforward period available under tax law. In the event that the Company’s estimate of taxable income is less than that required to utilize the full amount of any deferred tax asset, a valuation allowance is established, which would cause a decrease to income in the period such determination is made. A valuation allowance of $47.1 million at March 31, 2021 and $42.6 million at March 31, 2020 has been established relating to state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards, state R&D tax credit carryforwards, and foreign tax credit carryforwards that, based on management’s estimate of future taxable income attributable to such jurisdictions and generation of additional research credits, are considered more likely than not to expire unused.

The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits:

	As of
	March 31, 2021			March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of fiscal year	$	80,591		$	68,156		$	55,474
Decrease related to prior year tax positions		(828	)		(949	)		(1,183	)
Increases related to current year tax positions		13,199			13,384			13,865
Balance, end of fiscal year	$	92,962		$	80,591		$	68,156

Of the total unrecognized tax benefits at March 31, 2021, $84.0 million would reduce the Company’s annual effective tax rate if recognized, subject to valuation allowance consideration. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest expense and penalties related to income tax matters as a component of income tax expense. There were no accrued interest or penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as of March 31, 2021 and 2020.

In the next 12 months it is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will not change significantly.

The Company is subject to periodic audits by domestic and foreign tax authorities. By statute, the Company’s U.S. federal and state income tax returns are subject to examination by the tax authorities for fiscal years 2018 and thereafter. Additionally, net operating loss and R&D tax credit carryovers that were generated in prior years may also be subject to examination. With few exceptions, fiscal years 2017 and thereafter remain open to examination by foreign tax authorities. The Company believes that it has appropriate support for the income tax positions taken on its tax returns and its accruals for tax liabilities are adequate for all open years based on an assessment of many factors, including past experience and interpretations.