Revenue (Notes)

3 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2020

REVENUE

Segment Information

Our segment results for the three months ended February 28, 2020 and March 1, 2019 were as follows:



(dollars in millions)	Digital Media			Digital Experience			Publishing			Total
Three months ended February 28, 2020
Revenue	$	2,169		$	858		$	64		$	3,091
Cost of revenue	87			361			4			452
Gross profit	$	2,082		$	497		$	60		$	2,639
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue	96		%	58		%	94		%	85		%
Three months ended March 1, 2019
Revenue	$	1,777		$	743		$	81		$	2,601
Cost of revenue	68			324			5			397
Gross profit	$	1,709		$	419		$	76		$	2,204
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue	96		%	56		%	93		%	85		%

Revenue by geographic area for the three months ended February 28, 2020 and March 1, 2019 were as follows:



(in millions)	2020		2019
Americas	$	1,797	$	1,510
EMEA	817		703
APAC	477		388
Total	$	3,091	$	2,601

Revenue by major offerings in our Digital Media reportable segment for the three months ended February 28, 2020 and March 1, 2019 were as follows:



(in millions)	2020		2019
Creative Cloud	$	1,818	$	1,495
Document Cloud	351		282
Total	$	2,169	$	1,777

Subscription revenue by segment for the three months ended February 28, 2020 and March 1, 2019 were as follows:



(in millions)	2020		2019
Digital Media	$	2,058	$	1,664
Digital Experience	739		612
Publishing	28		29
Total	$	2,825	$	2,305

Contract Balances

A receivable is recorded when an unconditional right to invoice and receive payment exists, such that only the passage of time is required before payment of consideration is due. Included in trade receivables on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are unbilled receivable balances which have not yet been invoiced, and are typically related to license revenue or services which are delivered prior to invoicing occurring. As of February 28, 2020, the balance of trade receivables, net of allowances for doubtful accounts, was $1.39 billion, inclusive of unbilled receivables of $114 million. As of November 29, 2019, the balance of trade receivables, net of allowances for doubtful accounts, was $1.53 billion, inclusive of unbilled receivables of $149 million.

We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts which reflects our best estimate of potentially uncollectible trade receivables and is based on both specific and general reserves. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $9 million and $10 million as of February 28, 2020 and November 29, 2019, respectively.

A contract asset is recognized when a conditional right to consideration exists and transfer of control has occurred. Contract assets are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets for the current portion and other assets for the long-term portion on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Contract assets were $76 million and $64 million as of February 28, 2020 and November 29, 2019, respectively.

Deferred revenue primarily consists of billings or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from subscription services, including non-cancellable and non-refundable committed funds and refundable customer deposits. Deferred revenue is recognized as revenue when transfer of control to customers has occurred. As of February 28, 2020, the balance of deferred revenue was $3.61 billion, which includes $45 million of refundable customer deposits. Arrangements with some of our enterprise customers with non-cancellable and non-refundable committed funds provide options to either renew monthly on-premise term-based licenses or use some or all funds to purchase other Adobe products or services. Non-cancellable and non-refundable committed funds related to these agreements comprised approximately 6% of the total deferred revenue.

As of November 29, 2019, the balance of deferred revenue was $3.50 billion. During the three months ended February 28, 2020, approximately $1.47 billion of revenue was recognized that was included in the balance of deferred revenue as of November 29, 2019.

Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes deferred revenue and unbilled amounts that will be recognized as revenue in future periods. As of February 28, 2020, remaining performance obligations were approximately $9.91 billion. Non-cancellable and non-refundable funds related to some of our enterprise customer agreements referred to in the paragraph above comprised approximately 5% of the total remaining performance obligations. Approximately 74% of the remaining performance obligations, excluding the aforementioned enterprise customer agreements, are expected to be recognized over the next 12 months with the remainder recognized thereafter.

Incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are capitalized if we expect the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year and primarily relate to sales commissions paid to our sales force personnel. Capitalized contract acquisition costs are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets for the current portion and other assets for the long-term portion on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Capitalized contract acquisition costs were $505 million and $474 million as of February 28, 2020 and November 29, 2019, respectively.

As part of our revenue reserves, we record refund liabilities for amounts that may be subject to future refunds, which include sales returns reserves and customer rebates and credits. Refund liabilities are included in accrued expenses on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Refund liabilities were $122 million and $126 million as of February 28, 2020 and November 29, 2019, respectively.