The Company and Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
The Company and Significant Accounting Policies	Note 1. The Company and Significant Accounting Policies. Organizational Background: Emerald Medical Applications Corp (the “Company” or “Registrant”), was incorporated in the State of Ohio in 1989 under a predecessor name, Zaxis International Inc. (“Zaxis”). On August 25, 1995, Zaxis merged with a subsidiary of The InFerGene Company, a Delaware corporation, which entity changed its name to Zaxis International Inc. and the Company was reincorporated in Delaware as Zaxis. On December 30, 2014, Zaxis entered into a Memorandum of Understanding with Emerald Medical Applications Ltd., which was then a private limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel (“Emerald Israel” or “Emerald”). On March 16, 2015, Zaxis and Emerald Israel executed the Share Exchange Agreement, which closed on July 14, 2015. The Share Exchange Agreement was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization. As a result, the historical financial statements of the Registrant were replaced with the historical financial statements of Emerald Israel. The Company and its subsidiary, Emerald, are collectively referred to as the “Company”. Emerald, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Registrant effective July 14, 2015, was organized as a privately-owned company under the laws of the State of Israel on February 17, 2010. Emerald is a mobile digital-health startup company engaged in the development, sale and service of imaging solutions utilizing its proprietary DermaCompare software that it developed for use in derma imaging and analytics (“DermaCompare”). Emerald believes that its proprietary DermaCompare software represents an advancement in skin cancer screening that should enable physicians to more readily identify and monitor changes in their patients’ skin characteristics. Emerald’s DermaCompare solution allows dermatologists and other medical care professionals, using a set of 25 total body photography (“TBP”), to capture sets of skin lesion images with, among other devices, digital cameras, camera-equipped smart phones or tablets. These TBP images are then transmitted online and are remotely analyzed by professionals using our DermaCompare software. Beginning in July 2017, the Company commenced a process of outsourcing the development and maintenance of our patented DermaCompare imaging solution to a major Israeli software company, which company has been involved in the continued development of our technology. The purpose for this outsourcing was to conserve the Company’s capital resources. Certain key external consultants and medical professionals continue to assist and serve the Company as we advance the implementation of our marketing plan. As of December 31, 2017, and the date of this report, the Company has no employees on its payroll. However, certain liabilities with respect to payroll and severance payments remain outstanding. On January 29, 2018, the Company ceased its DermaCompare operations and is currently in the process of liquidating Emerald Israel. The Company commenced a new business operation in January 2018 under its newly-formed Israeli subsidiary, Virtual Crypto Technologies Ltd. To fund the new operations and to satisfy its existing debts, the Company raised approximately $1.9 million in the first quarter of 2018. Refer to subsequent event note 11. Going Concern: The Company has incurred significant operating losses and negative cash flows from operating activities in relation to its DermaCompare operations, since incorporation. The Company raised approximately $1.9 million in the first quarter of 2018, however, it will be required to obtain additional liquidity resources in order to support the commercialization of its new operations and maintain its research and development activities. The Company is addressing its liquidity needs by seeking additional funding from public and/or private sources. There are no assurances, however, that the Company will be able to obtain an adequate level of financial resources that are required for the short and long-term requirements. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Such adjustments would have been required as of December 31 2017 had the Company not successfully completed the $1.9 million funding in the first quarter of 2018. Since the Company's balance sheet as of December 31 2017 is substantially comprised of financial instruments with carrying values that approximate liquidation values (cash and cash equivalents, short term accounts payable and accrued expenses, debt and related accrued interest presented at repayment amounts as well as derivative warrant liabilities with immaterial carrying and fair values), other than the reclassification of long term liabilities to short term, such adjustments would have been immaterial as of December 31 2017. Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statement and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from the estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents: For financial statement presentation purposes, the Company considers those short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash or cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Other Receivables The Company treats VAT refunds claimed, resulting from excess VAT paid over VAT received, as other receivables. Currency Translation and other Comprehensive Income The functional currency of the Virtual Crypto Technologies Inc. is the U.S dollar (“dollar”) since the dollar is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company has operated and expects to continue to operate in the foreseeable future. Transactions and balances denominated in dollars are presented at their original amounts. Transactions and balances denominated in foreign currencies have been re-measured to dollars in accordance with the provisions of ASC 830-10, “Foreign Currency Translation”. All transaction gains and losses from re-measurement of monetary balance sheet items denominated in non-dollar currencies are reflected in the statement of operations as financial income or expenses, as appropriate. Fixed assets: New property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally 6 years. Expenditures for renewals and betterments are capitalized. Expenditures for minor items, repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred. Gain or loss upon sale or retirement due to obsolescence is reflected in the operating results in the period the event takes place. Accounting For Obligations And Instruments Potentially To Be Settled In The Company’s Own Stock: We account for obligations and instruments potentially to be settled in the Company’s stock in accordance with FASB ASC 815, Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments. This guidance addresses the initial balance sheet classification and measurement of contracts that are indexed to, and potentially settled in, the Company’s own stock. Fair Value of Financial Instruments: FASB ASC 825, “Financial Instruments,” requires entities to disclose the fair value of financial instruments, both assets and liabilities recognized and not recognized on the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. FASB ASC 825 defines fair value of a financial instrument as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the carrying value of certain financial instruments (cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued expenses.) approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of the instruments or interest rates, which are comparable with current rates. The Company measures its derivative warrant liabilities at fair value at each period. The Company adopted the FASB standard related to fair value measurement at inception. The standard defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure of fair value measurements. The standard applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements and, accordingly, does not require any new fair value measurements. The standard clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the standard established a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows. Level 1. Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2. Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and Level 3. Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions. Accounting For Convertible Debt Instruments We account for convertible debt instruments, which do not meet the definition of a derivative financial instrument per FASB ASC 815, Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments, in accordance with FASB ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. This guidance addresses the allocation of proceeds from the issuance of convertible debt into its equity and debt components. Discount on the debt component resulting from allocation of proceeds to the equity component is amortized in the profit and loss statement as finance expense. Allocation of proceeds into equity and debt components of convertible notes issued together with other detachable financial instruments is performed, in relation to the proceeds allocated to the convertible notes, based on the relative fair value of such convertible notes and the other detachable financial instruments issued. Share-based compensation The Company applies ASC 718-10, “Share-Based Payment,” which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expenses for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors (including employee stock options under the Company’s stock plans) based on estimated fair values. ASC 718-10 requires companies to estimate the fair value of equity-based payment awards on the date of grant. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the requisite service periods in the Company’s statement of operations. The Company recognizes compensation expenses for the value of non-employee awards based on the straight-line method over the requisite service period of each award, net of estimated forfeitures. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options granted as equity awards using a Black-Scholes options pricing model. The option-pricing model requires a number of assumptions, of which the most significant are share price, expected volatility and the expected option term (the time from the grant date until the options are exercised or expire). Expected volatility is estimated based on volatility of similar companies in the technology sector. The Company has historically not paid dividends and has no foreseeable plans to issue dividends. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield from governmental zero-coupon bonds with an equivalent term. The expected option term is calculated for options granted to employees and directors using the “simplified” method. Grants to non-employees are based on the contractual term. Changes in the determination of each of the inputs can affect the fair value of the options granted and the results of operations of the Company. Earnings per Common Share Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss, as adjusted to include the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Common shares and preferred shares contingently issuable for little or no cash are included in basic net loss per share on an as issued basis. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss, as adjusted to include preferred shares dividend participation rights of preferred shares outstanding during the year as well as of preferred shares that would have been outstanding if all potentially dilutive preferred shares had been issued, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year, plus the number of common shares that would have been outstanding if all potentially dilutive common shares had been issued, using the treasury stock method, in accordance with ASC 260-10 “Earnings per Share”. All outstanding stock options and warrants have been excluded from the calculation of the diluted loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, since all such securities have an anti-dilutive effect. Research and development expenses, net: Research and development expenses are charged to the statement of operations as incurred. Grants for funding of approved research and development projects are recognized at the time the Company is entitled to such grants, on the basis of the costs incurred and applied as a deduction from the research and development expenses. Income Taxes: We have adopted FASB ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. Pursuant to ASC 740, we are required to compute tax asset benefits for net operating losses carried forward. The potential benefits of net operating losses have not been recognized in these financial statements because the Company cannot be assured it is more likely than not it will utilize the net operating losses carried forward in future years. We must make certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of certain tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between financial reporting and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using the tax rates and laws in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. ASC 740 provides for the recognition of deferred tax assets if realization of such assets is more likely than not to occur. Realization of our net deferred tax assets is dependent upon our generating sufficient taxable income in future years in appropriate tax jurisdictions to realize benefit from the reversal of temporary differences and from net operating loss, or NOL, carryforwards. We have determined it more likely than not that these timing differences will not materialize and have provided a valuation allowance against substantially all of our net deferred tax asset. Management will continue to evaluate the realizability of the deferred tax asset and its related valuation allowance. If our assessment of the deferred tax assets or the corresponding valuation allowance were to change, we would record the related adjustment to income during the period in which we make the determination. Our tax rate may also vary based on our results and the mix of income or loss in domestic and foreign tax jurisdictions in which we operate. In addition, the calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. We recognize liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions based on our estimate of whether, and to the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. If we ultimately determine that payment of these amounts is unnecessary, we will reverse the liability and recognize a tax benefit during the period in which we determine that the liability is no longer necessary. We will record an additional charge in our provision for taxes in the period in which we determine that the recorded tax liability is less than we expect the ultimate assessment to be. ASC 740 which requires recognition of estimated income taxes payable or refundable on income tax returns for the current year and for the estimated future tax effect attributable to temporary differences and carry-forwards. Measurement of deferred income tax is based on enacted tax laws including tax rates, with the measurement of deferred income tax assets being reduced by available tax benefits not expected to be realized. Uncertain Tax Positions: When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. In accordance with the guidance of FASB ASC 740-10, Accounting for Uncertain Income Tax Positions, the benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above should be reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. Recent Accounting Pronouncements The Company assesses the adoption impacts of recently issued accounting standards by the Financial Accounting Standards Board on its financial statements. Following are newly issued standards or material updates to the Company’s previous assessments from its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016: In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued a new standard to achieve a consistent application of revenue recognition within the U.S., resulting in a single revenue model to be applied by reporting companies under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Under the new model, recognition of revenue occurs when a customer obtains control of the promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the new standard requires that reporting companies disclose the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The new standard is effective with respect to the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2018; early adoption is prohibited. The new standard is required to be applied retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying it recognized at the date of initial application. As the Company has not incurred revenues to date, it does not expect the new standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued a new lease accounting standard requiring the recognition of lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. This standard is effective beginning in the first quarter of 2019; early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. As the Company currently is not a party to any leasing arrangement, it does not expect the new standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” With respect to assets measured at amortized cost, such as held-to-maturity assets, the update requires presentation of the amortized cost net of a credit loss allowance. The update eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold that was previously required prior to recognizing a credit loss on financial instruments. The credit loss estimate can now reflect an entity’s current estimate of all future expected credit losses as opposed to the previous standard, when an entity only considered past events and current conditions. With respect to available for sale debt securities, the update requires that credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. The update is effective beginning in the first quarter of 2020; early adoption is permitted. As the Company has insignificant receivable balances, The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In May 2017, the FASB issued “ASU No. 2017-09, “Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting,” which clarifies when a change to terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as a modification. The new guidance requires modification accounting if the vesting condition, fair value or the award classification is not the same both before and after a change to the terms and conditions of the award. The new guidance is effective on a prospective basis beginning on January 1, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, which includes Part I “Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features” and Part II “Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests With a Scope Exception”. The ASU makes limited changes to the Board’s guidance on classifying certain financial instruments as either liabilities or equity. The ASU’s objective is to improve (1) the accounting for instruments with “down-round” provisions and (2) the readability of the guidance in ASC 480 on distinguishing liabilities from equity by replacing the indefinite deferral of certain pending content with scope exceptions. This standard is effective beginning in the first quarter of 2019; early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted the standard, retrospectively, for each prior period presented in these financial statements.

The Company and Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

The Company and Significant Accounting Policies

Note 1. The Company and Significant Accounting Policies.

Organizational Background:

Emerald Medical Applications Corp (the “Company” or “Registrant”), was incorporated in the State of Ohio in 1989 under a predecessor name, Zaxis International Inc. (“Zaxis”). On August 25, 1995, Zaxis merged with a subsidiary of The InFerGene Company, a Delaware corporation, which entity changed its name to Zaxis International Inc. and the Company was reincorporated in Delaware as Zaxis. On December 30, 2014, Zaxis entered into a Memorandum of Understanding with Emerald Medical Applications Ltd., which was then a private limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel (“Emerald Israel” or “Emerald”). On March 16, 2015, Zaxis and Emerald Israel executed the Share Exchange Agreement, which closed on July 14, 2015. The Share Exchange Agreement was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization. As a result, the historical financial statements of the Registrant were replaced with the historical financial statements of Emerald Israel.

The Company and its subsidiary, Emerald, are collectively referred to as the “Company”.

Emerald, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Registrant effective July 14, 2015, was organized as a privately-owned company under the laws of the State of Israel on February 17, 2010. Emerald is a mobile digital-health startup company engaged in the development, sale and service of imaging solutions utilizing its proprietary DermaCompare software that it developed for use in derma imaging and analytics (“DermaCompare”). Emerald believes that its proprietary DermaCompare software represents an advancement in skin cancer screening that should enable physicians to more readily identify and monitor changes in their patients’ skin characteristics.

Emerald’s DermaCompare solution allows dermatologists and other medical care professionals, using a set of 25 total body photography (“TBP”), to capture sets of skin lesion images with, among other devices, digital cameras, camera-equipped smart phones or tablets. These TBP images are then transmitted online and are remotely analyzed by professionals using our DermaCompare software.

Beginning in July 2017, the Company commenced a process of outsourcing the development and maintenance of our patented DermaCompare imaging solution to a major Israeli software company, which company has been involved in the continued development of our technology. The purpose for this outsourcing was to conserve the Company’s capital resources. Certain key external consultants and medical professionals continue to assist and serve the Company as we advance the implementation of our marketing plan. As of December 31, 2017, and the date of this report, the Company has no employees on its payroll. However, certain liabilities with respect to payroll and severance payments remain outstanding.

On January 29, 2018, the Company ceased its DermaCompare operations and is currently in the process of liquidating Emerald Israel. The Company commenced a new business operation in January 2018 under its newly-formed Israeli subsidiary, Virtual Crypto Technologies Ltd. To fund the new operations and to satisfy its existing debts, the Company raised approximately $1.9 million in the first quarter of 2018. Refer to subsequent event note 11.

Going Concern:

The Company has incurred significant operating losses and negative cash flows from operating activities in relation to its DermaCompare operations, since incorporation. The Company raised approximately $1.9 million in the first quarter of 2018, however, it will be required to obtain additional liquidity resources in order to support the commercialization of its new operations and maintain its research and development activities. The Company is addressing its liquidity needs by seeking additional funding from public and/or private sources. There are no assurances, however, that the Company will be able to obtain an adequate level of financial resources that are required for the short and long-term requirements.

These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Such adjustments would have been required as of December 31 2017 had the Company not successfully completed the $1.9 million funding in the first quarter of 2018. Since the Company's balance sheet as of December 31 2017 is substantially comprised of financial instruments with carrying values that approximate liquidation values (cash and cash equivalents, short term accounts payable and accrued expenses, debt and related accrued interest presented at repayment amounts as well as derivative warrant liabilities with immaterial carrying and fair values), other than the reclassification of long term liabilities to short term, such adjustments would have been immaterial as of December 31 2017.

Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statement and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from the estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents:

For financial statement presentation purposes, the Company considers those short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash or cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Other Receivables

The Company treats VAT refunds claimed, resulting from excess VAT paid over VAT received, as other receivables.

Currency Translation and other Comprehensive Income

The functional currency of the Virtual Crypto Technologies Inc. is the U.S dollar (“dollar”) since the dollar is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company has operated and expects to continue to operate in the foreseeable future. Transactions and balances denominated in dollars are presented at their original amounts. Transactions and balances denominated in foreign currencies have been re-measured to dollars in accordance with the provisions of ASC 830-10, “Foreign Currency Translation”. All transaction gains and losses from re-measurement of monetary balance sheet items denominated in non-dollar currencies are reflected in the statement of operations as financial income or expenses, as appropriate.

Fixed assets:

New property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally 6 years. Expenditures for renewals and betterments are capitalized. Expenditures for minor items, repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred. Gain or loss upon sale or retirement due to obsolescence is reflected in the operating results in the period the event takes place.

Accounting For Obligations And Instruments Potentially To Be Settled In The Company’s Own Stock:

We account for obligations and instruments potentially to be settled in the Company’s stock in accordance with FASB ASC 815, Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments. This guidance addresses the initial balance sheet classification and measurement of contracts that are indexed to, and potentially settled in, the Company’s own stock.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments:

FASB ASC 825, “Financial Instruments,” requires entities to disclose the fair value of financial instruments, both assets and liabilities recognized and not recognized on the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. FASB ASC 825 defines fair value of a financial instrument as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the carrying value of certain financial instruments (cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued expenses.) approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of the instruments or interest rates, which are comparable with current rates.

The Company measures its derivative warrant liabilities at fair value at each period. The Company adopted the FASB standard related to fair value measurement at inception. The standard defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure of fair value measurements. The standard applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements and, accordingly, does not require any new fair value measurements. The standard clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

As a basis for considering such assumptions, the standard established a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows.

Level 1. Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2. Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3. Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

Accounting For Convertible Debt Instruments

We account for convertible debt instruments, which do not meet the definition of a derivative financial instrument per FASB ASC 815, Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments, in accordance with FASB ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. This guidance addresses the allocation of proceeds from the issuance of convertible debt into its equity and debt components. Discount on the debt component resulting from allocation of proceeds to the equity component is amortized in the profit and loss statement as finance expense.

Allocation of proceeds into equity and debt components of convertible notes issued together with other detachable financial instruments is performed, in relation to the proceeds allocated to the convertible notes, based on the relative fair value of such convertible notes and the other detachable financial instruments issued.

Share-based compensation

The Company applies ASC 718-10, “Share-Based Payment,” which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expenses for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors (including employee stock options under the Company’s stock plans) based on estimated fair values.

ASC 718-10 requires companies to estimate the fair value of equity-based payment awards on the date of grant. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the requisite service periods in the Company’s statement of operations.

The Company recognizes compensation expenses for the value of non-employee awards based on the straight-line method over the requisite service period of each award, net of estimated forfeitures.

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options granted as equity awards using a Black-Scholes options pricing model. The option-pricing model requires a number of assumptions, of which the most significant are share price, expected volatility and the expected option term (the time from the grant date until the options are exercised or expire). Expected volatility is estimated based on volatility of similar companies in the technology sector. The Company has historically not paid dividends and has no foreseeable plans to issue dividends. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield from governmental zero-coupon bonds with an equivalent term. The expected option term is calculated for options granted to employees and directors using the “simplified” method. Grants to non-employees are based on the contractual term. Changes in the determination of each of the inputs can affect the fair value of the options granted and the results of operations of the Company.

Earnings per Common Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss, as adjusted to include the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Common shares and preferred shares contingently issuable for little or no cash are included in basic net loss per share on an as issued basis.

Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss, as adjusted to include preferred shares dividend participation rights of preferred shares outstanding during the year as well as of preferred shares that would have been outstanding if all potentially dilutive preferred shares had been issued, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year, plus the number of common shares that would have been outstanding if all potentially dilutive common shares had been issued, using the treasury stock method, in accordance with ASC 260-10 “Earnings per Share”.

All outstanding stock options and warrants have been excluded from the calculation of the diluted loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, since all such securities have an anti-dilutive effect.

Research and development expenses, net:

Research and development expenses are charged to the statement of operations as incurred. Grants for funding of approved research and development projects are recognized at the time the Company is entitled to such grants, on the basis of the costs incurred and applied as a deduction from the research and development expenses.

Income Taxes:

We have adopted FASB ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. Pursuant to ASC 740, we are required to compute tax asset benefits for net operating losses carried forward. The potential benefits of net operating losses have not been recognized in these financial statements because the Company cannot be assured it is more likely than not it will utilize the net operating losses carried forward in future years.

We must make certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of certain tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between financial reporting and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using the tax rates and laws in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. ASC 740 provides for the recognition of deferred tax assets if realization of such assets is more likely than not to occur. Realization of our net deferred tax assets is dependent upon our generating sufficient taxable income in future years in appropriate tax jurisdictions to realize benefit from the reversal of temporary differences and from net operating loss, or NOL, carryforwards. We have determined it more likely than not that these timing differences will not materialize and have provided a valuation allowance against substantially all of our net deferred tax asset. Management will continue to evaluate the realizability of the deferred tax asset and its related valuation allowance. If our assessment of the deferred tax assets or the corresponding valuation allowance were to change, we would record the related adjustment to income during the period in which we make the determination. Our tax rate may also vary based on our results and the mix of income or loss in domestic and foreign tax jurisdictions in which we operate.

In addition, the calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. We recognize liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions based on our estimate of whether, and to the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. If we ultimately determine that payment of these amounts is unnecessary, we will reverse the liability and recognize a tax benefit during the period in which we determine that the liability is no longer necessary. We will record an additional charge in our provision for taxes in the period in which we determine that the recorded tax liability is less than we expect the ultimate assessment to be.

ASC 740 which requires recognition of estimated income taxes payable or refundable on income tax returns for the current year and for the estimated future tax effect attributable to temporary differences and carry-forwards. Measurement of deferred income tax is based on enacted tax laws including tax rates, with the measurement of deferred income tax assets being reduced by available tax benefits not expected to be realized.

Uncertain Tax Positions:

When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. In accordance with the guidance of FASB ASC 740-10, Accounting for Uncertain Income Tax Positions, the benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above should be reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company assesses the adoption impacts of recently issued accounting standards by the Financial Accounting Standards Board on its financial statements. Following are newly issued standards or material updates to the Company’s previous assessments from its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016:

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued a new standard to achieve a consistent application of revenue recognition within the U.S., resulting in a single revenue model to be applied by reporting companies under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Under the new model, recognition of revenue occurs when a customer obtains control of the promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the new standard requires that reporting companies disclose the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The new standard is effective with respect to the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2018; early adoption is prohibited. The new standard is required to be applied retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying it recognized at the date of initial application. As the Company has not incurred revenues to date, it does not expect the new standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued a new lease accounting standard requiring the recognition of lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. This standard is effective beginning in the first quarter of 2019; early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. As the Company currently is not a party to any leasing arrangement, it does not expect the new standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” With respect to assets measured at amortized cost, such as held-to-maturity assets, the update requires presentation of the amortized cost net of a credit loss allowance. The update eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold that was previously required prior to recognizing a credit loss on financial instruments. The credit loss estimate can now reflect an entity’s current estimate of all future expected credit losses as opposed to the previous standard, when an entity only considered past events and current conditions. With respect to available for sale debt securities, the update requires that credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. The update is effective beginning in the first quarter of 2020; early adoption is permitted. As the Company has insignificant receivable balances, The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued “ASU No. 2017-09, “Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting,” which clarifies when a change to terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as a modification. The new guidance requires modification accounting if the vesting condition, fair value or the award classification is not the same both before and after a change to the terms and conditions of the award. The new guidance is effective on a prospective basis beginning on January 1, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, which includes Part I “Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features” and Part II “Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests With a Scope Exception”. The ASU makes limited changes to the Board’s guidance on classifying certain financial instruments as either liabilities or equity. The ASU’s objective is to improve (1) the accounting for instruments with “down-round” provisions and (2) the readability of the guidance in ASC 480 on distinguishing liabilities from equity by replacing the indefinite deferral of certain pending content with scope exceptions. This standard is effective beginning in the first quarter of 2019; early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted the standard, retrospectively, for each prior period presented in these financial statements.