Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2025

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

The Company has various stock-based compensation plans. The Company issues restricted stock units ("RSUs") and stock options to key employees and non-employee directors. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation costs for those shares expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. The Company estimates a forfeiture rate and adjusts expense as forfeitures occur.

Stock Incentive Plans

At April 30, 2025, the Company had stock option and RSU awards outstanding under two different plans: (1) 2023 stock incentive plan and (2) 2016 employee stock incentive plan. As of April 30, 2025, there were 640,270 shares of common stock available for future stock-based compensation awards under the 2023 stock incentive plan.

Methodology Assumptions

For purposes of valuing stock option grants, the Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to value the Company’s stock options. For purposes of determining the fair value of RSUs, the Company uses the closing stock price of its common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on the date of grant. The fair value of the Company's stock options and RSU awards is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the stock options and RSUs to the extent the

Company believes it is probable the related performance criteria, if any, will be met. The expected volatility assumption is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock over a term equal to the expected term of the option granted. The expected term of stock option awards granted is derived from the Company’s historical exercise experience and represents the period of time that stock option awards granted are expected to be outstanding. The expected term assumption incorporates the contractual term of an option grant, which is generally ten years for employees, as well as the vesting period of an award, which is typically three years. The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield on a U.S. Treasury constant maturity with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the option granted.

Stock Option Activity:

Performance-based stock options ("Performance-Based Options") granted and outstanding under the Company’s 2023 stock incentive plan cliff vest at the end of three-years and have contractual terms of ten-years. The Performance-Based Options are subject to performance conditions and continued employment through the vest date. The exercise price of all stock options granted is equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the option grant date.

The Company did not grant stock options during the fiscal years ended April 30, 2025 and 2023.

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s stock option activity for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2025 and 2024 (remaining contractual term in years and exercise prices are weighted-averages):


	NUMBER OF OPTIONS	WEIGHTED AVERAGE REMAINING CONTRACTUAL TERM	WEIGHTED AVERAGE EXERCISE PRICE		AGGREGATE INTRINSIC VALUE (in thousands)
Outstanding at April 30, 2023	—	0	$	—	$	—

Granted	92,340	9.4	77.19		$	1,375
Exercised	—	0	—		$	—
Cancelled or expired	(10,260)	0	77.19		$	153
Outstanding at April 30, 2024	82,080	9.4	$	77.19	$	1,222

Granted	—	0.0	—		$	—
Exercised	—	0	—		$	—
Cancelled or expired	(10,260)	8.4	77.19		$	—
Outstanding at April 30, 2025	71,820	8.4	$	77.19	$	—

Vested and expected to vest in the future at April 30, 2025	71,820	8.4	$	77.19	$	—
Exercisable at April 30, 2025	—	0	$	—	$	—

As of April 30, 2025, there was no unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options granted under the Company's stock-based compensation plans.

Restricted Stock Unit Activity:

Prior to June 2023, the Company's RSUs granted to employees cliff-vest over a three-year period from date of grant, while RSUs granted to non-employee directors vest daily over a two-year period from date of grant. Directors were granted service-based RSUs only, while employees were awarded both service-based and performance-based RSUs ("PBRSUs"). Beginning in June 2023, service-based RSUs granted to employees vest one-third on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the grant date and service-based RSUs granted to non-employee directors (i) vest daily through the end of the one-year vesting period as long as the recipient continuously remains a member of the Board and (ii) entitle the recipient to receive one share of the Company's common stock per unit vested. Directors were granted service-based RSUs only, while employees were awarded both service-based RSUs and PBRSUs in fiscal years 2025, 2024, and 2023. The PBRSUs granted in fiscal 2025, 2024, and 2023 are earned based on achievement of a number of goals pertaining to the Company's financial performance during three one-year performance periods and the achievement of certain cultural goals for the three-year period. Employees who satisfy the vesting criteria will receive a proportional amount of PBRSUs based upon the Compensation Committee's assessment of the Company's achievement of the performance criteria.

The following table contains a summary of the Company's RSU activity for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023:


	PERFORMANCE-BASED RSUs	SERVICE-BASED RSUs	TOTAL RSUs	WEIGHTED AVERAGE GRANT DATE FAIR VALUE
Issued and outstanding, April 30, 2022	154,610	147,234	301,844	$69.10

Granted	119,772	82,848	202,620	$51.77
Cancelled due to non-achievement of performance goals	(38,454)	—	(38,454)	$73.85
Settled in common stock	(19,478)	(49,916)	(69,394)	$63.12
Forfeited	(16,620)	(9,986)	(26,606)	$63.15
Issued and outstanding, April 30, 2023	199,830	170,180	370,010	$61.77

Granted	155,062	79,778	234,840	$63.41
Cancelled due to non-achievement of performance goals	(9,949)	—	(9,949)	$63.83
Settled in common stock	(45,109)	(68,034)	(113,143)	$65.02
Forfeited	(14,939)	(8,400)	(23,339)	$66.52
Issued and outstanding, April 30, 2024	284,895	173,524	458,419	$61.85

Granted	98,391	60,159	158,550	$86.74
Cancelled due to non-achievement of performance goals	(1,555)	—	(1,555)	$85.59
Settled in common stock	(33,488)	(75,234)	(108,722)	$73.93
Forfeited	(26,792)	(10,363)	(37,155)	$65.49
Issued and outstanding, April 30, 2025	321,451	148,086	469,537	$66.71

As of April 30, 2025, there was $13.8 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs granted under the Company's stock-based compensation plans. This expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.5 years.

For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023, stock-based compensation expense was allocated as follows:


	FISCAL YEARS ENDED APRIL 30,
(in thousands)	2025		2024		2023
Cost of sales and distribution	$	1,917	$	2,377	$	2,154
Selling and marketing expenses	943		2,364		1,941
General and administrative expenses	5,129		5,941		3,301
Stock-based compensation expense, before income taxes	$	7,989	$	10,682	$	7,396