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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Apr. 02, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

3.       Income Taxes


During the first three months of 2016, we utilized $23.4 million of our $40.1 million net operating loss carry-forwards against taxable income resulting primarily from our surrender of corporate-owned life insurance policies.  The premiums paid and the growth in surrender value of these policies were excludable from taxable income over the life of these policies when held until death of the covered lives, but this growth, net of premiums paid, became taxable when we surrendered the policies.  The aggregate impact of the surrender of these policies in the first quarter of this year was the creation of $24.0 million in taxable income.  The income tax expense recognized during the current three month period was largely the result of federal alternative minimum tax which limits our ability to offset income generated during the period with net operating carry-forwards, and, to a lesser extent, the impact of surrendering these policies have on state income taxes.  During the first three months of 2016, we reduced our valuation allowance against deferred tax assets from $19.2 million to $11.2 million at April 2, 2016, as a result of the use of a portion of our net operating loss carry-forwards.


We maintain a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets that currently exceed our deferred tax liabilities.  The primary assets covered by this valuation allowance are net operating loss carry-forwards. The valuation allowance was calculated in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires an assessment of both positive and negative evidence when measuring the need for a valuation allowance.  Our results over the most recent three-year period were heavily affected by our business restructuring activities. Our cumulative loss, excluding income from the Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act, in the most recent three-year period, in our view, represented sufficient negative evidence to require a valuation allowance under the provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes. We intend to maintain a valuation allowance until sufficient positive evidence exists to support its reversal, resulting in no deferred tax asset balance being recognized. Should we determine that we will not be able to realize all or part of our deferred tax asset in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset will be charged to income in the period such determination is made.


Our effective tax rate for the current quarter was a negative 69.9%, driven by the impact of the alternative minimum tax and state related taxes on the surrender of corporate owned life insurance policies.  The effective tax rate in the prior year quarter was 2.2%, also driven by the impact of the alternative minimum tax limiting the ability to offset the income received from the Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act during that quarter.  The major reconciling items between our effective income tax rate and the federal statutory rate are the change in our valuation allowance and the cash surrender value on life insurance policies.