497 1 d497.htm HARBOR FUNDS Harbor Funds

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   111 South Wacker Drive, 34th Floor
   Chicago, IL 60606-4302
   www.harborfunds.com

 

 

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION – April 1, 2010

 

 

Harbor Funds (“Harbor” or the “Trust”) is an open-end management investment company (or mutual fund) registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Investment Company Act”) and consists of the following series (individually or collectively referred to as a “Fund” or the “Funds”; the Funds may also be referred to collectively within the asset classes listed below. For example, the Harbor Target Retirement Funds also may be referred to collectively as the “Target Retirement Funds”):

 

DOMESTIC EQUITY

 

GLOBAL EQUITY

 

TARGET RETIREMENT FUNDS

Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund   Harbor Global Value Fund   Harbor Target Retirement Income Fund

HACAX

 

Institutional Class

 

HAGVX

 

Institutional Class

 

HARAX

 

Institutional Class

HRCAX

 

Administrative Class

 

HRGVX

 

Administrative Class

 

HARBX

 

Administrative Class

HCAIX

 

Investor Class

 

HIGVX

 

Investor Class

 

HARCX

 

Investor Class

Harbor Mid Cap Growth Fund   Harbor Global Growth Fund   Harbor Target Retirement 2010 Fund

HAMGX

 

Institutional Class

 

HGGAX

 

Institutional Class

 

HARDX

 

Institutional Class

HRMGX

 

Administrative Class

 

HRGAX

 

Administrative Class

 

HAIIX

 

Administrative Class

HIMGX

 

Investor Class

 

HGGIX

 

Investor Class

 

HARFX

 

Investor Class

Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund       Harbor Target Retirement 2015 Fund

HASGX

 

Institutional Class

  STRATEGIC MARKETS  

HARGX

 

Institutional Class

HRSGX

 

Administrative Class

  Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund  

HARHX

 

Administrative Class

HISGX

 

Investor Class

 

HACMX

 

Institutional Class

 

HARIX

 

Investor Class

Harbor Large Cap Value Fund  

HCMRX

 

Administrative Class

  Harbor Target Retirement 2020 Fund

HAVLX

 

Institutional Class

  Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund  

HARJX

 

Institutional Class

HRLVX

 

Administrative Class

 

HAUBX

 

Institutional Class

 

HARKX

 

Administrative Class

HILVX

 

Investor Class

 

HRUBX

 

Administrative Class

 

KARLX

 

Investor Class

Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund       Harbor Target Retirement 2025 Fund

HAMVX

 

Institutional Class

  FIXED INCOME  

HARMX

 

Institutional Class

HRMVX

 

Administrative Class

  Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund  

HARNX

 

Administrative Class

HIMVX

 

Investor Class

 

HYFAX

 

Institutional Class

 

HAROX

 

Investor Class

Harbor Small Cap Value Fund  

HYFRX

 

Administrative Class

  Harbor Target Retirement 2030 Fund

HASCX

 

Institutional Class

 

HYFIX

 

Investor Class

 

HARPX

 

Institutional Class

HSVRX

 

Administrative Class

  Harbor Bond Fund  

HARQX

 

Administrative Class

HISVX

 

Investor Class

 

HABDX

 

Institutional Class

 

HARTX

 

Investor Class

Harbor Small Company Value Fund  

HRBDX

 

Administrative Class

  Harbor Target Retirement 2035 Fund

HASMX

 

Institutional Class

  Harbor Real Return Fund  

HARUX

 

Institutional Class

HRSMX

 

Administrative Class

 

HARRX

 

Institutional Class

 

HARVX

 

Administrative Class

HISMX

 

Investor Class

 

HRRRX

 

Administrative Class

 

HARWX

 

Investor Class

    Harbor Short Duration Fund   Harbor Target Retirement 2040 Fund
INTERNATIONAL EQUITY  

HASDX

 

Institutional Class

 

HARYX

 

Institutional Class

Harbor International Fund  

HRSDX

 

Administrative Class

 

HARZX

 

Administrative Class

HAINX

 

Institutional Class

     

HABBX

 

Investor Class

HRINX

 

Administrative Class

  MONEY MARKET   Harbor Target Retirement 2045 Fund

HIINX

 

Investor Class

  Harbor Money Market Fund  

HACCX

 

Institutional Class

Harbor International Growth Fund  

HARXX

 

Institutional Class

 

HADDX

 

Administrative Class

HAIGX

 

Institutional Class

 

HRMXX

 

Administrative Class

 

HAEEX

 

Investor Class

HRIGX

 

Administrative Class

      Harbor Target Retirement 2050 Fund

HIIGX

 

Investor Class

     

HAFFX

 

Institutional Class

       

HAGGX

 

Administrative Class

       

HAHHX

 

Investor Class

 

 

Additional funds may be created by the Funds’ Board of Trustees (the “Board of Trustees” or the “Trustees”) from time to time. With the exception of the Target Retirement Funds, each Fund is managed by one or more subadvisers (each, a “Subadviser”) under the supervision of Harbor Capital Advisors, Inc., the Funds’ investment adviser (the “Adviser”). The Target Retirement Funds are managed directly by the Adviser.

This Statement of Additional Information is not a Prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus of the respective Harbor Funds dated March 1, 2010 (April 1, 2010 for Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund), as amended or supplemented from time to time. Additional information about each Fund’s investments is available at www.harborfunds.com or in the respective Funds’ Annual and Semi-Annual reports to shareholders. Investors can obtain free copies of the Annual Reports, which contains the Funds’ financial statements and auditor’s consent, the Semi-Annual Reports, the Prospectuses and the Statement of Additional Information, request other information and discuss their questions


 

about the Funds by calling 800-422-1050, by writing to Harbor Funds at 111 South Wacker Drive, 34th Floor, Chicago, IL 60606-4302 or by visiting our website at www.harborfunds.com.

 

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

ADDITIONAL POLICIES AND INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES

   1

INVESTMENT POLICIES

   4

Common Stock

   4

Preferred Stocks

   4

Warrants and Rights

   4

Convertible Securities

   4

Restricted and Illiquid Securities

   4

Fixed Income Securities

   4

Below Investment Grade Fixed Income Securities

   5

Duration

   6

Derivative Instruments

   6

Risks Associated With Specific Types of Derivative Debt Securities

   7

Loan Origination, Participations and Assignments

   8

Variable and Floating Rate Securities

   9

U.S. Government Securities

   9

Municipal Bond

   9

Cash Equivalents

   10

Mortgage-Backed Securities

   11

Risk Factors Associated with Mortgage-Backed Securities

   12

Asset-Backed Securities

   13

Collateralized Debt Obligations

   13

Mortgage “Dollar Roll” Transactions

   14

Small to Mid Companies

   14

Foreign Securities

   14

Brady Bonds

   16

Inflation-Indexed Bonds

   16

Event-Linked Exposure

   17

Sovereign Debt Obligations

   17

Borrowing

   18

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

   18

Lending of Portfolio Securities

   18

Short Sales

   19

Delayed Funding Loans and Revolving Credit Facilities

   19

Forward Commitments and When-Issued Securities

   19

Repurchase Agreements

   20

Options and Futures Transactions

   20

Options on Securities, Securities Indices and Currency

   20

Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts

   22

Risks Associated with Options Transactions

   24

Risks Associated with Commodity Futures Contracts

   25

Hybrid Instruments

   25

Foreign Currency Transactions

   26

Investments in Other Investment Companies

   27

Swaps, Caps, Floors and Collars

   28

Credit Default Swaps

   29

Investments in the Wholly-Owned Subsidiary

   29

INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

   31

Fundamental Investment Restrictions

   31

Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions

   32

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

   34

THE ADVISER AND SUBADVISERS

   39

THE PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

   43

THE DISTRIBUTOR

   61

THE SHAREHOLDER SERVICING AGENT

   62

CODE OF ETHICS

   63

PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

   64

PROXY VOTING

   66

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS

   70

NET ASSET VALUE

   73

TAX INFORMATION

   75

ORGANIZATION AND CAPITALIZATION

   81

CUSTODIAN

   86

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

   87


 

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS

   88

DESCRIPTION OF COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS

   91

 

 

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ADDITIONAL POLICIES AND INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES

 

 

Each Fund (except Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund and Harbor Real Return Fund) is a diversified management investment company that has a different investment objective which it pursues through separate investment policies, as described in the Prospectus and below. Each of Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund and Harbor Real Return Fund is a non-diversified management investment company. The following discussion elaborates on the presentation of certain of the Funds’ investment policies contained in the Prospectus.

In response to extraordinary market, economic or political conditions, each Fund may depart from its principal investment strategies by taking large temporary positions in cash or investment-grade debt securities. The international funds may invest without limit in equity securities of U.S. issuers and investment-grade notes and bonds. If a Fund takes a temporary investment position, it may succeed in avoiding losses but otherwise fail to achieve its investment goal.

 

80% Requirement   

If a Fund does not meet its requirement of investing 80% of its net assets, plus borrowings for investment purposes, in its respective securities, as set forth in its prospectus, the Fund need not sell non-qualifying securities that appreciated in value to get back to 80%. However, any future investments must be made in a manner to get back in compliance with the 80% requirement.

Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund   

The Board of Trustees of Harbor Funds decided to close Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund to new investors Friday, July 18, 2003. The Fund will continue to sell shares to existing shareholders and permit exchanges from other Harbor funds as long as the exchanging shareholder has had a Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund account since July 18, 2003.

 

Shares of Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund will also continue to be sold to:

 

(A)    Beneficiaries of pension or profit sharing plans, pension funds or other benefits plans if the plan sponsor included Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund as an investment option on July 18, 2003;

 

(B)    Certain advisory clients and affiliated parties of the Subadviser to Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund upon the request of the Subadviser if the investment is determined by an officer of Harbor Fund not to adversely affect the Fund;

 

(C)    Trustees and officers of Harbor Funds and directors, officers and employees of the Adviser and the Subadviser to Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund; and

 

(D)    Each of the Harbor Target Retirement Funds, provided that the Target Retirement Funds may only allocate investments to Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund based upon assets invested in the Target Retirement Funds by shareholders that would otherwise be permitted to invest directly in Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund.

 

The Trustees of Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund reserve the right to open the Fund to all new investors at any time, but have no present plans to do so.

Harbor International Growth Fund   

Current income, if any, is a subordinate consideration to capital appreciation.

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund   

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund may pursue its investment objective by investing in Harbor Cayman Commodity Fund Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “Subsidiary”). The Subsidiary is advised by Harbor Capital Advisors, and has the same investment objective and generally will be subject to the same fundamental, non-fundamental and certain other investment restrictions as the Fund; however, the Subsidiary (unlike the Fund) may invest without limitation in commodity-linked swap agreements and other commodity-linked derivative instruments. The Fund and the Subsidiary normally test for compliance on a stand-alone basis, although they may test for compliance on a consolidated basis in certain instances where consolidated testing is in the best interests of the Fund. By investing in the Subsidiary, the Fund is exposed indirectly to the risks associated with the Subsidiary’s investments. The derivatives and other investments held by the Subsidiary generally are similar to those held by the Fund and are subject to the same risks that apply to similar investments if held directly by the Fund. See below “Investment Policies — Investments in the Wholly-Owned Subsidiary” for a more detailed discussion of the Fund’s Subsidiary.

 

The Fund may invest up to 10% of its assets in below investment grade securities, domestic and foreign, rated B or higher by S&P, Moody’s or Fitch Ratings.

Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund   

Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund may invest up to 40% of its assets in below investment grade securities, domestic and foreign, rated B or higher by Standard & Poor’s Rating Group (“S&P”), Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or Fitch Ratings.

Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund   

Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund invests primarily in below investment grade securities. While duration may be one of the tools used in security selection, the Fund does not focus on securities with a particular duration.

Harbor Bond Fund   

Harbor Bond Fund may invest up to 15% of its assets in below investment grade securities, domestic and foreign, rated B or higher by Standard & Poor’s Rating Group (“S&P”), Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or Fitch Ratings.

 

 

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ADDITIONAL POLICIES AND INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES

 

 

 

  

Except in unusual and temporary circumstances, the duration of Harbor Bond Fund’s portfolio will vary plus or minus 2 years relative to the Fund’s benchmark. The Subadviser bases its analysis of the average duration of the bond market on bond market indices which it believes to be representative, and other factors. The Fund may use various techniques to shorten or lengthen the duration of its portfolio, including the acquisition of obligations at a premium or discount, transactions in options, futures contracts, swaps, swaptions, and interest rate floors and caps.

Harbor Real Return Fund   

Harbor Real Return Fund may invest up to 10% of its assets in below investment grade securities, domestic and foreign, rated B or higher by S&P, Moody’s or Fitch Ratings.

Harbor Short Duration Fund   

Harbor Short Duration Fund may use various techniques to shorten or lengthen the dollar-weighted average duration of its portfolio, including the acquisition of obligations at a premium or discount, transactions in options, futures contracts, options on futures and mortgage and interest rate swaps and interest rate floors and caps. Subject to the policy for maintaining a dollar-weighted average portfolio duration not exceeding three years, the Fund may invest in individual obligations of any duration.

 

The assets of Harbor Short Duration Fund are actively managed and are bought and sold in response to changes in value resulting from new information affecting the supply of and demand for securities in the Fund’s portfolio. Active management of the Fund entails frequent decisions concerning the changing relative attractiveness of various investments.

Harbor Money Market Fund   

Harbor Money Market Fund may invest its assets in U.S. dollar-denominated securities of U.S. or foreign issuers and in securities of foreign branches of U.S. banks and major foreign banks, such as negotiable certificates of deposit (Eurodollars). An investment in the debt obligations of foreign issuers involves investment risks that are different from an investment in a fund which invests only in debt obligations of U.S. issuers.

 

Under normal market conditions, at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets are invested in:

 

(A)    short-term (maturing in thirteen months or less) U.S. Government securities;

 

(B)   treasury receipts; treasury investment growth receipts (“TIGRs”); certificates of accrual on treasury receipts (“CATS”); and separately traded principal and interest components of securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury traded under the Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities program (“STRIPS”);

 

(C)    U.S. dollar-denominated obligations issued by major U.S. and foreign banks (including certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances) that meet the $100 million standard set forth under “Cash Equivalents” and other obligations of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers denominated in U.S. dollars and in securities of foreign branches of U.S. banks and major foreign banks, such as negotiable certificates of deposit (Eurodollars), and including variable rate master demand notes and floating rate notes, provided they are (i) rated in the highest rating category of at least two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”) or, if only rated by one NRSRO, that NRSRO, or (ii) issued or guaranteed by a company which at the date of investment has outstanding a comparable debt issue rated in one of the two highest rating categories by at least two NRSROs or, if only one NRSRO has rated the security, that NRSRO;

 

(D)    commercial paper (including variable and floating rate commercial paper with interest rates which adjust in accordance with changes in interest rate indices) which is rated in the highest rating category of at least two NRSROs or, if not rated, is issued by a company having outstanding comparable debt rated in one of the two highest rating categories by at least two NRSROs or, if only one NRSRO has rated the security, that NRSRO;

 

(E)    short-term (maturing in thirteen months or less) corporate obligations which are rated in one of the two highest rating categories by at least two NRSROs or, if only one NRSRO has rated the security, that NRSRO;

 

(F)     repurchase agreements; and

 

(G)    asset-backed securities (including, but not limited to, interests in pools of assets such as motor vehicle installment purchase obligations and credit card receivables) which are determined to be of high quality by the Fund’s Subadviser, pursuant to criteria approved by the Board of Trustees.

 

Harbor Money Market Fund may invest up to 20% of the value of its net assets in debt instruments not specifically described in (A) through (G) above, including unrated instruments, provided that such instruments are determined by the Subadviser to the Fund to be of comparable high quality and liquidity and that they meet the Fund’s maturity requirements.

 

Harbor Money Market Fund may invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets in the securities of

 

 

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ADDITIONAL POLICIES AND INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES

 

 

 

 

banks and bank holding companies, including certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances. The Fund, however, may not invest more than 5% of its total assets (taken at amortized cost) in securities issued by or subject to puts from any one issuer (except U.S. Government securities and repurchase agreements collateralized by such securities), except that a single investment may exceed such limit if such security (i) is rated in the highest rating category by the requisite number of NRSROs or, if unrated, is determined to be of comparable quality and (ii) is held for not more than three business days. In addition, the Fund may not invest more than 5% of its total assets (taken at amortized cost) in securities of issuers not in the highest rating category as determined by the requisite number of NRSROs or, if unrated, of comparable quality, with investment in any one such issuer being limited to no more than 1% of such total assets or $1 million, whichever is greater.

Harbor Target Retirement Funds

 

Shares of the Target Retirement Funds are currently available for sale only through retirement plans sponsored by Harbor Capital Advisors, Inc. and Owens-Illinois, Inc. Shares of the Target Retirement Funds may in the future be made available for broader distribution. The Target Retirement Funds reserve the right to reject any offer to purchase shares.

 

 

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INVESTMENT POLICIES

 

 

 

Common Stocks   

Each equity Fund may purchase common stocks. Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in common stock issued by U.S. companies. Common stocks are shares of a corporation or other entity that entitle the holder to a pro rata share of the profits of the corporation, if any, without preference over any other shareholder or class of shareholders, including holders of the entity’s preferred stock and other senior equity. Common stock usually carries with it the right to vote and frequently an exclusive right to do so.

Preferred Stocks   

Each Fund (except Harbor Short Duration Fund and Harbor Money Market Fund) may invest in preferred stocks. Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in preferred stocks. Preferred stock generally has a preference as to dividends and upon liquidation over an issuer’s common stock but ranks junior to debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure. Preferred stock generally pays dividends in cash or additional shares of preferred stock at a defined rate. Unlike interest payments on debt securities, preferred stock dividends are payable only if declared by the issuer’s board of directors. Dividends on preferred stock may be cumulative, meaning that, in the event the issuer fails to make one or more dividend payments on the preferred stock, no dividends may be paid on the issuer’s common stock until all unpaid preferred stock dividends have been paid. Preferred stock also may be subject to optional or mandatory redemption provisions.

Warrants and Rights   

Warrants are options to buy a stated number of shares of common stock at a specified price at any time during the life of the warrant. Rights represent a privilege offered to holders of record of issued securities to subscribe (usually on a pro rata basis) for additional securities of the same class, of a different class or of a different issuer. The holders of warrants and rights have no voting rights, receive no dividends and have no ownership rights with respect to the assets of the issuer. The value of a warrant or right may not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities. Warrants and rights cease to have value if they are not exercised prior to their expiration date. Investments in warrants and rights are thus speculative and may result in a total loss of the money invested.

Convertible Securities   

Convertible securities are bonds, preferred stocks and other securities that normally pay a fixed rate of interest or dividend and give the owner the option to convert the security into common stock. While the value of convertible securities depends in part on interest rate changes and the credit quality of the issuer, the price will also change based on the price of the underlying stock. While convertible securities generally have less potential for gain than common stock, their income provides a cushion against the stock price’s declines. They generally pay less income than non-convertible bonds.

Restricted and Illiquid Securities   

Each Fund (except Harbor Money Market Fund which will not invest more than 10%) will not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments, which includes repurchase agreements and fixed time deposits maturing in more than seven days, securities that are not readily marketable and restricted securities, unless the Board of Trustees determines, based upon a continuing review of the trading markets for the specific restricted security, that such restricted securities are liquid. Based upon continuing review of the trading markets for a specific restricted security, the security may be determined to be eligible for resale to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “1933 Act”) and, therefore, to be liquid. Also, certain illiquid securities may be determined to be liquid if they are found to satisfy relevant liquidity requirements.

 

Each Fund may purchase and sell restricted securities (i.e., securities that would be required to be registered under the 1933 Act prior to distribution to the general public) including restricted securities eligible for resale to “qualified institutional buyers” under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. It may be expensive or difficult for a Fund to dispose of restricted securities in the event that registration is required or an eligible purchaser cannot be found. A restricted security may be liquid or illiquid depending on whether it satisfies relevant liquidity requirements.

 

Illiquid securities may include privately placed securities, which are sold directly to a small number of investors, usually institutions. Unlike public offerings, such securities are not registered under the federal securities laws. Although certain of these securities may be readily sold, others may be illiquid, and their sale may involve substantial delays and additional costs.

 

The Board of Trustees has delegated to the Adviser and Subadvisers the daily function of determining and monitoring liquidity of restricted securities in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board. The Board retains sufficient oversight of the process and remains ultimately responsible for the determinations.

Fixed Income Securities   

Corporate and foreign governmental debt securities are subject to the risk of the issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest payments on the obligations (credit risk) and may also be subject to price volatility due to such factors as interest rate sensitivity, market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and general market liquidity (market risk). Except to the extent that values are independently affected by currency exchange rate fluctuations, when interest rates decline, the value of fixed income securities can generally be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of fixed income securities can

 

 

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INVESTMENT POLICIES

 

 

 

 

  

be expected to decline. The Subadviser will consider both credit risk and market risk in making investment decisions for a Fund.

Below Investment Grade Fixed Income Securities   

Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund invests primarily in below investment grade securities. Harbor Global Growth Fund, Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund and Harbor Real Return Fund may invest up to 5%, 10%, 40%, 15% and 10%, respectively, of its assets in below investment grade securities. Below investment grade fixed income securities are considered predominantly speculative by traditional investment standards. In some cases, these securities may be highly speculative and have poor prospects for reaching investment grade standing. Below investment grade fixed income securities and unrated securities of comparable credit quality are subject to the increased risk of an issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest obligations. These securities, also referred to as “high-yield” securities or “junk bonds”, may be subject to greater price volatility due to such factors as specific corporate developments, interest rate sensitivity, negative perceptions of the high-yield markets generally and less secondary market liquidity.

 

The amount of high-yield, fixed income securities proliferated in the 1980s and 1990s as a result of increased merger and acquisition and leveraged buyout activity. Such securities are also issued by less-established corporations desiring to expand. Risks associated with acquiring the securities of such issuers generally are greater than is the case with higher rated securities because such issuers are often less creditworthy companies or are highly leveraged and generally less able than more established or less leveraged entities to make scheduled payments of principal and interest.

 

The market values of high-yield, fixed income securities tend to reflect individual corporate developments to a greater extent than do those of higher rated securities, which react primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. Issuers of such high-yield securities may not be able to make use of more traditional methods of financing and their ability to service debt obligations may be more adversely affected than issuers of higher rated securities by economic downturns, specific corporate developments or the issuers’ inability to meet specific projected business forecasts. These below investment grade securities also tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions than higher-rated securities. Negative publicity about the high-yield bond market and investor perceptions regarding lower rated securities, whether or not based on the funds’ fundamental analysis, may depress the prices for such securities.

 

Since investors generally perceive that there are greater risks associated with below investment grade securities of the type in which the Funds invest, the yields and prices of such securities may tend to fluctuate more than those for higher rated securities. In the lower quality segments of the fixed income securities market, changes in perceptions of issuers’ creditworthiness tend to occur more frequently and in a more pronounced manner than do changes in higher quality segments of the fixed income securities market, resulting in greater yield and price volatility.

 

Another factor which causes fluctuations in the prices of fixed income securities is the supply and demand for similarly rated securities. In addition, the prices of fixed income securities fluctuate in response to the general level of interest rates. Fluctuations in the prices of portfolio securities subsequent to their acquisition will not affect cash income from such securities but will be reflected in a fund’s net asset value.

 

The risk of loss from default for the holders of high-yield, fixed income securities is significantly greater than is the case for holders of other debt securities because such high-yield, fixed income securities are generally unsecured and are often subordinated to the rights of other creditors of the issuers of such securities.

 

The secondary market for high-yield, fixed income securities is dominated by institutional investors, including mutual fund portfolios, insurance companies and other financial institutions. Accordingly, the secondary market for such securities is not as liquid as and is more volatile than the secondary market for higher rated securities. In addition, the trading volume for high-yield, fixed income securities is generally lower than that of higher rated securities and the secondary market for high-yield, fixed income securities could contract under adverse market or economic conditions independent of any specific adverse changes in the condition of a particular issuer. These factors may have an adverse affect on a Fund’s ability to dispose of particular portfolio investments. Prices realized upon the sale of such lower rated or unrated securities, under these circumstances, may be less that the prices used in calculating a Fund’s net asset value. A less liquid secondary market may also make it more difficult for a Fund to obtain precise valuations of the high-yield securities in its portfolio.

 

Federal legislation could adversely affect the secondary market for high-yield securities and the financial condition of issuers of these securities. The form of any proposed legislation and the probability of such legislation being enacted is uncertain.

 

Below investment grade or high-yield, fixed income securities also present risks based on payment expectations. High-yield, fixed income securities frequently contain “call” or buy-back features which permit the issuer to call or repurchase the security from its holder. If an issuer exercises such a “call option” and redeems the security, a fund may have to replace such security with a lower yielding

 

 

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INVESTMENT POLICIES

 

 

 

  

security, resulting in a decreased return for investors. A Fund may also incur additional expenses to the extent that it is required to seek recovery upon default in the payment of principal or interest on a portfolio security.

 

Credit ratings issued by credit rating agencies are designed to evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments of rated securities. They do not, however evaluate the market value risk of below investment grade securities and, therefore, may not fully reflect the true risks of an investment. In addition, credit rating agencies may or may not make timely changes in a rating to reflect changes in the economy or in the conditions of the issuer that affect the market value of the security. Consequently, credit ratings are used only as preliminary indicator of investment quality. Investments in below investment grade and comparable unrated obligations will be more dependent on the Subadviser’s credit analysis than would be the case with investments in investment grade debt obligations. The Subadvisers employ their own credit research and analysis, which includes a study of existing debt, capital structure, ability to service debt and to pay dividends, the issuer’s sensitivity to economic conditions, its operating history and the current trend of earnings. The Subadvisers continually monitor the investments in each Fund’s portfolio and evaluate whether to dispose of or to retain below investment grade and comparable unrated securities whose credit ratings or credit quality may have changed.

 

There are special tax considerations associated with investing in bonds, including high-yield bonds, structured as zero coupon or payment-in-kind securities. For example, a Fund is required to report the accrued interest on these securities as current income each year even though it may receive no cash interest until the security’s maturity or payment date. The Fund may be required to sell some of its assets to obtain cash to distribute to shareholders in order to satisfy the distribution requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) with respect to such accrued interest. These actions are likely to reduce the Fund’s assets and may thereby increase its expense ratio and decrease its rate of return.

Duration

  

Duration is a measure of average maturity that was developed to incorporate a bond’s yield, coupons, final maturity and call features into one measure. Duration is one of the characteristics used in security selection for each fixed income and Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, except that Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund and Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund do not focus on securities with a particular duration.

 

Most debt obligations provide interest (“coupon”) payments in addition to a final (“par”) payment at maturity. Some obligations also feature call provisions. Depending on the relative magnitude of these payments, debt obligations may respond differently to changes in the level and structure of interest rates. Traditionally, a debt security’s “term-to-maturity” has been used as a proxy for the sensitivity of the security’s price to changes in interest rates (which is the “interest rate risk” or “volatility” of the security). However, “term-to-maturity” measures only the time until a debt security provides its final payment, and doesn’t take into account the pattern of the security’s payments prior to maturity. Duration is a measure of the average life of a fixed income security on a present value basis. Duration is computed by calculating the length of the time intervals between the present time and the time that the interest and principal payments are scheduled (or in the case of a callable bond, expected to be received), and weighing them by the present values of the cash to be received at each future point in time. For any fixed income security with interest payments occurring prior to the payment of principal, duration is always less than maturity. In general, the lower the stated or coupon rate of interest of a fixed income security, the longer the duration of the security. Conversely, the higher the stated or coupon rate of interest of a fixed income security, the shorter the duration of the security.

 

Generally speaking, if interest rates move up by 100 basis points, the value of a fixed income security with a five-year duration will decline by five points. If the fixed income security’s duration was three years, it would decline by three points; two years — two points; and so on. To the extent a Fund is invested in fixed income securities, the value of the Fund’s portfolio will decrease in a similar manner given the conditions illustrated above.

 

Futures, options and options on futures have durations which, in general, are closely related to the duration of the securities which underlie them. Holding long futures or call option positions will lengthen the portfolio duration by approximately the same amount that holding an equivalent amount of the underlying securities would. Short futures or put option positions have durations roughly equal to the negative duration of the securities that underlie those positions, and have the effect of reducing portfolio duration by approximately the same amount that selling an equivalent amount of the underlying securities would.

Derivative Instruments

  

In accordance with its investment policies, each Fund (except Harbor Money Market Fund) may invest in certain derivative instruments which are securities or contracts that provide for payments based on or “derived” from the performance of an underlying asset, index or other economic benchmark. Essentially, a derivative instrument is a financial arrangement or a contract between two parties (and not like a stock

 

 

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or a bond). Transactions in derivative instruments can be, but are not necessarily, riskier than investments in conventional stocks, bonds and money market instruments.

 

A derivative instrument is more accurately viewed as a way of reallocating risk among different parties or substituting one type of risk for another. Every investment by a Fund, including an investment in conventional securities, reflects an implicit prediction about future changes in the value of that investment. Every Fund investment also involves a risk that the portfolio manager’s expectations will be wrong. Transactions in derivative instruments often enable a Fund to take investment positions that more precisely reflect the portfolio manager’s expectations concerning the future performance of the various investments available to the Fund. Derivative instruments can be a legitimate and often cost-effective method of accomplishing the same investment goals as could be achieved through other investments in conventional securities.

 

Derivative securities include collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”), stripped mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, structured notes and floating interest rate securities (described below). Derivative contracts include options, futures contracts, forward contracts, forward commitment and when-issued securities transactions, forward foreign currency exchange contracts and interest rate, mortgage and currency swaps (described below). The principal risks associated with derivative instruments are:

 

MARKET RISK

 

The instrument will decline in value or that an alternative investment would have appreciated more, but this is no different from the risk of investing in conventional securities.

 

LEVERAGE AND ASSOCIATED PRICE VOLATILITY

 

Leverage causes increased volatility in the price and magnifies the impact of adverse market changes, but this risk may be consistent with the investment objective of even a conservative fund in order to achieve an average portfolio volatility that is within the expected range for that type of fund. The Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) has taken the position that it is not appropriate for a money market fund to incur leverage risk.

 

CREDIT RISK

 

The use of a derivative instrument involves the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the failure of another party to the contract (usually referred to as a “counterparty”) to make required payments or otherwise comply with the contract’s terms.

 

COUNTERPARTY RISK

 

The risk that the other party in an agreement will default. In an option contract, the risk to the option buyer that the writer will not buy or sell the underlying asset as agreed. In general, counterparty risk can be reduced by having an organization with extremely good credit act as an intermediary between the two parties.

 

LIQUIDITY AND VALUATION RISK

 

Many derivative instruments are traded in institutional markets rather than on an exchange. Nevertheless many derivative instruments are actively traded and can be priced with as much accuracy as conventional securities. Derivative instruments that are custom designed to meet the specialized investment needs of a relatively narrow group of institutional investors such as the Funds are not readily marketable and are subject to a Fund’s restrictions on illiquid investments.

 

CORRELATION RISK

 

There may be imperfect correlation between the price of the derivative and the underlying asset. For example, there may be price disparities between the trading markets for the derivative contract and the underlying asset.

 

Each derivative instrument purchased for a Fund’s portfolio is reviewed and analyzed by the Fund’s portfolio manager to assess the risk and reward of each such instrument in relation to the Fund’s portfolio investment strategy. The decision to invest in derivative instruments or conventional securities is made by measuring the respective instrument’s ability to provide value to the Fund and its shareholders.

Risks Associated with Specific Types of Derivative Debt Securities   

Different types of derivative debt securities are subject to different combinations of prepayment, extension and/or interest rate risk. Conventional mortgage pass-through securities and sequential pay CMOs are subject to all of these risks, but are typically not leveraged. Thus, the magnitude of exposure may be less than for more leveraged mortgage-backed securities.

 

The risk of early prepayments is the primary risk associated with interest-only debt securities (“IOs”), leveraged floating rate securities whose yield changes in the same direction as, rather than inversely to, a referenced interest rate (“superfloaters”), other leveraged floating rate instruments and mortgage-backed securities purchased at a premium to their par value. In some instances, early prepayments may result in a complete loss of investment in certain of these securities.

 

 

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The primary risks associated with certain other derivative debt securities are the potential extension of average life and/or depreciation due to rising interest rates. These securities include floating rate securities based on the Cost of Funds Index (“COFI floaters”), other “lagging rate” floating rate securities, floating rate securities that are subject to a maximum interest rate (“capped floaters”), mortgage-backed securities purchased at a discount, leveraged inverse floating rate securities (“inverse floaters”), principal-only debt securities (“POs”), certain residual or support trenches of CMOs and index amortizing notes. Index amortizing notes are not mortgage-backed securities, but are subject to extension risk resulting from the issuer’s failure to exercise its option to call or redeem the notes before their stated maturity date. Leveraged inverse IOs combine several elements of the mortgage-backed securities described above and thus present an especially intense combination of prepayment, extension and interest rate risks.

 

Planned amortization class (“PAC”) and target amortization class (“TAC”) CMO bonds involve less exposure to prepayment, extension and interest rate risks than other mortgage-backed securities, provided that prepayment rates remain within expected prepayment ranges or “collars.” To the extent that the prepayment rates remain within these prepayment ranges, the residual or support trenches of PAC and TAC CMOs assume the extra prepayment, extension and interest rate risks associated with the underlying mortgage assets.

 

Other types of floating rate derivative debt securities present more complex types of interest rate risks. For example, range floaters are subject to the risk that the coupon will be reduced to below market rates if a designated interest rate floats outside of a specified interest rate band or collar. Dual index or yield curve floaters are subject to depreciation in the event of an unfavorable change in the spread between two designated interest rates. X-reset floaters have a coupon that remains fixed for more than one accrual period. Thus, the type of risk involved in these securities depends on the terms of each individual X-reset floater.

Loan Origination, Participations and Assignments   

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund, Harbor Real Return Fund and Harbor Short Duration Fund may invest in loan originations, participations and assignments of portions of such loans. Additionally, these Funds may participate directly in lending syndicates to corporate borrowers. When a Fund is one of the original lenders, it will have a direct contractual relationship with the borrower and can enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the relevant credit agreement. Original lenders also negotiate voting and consent rights under the credit agreement. Actions subject to lender vote or consent generally require the vote or consent of the holders of some specified percentage of the outstanding principal amount. Participations, originations and assignments involve special types of risk, including credit risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, and the risks of being a lender. If a Fund purchases a participation, it may be able to enforce its rights only through the lender, and may assume the credit risk of the lender in addition to the borrower.

 

The Funds may purchase participations in commercial loans which may be secured or unsecured. Loan participations typically represent direct participation in a loan owed by a corporate borrower, and generally are offered by banks, other financial institutions or lending syndicates. The Funds may participate in such syndications, or can buy part of a loan, becoming a co-lender. When purchasing loan participations, a Fund assumes the credit risk associated with the corporate borrower and may assume the credit risk associated with an interposed bank or other financial intermediary. The participation interests in which a Fund invests may not be rated by any nationally recognized rating service.

 

A loan is often administered by an agent bank acting as agent for all holders. The agent bank administers the terms of the loan, as specified in the loan agreement. In addition, the agent bank is normally responsible for the collection of principal and interest payments from the corporate borrower and the apportionment of these payments to the institutions which are parties to the loan agreement. Unless a Fund has direct recourse against the corporate borrower, under the terms of the loan or other indebtedness, the Fund may have to rely on the agent bank or other financial intermediary to apply appropriate credit remedies against a corporate borrower.

 

A financial institution’s employment as agent bank might be terminated in the event that it fails to observe a requisite standard of care or becomes insolvent. A successor agent bank would generally be appointed to replace the terminated agent bank, and assets held by the agent bank under the loan agreement should remain available to holders of such indebtedness. However, if assets held by the agent bank for the benefit of a Fund were determined to be subject to the claims of the agent bank’s general creditors, the Fund might incur certain costs and delays in realizing payment on a loan or loan participation and could suffer a loss of principal and/or interest. In situations involving other interposed financial institutions (e.g., an insurance company or governmental agency) similar risks may arise.

 

Lenders and purchasers of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the corporate borrower for payment of principal and interest. If a Fund does not receive scheduled interest or principal payments on such indebtedness, the Fund’s share price and yield could be adversely affected. Loans that are fully secured offer a Fund more protection than an unsecured loan in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal. However, there is no assurance that

 

 

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the liquidation of collateral from a secured loan would satisfy the corporate borrower’s obligation, or that the collateral can be liquidated.

 

The Funds may invest in loan participations with credit quality comparable to that of issuers of its securities investments. Indebtedness of companies whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks, and may be highly speculative. Some companies may never pay off their indebtedness, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed. Consequently, when investing in indebtedness of companies with poor credit, a Fund bears a substantial risk of losing the entire amount invested.

 

Each Fund, in applying its investment restrictions, generally will treat the corporate borrower as the “issuer” of indebtedness held by the Fund. In the case of loan participations where a bank or other lending institution serves as a financial intermediary between a Fund and the corporate borrower, and where the participation does not shift to the Fund the direct debtor-creditor relationship with the corporate borrower, SEC interpretations require the Fund to treat both the lending bank or other lending institution and the corporate borrower as “issuers” for the purposes of applying diversification restrictions. Treating a financial intermediary as an issuer of indebtedness may restrict a Fund’s ability to invest in indebtedness related to a single financial intermediary, or a group of intermediaries engaged in the same industry, even if the underlying borrowers represent many different companies and industries.

 

Loans and other types of direct indebtedness may not be readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. In some cases, negotiations involved in disposing of indebtedness may require weeks to complete. Consequently, some indebtedness may be difficult or impossible to dispose of readily at what the Subadviser believes to be a fair price. In addition, valuation of illiquid indebtedness involves a greater degree of judgment in determining a Fund’s net asset value than if that value were based on available market quotations, and could result in significant variations in the Fund’s daily share price. Nevertheless, some loan interests are traded among certain financial institutions and accordingly may be deemed liquid. As the market for different types of indebtedness develops, the liquidity of these instruments is expected to improve. In addition, the Funds currently intend to treat indebtedness for which there is no readily available market as illiquid for purposes of the Funds’ limitation on illiquid investments. Investments in loan participations are considered to be debt obligations for purposes of the Funds’ investment restrictions relating to the lending of funds or assets by a Fund.

 

Investments in loans through a direct assignment of the financial institution’s interests with respect to the loan may involve additional risks to the Funds. For example, if a loan is foreclosed, a Fund could become part owner of any collateral, and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the collateral. In addition, it is conceivable that under emerging legal theories of lender liability, a Fund could be held liable as co-lender. It is unclear whether loans and other forms of direct indebtedness offer securities law protections against fraud and misrepresentation. In the absence of definitive regulatory guidance, the Funds rely on the Subadviser’s research in an attempt to avoid situations where fraud or misrepresentation could adversely affect the Funds.

Variable and Floating Rate Securities   

Variable and floating rate securities provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid on the obligations. The terms of such obligations must provide that interest rates are adjusted periodically based upon some appropriate interest rate adjustment index as provided in the respective obligations. The adjustment intervals may be regular, and range from daily up to annually, or may be event based, such as a change in the prime rate. Variable and floating rate securities that cannot be disposed of promptly within seven days and in the usual course of business without taking a reduced price will be treated as illiquid and subject to the limitation on investments in illiquid securities.

U.S. Government Securities   

Securities issued by U.S. Government agencies or government-sponsored enterprises may not be guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. The Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA” or “Ginnie Mae”), a wholly owned U.S. Government corporation, is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA and backed by pools of mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. Government-related guarantors (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government) include the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA” or “Fannie Mae”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC” or “Freddie Mac”). On September 7, 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) placed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in conservatorship, while the Treasury agreed to purchase preferred stock as needed to ensure that both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac maintain a positive net worth (guaranteeing up to $100 billion for each entity). As a consequence, certain fixed-income securities of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have more explicit U.S. Government support.

Municipal Bonds   

Harbor Bond Fund, Harbor Commodity, Harbor Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Real Return Fund and Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund may invest in securities issued by states, municipalities and other political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities of states and multistate agencies or authorities. Municipal bonds share the attributes of fixed income securities in general, but are generally

 

 

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issued by states, municipalities and other political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities of states and multi-state agencies or authorities. The municipal bonds which a Fund may purchase include general obligation bonds and limited obligation bonds (or revenue bonds), including industrial development bonds issued pursuant to former federal tax law. General obligation bonds are obligations involving the credit of an issuer possessing taxing power and are payable from such issuer’s general revenues and not from any particular source. Limited obligation bonds are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source. Tax exempt private activity bonds and industrial development bonds generally are also revenue bonds and thus are not payable from the issuer’s general revenues. The credit and quality of private activity bonds and industrial development bonds are usually related to the credit of the corporate user of the facilities. Payment of interest on and repayment of principal of such bonds is the responsibility of the corporate user (and/or any guarantor).

 

Under the Internal Revenue Code, certain limited obligation bonds are considered “private activity bonds” and interest paid on such bonds is treated as an item of tax preference for purposes of calculating federal alternative minimum tax liability.

 

The Funds may invest in municipal warrants, which are essentially call options on municipal bonds. In exchange for a premium, municipal warrants give the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to purchase a municipal bond in the future. The Fund will not invest more than 5% of its net assets in municipal warrants. The Funds may purchase custodial receipts representing the right to receive either the principal amount or the periodic interest payments or both with respect to specific underlying municipal bonds. The Funds may invest in municipal bonds with credit enhancements such as letters of credit, municipal bond insurance and Standby Bond Purchase Agreements (“SBPAs”). The Funds may invest in Residual Interest Bonds (“RIBs”), which brokers create by depositing a municipal bond in a trust. The trust in turn issues a variable rate security and RIBs.

 

Municipal Bonds are subject to credit and market risk. Generally, prices of higher quality issues tend to fluctuate less with changes in market interest rates than prices of lower quality issues and prices of longer maturity issues tend to fluctuate more than prices of shorter maturity issues.

 

Prices and yields on municipal bonds are dependent on a variety of factors, including general money market conditions, the financial condition of the issuer, general conditions of the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. A number of these factors, including the ratings of particular issues, are subject to change from time to time. Information about the financial condition of an issuer of municipal bonds may not be as extensive as that which is made available by corporations whose securities are publicly traded.

 

Obligations of issuers of municipal bonds are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors. Congress or state legislatures may seek to extend the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or to impose other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations. There is also the possibility that as a result of litigation or other conditions, the power or ability of issuers to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal on their municipal bonds may be materially affected or their obligations may be found to be invalid or unenforceable. Such litigation or conditions may from time to time have the effect of introducing uncertainties in the market for municipal bonds or certain segments thereof, or of materially affecting the credit risk with respect to particular bonds. Adverse economic, business, legal or political developments might affect all or a substantial portion of a Fund’s municipal bonds in the same manner.

 

The secondary market for municipal bonds typically has been less liquid than that for taxable fixed income securities, and this may affect a Fund’s ability to sell particular municipal bonds at then-current market prices, especially in periods when other investors are attempting to sell the same securities. Additionally, municipal bonds rated below investment grade (i.e., high-yield municipal bonds) may not be as liquid as higher-rated municipal bonds. Reduced liquidity in the secondary market may have an adverse impact on the market price of a municipal bond and on a Fund’s ability to sell a municipal bond in response to changes or anticipated changes in economic conditions or to meet the Fund’s cash needs. Reduced liquidity may also make it more difficult to obtain market quotations based on actual trades for purposes of valuing a Fund’s portfolio.

Cash Equivalents

  

Each Fund may invest in cash equivalents, which include short-term obligations issued or guaranteed as to interest and principal by the U.S. government or any agency or instrumentality thereof (including repurchase agreements collateralized by such securities). Each Fund may also invest in obligations of domestic and/or foreign banks which at the date of investment have capital, surplus, and undivided profits (as of the date of their most recently published financial statements) in excess of $100 million. Each Fund may also invest in obligations of other banks or savings and loan associations if such obligations are insured by the FDIC. Each Fund (except Harbor Money Market Fund) may also invest in commercial paper which at the date of investment is rated at least A-1 by S&P, P-1 by Moody’s, F-1 by Fitch (A-3, P-3 or F-3, respectively, for Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund and Harbor Real Return Fund) or, if not rated, is issued

 

 

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or guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by companies which at the date of investment have an outstanding debt issue rated AA or better by S&P or equivalently rated by Moody’s or Fitch; short-term corporate obligations which at the date of investment are rated AA or better by S&P equivalently rated by Moody’s or Fitch (rated A in the case of Harbor Short Duration Fund), and other debt instruments, including unrated instruments, deemed by the Subadviser to be of comparable high quality and liquidity.

 

Each Fund may hold cash and invest in cash equivalents pending investment of proceeds from new sales or to meet ordinary daily cash needs.

Mortgage-Backed Securities

  

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund, Harbor Real Return Fund and Harbor Short Duration Fund may invest only in mortgage-related securities either (i) issued by U.S. government sponsored corporations (currently Ginnie Mae, FHLMC, Fannie Mae and Resolution Trust Corp.) or (ii) rated in one of the top three categories by an NRSRO or, if not rated, of equivalent investment quality as determined by each Fund’s respective Subadviser. The Subadvisers will monitor continuously the ratings of securities held by the Funds that they manage and the creditworthiness of their issuers. Harbor Money Market Fund may invest in mortgage-backed securities that meet the quality, liquidity and maturity standards applicable to money market funds and that do not contain embedded leverage.

 

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund, Harbor Real Return Fund, and Harbor Short Duration Fund may invest in mortgage pass-through certificates and multiple-class pass-through securities, such as real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMIC”) pass-through certificates, collateralized mortgage obligations and stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBS”), and other types of “Mortgage-Backed Securities” that may be available in the future. A mortgage-backed security may be an obligation of the issuer backed by a mortgage or pool of mortgages or a direct interest in an underlying pool of mortgages. Some mortgage-backed securities, such as collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), make payments of both principal and interest at a variety of intervals; others make semiannual interest payments at a predetermined rate and repay principal at maturity (like a typical bond). Mortgage-backed securities are based on different types of mortgages including those on commercial real estate or residential properties. Mortgage-backed securities often have stated maturities of up to thirty years when they are issued, depending upon the length of the mortgages underlying the securities. In practice, however, unscheduled or early payments of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages may make the securities’ effective maturity shorter than this, and the prevailing interest rates may be higher or lower than the current yield of a Fund’s portfolio at the time the Fund receives the payments for reinvestment. Mortgage-backed securities may have less potential for capital appreciation than comparable fixed income securities, due to the likelihood of increased prepayments of mortgages as interest rates decline. If a Fund buys mortgage-backed securities at a premium, mortgage foreclosures and prepayments of principal by mortgagors (which may be made at any time without penalty) may result in some loss of the Fund’s principal investment to the extent of the premium paid.

 

The value of mortgage-backed securities may also change due to shifts in the market’s perception of issuers. In addition, regulatory or tax changes may adversely affect the mortgage securities markets as a whole. Non-governmental mortgage-backed securities may offer higher yields than those issued by government entities, but also may be subject to greater price changes than governmental issues.

 

GUARANTEED MORTGAGE PASS-THROUGH SECURITIES

 

Guaranteed mortgage pass-through securities represent participation interests in pools of residential mortgage loans and are issued by U.S. governmental or private lenders and guaranteed by the U.S. government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities, including but not limited to Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Ginnie Mae certificates are guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government for timely payment of principal and interest on the certificates. Fannie Mae certificates are guaranteed by Fannie Mae, a federally chartered and privately owned corporation, for full and timely payment of principal and interest on the certificates. Freddie Mac certificates are guaranteed by Freddie Mac, a corporate instrumentality of the U.S. government, for timely payment of interest and the ultimate collection of all principal of the related mortgage loans. Securities issued or guaranteed by entities such as Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac are not issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government.

 

Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Holders of privately issued mortgage-backed securities are dependent on, yet may have limited access to information enabling them to evaluate, the competence and integrity of these private originators and institutions. Because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in pools created by such non-governmental issuers, they generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools. Timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit. The insurance and guarantees are

 

 

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issued by governmental entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers. There can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements, and the protection afforded by insurance or guarantees may be insufficient to cover all losses if underlying mortgage borrowers default at a greater than expected rate.

 

Mortgage-related securities without insurance or guarantees may be purchased if the Subadviser determines that the securities meet a Fund’s quality standards. Mortgage-related securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable.

 

MULTIPLE-CLASS PASS-THROUGH SECURITIES AND COLLATERALIZED MORTGAGE OBLIGATIONS

 

CMOs and REMIC pass-through or participation certificates may be issued by, among others, U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities as well as private issuers. REMICs are CMO vehicles that qualify for special tax treatment under the Code and invest in mortgages principally secured by interests in real property and other investments permitted by the Code. CMOs and REMIC certificates are issued in multiple classes and the principal of and interest on the mortgage assets may be allocated among the several classes of CMOs or REMIC certificates in various ways. Each class of CMOs or REMIC certificates, often referred to as a “tranche,” is issued at a specific adjustable or fixed interest rate and must be fully retired no later than its final distribution date. Generally, interest is paid or accrues on all classes of CMOs or REMIC certificates on a monthly basis.

 

Typically, CMOs are collateralized by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac certificates but also may be collateralized by other mortgage assets such as whole loans or private mortgage pass-through securities. Debt service on CMOs is provided from payments of principal and interest on collateral of mortgaged assets and any reinvestment income thereon.

 

STRIPPED MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES

 

SMBS are derivative multiple-class mortgage-backed securities that are created when a U.S. government agency or a financial institution separates the interest and principal components of a mortgage-backed security and sells them as individual securities. SMBS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A typical SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remaining principal. The holder of the “principal-only” security (PO) receives the principal payments made by the underlying mortgage-backed security, while the holder of the “interest-only” security (IO) receives interest payments from the same underlying security. The prices of stripped mortgage-backed securities may be particularly affected by changes in interest rates. As interest rates fall, prepayment rates tend to increase, which tends to reduce prices of IOs and increase prices of POs. Rising interest rates can have the opposite effect. Although the market for these securities is increasingly liquid, the relevant Subadviser may determine that certain stripped mortgage-backed securities issued by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities are not readily marketable. If so, these securities, together with privately-issued stripped mortgage-backed securities, will be considered illiquid for purposes of the Funds’ limitation on investments in illiquid securities. The yields and market risk of interest only and principal only SMBS, respectively, may be more volatile than those of other fixed income securities. The staff of the SEC considers privately issued SMBS to be illiquid.

Risk Factors Associated with Mortgage-Backed Securities   

Investing in mortgage-backed securities involves certain risks, including the failure of a counterparty to meet its commitments, adverse interest rate changes and the effects of prepayments on mortgage cash flows. In addition, investing in the lowest tranche of CMOs and REMIC certificates involves risks similar to those associated with investing in equity securities. However, due to adverse tax consequences under current tax laws, the Funds do not intend to acquire “residual” interests in REMICs. Further, the yield characteristics of mortgage-backed securities differ from those of traditional fixed income securities. The major differences typically include more frequent interest and principal payments (usually monthly), the adjustability of interest rates, and the possibility that prepayments of principal may be made substantially earlier than their final distribution dates.

 

Prepayment rates are influenced by changes in current interest rates and a variety of economic, geographic, social and other factors and cannot be predicted with certainty. Both adjustable rate mortgage loans and fixed rate mortgage loans may be subject to a greater rate of principal prepayments in a declining interest rate environment and to a lesser rate of principal prepayments in an increasing interest rate environment. Under certain interest rate and prepayment rate scenarios, a Fund may fail to recoup fully its investment in mortgage-backed securities notwithstanding any direct or indirect governmental, agency or other guarantee. When a Fund reinvests amounts representing payments and unscheduled prepayments of principal, it may obtain a rate of interest that is lower than the rate on existing adjustable rate mortgage pass-through securities. Thus, mortgage-backed securities, and adjustable rate mortgage pass-through securities in particular, may be less effective than other types of U.S. government securities as a means of “locking in” interest rates.

 

 

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Asset-Backed Securities

  

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund, Harbor Real Return Fund and Harbor Short Duration Fund may invest only in asset-backed securities either (i) issued by U.S. government sponsored corporations (currently Ginnie Mae, FHLMC, Fannie Mae and Resolution Trust Corp.) or (ii) rated in one of the top three categories by an NRSRO or, if not rated, of equivalent investment quality as determined by each Fund’s respective Subadviser. Harbor Money Market Fund may invest in asset-backed securities if the securities meet the maturity and credit characteristics applicable to money market funds.

 

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Bond Fund, Harbor Real Return Fund and Harbor Short Duration Fund may invest in securities that represent individual interests in pools of consumer loans and trade receivables similar in structure to mortgage-backed securities. The assets are securitized either in a pass-through structure (similar to a mortgage pass-through structure) or in a pay-through structure (similar to a CMO structure). Although the collateral supporting asset-backed securities generally is of a shorter maturity than mortgage loans and historically has been less likely to experience substantial prepayments, no assurance can be given as to the actual maturity of an asset-backed security because prepayments of principal may be made at any time. Payments of principal and interest typically are supported by some form of credit enhancement, such as a letter of credit, surety bond, limited guarantee by another entity or having a priority to certain of the borrower’s other securities. The degree of credit enhancement varies, and generally applies to only a fraction of the asset-backed security’s par value until exhausted. If the credit enhancement of an asset-backed security held by a Fund has been exhausted, and if any required payments of principal and interest are not made with respect to the underlying loans, a Fund may experience losses or delays in receiving payment.

 

Other types of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities may be developed in the future, and a Fund may invest in them if the relevant Subadviser determines they are consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies.

 

Asset-backed securities entail certain risks not presented by mortgage-backed securities. Asset-backed securities do not have the benefit of the same type of security interest in the related collateral. Asset-backed securities are often subject to more rapid repayment than their stated maturity date would indicate as a result of the pass-through of prepayments of principal on the underlying loans. During periods of declining interest rates, prepayment of loans underlying asset-backed securities can be expected to accelerate. Accordingly, a Fund’s ability to maintain positions in these securities will be affected by reductions in the principal amount of such securities resulting from prepayments, and its ability to reinvest the returns of principal at comparable yields is subject to generally prevailing interest rates at that time.

 

In a rising interest rate environment, a declining prepayment rate will extend the average life of many mortgage-backed securities. This possibility is often referred to as extension risk. Extending the average life of a mortgage-backed security increases the risk of depreciation due to future increases in market interest rates.

 

Credit card receivables are generally unsecured and the debtors on such receivables are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set-off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. Automobile receivables generally are secured, but by automobiles rather than residential real property. Most issuers of automobile receivables permit the loan servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the servicer were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the asset-backed securities. In addition, because of the large number of vehicles involved in a typical issuance and technical requirements under state laws, the trustee for the holders of the automobile receivables may not have a proper security interest in the underlying automobiles. Therefore, there is the possibility that, in some cases, recoveries on repossessed collateral may not be available to support payments on these securities.

Collateralized Debt Obligations

  

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund, Harbor Real Return Fund and Harbor Short Duration Fund may invest in collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), which include collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”), collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and other similarly structured securities. CBOs and CLOs are types of asset-backed securities. A CBO is a security issued by a trust which is backed by a diversified pool of high risk, below investment grade fixed income securities. A CLO is a security issued by a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans.

 

For both CBOs and CLOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche which bears the bulk of defaults from the bonds or loans in the trust and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior

 

 

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tranche from a CBO trust or CLO trust typically have higher ratings and lower yields than their underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CBO or CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, and aversion to CBO or CLO securities as a class.

 

The risks of an investment in a CDO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the CDO in which a Fund invests. Normally, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CDOs may be characterized by the Funds as illiquid securities, however an active dealer market may exist for CDOs allowing a CDO to qualify for transactions under Rule 144A of the 1933 Act. In addition to the normal risks associated with fixed income securities discussed elsewhere in this SAI and the Funds’ prospectuses (e.g., interest rate risk and default risk), CDOs carry additional risks including, but are not limited to the possibility that: (i) distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the Funds may invest in CDOs that are subordinate to other classes; and (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results. These risks have recently led to actual defaults and market losses on CDOs known as “structured investment vehicles” or “SIVs”.

Mortgage “Dollar Roll” Transactions   

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund, Harbor Real Return Fund and Harbor Short Duration Fund may enter into mortgage “dollar roll” transactions with selected banks and broker-dealers. In a dollar roll, the Fund sells mortgage-backed securities and simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar (same type, coupon and maturity) securities on a specified future day. A Fund will only enter into covered rolls. A “covered roll” is a specific type of dollar roll for which there is an offsetting cash or cash equivalent security position which matures on or before the forward settlement date of the dollar roll transaction. Covered rolls are not treated as a borrowing or other senior security and will be excluded from the calculation of a Fund’s borrowings and other senior securities. For financial reporting and tax purposes, a Fund treats mortgage dollar rolls as two separate transactions: one involving the purchase of a security and a separate transaction involving a sale. A Fund does not currently intend to enter into mortgage dollar roll transactions that are accounted for as financing.

Small to Mid Companies   

Each equity Fund and Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund may invest in equity securities of small to mid sized companies. Smaller companies may (i) be subject to more volatile market movements than securities of larger, more established companies; (ii) have limited product lines, markets or financial resources; and (iii) depend upon a limited or less experienced management group. The securities of smaller companies may be traded only on the over-the-counter market or on a regional securities exchange and may not be traded daily or in the volume typical of trading on a national securities exchange. Disposition by the Fund of a smaller company’s securities in order to meet redemptions may require the Fund to sell these securities at a discount from market prices, over a longer period of time or during periods when disposition is not desirable. These risks are more significant in the context of smaller companies.

Foreign Securities   

Each Fund is permitted to invest in foreign securities, which are securities issued by foreign issuers. The only foreign securities that Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund and Harbor Money Market Fund may purchase are U.S. dollar-denominated foreign securities. Each Subadviser is responsible for determining, with respect to the Fund that it manages, whether a particular issuer would be considered a foreign issuer. Normally, foreign governments and their agencies and instrumentalities are considered foreign issuers. In the case of non- governmental issuers, the Subadvisers generally may consider one or more of the following factors when making that determination:

 

•      whether the equity securities of the company principally trade on stock exchanges in one or more foreign countries;

 

•      the extent to which a company’s total revenue is derived from goods produced, sales made or services performed in one or more foreign countries or the extent to which its assets are located in one or more foreign countries;

 

•      whether the company is organized under the laws of a foreign country or its principal executive offices are located in a foreign country; and/or

 

•      any other factors relevant to a particular issuer.

 

Each Subadviser may weigh those factors differently when making a classification decision. Because the global nature of many companies can make the classification of those companies difficult and because the Subadvisers do not consult with one another with respect to the management of the Funds, the Subadvisers may, on occasion, classify the same issuer differently. Certain companies which are organized under the laws of a foreign country may nevertheless be classified by a Subadviser as a domestic issuer.

 

 

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This may occur when the company’s economic fortunes and risks are primarily linked to the U.S. and the company’s principal operations are conducted from the U.S. or when the company’s equity securities trade principally on a U.S. stock exchange.

 

Investing in securities of foreign companies and governments may involve risks which are not ordinarily associated with investing in domestic securities. These risks include changes in currency exchange rates and currency exchange control regulations or other foreign or U.S. laws or restrictions applicable to such investments. A decline in the exchange rate may also reduce the value of certain portfolio securities. Even though they are denominated in U.S. dollars, exchange rate changes may adversely affect the company’s operations or financial health.

 

Fixed commissions on foreign securities exchanges are generally higher than negotiated commissions on U.S. exchanges, although each Fund endeavors to achieve the most favorable net results on portfolio transactions. There is generally less government supervision and regulation of securities exchanges, brokers, dealers and listed companies than in the United States. Mail service between the United States and foreign countries may be slower or less reliable than within the United States, thus increasing the risk of delayed settlements of portfolio transactions or loss of certificates for portfolio securities. Individual foreign economies may also differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position.

 

In addition, investments in foreign countries could be affected by other factors generally not thought to be present in the United States. Such factors include the unavailability of financial information or the difficulty of interpreting financial information prepared under foreign accounting standards; less liquidity and more volatility in foreign securities markets; the possibility of expropriation; the imposition of foreign withholding and other taxes; the impact of political, social or diplomatic developments; limitations on the movement of funds or other assets of a Fund between different countries; difficulties in invoking legal process abroad and enforcing contractual obligations; and the difficulty of assessing economic trends in foreign countries.

 

Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions. These delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when a portion of the assets of a Fund is uninvested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of a Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause a Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of portfolio securities due to settlement problems could result either in losses to a Fund due to subsequent declines in value of the portfolio securities, or, if a Fund has entered into a contract to sell the securities, could result in possible liability to the purchaser.

 

The Funds’ custodian, State Street Bank and Trust Company, has established and monitors subcustodial relationships with banks and certain other financial institutions in the foreign countries in which the Funds invest to permit the Funds’ assets to be held in those foreign countries. These relationships have been established pursuant to Rule 17f-5 of the Investment Company Act which governs the establishment of foreign subcustodial arrangements for mutual funds. The Funds’ subcustodial arrangements may be subject to certain risks including: (i) the inability of the Funds to recover assets in the event of the subcustodian’s bankruptcy; (ii) legal restrictions on the Funds’ ability to recover assets lost while under the care of the subcustodian; (iii) the likelihood of expropriation, confiscation or a freeze of the Funds’ assets; and (iv) difficulties in converting the Funds’ cash and cash equivalents to U.S. dollars. The Adviser and the respective Subadvisers have evaluated the political risk associated with an investment in a particular country.

 

Investing in securities of non-U.S. companies may entail additional risks especially in emerging countries due to the potential political and economic instability of certain countries. These risks include expropriation, nationalization, confiscation or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investment and on repatriation of capital invested. Should one of these events occur, a Fund could lose its entire investment in any such country. A Fund’s investments would similarly be adversely affected by exchange control regulation in any of those countries.

 

Even though opportunities for investment may exist in foreign countries, any changes in the leadership or policies of the governments of those countries or in any other government which exercises a significant influence over those countries, may halt the expansion of or reverse the liberalization of foreign investment policies and thereby eliminate any investment opportunities which may currently exist. This is particularly true of emerging markets.

 

Certain countries in which the Funds may invest may have vocal minorities that advocate radical religious or revolutionary philosophies or support ethnic independence. Any disturbance on the part of such individuals could carry the potential for wide-spread destruction or confiscation of property owned by individuals and entities foreign to such country and could cause the loss of a Fund’s investment in those countries.

 

Certain countries prohibit or impose substantial restrictions on investments in their capital and equity markets by foreign entities like the Funds. Certain countries require governmental approval prior to

 

 

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foreign investments, or limit the amount of foreign investment in a particular company, or limit the investment to only a specific class of securities of a company that may have less advantageous terms than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals. Moreover, the national policies of certain countries may restrict investment opportunities in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests. In addition, some countries require governmental approval for the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of securities sales by foreign investors. A Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation, as well as by the application to it of other restrictions on investments. In particular, restrictions on repatriation could make it more difficult for a Fund to obtain cash necessary to satisfy the tax distribution requirements that must be satisfied in order for the Fund to avoid federal income or excise tax.

 

EMERGING MARKETS

 

Investments in emerging markets involve risks in addition to those generally associated with investments in foreign securities.

 

Political and economic structures in many emerging markets may be undergoing significant evolution and rapid development, and such countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristic of more developed countries. As a result, the risks described above relating to investments in foreign securities, including the risks of nationalization or expropriation of assets, may be heightened. In addition, unanticipated political or social developments may affect the values of the Fund’s investments and the availability to the Fund of additional investments in such emerging markets. The small size and inexperience of the securities markets in certain emerging markets and the limited volume of trading in securities in those markets may make the Fund’s investments in such countries less liquid and more volatile than investments in countries with more developed securities markets (such as the U.S., Japan and most Western European countries).

 

ADRs, EDRs, IDRs AND GDRs

 

Each equity Fund may invest in ADRs, EDRs, IDRs and GDRs. American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) (sponsored or unsponsored) are receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company evidencing ownership of the underlying foreign securities. Most ADRs are traded on a U.S. stock exchange. Issuers of unsponsored ADRs are not contractually obligated to disclose material information in the U.S., so there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the unsponsored ADR. European Depositary Receipts (EDRs) and International Depositary Receipts (IDRs) are receipts typically issued by a European bank or trust company evidencing ownership of the underlying foreign securities. Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) are receipts issued by either a U.S. or non-U.S. banking institution evidencing ownership of the underlying foreign securities.

Brady Bonds

  

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund and Harbor Real Return Fund may invest in Brady Bonds which are securities created through the exchange of existing commercial bank loans to sovereign entities for new obligations in connection with debt restructurings under a debt restructuring plan introduced by former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, Nicholas P. Brady. Brady Bonds may be collateralized or uncollateralized, are issued in various currencies (but primarily the U.S. dollar), and are traded in the over-the-counter secondary market. Brady Bonds are not considered to be U.S. government securities. In light of the residual risk of Brady Bonds and, among other factors, the history of defaults with respect to commercial bank loans by public and private entities in countries issuing Brady Bonds, investments in Brady Bonds may be viewed as speculative. There can be no assurance that Brady Bonds acquired by a Fund will not be subject to restructuring arrangements or to requests for new credit, which may cause the Fund to suffer a loss of interest or principal on any of its holdings.

Inflation-Indexed Bonds

  

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in inflation-indexed bonds. Harbor Real Return Fund invests primarily in inflation-indexed bonds. Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund and Harbor Short Duration Fund may invest in inflation-indexed bonds. Inflation-indexed bonds are fixed income securities whose principal value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. Two structures are common. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers use a structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Most other issuers pay out the CPI accruals as part of a semiannual coupon.

 

Inflation-indexed securities issued by the U.S. Treasury have maturities of five, ten or twenty years, although it is possible that securities with other maturities will be issued in the future. The U.S. Treasury securities pay interest on a semiannual basis, equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal amount. For example, if a Fund purchased an inflation-indexed bond with a par value of $1,000 and a 3% real rate of return coupon (payable 1.5% semi-annually), and inflation over the first six months were 1%, the mid-year par value of the bond would be $1,010 and the first semi-annual interest payment would be $15.15 ($1,010 times 1.5%). If inflation during the second half of the year resulted in the whole years’ inflation equaling 3%, the end-of-year par value of the bond would be $1,030 and the second semi-annual interest payment would be $15.45 ($1,030 times 1.5%).

 

 

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If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bonds, even during a period of deflation. However, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed, and will fluctuate. The Funds may also invest in other inflation related bonds which may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal. The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates in turn are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation.

 

Therefore, if inflation was to rise at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation indexed bonds. In contrast, if nominal interest rates increased at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed bonds.

 

While these securities are expected to be protected from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in value. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bond’s inflation measure.

 

The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation-indexed bonds is tied to the Consumer Price Index for Urban Consumers (“CPI-U”), which is calculated monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPI-U is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as housing, food, transportation and energy. Inflation-indexed bonds issued by a foreign government are generally adjusted to reflect a comparable inflation index, calculated by that government. There can be no assurance that the CPI-U or any foreign inflation index will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the rate of inflation in a foreign country will be correlated to the rate of inflation in the United States.

 

Any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond will be considered taxable ordinary income, even though investors do not receive their principal until maturity.

Event-Linked Exposure

  

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund, Harbor Real Return Fund and Harbor Short Duration Fund may obtain event-linked exposure by investing in “event-linked bonds” or “event-linked swaps,” or implement “event-linked strategies.” Event-linked exposure results in gains that typically are contingent on the nonoccurrence of a specific “trigger” event, such as a hurricane, earthquake, or other physical or weather-related phenomena. Some event-linked bonds are commonly referred to as “catastrophe bonds.” They may be issued by government agencies, insurance companies, reinsurers, special purpose corporations or other on-shore or off-shore entities (such special purpose entities are created to accomplish a narrow and well-defined objective, such as the issuance of a note in connection with a reinsurance transaction). If a trigger event causes losses exceeding a specific amount in the geographic region and time period specified in a bond, a Fund investing in the bond may lose a portion or its entire principal invested in the bond. If no trigger event occurs, the Fund will recover its principal plus interest. For some event-linked bonds, the trigger event or losses may be based on company-wide losses, index-portfolio losses, industry indices, or readings of scientific instruments rather than specified actual losses. Often the event-linked bonds provide for extensions of maturity that are mandatory or optional at the discretion of the issuer, in order to process and audit loss claims in those cases where a trigger event has, or possibly has, occurred. An extension of maturity may increase volatility. In addition to the specified trigger events, event-linked bonds may also expose the Fund to certain unanticipated risks including but not limited to issuer risk, credit risk, counterparty risk, adverse regulatory or jurisdictional interpretations, and adverse tax consequences.

 

Event-linked bonds are a relatively new type of financial instrument. As such, there is no significant trading history of these securities, and there can be no assurance that a liquid market in these instruments will develop. Lack of a liquid market may impose the risk of higher transaction costs and the possibility that a Fund may be forced to liquidate positions when it would not be advantageous to do so. Event-linked bonds are typically rated, and a Fund will only invest in catastrophe bonds that meet the credit quality requirements for the Fund.

Sovereign Debt Obligations

  

Sovereign debt obligations involve special risks that are not present in corporate debt obligations. The foreign issuer of the sovereign debt or the foreign governmental authorities that control the repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to repay principal or interest when due, and a fund may have limited recourse in the event of a default. During periods of economic uncertainty, the market prices of sovereign debt, and the Fund’s net asset value, to the extent it invests in such securities, may be more volatile than prices of debt obligations of U.S. issuers. In the past, certain foreign countries have encountered difficulties in servicing their debt obligations, withheld payments of principal and interest and declared moratoria on the payment of principal and interest on their sovereign debt.

 

 

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A sovereign debtor’s willingness or ability to repay principal and pay interest in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign currency reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange, the relative size of the debt service burden, the sovereign debtor’s policy toward principal international lenders and local political constraints. Sovereign debtors may also be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and other entities to reduce principal and interest arrearages on their debt. The failure of a sovereign debtor to implement economic reforms, achieve specified levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of third party commitments to lend funds to the sovereign debtor, which may further impair such debtor’s ability or willingness to service its debts.

Borrowing

  

Each Fund may borrow for temporary administrative or emergency purposes and this borrowing may be unsecured. Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund and Harbor Short Duration Fund may borrow from banks and broker-dealers and engage in reverse repurchase agreements for purposes of investing the borrowed funds. The Fund maintains continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons, the Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days to reduce its borrowings and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to sell securities at that time. The percentage of Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund’s and Harbor Short Duration Fund’s total assets that may be leveraged because of reverse repurchase agreements will vary during the fiscal year depending on the portfolio management strategies of the Subadviser. Borrowing may exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of the portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs which may or may not be recovered by appreciation of the securities purchased. A Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with such borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

  

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund and Harbor Real Return Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements with banks for temporary or emergency purposes. Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund and Harbor Short Duration Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements with banks and broker-dealers to the extent permitted by the Fund’s restrictions on borrowing. A reverse repurchase agreement involves the sale of a portfolio security by the Fund, coupled with an agreement to repurchase the security at a specified time and price. During the reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund continues to receive principal and interest payments on the underlying securities. Each Fund will set aside in its records or maintain a segregated account, which is marked-to-market daily, consisting of cash or liquid assets to cover its obligations under reverse repurchase agreements.

 

While not considered senior securities, reverse repurchase agreements are considered borrowings and as such are subject to the same risks associated with borrowing by the Fund. When the Fund engages in borrowing for investment purposes, also known as financial leverage, the Fund is required to maintain continuous asset coverage (i.e., total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons, the Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to sell securities at that time. Leveraging may exaggerate the effect on the Fund’s net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of the Fund’s portfolio. Money borrowed for leveraging will be subject to interest costs which may or may not be recovered by appreciation of the securities purchased; and in certain cases, interest costs may exceed the return received on the securities purchased. An increase in interest rates could reduce or eliminate the benefits of leverage and could reduce the net asset value of the Fund’s shares.

Lending of Portfolio Securities

  

Each Fund (other than Harbor Real Return Fund, Harbor Money Market Fund and each of the Target Retirement Funds) may seek to increase its income by lending portfolio securities. Under present regulatory policies, loans may only be made to financial institutions, such as broker-dealers, and are required to be secured continuously by collateral in cash or liquid assets. Such collateral will be maintained on a current basis at an amount at least equal to the market value of the securities loaned. The Fund would have the right to call a loan and obtain the securities loaned at any time on five days’ notice. For the duration of a loan, the Fund would continue to receive the equivalent of the interest or dividends paid by the issuer on the securities loaned and would also receive compensation from the investment of the collateral. The Fund would not, however, have the right to vote any securities having voting rights during the existence of the loan. In the event of an important vote to be taken among holders of the securities or of the giving or withholding of their consent on a material matter affecting the investment, the Fund would call the loan. As with other extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery or even loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail financially.

 

 

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However, the loans would be made only to firms deemed by the Adviser to be of good standing, and when, in the judgment of the Adviser, the consideration which can be earned currently from securities loans of this type justifies the attendant risk. If the Adviser decides to make securities loans, it is intended that the value of the securities loaned would not exceed 33  1/3% of the value of the total assets of the Fund.

Short Sales   

Each Fund (other than Harbor International Fund and Harbor International Growth Fund) may engage in short sales “against the box,” as well as short sales for hedging purposes. When a Fund engages in a short sale other than “against the box,” it will place cash or liquid securities in a segregated account with the custodian or set aside in the Fund’s records and mark them to market daily in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements. Except for short sales against the box, a Fund is limited in the amount of the Fund’s net assets that may be committed to short sales and the securities in which short sales are made must be listed on a national securities exchange. A short sale is “against the box” to the extent that the Fund contemporaneously owns or has the right to obtain, at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short. Short sales other than “against the box” may involve an unlimited exposure to loss.

Delayed Funding and Revolving Credit Facilities   

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund, Harbor Real Return Fund and Harbor Short Duration Fund may enter into, or acquire participations in, delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities. Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities are borrowing arrangements in which the lender agrees to make loans up to a maximum amount upon demand by the borrower during a specified term. A revolving credit facility differs from a delayed funding loan in that as the borrower repays the loan, an amount equal to the repayment may be borrowed again during the term of the revolving credit facility. Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities usually provide for floating or variable rates of interest. These commitments may have the effect of requiring a Fund to increase its investment in a company at a time when it might not otherwise decide to do so (including at a time when the company’s financial condition makes it unlikely that such amounts will be repaid). To the extent that a Fund is committed to advance additional funds, it will set aside in its records, or maintain a segregated account, which is marked-to-market daily, consisting of cash or liquid assets in an amount sufficient to meet such commitments.

 

The Funds may invest in delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities with credit quality comparable to that of issuers of its securities investments. Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities may be subject to restrictions on transfer, and only limited opportunities may exist to resell such instruments. As a result, a Fund may be unable to sell such investments at an opportune time or may have to resell them at less than fair market value. The Funds currently intend to treat delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities for which there is no readily available market as illiquid for purposes of the Funds’ limitation on illiquid investments. Participation interests in revolving credit facilities will be subject to the limitations discussed in “Loan Participations and Assignments.” Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities are considered to be debt obligations for purposes of each Fund’s investment restriction relating to the lending of funds or assets by a Fund.

Forward Commitments and When-Issued Securities   

Each Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued or purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis including “TBA” (to be announced) purchase and sale commitments. Purchasing securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis involves a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date, which risk is in addition to the risk of decline in value of the Fund’s other assets. Although a Fund would generally purchase securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis with the intention of acquiring securities for its portfolio, the Fund may dispose of a when-issued security or forward commitment prior to settlement if the Subadviser deems it appropriate to do so. A Fund may enter into a forward-commitment sale to hedge its portfolio positions or to sell securities it owned under delayed delivery arrangement. Proceeds of such a sale are not received until the contractual settlement date. While such a contract is outstanding, the Fund must segregate equivalent deliverable securities or hold an offsetting purchase commitment. A Fund may realize short-term gains or losses upon such purchases and sales. These transactions involve a commitment by the Fund to purchase or sell securities at a future date (ordinarily one or two months later). The price of the underlying securities (usually expressed in terms of yield) and the date when the securities will be delivered and paid for (the settlement date) are fixed at the time the transaction is negotiated. When-issued purchases and forward commitment transactions are negotiated directly with the other party, and such commitments are not traded on exchanges.

 

When-issued purchases and forward commitment transactions enable a Fund to lock in what is believed to be an attractive price or yield on a particular security for a period of time, regardless of future changes in interest rates. For instance, in periods of rising interest rates and falling prices, the Fund might sell securities it owns on a forward commitment basis to limit its exposure to falling prices. In periods of falling interest rates and rising prices, the Fund might sell securities it owns and purchase the same or a similar security on a when-issued or forward commitment basis, thereby obtaining the benefit of currently higher yields.

 

The value of securities purchased on a when-issued or forward commitment basis and any subsequent fluctuations in their value are reflected in the computation of the Fund’s net asset value starting on the date

 

 

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of the agreement to purchase the securities. The Fund does not earn interest on the securities it has committed to purchase until they are paid for and delivered on the settlement date. When the Fund makes a forward commitment to sell securities it owns, the proceeds to be received upon settlement are included in the Fund’s assets. Fluctuations in the market value of the underlying securities are not reflected in the Fund’s net asset value as long as the commitment to sell remains in effect. Settlement of when-issued purchases and forward commitment transactions generally takes place within two months after the date of the transaction, but the Fund may agree to a longer settlement period.

 

A Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued basis or purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis only with the intention of completing the transaction and actually purchasing or selling the securities. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, the Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into. The Fund also may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. The Fund may realize a capital gain or loss in connection with these transactions.

 

When a Fund purchases securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis, the Funds will maintain in a segregated account with the Funds’ custodian or set aside in the Funds’ records, cash or liquid assets having a value (determined daily) at least equal to the amount of the Fund’s purchase commitments. In the case of a forward commitment to sell portfolio securities, portfolio holdings will be held in a segregated account with the Fund’s custodian or set aside on the Fund’s records while the commitment is outstanding. These procedures are designed to ensure that the Fund will maintain sufficient assets at all times to cover its obligations under when-issued purchases and forward commitments.

Repurchase Agreements   

Each Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with domestic or foreign banks or with any member firm of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”), or any affiliate of a member firm which is a primary dealer in U.S. government securities. Each repurchase agreement counterparty must meet the minimum credit quality requirements applicable to the respective Fund generally and meet any other appropriate counterparty criteria as determined by the Fund’s Subadviser. The minimum credit quality requirements are those applicable to a Fund’s purchase of securities generally such that if a Fund is permitted to only purchase securities which are rated investment grade (or the equivalent if unrated), that Fund could only enter into repurchase agreements with counterparties that have debt outstanding that is rated investment grade (or the equivalent if unrated). In a repurchase agreement, a Fund buys a security at one price and simultaneously agrees to sell it back at a higher price. Such agreements must be adequately collateralized to cover the counterparty’s obligation to the Fund to close out the repurchase agreement. The securities will be regularly monitored to ensure that the collateral is adequate. In the event of the bankruptcy of the seller or the failure of the seller to repurchase the securities as agreed, the Fund could suffer losses, including loss of interest on or principal of the securities and costs associated with delay and enforcement of the repurchase agreement.

Options and Futures Transactions   

Except as described under “Options on Securities, Securities Indices and Currency” and “Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts”, each Fund may buy and sell options contracts, financial futures contracts and options on futures contracts, may purchase and sell options and futures based on securities, indices, or currencies, including options and futures traded on foreign exchanges and options not traded on any exchange. Options and futures contracts are bought and sold to manage a Fund’s exposure to changing interest rates, security prices, and currency exchange rates. Some options and futures strategies, including selling futures, buying puts, and writing calls, tend to hedge a Fund’s investment against price fluctuations. Other strategies, including buying futures, writing puts, and buying calls, tend to increase market exposure. Options and futures may be combined with each other or with forward contracts in order to adjust the risk and return characteristics of the overall strategy.

 

Options and futures can be volatile investments and involve certain risks. If the Subadviser applies a hedge at an inappropriate time or judges market conditions incorrectly, options and futures strategies may lower a Fund’s return. A Fund can also experience losses if the prices of its options and futures positions are poorly correlated with those of its other investments, or if it cannot close out its positions because of an illiquid secondary market. Options and futures do not pay interest, but may produce income, gains or losses.

 

The loss incurred by a Fund investing in futures contracts and in writing options on futures is potentially unlimited and may exceed the amount of any premium received. The Funds’ transactions in options and futures contracts may be limited by the requirements of the Code for qualification as a regulated investment company.

Options on Securities, Securities Indices and Currency   

Harbor Large Cap Value Fund and Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund are not authorized to engage in options transactions on currency. Harbor International Fund and Harbor International Growth Fund are not authorized to engage in options transactions on currencies for speculative purposes. Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund, Harbor Real Return Fund and Harbor Short Duration Fund may use options on currencies for cross-hedging purposes. Harbor Money Market Fund is not authorized to engage in any options transactions. The

 

 

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aggregate value of premiums paid by a Fund for all options transactions may not exceed 20% of that Fund’s net assets. Otherwise, a Fund may purchase and write (sell) call and put options on any securities in which it may invest, on any securities index based on securities in which it may invest or on any currency in which Fund investments may be denominated. These options may be listed on national domestic securities exchanges or foreign securities exchanges or traded in the over-the-counter market. Each Fund may write covered put and call options and purchase put and call options to enhance total return, as a substitute for the purchase or sale of securities or currency, or to protect against declines in the value of portfolio securities and against increases in the cost of securities to be acquired.

 

WRITING COVERED OPTIONS

 

A call option on securities or currency written by a Fund obligates the Fund to sell specified securities or currency to the holder of the option at a specified price if the option is exercised at any time before the expiration date. A put option on securities or currency written by a Fund obligates the Fund to purchase specified securities or currency from the option holder at a specified price if the option is exercised at any time before the expiration date. Options on securities indices are similar to options on securities, except that the exercise of securities index options requires cash settlement payments and does not involve the actual purchase or sale of securities. In addition, securities index options are designed to reflect price fluctuations in a group of securities or segment of the securities market rather than price fluctuations in a single security. Writing covered call options may deprive a Fund of the opportunity to profit from an increase in the market price of the securities or foreign currency assets in its portfolio. Writing covered put options may deprive a Fund of the opportunity to profit from a decrease in the market price of the securities or foreign currency assets to be acquired for its portfolio.

 

All call and put options written by the Funds are covered. A written call option or put option may be covered by (i) maintaining cash or liquid securities, either of which may be quoted or denominated in any currency, in a segregated account maintained by the Fund’s custodian or set aside in the Fund’s records with a value at least equal to the Fund’s obligation under the option, (ii) entering into an offsetting forward commitment and/or (iii) purchasing an offsetting option or any other option which, by virtue of its exercise price or otherwise, reduces the Fund’s net exposure on its written option position. A written call option on securities is typically covered by maintaining the securities that are subject to the option in a segregated account or by setting them aside in the Fund’s records. A Fund may cover call options on a securities index by owning securities whose price changes are expected to be similar to those of the underlying index.

 

A Fund may terminate its obligations under an exchange traded call or put option by purchasing an option identical to the one it has written. Obligations under over-the-counter options may be terminated only by entering into an offsetting transaction with the counterparty to such option. Such purchases are referred to as “closing purchase transactions.”

 

PURCHASING OPTIONS

 

A Fund would normally purchase call options in anticipation of an increase, or put options in anticipation of a decrease (“protective puts”), in the market value of securities or currencies of the type in which it may invest. A Fund may also sell call and put options to close out its purchased options.

 

The purchase of a call option would entitle a Fund, in return for the premium paid, to purchase specified securities or currency at a specified price during the option period. A Fund would ordinarily realize a gain on the purchase of a call option if, during the option period, the value of such securities or currency exceeded the sum of the exercise price, the premium paid and transaction costs; otherwise the Fund would realize either no gain or a loss on the purchase of the call option.

 

The purchase of a put option would entitle a Fund, in exchange for the premium paid, to sell specified securities or currency at a specified price during the option period. The purchase of protective puts is designed to offset or hedge against a decline in the market value of a Fund’s portfolio securities or the currencies in which they are denominated. Put options may also be purchased by a Fund for the purpose of affirmatively benefiting from a decline in the price of securities or currencies which it does not own. A Fund would ordinarily realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of the underlying securities or currency decreased below the exercise price sufficiently to cover the premium and transaction costs; otherwise the Fund would realize either no gain or a loss on the purchase of the put option. Gains and losses on the purchase of put options may be offset by countervailing changes in the value of a Fund’s portfolio securities.

 

Each Fund’s options transactions will be subject to limitations established by each of the exchanges, boards of trade or other trading facilities on which such options are traded. These limitations govern the maximum number of options in each class which may be written or purchased by a single investor or group of investors acting in concert, regardless of whether the options are written or purchased on the same or different exchanges, boards of trade or other trading facilities or are held or written in one or more accounts or through one or more brokers. Thus, the number of options which a Fund may write or purchase may be affected by options written or purchased by other investment advisory clients of the Subadviser. An exchange, board of trade or other trading facility may order the liquidation of positions found to be in excess of these limits, and it may impose certain other sanctions.

 

 

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Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts   

Harbor Large Cap Value Fund and Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund are not authorized to enter into currency futures contracts and options on such contracts. Harbor International Fund and Harbor International Growth Fund are not authorized to enter into futures contracts on currencies or engage in options transactions with respect to futures contracts for speculative purposes. Harbor Money Market Fund is not authorized to enter into futures contracts or engage in options transactions with respect to futures contracts. Otherwise, to seek to increase total return or hedge against changes in interest rates, securities prices or currency exchange rates, each Fund may purchase and sell various kinds of futures contracts, and purchase and write call and put options on these futures contracts. Each Fund may also enter into closing purchase and sale transactions with respect to any of these contracts and options. The futures contracts may be based on various securities (such as U.S. government securities), securities indices, foreign currencies, commodities and commodity indices and any other financial instruments and indices. All futures contracts entered into by the Funds are traded on U.S. or foreign exchanges or boards of trade that are licensed, regulated or approved by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”).

 

The Funds have claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) and, therefore, are not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA. The Adviser is not deemed to be a “commodity pool operator” with respect to its service as investment adviser to the Funds.

 

FUTURES CONTRACTS

 

A futures contract may generally be described as an agreement between two parties to buy and sell particular financial instruments, currencies, commodities or indices for an agreed price for a designated period (or to deliver the final cash settlement price, in the case of a contract relating to an index or otherwise not calling for physical delivery at the end of trading in the contract). A futures contract on an index is an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of the index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index contract was originally written. Although the value of an index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, no physical delivery of these securities is made. A commodity futures contract is an agreement between two parties, in which one party agrees to buy a commodity, such as an energy, agricultural or metal commodity from the other party at a later date at a price and quantity agreed-upon when the contract is made.

 

Positions taken in the futures markets are not normally held to maturity but are instead liquidated through offsetting transactions (same exchange, underlying security or index, and delivery months) which may result in a profit or a loss. While futures contracts on securities, currency or commodities will usually be liquidated in this manner, a Fund may instead make, or take, delivery of the underlying securities, currency or commodities whenever it appears economically advantageous to do so. A clearing corporation associated with the exchange on which futures contracts are traded guarantees that, if still open, the sale or purchase will be performed on the settlement date. A Fund may suffer losses if it is unable to close out its position because of an illiquid secondary market and there is no assurance that a portfolio manager will be able to close out its position when the portfolio manager considers it appropriate or desirable to do so. In the event of adverse price movements, a Fund may be required to continue making daily cash payments to maintain its required margin. If the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily margin requirements at a time when the portfolio manager would not otherwise elect to do so. In addition, a Fund may be required to deliver or take delivery of instruments underlying futures contracts it holds.

 

With respect to futures contracts that are not legally required to “cash settle,” a Fund may cover the open position by setting aside or earmarking liquid assets in an amount equal to the market value of the futures contract. With respect to futures that are required to “cash settle,” however, a Fund is permitted to set aside or earmark liquid assets in an amount equal to the Fund’s daily marked to market (net) obligation, if any, (in other words, the Fund’s daily net liability, if any) rather than the market value of the futures contract. By setting aside assets equal to only its net obligation under cash-settled futures, a Fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund were required to segregate assets equal to the full market value of the futures contract.

 

HEDGING AND OTHER STRATEGIES

 

Hedging is an attempt to establish with more certainty than would otherwise be possible the effective price or rate of return on portfolio securities or securities that a Fund proposes to acquire or the exchange rate of currencies in which portfolio securities are quoted or denominated. When interest rates are rising or securities prices are falling, a Fund can seek to offset a decline in the value of its current portfolio securities through the sale of futures contracts. When interest rates are falling or securities prices are rising, a Fund, through the purchase of futures contracts, can attempt to secure better rates or prices than might later be available in the market when it effects anticipated purchases. A Fund may seek to offset anticipated changes in the value of a currency in which its portfolio securities, or securities that it intends to purchase, are quoted or denominated by purchasing and selling futures contracts on such currencies.

 

 

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A Fund may, for example, take a “short” position in the futures market by selling futures contracts in an attempt to hedge against an anticipated rise in interest rates or a decline in market prices or foreign currency rates that would adversely affect the dollar value of the Fund’s portfolio securities. Such futures contracts may include contracts for the future delivery of securities held by the Fund or securities with characteristics similar to those of the Fund’s portfolio securities. Similarly, a Fund may sell futures contracts on any currencies in which its portfolio securities are quoted or denominated or in one currency to hedge against fluctuations in the value of securities denominated in a different currency if there is an established historical pattern of correlation between the two currencies.

 

If, in the opinion of the relevant Subadviser, there is a sufficient degree of correlation between price trends for a Fund’s portfolio securities and futures contracts based on other financial instruments, commodities or commodity indices securities indices or other indices, the Fund may also enter into such futures contracts as part of its hedging strategy. Although under some circumstances prices of securities in a Fund’s portfolio may be more or less volatile than prices of such futures contracts, the Subadviser will attempt to estimate the extent of this volatility difference based on historical patterns and compensate for any differential by having the Fund enter into a greater or lesser number of futures contracts or by attempting to achieve only a partial hedge against price changes affecting the Fund’s portfolio securities.

 

When a short hedging position is successful, any depreciation in the value of portfolio securities will be substantially offset by appreciation in the value of the futures position. On the other hand, any unanticipated appreciation in the value of a Fund’s portfolio securities would be substantially offset by a decline in the value of the futures position.

 

On other occasions, a Fund may take a “long” position by purchasing futures contracts. This would be done, for example, when the Fund anticipates the subsequent purchase of particular securities when it has the necessary cash, but expects the prices or currency exchange rates then available in the applicable market to be less favorable than prices that are currently available. A Fund may also purchase futures contracts as a substitute for transactions in securities, commodities or foreign currency, to alter the investment characteristics of or currency exposure associated with portfolio securities or to gain or increase its exposure to a particular securities or commodities market or currency.

 

OPTIONS ON FUTURES CONTRACTS

 

Except as noted above, under the caption “Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts,” each Fund may purchase and write options on futures for the same purposes as its transactions in futures contracts. The purchase of put and call options on futures contracts will give a Fund the right (but not the obligation) for a specified price to sell or to purchase, respectively, the underlying futures contract at any time during the option period. As the purchaser of an option on a futures contract, a Fund obtains the benefit of the futures position if prices move in a favorable direction but limits its risk of loss in the event of an unfavorable price movement to the loss of the premium and transaction costs.

 

The writing of a call option on a futures contract generates a premium which may partially offset a decline in the value of a Fund’s assets. By writing a call option, a Fund becomes obligated, in exchange for the premium (upon exercise of the option) to sell a futures contract if the option is exercised, which may have a value higher than the exercise price. Conversely, the writing of a put option on a futures contract generates a premium which may partially offset an increase in the price of securities that a Fund intends to purchase. However, the Fund becomes obligated (upon exercise of the option) to purchase a futures contract if the option is exercised, which may have a value lower than the exercise price. The loss incurred by a Fund in writing options on futures is potentially unlimited and may exceed the amount of the premium received.

 

The holder or writer of an option on a futures contract may terminate its position by selling or purchasing an offsetting option of the same series. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected. A Fund’s ability to establish and close out positions on such options will be subject to the development and maintenance of a liquid market.

 

OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

 

A Fund will engage in futures and related options transactions either for bona fide hedging purposes or to seek to increase total return as permitted by the CFTC. To the extent that a Fund is using futures and related options for hedging purposes, futures contracts will be sold to protect against a decline in the price of commodities or securities (or the currency in which they are quoted or denominated) that the Fund owns or futures contracts will be purchased to protect the Fund against an increase in the price of commodities or securities (or the currency in which they are quoted or denominated) it intends to purchase. Each Fund will determine that the price fluctuations in the futures contracts and options on futures used for hedging purposes are substantially related to price fluctuations in securities held by the Fund or securities or instruments which it expects to purchase. As evidence of its hedging intent, each

 

 

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Fund except Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund and Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, expects that on 75% or more of the occasions on which it takes a long futures or option position (involving the purchase of futures contracts), the Fund will have purchased, or will be in the process of purchasing, equivalent amounts of related securities or assets denominated in the related currency in the cash market at the time when the futures or option position is closed out. However, in particular cases, when it is economically advantageous for a Fund to do so, a long futures position may be terminated or an option may expire without the corresponding purchase of securities or other assets.

 

Transactions in futures contracts and options on futures involve brokerage costs, require margin deposits and, in the case of contracts and options obligating a Fund to purchase securities, commodities or currencies, require the Fund to maintain with the custodian in a segregated account or to set aside in the Fund’s records cash or liquid securities in an amount equal to the underlying value of such contracts and options.

 

While transactions in futures contracts and options on futures may reduce certain risks, these transactions themselves entail certain other risks. For example, unanticipated changes in interest rates, securities prices or currency exchange rates may result in a poorer overall performance for a Fund than if it had not entered into any futures contracts or options transactions.

 

Perfect correlation between a Fund’s futures positions and portfolio positions will be impossible to achieve. There are no futures contracts based upon individual securities, except certain U.S. government securities. The only futures contracts available to hedge the Funds’ portfolios are various futures on U.S. government securities, securities and commodities indices and foreign currencies. In the event of an imperfect correlation between a futures position and a portfolio position which is intended to be protected, the desired protection may not be obtained and a Fund may be exposed to risk of loss. In addition, it is not possible to hedge fully or protect against currency fluctuations affecting the value of securities denominated in foreign currencies because the value of such securities is likely to fluctuate as a result of independent factors not related to currency fluctuations.

 

Some futures contracts or options on futures may become illiquid under adverse market conditions. In addition, during periods of market volatility, a commodity exchange may suspend or limit trading in a futures contract or related option, which may make the instrument temporarily illiquid and difficult to price. Commodity exchanges may also establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a futures contract or related option can vary from the previous day’s settlement price. Once the daily limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. This may prevent a Fund from closing out positions and limiting its losses.

Risks Associated with Options Transactions   

There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on a domestic or foreign options exchange will exist for any particular exchange-traded option or at any particular time. If a Fund is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction with respect to covered options it has written, the Fund will not be able to sell the underlying securities or currencies or dispose of assets held in a segregated account until the options expire or are exercised.

Similarly, if the Fund is unable to effect a closing sale transaction with respect to options it has purchased, it would have to exercise the options in order to realize any profit and will incur transaction costs upon the purchase or sale of underlying securities or currencies.

 

Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include the following: (i) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; (ii) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (v) the facilities of an exchange or the Options Clearing Corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (vi) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options). If trading were discontinued, the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist. However, outstanding options on that exchange that had been issued by the Options Clearing Corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.

 

A Fund’s ability to terminate over-the-counter options is more limited than with exchange-traded options and may involve the risk that broker-dealers participating in such transactions will not fulfill their obligations. The Subadviser will determine the liquidity of each over-the-counter option in accordance with guidelines adopted by the Trustees.

 

The writing and purchase of options is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The successful use of options depends in part on the Subadviser’s ability to predict future price fluctuations and, for hedging transactions, the degree of correlation between the options and securities or currency markets.

 

 

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Risks Associated with Commodity Futures Contracts   

There are several additional risks associated with transactions in commodity futures contracts.

 

STORAGE RISK

 

Unlike the financial futures markets, in the commodity futures markets there are costs of physical storage associated with purchasing the underlying commodity. The price of the commodity futures contract will reflect the storage costs of purchasing the physical commodity, including the time value of money invested in the physical commodity. To the extent that the storage costs for an underlying commodity change while a Fund is invested in futures contracts on that commodity, the value of the futures contract may change proportionately.

 

REINVESTMENT RISK

 

In the commodity futures markets, producers of the underlying commodity may decide to hedge the price risk of selling the commodity by selling futures contracts today to lock in the price of the commodity at delivery tomorrow. In order to induce speculators to purchase the other side of the same futures contract, the commodity producer generally must sell the futures contract at a lower price than the expected future spot price. Conversely, if most hedgers in the futures market are purchasing futures contracts to hedge against a rise in prices, then speculators will only sell the other side of the futures contract at a higher futures price than the expected future spot price of the commodity. The changing nature of the hedgers and speculators in the commodity markets will influence whether futures prices are above or below the expected future spot price, which can have significant implications for a Fund. If the nature of hedgers and speculators in futures markets has shifted when it is time for a Fund to reinvest the proceeds of a maturing contract in a new futures contract, the Fund might reinvest at higher or lower futures prices, or choose to pursue other investments.

 

OTHER ECONOMIC FACTORS

 

The commodities which underlie commodity futures contracts may be subject to additional economic and non-economic variables, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes, tariffs, and international economic, political and regulatory developments. These factors may have a larger impact on commodity prices and commodity-linked instruments, including futures contracts, than on traditional securities. Certain commodities are also subject to limited pricing flexibility because of supply and demand factors. Others are subject to broad price fluctuations as a result of the volatility of the prices for certain raw materials and the instability of supplies of other materials. These additional variables may create additional investment risks which subject a Fund’s investments to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities.

Hybrid Instruments   

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund and Harbor Real Return Fund may invest in hybrid instruments. A hybrid instrument is a type of potentially high-risk derivative that combines a traditional stock, bond, or commodity with an option or forward contract. Generally, the principal amount, amount payable upon maturity or redemption, or interest rate of a hybrid is tied (positively or negatively) to the price of some commodity, currency or securities index or another interest rate or some other economic factor (each a “benchmark”). The interest rate or (unlike most fixed income securities) the principal amount payable at maturity of a hybrid security may be increased or decreased, depending on changes in the value of the benchmark. An example of a hybrid could be a bond issued by an oil company that pays a small base level of interest with additional interest that accrues in correlation to the extent to which oil prices exceed a certain predetermined level. Such an hybrid instrument would be a combination of a bond and a call option on oil.

 

Hybrids can be used as an efficient means of pursuing a variety of investment goals, including currency hedging, duration management, and increased total return. Hybrids may not bear interest or pay dividends. The value of a hybrid or its interest rate may be a multiple of a benchmark and, as a result, may be leveraged and move (up or down) more steeply and rapidly than the benchmark. These benchmarks may be sensitive to economic and political events, such as commodity shortages and currency devaluations, which cannot be readily foreseen by the purchaser of a hybrid. Under certain conditions, the redemption value of a hybrid could be zero. Thus, an investment in a hybrid may entail significant market risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional, U.S. dollar-denominated bond that has a fixed principal amount and pays a fixed rate or floating rate of interest. The purchase of hybrids also exposes a Fund to the credit risk of the issuer of the hybrids. These risks may cause significant fluctuations in the net asset value of the Fund. Each Fund, except for Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, will not invest more than 5% of its total assets in hybrid instruments.

 

Certain hybrid instruments may provide exposure to the commodities markets. These are derivative securities with one or more commodity-linked components that have payment features similar to commodity futures contracts, commodity options, or similar instruments. Commodity-linked hybrid instruments may be either equity or debt securities, and are considered hybrid instruments because they

 

 

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have both security and commodity-like characteristics. A portion of the value of these instruments may be derived from the value of a commodity, futures contract, index or other economic variable. The Funds will only invest in commodity-linked hybrid instruments that qualify under applicable rules of the CFTC for an exemption from the provisions of the CEA.

 

Certain issuers of structured products such as hybrid instruments may be deemed to be investment companies as defined in the Investment Company Act. As a result, the Funds’ investments in these products may be subject to limits applicable to investments in investment companies and may be subject to restrictions contained in the Investment Company Act.

Foreign Currency Transactions

  

Each Fund, except Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund and Harbor Money Market Fund, may purchase securities denominated in foreign currencies. The value of investments in these securities and the value of dividends and interest earned may be significantly affected by changes in currency exchange rates. Some foreign currency values may be volatile, and there is the possibility of governmental controls on currency exchange or governmental intervention in currency markets, which could adversely affect a Fund. Foreign currency exchange transactions will be conducted either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market, or through entering into forward contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies. Currency positions are not considered to be an investment in a foreign government for industry concentration purposes.

 

Each Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts in order to protect against uncertainty in the level of future foreign currency exchange rates. A forward foreign currency exchange contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days (usually less than one year) from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are traded in the interbank market conducted directly between traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers. A forward contract generally has no deposit requirement, and no commissions are charged at any stage for trades. Although foreign exchange dealers do not charge a fee for conversion, they do realize a profit based on the difference (the spread) between the price at which they are buying and selling various currencies.

 

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund, Harbor Real Return Fund and Harbor Short Duration Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts for non-hedging purposes.

 

A Fund may enter into a contract for the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency to “lock in” the U.S. dollar price of the security. By entering into a forward contract for the purchase or sale, for a fixed amount of U.S. dollars, of the amount of foreign currency involved in the underlying security transactions, the Fund will be able to protect itself against a possible loss. Such loss would result from an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and the foreign currency during the period between the date on which the security is purchased or sold and the date on which payment is made or received.

 

When a Subadviser believes that the currency of a particular foreign country may suffer a substantial decline against the U.S. dollar, it may also enter into a forward contract to sell the amount of foreign currency for a fixed amount of dollars which approximates the value of some or all of the relevant Fund’s portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. The precise matching of the forward contract amounts and the value of the securities involved will not generally be possible, since the future value of such securities in foreign currencies will change as a consequence of market movements in the value of those securities between the date the forward contract is entered into and the date it matures.

 

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund, Harbor Real Return Fund and Harbor Short Duration Fund may engage in cross-hedging by using foreign contracts in one currency to hedge against fluctuations in the value of securities denominated in a different currency if the Fund’s Subadviser determines that there is a pattern of correlation between the two currencies. These practices may be limited by the requirements for qualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company for tax purposes. Each of Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund, Harbor Real Return Fund and Harbor Short Duration Fund may also purchase and sell forward contracts for non-hedging purposes when its Subadviser anticipates that the foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value, but securities in that currency do not present attractive investment opportunities and are not held in the Fund’s portfolio.

 

When a Fund enters into foreign currency exchange contracts for hedging purposes, it will not enter into forward contracts to sell currency or maintain a net exposure to such contracts if their consummation would obligate the Fund to deliver an amount of foreign currency in excess of the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities or other assets denominated in that currency. At the consummation of the forward contract, the Fund may either make delivery of the foreign currency or terminate its contractual obligation to deliver by purchasing an offsetting contract obligating it to purchase the same amount of such foreign currency at the same maturity date. If the Fund chooses to make delivery of the foreign

 

 

   26   

 

     


INVESTMENT POLICIES

 

 

 

  

currency, it may be required to obtain such currency through the sale of portfolio securities denominated in such currency or through conversion of other assets of the Fund into such currency. If the Fund engages in an offsetting transaction, it will incur a gain or a loss to the extent that there has been a change in forward contract prices. Closing purchase transactions with respect to forward contracts are usually made with the currency trader who is a party to the original forward contract.

 

A Fund will only enter transactions in forward contracts when deemed appropriate by its Subadviser. The Funds generally will not enter into a forward contract with a term of greater than one year. Each Fund may experience delays in the settlement of its foreign currency transactions.

 

A Fund will place cash which is not available for investment, or liquid securities (denominated in the foreign currency subject to the forward contract) in a separate account or will set aside that cash in the Fund’s records. The amounts in such separate account or set aside will equal the value of the Fund’s total assets which are committed to the consummation of foreign currency exchange contracts entered into as a hedge against a decline in the value of a particular foreign currency. If the value of the securities placed in the separate account declines, the Fund will place in the account or will set aside additional cash or securities on a daily basis so that the value of the account or amount set aside will equal the amount of the Fund’s commitments with respect to such contracts.

 

Using forward contracts to protect the value of a Fund’s portfolio securities against a decline in the value of a currency does not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of the securities. It simply establishes a rate of exchange which can be achieved at some future point in time. The precise projection of short-term currency market movements is not possible, and short-term hedging provides a means of fixing the dollar value of only a portion of a Fund’s foreign assets.

 

While a Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts to reduce currency exchange rate risks, transactions in such contracts involve certain other risks. Unanticipated changes in currency prices may result in a poorer overall performance for the Fund than if it had not engaged in any such transactions. Certain strategies could minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged foreign currency, but they could also limit any potential gain which might result from an increase in the value of the currency. Moreover, there may be imperfect correlation between a Fund’s portfolio holdings of securities denominated in a particular currency and forward contracts entered into by the Fund. Such imperfect correlation may cause a Fund to sustain losses which will prevent the Fund from achieving a complete hedge or expose the Fund to risk of foreign exchange loss.

 

An issuer of fixed income securities purchased by Harbor Bond Fund, Harbor Real Return Fund, Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund or Harbor Short Duration Fund may be domiciled in a country other than the country in whose currency the instrument is denominated. The Fund may also invest in debt securities denominated in the European Currency Unit (“ECU”), which is a “basket” consisting of a specified amount, in the currencies of certain of the member states of the European Community. The specific amounts of currencies comprising the ECU may be adjusted by the Council of Ministers of the European Community from time to time to reflect changes in relative values of the underlying currencies. In addition, the Fund may invest in securities denominated in other currency “baskets.”

 

A Fund’s activities in foreign currency contracts, currency futures contracts and related options and currency options may be limited by the requirements of Subchapter M of the Code for qualification as a regulated investment company.

Investments in Other Investment Companies   

Each Fund (other than the Target Retirement Funds) is permitted to invest up to 10% of its assets in securities of other investment companies and up to 5% of its assets in any one other investment company as long as that investment does not represent more than 3% of the total voting stock of the acquired investment company. There is no limit on the amount the Target Retirement Funds may own of the total outstanding voting securities of the other series of the Harbor Funds. The Target Retirement Funds, in accordance with their prospectus, may invest more than 5% of their total assets in any one or more of the Harbor Funds. The Target Retirement Funds may invest more than 10% of their total assets in other series of the Harbor Funds. Securities of other investment companies, including shares of closed-end investment companies, unit investment trusts and open-end investment companies, represent interests in professionally managed portfolios that may invest in any type of security. These investment companies often seek to perform in a similar fashion to a broad based securities index. Investing in other investment companies involves substantially the same risks as investing directly in the underlying securities, but may involve additional expenses at the investment company level, such as portfolio management fees and operating expenses. In addition, these types of investments involve the risk that they will not perform in exactly the same fashion, or in response to the same factors, as the index or underlying instruments. Certain types of investment companies, such as closed-end investment companies and exchange traded funds (commonly known as “ETFs”), issue a fixed number of shares that trade on a stock exchange or over-the-counter at a premium or a discount to their net asset value. Others are continuously offered at net asset value, but may also be traded in the secondary market. iShares and Standard & Poor’s Depositary Receipts (“SPDRs”) are forms of ETFs.

 

The Target Retirement Funds may invest in two or more series of Harbor Funds that do not make

 

 

   27   

 

     


INVESTMENT POLICIES

 

 

 

 

consistent investment decisions. One series may buy the same security that another series is selling. An investor in a Target Retirement Fund would indirectly bear the costs of both trades without achieving any investment purpose. Conversely, the Target Retirement Funds may invest in two or more series of Harbor Funds that hold common portfolio positions, reducing the diversification benefits of an asset allocation style.

Swaps, Caps, Floors and Collars

 

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund, Harbor Real Return Fund and Harbor Short Duration Fund may enter into swaps (including currency swaps, mortgage swaps, total return swaps, security or commodity index swaps, security or commodity swaps, and interest rate swaps), caps, floors, and collars for hedging purposes or to seek to increase total return. For purposes of applying the Fund’s investment policies and restrictions swap agreements are generally valued by the Funds at market value. In the case of a credit default swap sold by a Fund (i.e., where the Fund is selling credit default protection), however, the Fund will value the credit default swap at its notional amount in applying certain of the Fund’s investment policies and restrictions but may value the credit default swap at market value for purposes of applying certain of the Fund’s other investment policies and restrictions. The manner in which certain securities or other instruments are valued by the Funds for purposes of applying investment policies and restrictions may differ from the manner in which those investments are valued by other types of investors.

 

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund may invest in commodity swap agreements. For example, an investment in a commodity swap agreement may involve the exchange of floating-rate interest payments for the total return on a commodity index. In a total return commodity swap, the Fund will receive the price appreciation of a commodity index, a portion of the index, or a single commodity in exchange for paying an agreed-upon fee. If the commodity swap is for one period, the Fund may pay a fixed fee, established at the outset of the swap. However, if the term of the commodity swap is more than one period, with interim swap payments, the Fund may pay an adjustable or floating fee. With a “floating” rate, the fee may be pegged to a base rate, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate, and is adjusted each period. Therefore, if interest rates increase over the term of the swap contract, the Fund may be required to pay a higher fee at each swap reset date.

 

These Funds may from time to time combine swaps with options. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by a Fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest, such as an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments. Mortgage swaps are similar to interest rate swaps in that they represent commitments to pay and receive interest. The notional principal amount, however, is tied to a reference pool or pools of mortgages. Currency swaps involve the exchange of their respective rights to make or receive payments in specified currencies. The purchase of an interest rate cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds a predetermined interest rate, to receive payment of interest on a notional principal amount from the party selling such interest rate cap. The purchase of an interest rate floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on a notional principal amount from the party selling the interest rate floor.

 

These Funds will enter into interest rate and mortgage swaps only on a net basis, which means that the two payment streams are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. Interest rate and mortgage swaps do not involve the delivery of securities, other underlying assets or principal.

 

Accordingly, the risk of loss with respect to interest rate and mortgage swaps is limited to the net amount of interest payments that the Fund is contractually obligated to make. If the other party to an interest rate or mortgage swap defaults, the Fund’s risk of loss consists of the net amount of interest payments that the Fund is contractually entitled to receive. In contrast, currency swaps usually involve the delivery of a gross payment stream in one designated currency in exchange for the gross payment stream in another designated currency. Therefore, the entire payment stream under a currency swap is subject to the risk that the other party to the swap will default on its contractual delivery obligations. To the extent that the net amount payable by the Fund under an interest rate or mortgage swap and the entire amount of the payment stream payable by the Fund under a currency swap or an interest rate floor, cap or collar are held in a segregated account consisting of or are set aside in the Fund’s records in the form of cash or liquid assets, the Fund and the Subadviser believe that swaps do not constitute senior securities under the Investment Company Act and, accordingly, will not treat them as being subject to the Fund’s borrowing restriction.

 

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund, Harbor Real Return Fund and Harbor Short Duration Fund will only enter into currency swap, interest rate swap, mortgage swap, cap or floor transactions with counterparties to such transactions that meet the minimum credit quality requirements applicable to the respective Fund generally and meets any other appropriate counterparty criteria as determined by the Fund’s Subadviser. The minimum credit quality requirements are those applicable to a Fund’s purchase of securities generally such that if the Fund is permitted to only purchase securities which are rated investment grade (or the equivalent if

 

 

   28   

 

     


INVESTMENT POLICIES

 

 

 

 

unrated), the Fund could only enter into one of the above referenced transactions with counterparties that have debt outstanding that is rated investment grade (or the equivalent if unrated).

 

Each equity Fund may enter into swap transactions for the purpose of achieving the approximate economic equivalent of a purchase or sale of foreign equity securities (to the extent the investment policies for such fund otherwise permits it to purchase foreign equity securities) when the Fund is not able to purchase or sell foreign equity securities directly because of administrative or other similar restrictions, such as the need to establish an account with a local sub-custodian prior to purchase or sale, applicable to U.S. mutual funds in that local market. A swap transaction for the purpose of achieving the approximate economic equivalent of a purchase or sale of foreign equity securities means the counterparty would be obligated to pay the Fund a return based on the market price of the foreign equity security and the Fund would be obligated to pay the counterparty a return based upon a fixed or floating interest rate. As used above, “sale” means a sale to close out the purchase of a foreign equity security through a swap transaction as opposed to a short sale.

 

Certain swap agreements are exempt from most provisions of the CEA and, therefore, are not regulated as futures or commodity option transactions under the CEA, pursuant to regulations approved by the CFTC. To qualify for this exemption, a swap agreement must be entered into by “eligible participants,” which includes the following, provided the participants’ total assets exceed established levels: a bank or trust company, savings association or credit union, insurance company, investment company subject to regulation under the Investment Company Act, commodity pool, corporation, partnership, proprietorship, organization, trust or other entity, employee benefit plan, governmental entity, broker-dealer, futures commission merchant, natural person, or regulated foreign person. To be eligible, natural persons and most other entities must have total assets exceeding $10 million; commodity pools and employee benefit plans must have assets exceeding $5 million. In addition, an eligible swap transaction must meet three conditions. First, the swap agreement may not be part of a fungible class of agreements that are standardized as to their material economic terms. Second, the creditworthiness of parties with actual or potential obligations under the swap agreement must be a material consideration in entering into or determining the terms of the swap agreement, including pricing, cost or credit enhancement terms. Third, swap agreements may not be entered into and traded on or through a multilateral transaction execution facility.

 

This exemption is not exclusive, and participants may continue to rely on existing exclusions for swaps, such as the Policy Statement issued in July 1989 which recognized a safe harbor for swap transactions from regulation as futures or commodity option transactions under the CEA or its regulations. The Policy Statement applies to swap transactions settled in cash that (1) have individually tailored terms, (2) lack exchange-style offset and the use of a clearing organization or margin system, (3) are undertaken in conjunction with a line of business, and (4) are not marketed to the public.

Credit Default Swaps

 

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund, Harbor Real Return Fund and Harbor Short Duration Fund may enter into credit default swap agreements. The “buyer” in a credit default contract is obligated to pay the “seller” a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default on an underlying reference obligation has occurred. If an event of default occurs, the seller must pay the buyer the full notional value, or “par value,” of the reference obligation in exchange for the reference obligation. A Fund may be either the buyer or seller in a credit default swap transaction. If a Fund is a buyer and no event of default occurs, the Fund will lose its investment and recover nothing. However, if an event of default occurs, the Fund (if the buyer) will receive the full notional value of the reference obligation that may have little or no value. As a seller, a Fund receives a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the contract, which typically is between six months and three years, provided that there is no default event. If an event of default occurs, the seller must pay the buyer the full notional value of the reference obligation. Credit default swap transactions involve greater risks than if a Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly.

Investments in Wholly-Owned Subsidiary  

Investments by Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund in the Subsidiary are expected to provide the Fund with exposure to the commodity markets within the limitations of the Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code and recent IRS revenue rulings, as discussed below under “Tax Information”. The Subsidiary is a company organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and is overseen by its own board of directors. The Fund is the sole shareholder of the Subsidiary, and it is not currently expected that shares of the Subsidiary will be sold or offered to other investors.

 

It is expected that the Subsidiary will invest primarily in commodity-linked derivative instruments, including swap agreements, commodity options, futures and options on futures. Although the Fund may enter into these commodity-linked derivative instruments directly, subject to certain limitations, the Fund likely will gain exposure to these derivative instruments indirectly by investing in the Subsidiary. To the extent that the Fund’s Subadviser believes that these commodity-linked derivative instruments are better suited to provide exposure to the commodities market then commodity index-linked notes, the

 

 

   29   

 

     


INVESTMENT POLICIES

 

 

 

 

Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary will likely increase. The Subsidiary also will invest in inflation-indexed securities and other fixed income instruments, which are intended to serve as margin or collateral for the Subsidiary’s derivatives position. To the extent that the Fund invests in the Subsidiary, it may be subject to the risks associated with those derivative instruments and other securities, which are discussed elsewhere in the applicable Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information.

 

While the Subsidiary may be considered similar to an investment company, it is not registered under the Investment Company Act and, unless otherwise noted in the applicable Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information, is not subject to all of the investor protections of the Investment Company Act and other U.S. regulations. Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands could result in the inability of the Fund and/or the Subsidiary to operate as described in the applicable Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information and could negatively affect the Fund and its shareholders.

 

 

   30   

 

     


INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

 

 

 

Fundamental Investment Restrictions

 

 

The following restrictions may not be changed with respect to any Fund without the approval of the majority of outstanding voting securities of that Fund (which, under the Investment Company Act and the rules thereunder and as used in the Prospectuses and this Statement of Additional Information, means the lesser of (1) 67% of the shares of that Fund present at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of that Fund are present in person or by proxy, or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of that Fund.) Investment restrictions that involve a maximum percentage of securities or assets shall not be considered to be violated unless an excess over the percentage occurs immediately after, and is caused by, an acquisition or encumbrance of securities or assets of, or borrowings by or on behalf of, a Fund with the exception of borrowings permitted by Investment Restriction (2) listed below.

 

A Fund may not:

 

(1)     with respect to 75% (50% for each of Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund and Harbor Real Return Fund) of the total assets of the Fund, purchase the securities of any issuer if such purchase would cause more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets (taken at market value) to be invested in the securities of such issuer, or purchase securities of any issuer if such purchase would cause more than 10% of the total voting securities of such issuer to be held by the Fund, except obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities and with respect to the Target Retirement Funds, shares of other investment companies;

 

(2)     borrow money, except (a) the Fund may borrow from banks (as defined in the Investment Company Act) or through reverse repurchase agreements in amounts up to 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed), (b) the Fund may, to the extent permitted by applicable law, borrow up to an additional 5% of its total assets for temporary purposes, (c) the Fund may obtain such credit as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities, and (d) the Fund may engage in transactions in mortgage dollar rolls which are accounted for as financings. Harbor Money Market Fund is not permitted to invest in reverse repurchase agreements and mortgage dollar rolls accounted for as financings;

 

(3)     act as underwriter of the securities issued by others, except to the extent that the purchase of securities in accordance with a Fund’s investment objective and policies directly from the issuer thereof and the later disposition thereof may be deemed to be underwriting;

 

(4)     invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry (excluding the U.S. Government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities). Harbor Money Market Fund may invest more than 25% of its total assets in the securities of banks and bank holding companies, including certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances (provided that investments in other investment companies shall not be considered an investment in any particular industry for purposes of this investment limitation);

 

(5)     issue senior securities, except as permitted under the Investment Company Act, and except that Harbor Funds may issue shares of beneficial interest in multiple series or classes;

 

(6)     purchase, hold or deal in real estate, although the Fund may purchase and sell securities that are secured by real estate or interests therein, securities of real estate investment trusts and mortgage-related securities and may hold and sell real estate acquired by the Fund as a result of the ownership of securities;

 

(7)     (except for Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund and Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund), invest in commodities or commodity contracts, except that a Fund may invest in currency and financial instruments and contracts that are commodities or commodity contracts which are not deemed to be prohibited commodities or commodities contracts for the purpose of this restriction. Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund and Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund may not purchase or sell physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments; provided that this restriction shall not prohibit the Fund from purchasing or selling options, futures contracts and related options thereon, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and any other financial instruments or from investing in securities or other instruments backed by physical commodities or as otherwise permitted by (i) the Investment Company Act, as amended from time to time, (ii) the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC under the Investment Company Act, as amended from time to time, or (iii) an exemption or other relief applicable to the Fund from the provisions of the Investment Company Act, as amended from time to time; or

 

(8)     make loans to other persons, except loans of portfolio securities and except to the extent that the purchase of debt obligations and the entry into repurchase agreements in accordance with such Fund’s investment objectives and policies may be deemed to be loans.

 

Notwithstanding the investment policies and restrictions of a Fund, a Fund may invest its assets in an open-end management investment company with substantially the same investment objective, policies

 

 

   31   

 

     


INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

 

 

 

 

and restrictions as the Fund.

 

For purposes of fundamental investment restriction no. 4, telephone companies are considered to be in a separate industry from water, gas or electric utilities; personal credit finance companies and business credit finance companies are deemed to be in separate industries; banks and insurance companies are deemed to be in separate industries; wholly owned finance companies are considered to be in the industry of their parents if their activities are primarily related to financing the activities of their parents; and privately issued mortgage-backed securities collateralized by mortgages insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities do not represent interests in any industry.

 

For purposes of fundamental investment restriction no. 7, the Funds interpret their policy with respect to the investment in commodities or commodity contracts to permit the Funds, subject to the Funds’ investment objectives and general investment policies (as stated in the Funds’ Prospectuses and elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information), to invest in commodity futures contracts and options thereon, commodity-related swap agreements, hybrid instruments, and other commodity-related derivative instruments.

 

There is no limit on the amount the Target Retirement Funds may own of the total outstanding voting securities of the other series of the Harbor Funds. The Target Retirement Funds, in accordance with their prospectus, may invest more than 5% of their total assets in any one or more of the Harbor Funds. The Target Retirement Funds may invest more than 10% of their total assets in other series of the Harbor Funds.

 

From time to time, a Fund may voluntarily participate in actions (for example, rights offerings, conversion privileges, exchange offers, credit event settlements, etc.) where the issuer or counterparty offers securities or instruments to holders or counterparties, such as a Fund, and the acquisition is determined to be beneficial to Fund shareholders ("Voluntary Action"). Notwithstanding any percentage investment limitation listed above or any percentage investment limitation of the Investment Company Act or rules thereunder, if a Fund has the opportunity to acquire a permitted security or instrument through a Voluntary Action, and the Fund will exceed a percentage investment limitation following the acquisition, it will not constitute a violation if, prior to the receipt of the securities or instruments and after announcement of the offering, the Fund sells an offsetting amount of assets that are subject to the investment limitation in question at least equal to the value of the securities or instruments to be acquired. Unless otherwise indicated, all percentage limitations on Fund investments (as stated throughout this Statement of Additional Information or in the Prospectuses) that are not (i) specifically included in the above section or (ii) imposed by the Investment Company Act, rules thereunder, the Internal Revenue Code or related regulations (the "Elective Investment Restrictions"), will apply only at the time a transaction is entered into unless the transaction is a Voluntary Action. In addition and notwithstanding the foregoing, for purposes of this policy, certain Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions, as noted below, are also considered Elective Investment Restrictions. The percentage limitations and absolute prohibitions with respect to Elective Investment Restrictions are not applicable to a Fund’s acquisition of securities or instruments through a Voluntary Action.

Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions  

In addition to the investment restrictions and policies mentioned above, the Trustees of Harbor Funds have voluntarily adopted the following policies and restrictions which are observed in the conduct of the affairs of the Funds. These represent intentions of the Trustees based upon current circumstances. They differ from fundamental investment policies because they may be changed or amended by action of the Trustees without prior notice to or approval of shareholders. Accordingly, a Fund may not:

 

(a)     purchase securities on margin, except for use of short-term credit necessary for clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities, but it may make margin deposits in connection with covered transactions in options, futures, options on futures and short positions. For purposes of this restriction, the posting of margin deposits or other forms of collateral in connection with swap agreements is not considered purchasing securities on margin;

 

(b)     make short sales of securities, except as permitted under the Investment Company Act;

 

(c)     (except for Harbor Global Growth Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund and the Target Retirement Funds) purchase or sell any put or call options or any combination thereof, except that a Fund may (i) purchase and sell or write options on any futures contracts into which it may enter, (ii) purchase put and call options on securities, on securities indexes and on currencies, (iii) write covered put and call options on securities, securities indices and on currencies, and (iv) engage in closing purchase transactions with respect to any put or call option purchased or written by a Fund, provided that the aggregate value of premiums paid by the Fund for all of such options shall not exceed 20% of that Fund’s net assets;

 

(d)     (except for Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund and the Target Retirement Funds) acquire put and call options with a market value exceeding 5% of the value of a Fund’s total assets;

 

(e)     invest more than 15% (10% in the case of Harbor Money Market Fund) of the Fund’s net assets in

 

 

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INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

 

 

 

 

illiquid investments; or

 

(f)     invest in other companies for the purpose of exercising control or management.

 

 

   33   

 

     


TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

 

 

The business and affairs of the Trust shall be managed by or under the direction of the Trustees, and they shall have all powers necessary or desirable to carry out that responsibility. The Trustees shall have full power and authority to take or refrain from taking any action and to execute any contracts and instruments that they may consider necessary or desirable in the management of the Trust. Any determination made by the Trustees in good faith as to what is in the interests of the Trust shall be conclusive. Information pertaining to the Trustees and Officers of Harbor Funds is set forth below. Except as noted, the address of each Trustee and Officer is 111 South Wacker Drive, 34th Floor, Chicago, IL 60606-4302.

 

Name (Age)

Position(s) with Fund

Address

  Term of
Office and
Length of
Time
Served1
 

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past Five Years

  Number of
Portfolios
In Fund
Complex
Overseen
By Trustee
  Other Directorships
Of Public Companies
Held by Trustee
During Past Five
Years
INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES

Raymond J. Ball (65)

Trustee
University of Chicago
Booth School of Business
5807 South Woodlawn Avenue
Chicago, IL 60637

  Since 2006  

Sidney Davidson Professor of Accounting, University of Chicago Booth School of Business (2000-Present); Advisor, Sensory Networks (computer security firm) (2001-2006); Academic Affiliate, Analysis Group (litigation consulting firm) (2000-Present); and Professor, European Institute of Advanced Studies in Management (1998-Present).

  28   None

Howard P. Colhoun (74)

Trustee
14114 Mantua Mill Road
Glyndon, MD 21071

  Since 1986  

Retired. General Partner, Emerging Growth Partners, L.P. (investing in small companies) (1982-1997); Director, Storage U.S.A. (1994-2002); and Vice President and Director of Mutual Funds, T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (prior to 1982).

  28   None

John P. Gould (71)

Trustee
University of Chicago
Booth School of Business
5807 South Woodlawn Avenue
Chicago, IL 60637

  Since 1994  

Steven G. Rothmeier Professor (1996-Present) and Distinguished Service Professor of Economics, University of Chicago Booth School of Business (1984-Present, on faculty since 1965); Trustee of Milwaukee Insurance (1997-Present); and Director of Unext.com (Internet based education company) (1999-2006).

  28  

Independent
Trustee of
Dimensional
Fund
Advisors
family of
mutual
funds

(1986-
Present).

Rodger F. Smith (69)

Trustee
6 High Ridge Park
Stamford, CT 06905

  Since 1987  

Managing Director, Greenwich Associates (a research based consulting firm) (1976-Present); Director of Arlington Capital Management (CI) Limited (investment advisory firm) (1992-Present); and Chair of Trust Advisory Committee of Tau Beta Pi Association (engineering honor society) (1985-Present).

  28   None
INTERESTED TRUSTEE

David G. Van Hooser (63)*

Chairman, Trustee and President

  Since 2000  

President (2002-Present), Director and Chairman of the Board (2000-Present), Harbor Capital Advisors, Inc.; Chief Executive Officer and Treasurer (2007-Present), President (2003-2007) and Director (2000-Present), Harbor Funds Distributors, Inc.; and Director, Harbor Services Group, Inc. (2000-Present).

  28   None
FUND OFFICERS NOT LISTED ABOVE**

Charles F. McCain (40)

Chief Compliance Officer

  Since 2004  

Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer (2004-Present), Harbor Capital Advisors, Inc.; Director (2007-Present) and Chief Compliance Officer (2004-Present) Harbor Services Group, Inc.; and Director, Executive Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (2007-Present), Harbor Funds Distributors Inc.

Anmarie S. Kolinski (38)

Treasurer

  Since 2007  

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (2007-Present), Vice President – Internal Audit (2005-2007), Harbor Capital Advisors, Inc.; Chief Financial Officer (2007-Present), Harbor Services Group, Inc., and Audit Senior Manager (2002-2005), Ernst & Young LLP.

Erik D. Ojala (35)

Vice President and Secretary

  Since 2007  

Senior Vice President and Associate General Counsel (2007-Present), Harbor Capital Advisors, Inc.; Vice President and Assistant General Counsel (2003-2007), Corporate Secretary (2006-2007) and Compliance Officer (2003-2004), Ariel Investments, LLC; and Vice President and Secretary (2003-2007), Ariel Investment Trust (mutual funds).

Brian L. Collins (41)

Vice President

  Since 2005  

Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer (2004-Present), Harbor Capital Advisors, Inc.

Charles P. Ragusa (50)

Vice President

  Since 2007  

Executive Vice President (2007-Present), Harbor Capital Advisors, Inc.; President (2007-Present), Harbor Services Group, Inc.; Executive Vice President and AML Compliance Officer (2007-Present), Harbor Funds Distributors, Inc.; Vice President, Mutual Fund Operations (2005-2007) Boston Financial Data Services, Inc.; and Senior Vice President (2002-2005), IXIS Asset Management Services Co.

Jodie L. Crotteau (37)

Assistant Secretary and

AML Compliance Officer

  Since 2005  

Vice President, Secretary and Compliance Director (2007-Present), Assistant Secretary (2005-2007), Compliance Manager (2005-2006), and Regulatory Compliance Specialist (2004-2005), Harbor Capital Advisors, Inc.; Assistant Secretary (2005-Present), Harbor Services Group, Inc.; and Assistant Secretary (2007-Present), Harbor Funds Distributors, Inc.

Susan A. DeRoche (57)

Assistant Secretary
33 Arch Street, Suite 2001
Boston, MA 02110

  Since 2006  

Vice President and Compliance Director (2007-Present), Assistant Secretary (2006-Present) and Compliance Manager (2006), Harbor Capital Advisors, Inc.; Secretary (2007-Present) Harbor Funds Distributors, Inc.; and Securities Specialist (1981-2006), Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP (law firm).

Additional Information About the Trustees  

The following sets forth information about each Trustee’s specific experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills that serve as the basis for the person’s continued service on the Board. These encompass a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, their financial and investment experience, academic background, willingness to devote the time and attention needed to serve as Trustees, and past experience as Trustees of the Trust, other investment companies, operating companies or other types of entities. No

 

1

Each Trustee serves for an indefinite term, until his successor is elected. Each officer is elected annually.

* Mr. Van Hooser is deemed an “Interested Trustee” due to his affiliation with the Adviser and Distributor of Harbor Funds.
** Officers of the Funds are “interested persons” as defined in the Investment Company Act.

 

 

   34   

 

     


TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

 

 

 

  

one factor is controlling, either with respect to the group or any individual. As discussed further below, the evaluation of the qualities and ultimate selection of persons to serve as Independent Trustees is the responsibility of the Trust’s Nominating Committee, consisting solely of Independent Trustees. The inclusion of a particular factor below does not constitute an assertion by the Board of Trustees or any individual Trustee that a Trustee has any special expertise that would impose any greater responsibility or liability on such Trustee than would exist otherwise.

 

Raymond J. Ball. Mr. Ball is a Professor of Accounting at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, and a frequent lecturer and researcher on accounting, financial market and related business issues. He has served on the Financial Accounting Standards Advisory Council of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the Shadow Financial Regulation Committee. He serves on the Financial Reporting Faculty Advisory Group of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, and from time to time as an expert witness and litigation consultant with respect to accounting, economic and financial market issues. As such, he is knowledgeable with respect to accounting and other financial matters. Mr. Ball is also the Board’s “audit committee financial expert” and has served as a Trustee since 2006.

 

Howard P. Colhoun. Mr. Colhoun was formerly the Vice President and Director of Mutual Funds for T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. He also serves as trustee or advisor to a number of charitable foundations regarding the engagement of money managers. As a result, he has significant experience with respect to investment companies and investment managers. He has served as a Trustee since 1986.

 

John P. Gould. Mr. Gould is a Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and as such is knowledgeable with respect to financial and business matters. He has served as a Trustee since 1994, and also has additional investment company board experience from his service as a trustee of the Dimensional Fund Advisors family of mutual funds since 1986. He also served on the boards of the First Prairie family of funds from 1985 to 1996 and then on the successor Pegasus Funds board from 1996 to 1999, serving as chairman of the Pegasus Funds board from 1997 to 1999.

 

Rodger F. Smith. Mr. Smith is Managing Director of Greenwich Associates, a research-based consulting firm with a focus on the investment management industry, investment managers and, in particular, industry trends with respect to investment management. As such, he has significant experience in the investment management area. Mr. Smith has served as a Trustee since 1987.

 

David G. Van Hooser. Mr. Van Hooser is President, Director and Chairman of the Board of the Trust and of the Adviser, and as such has substantial experience with respect to operating mutual funds and selecting money managers. He had previously served in a variety of positions at Owens-Illinois, Inc., including Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. During his time with Owens-Illinois he was involved in multiple equity and debt offerings and was directly responsible for, or participated in, numerous acquisitions and divestitures in developed and emerging markets. He has served as a Trustee since 2000.

Board Leadership Structure

  

As indicated above, the business and affairs of the Trust shall be managed by or under the direction of the Trustees. The Trustees have delegated day-to-day management of the affairs of the Trust to the Adviser, subject to the Trustees’ oversight. The Board of Trustees is currently comprised of five Trustees, four of whom are Independent Trustees. All Independent Trustees serve on the audit committee and nominating committee, as discussed below. The Chairman of the Board of Trustees is an Interested Trustee. The Independent Trustees have determined not to appoint a lead Independent Trustee, given the small size of the Board, its non-hierarchical operating practice, the ability of each Independent Trustee to review and comment upon advance drafts of Board meeting agendas and the high and generally equivalent level of engagement and participation demonstrated by and expected of all Independent Trustees. The Trustees believe that this leadership structure is appropriate given, among other things, the size and number of funds offered by the Trust, the size and committee structure of the Board of Trustees, the Independent Trustees’ access to management and the active and engaged role played by each Trustee with respect to oversight responsibilities.

Board Committees

  

Messrs. Ball, Colhoun, Gould and Smith serve on the audit committee and the nominating committee. The functions of the audit committee include recommending an independent registered public accounting firm to the Trustees, monitoring the independent registered public accounting firms’ performance, reviewing the results of audits and responding to certain other matters deemed appropriate by the Trustees. The nominating committee is responsible for the selection and nomination of candidates to serve as Independent Trustees. The nominating committee will also consider nominees recommended by shareholders to serve as Trustees provided that shareholders submit such recommendations in writing within a reasonable time before any meeting. The valuation committee is comprised of David G. Van Hooser, Charles F. McCain, Brian L. Collins, Anmarie S. Kolinski, Erik D. Ojala, Jodie L. Crotteau and Linda M. Molenda. The functions of the valuation committee include evaluating the liquidity of certain portfolio securities and determining the fair value of portfolio securities when necessary.

 

During the most recently completed fiscal year for Harbor Funds, the Board of Trustees held 12 meetings, the valuation committee held 285 meetings, the audit committee held 1 meeting and the nominating

 

 

   35   

 

     


TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

 

 

 

 

committee did not hold any meetings. All of the current Trustees and committee members then serving attended 100% of the meetings of the Board of Trustees and applicable committees, if any, held during Harbor Funds’ most recently completed fiscal year. The Board of Trustees does not have a compensation committee.

Risk Oversight

 

The Board considers its role with respect to risk management to be one of oversight rather than active management. The Trust faces a number of types of risks, including investment risk, legal and compliance risk, operational risk (including business continuity risk), reputational and business risk. The Board recognizes that not all risks potentially affecting the Trust can be identified in advance, and that it may not be possible or practicable to eliminate certain identifiable risks. As part of the Trustees’ oversight responsibilities, the Trustees generally oversee the Funds’ risk management polices and processes as these are formulated and implemented by the Trust’s management. These policies and processes seek to identify relevant risks and, where practicable, lessen the possibility of their occurrence and/or mitigate the impact of such risks if they were to occur. Various parties, including management of the Trust, the Trust’s independent registered public accountants and other service providers provide regular reports to the Board on various operations of the Trust and related risks and their management. In particular, the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer regularly reports to the Trustees with respect to legal and compliance risk management, the Chief Financial Officer reports on financial operations, and a variety of other management personnel report on other risk management areas, including the operations of certain affiliated and unaffiliated service providers to the Trust. The audit committee maintains an open and active communication channel with both the Trust’s personnel and its independent auditor, largely but not exclusively through its chair.

Trustee Compensation

As of October 31, 2009

 

Name of Person, Position

   Aggregate
Compensation
From Harbor
Funds
   Pension or
Retirement
Benefits
Accrued

As Part of
Fund

Expenses
   Total
Compensation
From Harbor
Funds

Paid to
Trustees
          
  David G. Van Hooser, Chairman, President and Trustee      -0-    -0-      -0-
  Raymond J. Ball, Trustee*    $ 125,000    -0-    $ 125,000
  Howard P. Colhoun, Trustee    $ 115,000    -0-    $ 115,000
  John P. Gould, Trustee    $ 115,000    -0-    $ 115,000
  Rodger F. Smith, Trustee    $ 115,000    -0-    $ 115,000
 

 

*   In consideration of his service as chairman of the Trust’s Audit Committee, Mr. Ball receives $10,000 in addition to the compensation payable to each other Independent Trustee. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009, Mr. Ball elected to defer all of his compensation, except that attributable to Harbor Money Market Fund, pursuant to the Harbor Funds Deferred Compensation Plan for Independent Trustees. As of October 31, 2009, the total value of Mr. Ball’s account under that plan was $322,000.

Trustee Ownership of Fund Shares

(All ownership is in the Institutional Class shares)

 

As of February 26, 2010, the Trustees and Officers of Harbor Funds as a group owned more than 1% of the outstanding shares of beneficial interest of Harbor Small Company Value Fund, Harbor Global Growth Fund and Harbor Money Market Fund and less than 1% of the outstanding shares of beneficial interest of each of the other Funds.

 

The equity securities beneficially owned by the Trustees as of December 31, 2009 are as follows:

 

    

Name of Trustee

 

Dollar Range of Ownership in Each Fund**

   Aggregate Dollar
Range of

Ownership in
Harbor Funds
  INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES
  Raymond J. Ball*  

Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund

Harbor Mid Cap Growth Fund

Harbor Large Cap Value Fund

Harbor International Growth Fund

   $10,001-$50,000

$10,001-$50,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

   Over $ 100,000
  Howard P. Colhoun  

Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund

Harbor Mid Cap Growth Fund

Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund

Harbor Large Cap Value Fund

Harbor Small Cap Value Fund

Harbor International Fund

Harbor Global Growth Fund

Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund

Harbor Bond Fund

Harbor Money Market Fund

   Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

$1-$10,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

$1-$10,000

Over $100,000

   Over $ 100,000
  John P. Gould  

Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund

Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund

Harbor Large Cap Value Fund

   Over $100,000

$1-$10,000

$10,001-$50,000

   Over $ 100,000

 

 

   36   

 

     


TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

 

 

 

   

Harbor Small Cap Value Fund

Harbor International Fund

Harbor Bond Fund

Harbor Money Market Fund

  $10,001-$50,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

$1-$10,000

  
 

Rodger F. Smith

 

Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund

Harbor Mid Cap Growth Fund

Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund

Harbor Large Cap Value Fund

Harbor Small Cap Value Fund

Harbor International Fund

Harbor International Growth Fund

Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund

Harbor Money Market Fund

  Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

   Over $100,000
  INTERESTED TRUSTEE
 

David G. Van Hooser

 

Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund

Harbor Mid Cap Growth Fund

Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund

Harbor Large Cap Value Fund

Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund

Harbor Small Cap Value Fund

Harbor Small Company Value Fund

Harbor International Fund

Harbor International Growth Fund

Harbor Global Value Fund

Harbor Global Growth Fund

  Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

   Over $100,000
   

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund

  Over $100,000
  
   

Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund

Harbor Bond Fund

Harbor Real Return Fund

Harbor Short Duration Fund

Harbor Money Market Fund

  Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

  
 

 

*        Under the Harbor Funds Deferred Compensation Plan for Independent Trustees, a participating Trustee may elect to defer his or her trustee fees. Any such deferred fees are maintained in a deferral account which is credited with income and gains and charged with losses as though the amount deferred was invested in shares of one or more Funds selected by the participating Trustee. The dollar ranges shown for Harbor Large Cap Value Fund and Harbor International Growth Fund for Mr. Ball represent the value of the shares of each fund that correspond to the value of Mr. Ball’s deferral account under the Harbor Funds Deferred Compensation Plan for Independent Trustees that has been deemed to be invested in each of those two funds.

**      The Target Retirement Funds are offered exclusively to retirement plans sponsored by Owens-Illinois, Inc. and the Adviser.

Material Relationships of the Independent Trustees  

For purposes of the discussion below, the italicized terms have the following meanings:

 

•     the immediate family members of any person are their spouse, children in the person’s household (including step and adoptive children) and any dependent of the person.

 

•     an entity in a control relationship means any person who controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the named person. For example, the Robeco Groep, N.V. (“Robeco”) is an entity that is in a control relationship with the Adviser.

 

•     a related fund is a registered investment company or an entity exempt from the definition of an investment company pursuant to Sections 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act, in each case for which the Adviser or any of its affiliates acts as investment adviser or for which Harbor Funds Distributors, Inc. (the “Distributor”) or any of its affiliates acts as principal underwriter. For example, the related funds of Harbor Funds include all of the Funds in the Harbor family and any other U.S. and non-U.S. funds managed by the Adviser’s affiliates.

 

As of December 31, 2009, none of the Independent Trustees, nor any member of their immediate family, beneficially own any securities issued by the Adviser, Robeco or any other entity in a control relationship to the Adviser or the Distributor. During the calendar years 2008 and 2009, none of the Independent Trustees, nor any member of their immediate family, had any direct or indirect interest (the value of which exceeds $120,000), whether by contract, arrangement or otherwise, in the Adviser, Robeco, or any other entity in a control relationship to the Adviser or the Distributor. During the calendar years 2008 and 2009, none of the Independent Trustees, nor any member of their immediate family, has had an interest in a transaction or a series of transactions in which the aggregate amount involved exceeded $120,000 and to which any of the following were a party (each a “fund-related party”);

 

•     a Harbor Fund;

 

•     an officer of Harbor Funds;

 

•     a related fund;

 

•     an officer of any related fund;

 

•     the Adviser;

 

 

   37   

 

     


TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

 

 

 

 

 

•     the Distributor;

 

•     an officer of the Adviser or the Distributor;

 

•     any affiliate of the Adviser or the Distributor; or

 

•     an officer of any such affiliate

 

During the calendar years 2008 and 2009, none of the Independent Trustees, nor any member of their immediate families, had any relationship exceeding $120,000 in value with any Fund-related party, including, but not limited to, relationships arising out of (i) payments for property and services, (ii) the provision of legal services, (iii) the provision of investment banking services (other than as a member of the underwriting syndicate) or (iv) the provision of consulting services, except for Rodger F. Smith, an Independent Trustee, who is a Managing Director of Greenwich Associates, a firm that provides research-based consulting services to firms in the financial services industry. These research-based consulting services include the provision of industry reports that are available by subscription or individual purchase and may also include the interpretation of the industry data contained in the reports for particular firms. During the calendar years 2008 and 2009, Greenwich Associates billed the following entities for research-based consulting services it provided to:

 

(a)     Entities in a control relationship with Robeco for approximately $474,913 and $174,025, respectively;

 

(b)     Jennison Associates LLC (“Jennison”), subadviser to Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund, for approximately $27,900 and $7,500, respectively, and entities in a control relationship with Jennison for approximately $190,400 and $15,000, respectively;

 

(c)     LSV Asset Management (“LSV”), subadviser to Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund, for approximately $0 and $2,600, respectively, and entities in a control relationship with LSV for approximately $137,500 and $43,421, respectively;

 

(d)     Pacific Investment Management Company LLC (“PIMCO”), subadviser to Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Bond Fund and Harbor Real Return Fund, for approximately $465,006 and $619,976, respectively, and entities in a control relationship with PIMCO for approximately $721,551 and $710,913, respectively; and

 

(e)     Fischer Francis Trees & Watts, Inc. (“FFTW”), subadviser to Harbor Short Duration Fund and Harbor Money Market Fund, for approximately $2,500 and $0, respectively, and entities in a control relationship with FFTW for approximately $1,144,775 and $819,527, respectively.

 

The services identified above were not related to the Adviser or Harbor Funds. Mr. Smith was not personally involved in any of the services delivered to any of the entities described above except one entity in a control relationship with Jennison and one entity in a control relationship with LSV. As a Managing Director of Greenwich Associates, however, Mr. Smith may be considered to benefit indirectly from all of the relationships of his firm listed above through his interest in the profits of Greenwich Associates.

 

During the calendar years 2008 and 2009, none of the Independent Trustees, nor any member of their immediate family members, serves as a member of a board of directors on which an officer of any of the following entities also serves as a director:

 

•     the Adviser;

 

•     the Distributor;

 

•     Robeco; or

 

•     any other entity in a control relationship with the Adviser or the Distributor;

 

During the calendar years 2008 and 2009, no immediate family member of any of the Independent Trustees, had any position, including as an officer, employee or director, with any Harbor Funds. During the calendar years 2008 and 2009, none of the Independent Trustees, nor any member of their immediate family, had any position, including as an officer, employee, director or partner, with any of:

 

•     any related fund;

 

•     the Adviser

 

•     the Distributor;

 

•     any affiliated person of Harbor Funds;

 

•     Robeco; or

 

•     any other entity in a control relationship to Harbor Funds.

 

 

   38   

 

     


THE ADVISER AND SUBADVISERS

 

 

 

The Adviser

  

Harbor Capital Advisors, Inc., a Delaware corporation, is the investment adviser (the “Adviser”) for each Fund. The Adviser is responsible for managing each Fund’s assets or overseeing the management of each Fund by one or more Subadvisers. Harbor Funds, on behalf of each Fund, has entered into separate investment advisory agreements (each, an “Investment Advisory Agreement”) each of which provides that the Adviser shall provide the Fund with investment research, advice and supervision and will furnish continuously an investment program for the Fund consistent with the investment objectives and policies of the Fund. The Adviser is responsible for the payment of the salaries and expenses of all personnel of Harbor Funds except the fees and expenses of Trustees not affiliated with the Adviser or a Subadviser, office rent and the expenses of providing investment advisory, research and statistical facilities and related clerical expenses.

 

The Adviser is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Robeco. Cooperatieve Centrale Raiffeisen-Boerenleenbank B.A. (“Rabobank”) owns 100% of the shares of Robeco. Robeco is headquartered in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

 

Robeco is active in various areas of investment management. It currently provides investment management services to a large number of segregated accounts and a range of institutional funds as well as to a variety of retail mutual funds, most of which are listed on the major European stock exchanges. Robeco operates primarily outside of the United States, although it currently holds full ownership interests in three other U.S. investment advisers, not including the Adviser. These other U.S. investment advisers serve as investment advisers to several private investment funds, U.S. registered mutual funds and separate accounts.

 

 

   39   

 

     


THE ADVISER AND SUBADVISERS

 

 

 

Advisory Fees

 

For its services, each Fund (except for the Target Retirement Funds) pays the Adviser an advisory fee which is a stated percentage of the Fund’s average annual net assets. The table below sets forth for each Fund (except for the Target Retirement Funds) the advisory fee rate, the fees paid to the adviser for the past three fiscal years and the effect of any expense limitation in effect for the past three fiscal years which reduced the advisory fee paid. Because the Adviser serves as the investment adviser for each Fund, the Target Retirement Funds benefit from the investment advisory services provided to the underlying Harbor Funds and, as shareholder of those Funds, indirectly bear a proportionate share of those Funds’ advisory expenses. The Target Retirement Funds do not separately pay the Adviser an advisory fee.

 

         Current
Advisory Fee
% of Average
Annual Net
Assets
    Advisory Fee Paid for Year Ended
October 31
 
       ($ in Thousands)  
       2009     2008     2007  
 

DOMESTIC EQUITY FUNDS

        
 

Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund

   0.60   $ 39,088      $ 51,008      $ 53,738   
 

Harbor Mid Cap Growth Fund

   0.75     3,530        3,911        1,868   
 

Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund

   0.75     2,434        4,154        5,389   
 

Harbor Large Cap Value Fund

   0.60     1,042        1,459        514   
 

Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund

   0.75     272        474        —     
 

Harbor Small Cap Value Fund

   0.75     5,000        9,926        14,463   
 

Harbor Small Company Value Fund

   0.75     30        21        12 a 
 

INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUNDS

        
 

Harbor International Fund

   075 %/0.65%*    $ 135,098      $ 186,046      $ 151,020   
 

(Credit due to expense limitation)

   —          (26     (542     —     
 

Harbor International Growth Fund

   0.75     8,246        7,618        5,468   
 

GLOBAL EQUITY FUNDS

        
 

Harbor Global Value Fund

   0.85   $ 376      $ 655      $ 724   
 

Harbor Global Growth Fund

   0.85     27        N/A b      N/A b 
 

STRATEGIC MARKETS FUNDS

        
 

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund1

   0.86   $ 229      $ 4 c      N/A c 
 

Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund

   0.85     N/A d      N/A d      N/A d 
 

FIXED INCOME FUNDS

        
 

Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund

   0.60   $ 1,881      $ 307      $ 281   
 

(Credit due to expense limitation)

   —          (10     —          —     
 

Harbor Bond Fund

   0.48     22,162        16,714        12,162   
 

(Credit due to expense limitation)

   —          (904     (607     (159
 

Harbor Real Return Fund

   0.48     527        362        87   
 

(Credit due to expense limitation)

   —          —          —          (1
 

Harbor Short Duration Fund

   0.20     90        140        174   
 

(Credit due to expense limitation)

   —          —          —          (24
 

Harbor Money Market Fund

   0.20     423        456        463   
 

(Credit due to expense limitation)

   —          (79     (46     (107
 

 

*        0.75% on the first $12 billion and 0.65% thereafter.

**      1.025% represents the Fund’s base fee before any performance fee adjustments.

a         Commenced operations May 1, 2007.

b         Commenced operations on March 1, 2009.

c         Commenced operations on September 2, 2008.

d         Commenced operations on April 1, 2010.

1         The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive the advisory fee it receives from Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund in an amount equal to the advisory fee paid to the Adviser by the Subsidiary, which cannot be recouped.

The Subadvisers

 

The Adviser has engaged the services of several subadvisers (each, a “Subadviser”) to assist with the portfolio management of the Funds (except the Target Retirement Funds).

 

The Adviser pays each Subadviser out of its own resources; the Funds have no obligation to pay the Subadvisers. Each Subadviser has entered into a subadvisory agreement (each, a “Subadvisory Contract”) with the Adviser and Harbor Funds, on behalf of each Fund (except the Target Retirement Funds). The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive the advisory fee it receives from Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund in an amount equal to the advisory fee paid to the Adviser by the Subsidiary, which cannot be recouped. Each Subadviser is responsible to provide the Fund with advice concerning the investment management of the Fund’s portfolio, which advice shall be consistent with the investment objectives and policies of the Fund. The Subadviser determines what securities shall be purchased, sold or held for the Fund and what portion of the Fund’s assets are held uninvested. Each Subadviser is responsible to bear its own costs of providing services to the respective Fund. Each Subadviser’s subadvisory fee rate is based on a stated percentage of the Fund’s average annual net assets.

 

Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund. The Fund is subadvised by Jennison Associates LLC (“Jennison”). Jennison is a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Prudential Investment Management, Inc. which is a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Prudential Asset Management Holding Company LLC, which is a

 

 

   40   

 

     


THE ADVISER AND SUBADVISERS

 

 

 

 

direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Prudential Financial, Inc.

 

Harbor Mid Cap Growth Fund. The Fund is subadvised by Wellington Management Company, LLP (“Wellington Management”). The Subadviser is a Massachusetts limited liability partnership owned and controlled by its professionals.

 

Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund. The Fund is subadvised by Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. (“Westfield”). As of December 14, 2009, Westfield is 100% employee owned. The day-to-day management and strategic decisions of Westfield are controlled by William A. Muggia (Westfield’s Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Investment Officer) and other members of its senior management team.

 

Harbor Large Cap Value Fund. The Fund is subadvised by Cohen & Steers Capital Management, Inc. (“Cohen & Steers”). The Subadviser is a wholly owned subsidiary of Cohen & Steers, Inc., a publicly traded company whose common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “CNS”. Mr. Cohen and Mr. Steers are deemed “controlling persons” of the Subadviser on the basis of their ownership of stock in CNS.

 

Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund. The Fund is subadvised by LSV Asset Management (“LSV”). The Subadviser is ultimately controlled by the employees/partners of LSV.

 

Harbor Small Cap Value Fund. The Fund is subadvised by EARNEST Partners LLC (“EARNEST Partners”). The Subadviser is controlled by Paul Viera, who is an employee of EARNEST Partners.

 

Harbor Small Company Value Fund. The Fund is subadvised by Evercore Asset Management, LLC (“Evercore”). Evercore is a New York-based limited liability company that is controlled by its four founding partners who collectively own 49% of the firm.

 

Harbor International Fund. The Fund is co-subadvised by Northern Cross Investments Ltd (“Northern Ltd”) and Northern Cross, LLC (“Northern LLC”). Northern Ltd is controlled by Hakan Castegren, who is an employee of Northern Ltd. Northern LLC is controlled by Howard Appleby, Jean-Francois Ducrest, James LaTorre and Edward E. Wendell, Jr., each an employee of Northern LLC. Northern LLC will be responsible for effecting all investment decisions made by the Fund’s two Subadvisers, including the selection of broker-dealers and the transmission of orders to such broker-dealers.

 

Harbor International Growth Fund and Harbor Global Growth Fund. The Funds are subadvised by Marsico Capital Management, LLC (“Marsico”). Marsico is an independent, employee-owned, registered investment adviser. Marsico was organized in September 1997 as a Delaware Limited Liability Company and provides investment management services to mutual funds and private accounts. Marsico is an indirect subsidiary of Marsico Management Equity, LLC, a Delaware Limited Liability Company.

 

Harbor Global Value Fund. The Fund is subadvised by Pzena Investment Management, LLC (“Pzena”). Pzena was founded in late 1995 and began managing assets on January 1, 1996. As of January 1, 2010, Pzena is approximately 65.0% employee-owned, approximately 20% is owned by certain unaffiliated persons, and approximately 15% is publicly owned through Pzena’s holding company, Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

 

Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund. The Fund is subadvised by Shenkman Capital Management, Inc. (“Shenkman Capital”). The Subadviser is controlled by Mark R. Shenkman, who is an employee of Shenkman Capital.

 

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund, Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund, Harbor Bond Fund and Harbor Real Return Fund. The Funds are subadvised by Pacific Investment Management Company LLC (“PIMCO”). PIMCO, a Delaware limited liability company, is a majority-owned subsidiary of Allianz Global Investors of America L.P., (“AGI LP”). Allianz SE (“Allianz SE”) is the indirect majority owner of AGI LP. Allianz SE is a European-based, multinational insurance and financial services holding company.

 

Harbor Short Duration Fund and Harbor Money Market Fund. The Funds are subadvised by Fischer Francis Trees & Watts, Inc. (“FFTW”). The Subadviser is directly wholly-owned by its parent company, Charter Atlantic Corporation, which in turn is indirectly wholly-owned by BNP Paribas SA, a publicly owned banking corporation organized in the Republic of France.

Subadvisory Fees

 

The fees paid by the Adviser to the Subadviser for the past three years are set forth in the table below.

 

          Fee Paid by the Adviser to Subadviser
For Year Ended October 31
        $ in Thousands
        2009    2008    2007
  

DOMESTIC EQUITY FUNDS

        
  

Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund

   $ 14,497    $ 19,116    $ 20,425
  

Harbor Mid Cap Growth Fund

     1,982      2,179      1,089

 

 

   41   

 

     


THE ADVISER AND SUBADVISERS

 

 

 

 

Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund

     1,641      2,546      3,213
 

Harbor Large Cap Value Fund

        
 

Cohen & Steers Capital Management, Inc.

     497      672      1,188
 

Armstrong Shaw Associates

     N/A      N/A      455
 

Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund

     182      309      347
 

Harbor Small Cap Value Fund

     3,121      5,362      7,175
 

Harbor Small Company Value Fund1

     20      14      8
  INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUNDS         
 

Harbor International Fund

        
 

Northern Cross Investments Ltd

   $ 48,740    $ 102,444    $ 83,759
 

Northern Cross, LLC*

     26,516      N/A      N/A
 

Harbor International Growth Fund

     4,211      3,900      2,888
  GLOBAL EQUITY FUNDS         
 

Harbor Global Value Fund

   $ 244    $ 424    $ 468
 

Harbor Global Growth Fund2

     14      N/A      N/A
  STRATEGIC MARKETS FUNDS         
 

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund3

   $ 124    $ 2      N/A
 

Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund4

     N/A      N/A      N/A
  FIXED INCOME FUNDS         
 

Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund

   $ 1,064    $ 192    $ 179
 

Harbor Bond Fund

     10,562      8,399      6,374
 

Harbor Real Return Fund

     275      188      45
 

Harbor Short Duration Fund

     52      77      83
 

Harbor Money Market Fund

     243      251      221
 

 

1         Commenced operations May 1, 2007.

2         Commenced operations March 1, 2009.

3         Commenced operations September 2, 2008.

4         Commenced operations April 1, 2010.

*         Northern Cross, LLC became co-subadviser to Harbor International Fund on February 12, 2009. Accordingly, no subadvisory fees were paid to Northern Cross, LLC prior to that date.

 

 

   42   

 

     


THE PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

 

 

Other Accounts Managed

  

The portfolio managers who are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds also manage other registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles and/or other accounts, (collectively, the “Portfolios”) as indicated below. The following table identifies, as of October 31, 2009 (as of January 31, 2010 for Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund): (i) the number of other registered investment companies, pooled investment vehicles and other accounts managed by the portfolio manager(s) of each Fund; (ii) the total assets of such companies, vehicles and accounts, and (iii) the number and total assets of such companies, vehicles and accounts with respect to which the advisory fee is based on performance.

 

     Other Registered
Investment Companies
   Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
    Other Accounts
     # of
Accounts
   Total Assets
(in millions)
   # of
Accounts
    Total Assets
(in millions)
    # of
Accounts
   Total Assets
(in millions)

HARBOR CAPITAL APPRECIATION FUND

               

Spiros Segalas

               

All Accounts

   15    $ 11,770    3      $ 178      9    $ 2,017

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      1   $ 8   0    $ —  

 

*        The portfolio manager only manages a portion of the accounts subject to a performance fee. The market value shown reflects the portion of that account managed by the portfolio manager.

HARBOR MID CAP GROWTH FUND

               

Michael T. Carmen

               

All Accounts

   8    $ 4,921    8      $ 522      9    $ 732

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      2      $ 298      0    $ —  

Mario E. Abularach

               

All Accounts

   15    $ 6,734    1      $ 102      7    $ 780

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0      $ —        1    $ 120

Stephen Mortiner

               

All Accounts

   12    $ 3,511    1      $ 102      4    $ 397

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0      $ —        1    $ 120

HARBOR SMALL CAP GROWTH FUND

               

William Muggia

               

All Accounts

   9    $ 1,917    13      $ 645      574    $ 8,267

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      5      $ 285      15    $ 687

Arthur Bauernfeind

               

All Accounts

   9    $ 1,917    8      $ 360      574    $ 8,260

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0      $ —        15    $ 687

Ethan Meyers

               

All Accounts

   9    $ 1,917    8      $ 360      570    $ 8,217

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0      $ —        15    $ 687

Scott Emerman

               

All Accounts

   9    $ 1,917    8      $ 360      571    $ 8,218

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0      $ —        15    $ 687

Matthew Strobeck

               

All Accounts

   9    $ 1,917    8      $ 360      575    $ 8,237

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0      $ —        15    $ 687

HARBOR LARGE CAP VALUE FUND

               

Richard E. Helm

               

All Accounts

   6    $ 1,161    4      $ 392      17    $ 924

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0      $ —        0    $ —  

HARBOR MID CAP VALUE FUND

               

Josef Lakonishok

               

All Accounts

   25    $ 5,463    34      $ 9,965      448    $ 36,799

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0      $ —        28    $ 3,300

Menno Vermeulen

               

All Accounts

   25    $ 5,463    34      $ 9,965      448    $ 36,799

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0      $ —        28    $ 3,300

HARBOR MID CAP VALUE FUND – continued

               

Puneet Mansharamani

               

All Accounts

   25    $ 5,463    34      $ 9,965      448    $ 36,799

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0      $ —        28    $ 3,300

HARBOR SMALL CAP VALUE FUND

               

Paul Viera

               

 

 

   43   

 

     


THE PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

 

 

All Accounts

   8    $ 354    11    $ 80    228      $ 9,214   

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      9      $ 593   

HARBOR SMALL COMPANY VALUE FUND

                

Andrew Moloff

                

All Accounts

   0    $ —      0    $ —      16      $ 220   

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0      $ —     

Greg Sawers

                

All Accounts

   0    $ —      0    $ —      16      $ 220   

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0      $ —     

HARBOR INTERNATIONAL FUND

                

Hakan Castegren

                

All Accounts

   0    $ —      0    $ —      4      $ 575   

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0      $ —     

Howard Appleby

                

All Accounts

   3    $ 223    0    $ —      6      $ 1,276   

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0      $ —     

Jean-Francois Ducrest

                

All Accounts

   3    $ 223    0    $ —      6      $ 1,276   

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0      $ —     

James LaTorre

                

All Accounts

   3    $ 223    0    $ —      6      $ 1,276   

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0      $ —     

Edward E. Wendell, Jr.

                

All Accounts

   3    $ 223    0    $ —      6      $ 1,276   

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0      $ —     

HARBOR INTERNATIONAL GROWTH FUND

                

James Gendelman

                

All Accounts

   19    $ 6,803    8    $ 1,371    22      $ 2,174   

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0      $ —     

HARBOR GLOBAL VALUE FUND

                

Pzena Investment Management, LLC

                

All Accounts

   7    $ 3,035    86    $ 3,800    217      $ 6,663   

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      1    $ 65    11      $ 880   

HARBOR GLOBAL GROWTH FUND

                

Corydon Gilchrist

                

All Accounts

   5    $ 5,085    9    $ 1,706    10   $ 1,590

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0      $ —     

James Gendelman

                

All Accounts

   19    $ 6,803    8    $ 1,371    22      $ 2,174   

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0      $ —     

Thomas Marsico

                

All Accounts

   30    $ 19,095    8    $ 2,594    136^      $ 14,092^   

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0      $ —     

 

*        One of the “Other Accounts” is a wrap fee platform which includes approximately 3,451 underlying clients for total assets (in millions) of approximately $589 and one of the “Other Accounts” represents a model portfolio for total assets (in thousands) of approximately $294.

^         One of the “Other Accounts” is a wrap fee platform which includes approximately 16,455 underlying clients for total assets (in millions) of approximately $4,755 and two of the “Other Accounts” represent model portfolios for total assets (in millions) of approximately $310.

            

             

HARBOR COMMODITY REAL RETURN STRATEGY FUND

             

Mihir Worah

                

All Accounts

   21    $ 49,648    28    $ 5,234    70      $ 23,352   

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      13      $ 4,377   

HARBOR UNCONSTRAINED BOND FUND

                

Chris Dialynas

                

All Accounts

   15    $ 9,151    16    $ 9,647    128      $ 47,119   

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      10      $ 5,713   

HARBOR HIGH-YIELD BOND FUND

                

Mark Shenkman

                

All Accounts

   3    $ 934    12    $ 1,550    105      $ 7,409   

 

 

   44   

 

     


THE PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

 

 

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      3    $ 535    2    $ 642

Mark Flanagan

                 

All Accounts

   2    $ 218    2    $ 532    11    $ 1,945

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      1    $ 31    0    $ —  

Frank Whitley

                 

All Accounts

   0    $ —      0    $ —      10    $ 1,336

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      1    $ 359

HARBOR BOND FUND

                 

William Gross

                 

All Accounts

   44    $ 273,648    28    $ 27,474    81    $ 37,863

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      4    $ 601    20    $ 11,529

HARBOR REAL RETURN FUND

                 

Mihir Worah

                 

All Accounts

   21    $ 49,537    28    $ 5,234    70    $ 23,352

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      13    $ 4,377

HARBOR SHORT DURATION FUND AND HARBOR MONEY MARKET FUND

                 

Kenneth O’Donnell

                 

All Accounts

   5    $ 688    2    $ 67    18    $ 1,997

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   1    $ 188    0    $ —      3    $ 431

HARBOR TARGET RETIREMENT FUNDS

                 

Saumen Chattopadhyay

                 

All Accounts

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0    $ —  

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0    $ —  

Brian Collins

                 

All Accounts

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0    $ —  

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0    $ —  

Paul Herbert

                 

All Accounts

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0    $ —  

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0    $ —  

Linda Molenda

                 

All Accounts

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0    $ —  

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0    $ —  

David Van Hooser

                 

All Accounts

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0    $ —  

Accounts where advisory fee is based on account performance (subset of above)

   0    $ —      0    $ —      0    $ —  

 

 

 

Jennison Associates LLC

 

 

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

In managing other portfolios (including affiliated accounts), certain potential conflicts of interest may arise. Potential conflicts include, for example, conflicts among investment strategies, conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities, or conflicts due to different fees. As part of its compliance program, Jennison has adopted policies and procedures that seek to address and minimize the effects of these conflicts.

 

Jennison’s portfolio managers typically manage multiple accounts. These accounts may include, among others, mutual funds, separately managed advisory accounts (assets managed on behalf of institutions such as pension funds, colleges and universities, foundations), commingled trust accounts, other types of unregistered commingled accounts (including hedge funds), affiliated single client and commingled insurance separate accounts, model nondiscretionary portfolios, and model portfolios used for wrap fee programs. Portfolio managers make investment decisions for each portfolio based on the investment objectives, policies, practices and other relevant investment considerations that the managers believe are applicable to that portfolio. Consequently, portfolio managers may recommend the purchase (or sale) of certain securities for one portfolio and not another portfolio. Securities purchased in one portfolio may

 

 

   45   

 

     


THE PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

 

 

 

 

perform better than the securities purchased for another portfolio. Similarly, securities sold from one portfolio may result in better performance if the value of that security declines. Generally, however, portfolios in a particular product strategy (e.g., large cap growth equity) with similar objectives are managed similarly. Accordingly, portfolio holdings and industry and sector exposure tend to be similar across a group of accounts in a strategy that have similar objectives, which tends to minimize the potential for conflicts of interest. While these accounts have many similarities, the investment performance of each account will be different primarily due to differences in guidelines, timing of investments, fees, expenses and cash flows.

 

Furthermore, certain accounts (including affiliated accounts) in certain investment strategies may buy or sell securities while accounts in other strategies may take the same or differing, including potentially opposite, position. For example, certain strategies may short securities that may be held long in other strategies. The strategies that sell a security short held long by another strategy could lower the price for the security held long. Similarly, if a strategy is purchasing a security that is held short in other strategies, the strategies purchasing the security could increase the price of the security held short. Jennison has policies and procedures that seek to mitigate, monitor and manage this conflict.

 

In addition, Jennison has adopted trade aggregation and allocation procedures that seek to treat all clients (including affiliated accounts) fairly and equitably. These policies and procedures address the allocation of limited investment opportunities, such as IPOs and the allocation of transactions across multiple accounts. Some accounts have higher fees, including performance fees, than others. Fees charged to clients differ depending upon a number of factors including, but not limited to, the particular strategy, the size of the portfolio being managed, the relationship with the client, the service requirements and the asset class involved. Fees may also differ based on the account type (e.g., commingled accounts, trust accounts, insurance company separate accounts or corporate, bank or trust-owned life insurance products). Some accounts, such as hedge funds and alternative strategies, have higher fees, including performance fees, than others. Based on these factors, a client may pay higher fees than another client in the same strategy. Also, clients with larger assets under management generate more revenue for Jennison than smaller accounts. These differences may give rise to a potential conflict that a portfolio manager may favor the higher fee-paying account over the other or allocate more time to the management of one account over another.

 

Furthermore, if a greater proportion of a portfolio manager’s compensation could be derived from an account or group of accounts, which include hedge fund or alternative strategies, than other accounts under the portfolio manager’s management, there could be an incentive for the portfolio manager to favor the accounts that could have a greater impact on the portfolio manager’s compensation. While Jennison does not monitor the specific amount of time that a portfolio manager spends on a single portfolio, senior Jennison personnel periodically review the performance of Jennison’s portfolio managers as well as periodically assess whether the portfolio manager has adequate resources to effectively manage the accounts assigned to that portfolio manager.

 

COMPENSATION

 

Mr. Segalas serves as the portfolio manager of Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund. Jennison seeks to maintain a highly competitive compensation program designed to attract and retain outstanding investment professionals, which include portfolio managers and research analysts, and to align the interests of its investment professionals with those of its clients and overall firm results. Overall firm profitability determines the total amount of incentive compensation pool that is available for investment professionals. Investment professionals are compensated with a combination of base salary and cash bonus. In general, the cash bonus comprises the majority of the compensation for investment professionals. Additionally, senior investment professionals, including portfolio managers and senior research analysts, are eligible to participate in a deferred compensation program where all or a portion of the cash bonus can be invested in a variety of predominantly Jennison-managed investment strategies on a tax-deferred basis.

 

Investment professionals’ total compensation is determined through a subjective process that evaluates numerous qualitative and quantitative factors. There is no particular weighting or formula for considering the factors. Some portfolio managers may manage or contribute ideas to more than one product strategy and are evaluated accordingly. The factors reviewed for the portfolio managers are listed below in order of importance.

 

The following primary quantitative factor is reviewed for the portfolio manager:

 

•     One and three year pre-tax investment performance of groupings of accounts (a “Composite”) relative to market conditions, pre-determined passive indices, such as the Russell 1000® Growth Index and Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Stock Price Index, and industry peer group data for the product strategy (e.g., large cap growth, large cap value) for which the portfolio manager is responsible;

 

The qualitative factors reviewed for the portfolio manager may include:

 

•     Historical and long-term business potential of the product strategies;

 

 

   46   

 

     


THE PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

 

 

 

•     Qualitative factors such as teamwork and responsiveness; and

 

•     Other individual factors such as experience and other responsibilities such as being a team leader or supervisor may also affect an investment professional’s total compensation.

 

SECURITIES OWNERSHIP

 

As of October 31, 2009, Mr. Segalas beneficially owned shares of Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund with a value of over $1,000,000.

Wellington Management

Company, LLP

 

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

Individual investment professionals at Wellington Management manage multiple accounts for multiple clients. These accounts may include mutual funds, separate accounts (assets managed on behalf of institutions, such as pension funds, insurance companies, foundations, or separately managed account programs sponsored by financial intermediaries), bank common trust accounts, and hedge funds. The Fund’s managers listed in the prospectus who are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund (the “Investment Professionals”) generally manage accounts in several different investment styles. These accounts may have investment objectives, strategies, time horizons, tax considerations and risk profiles that differ from those of the Fund. The Investment Professionals make investment decisions for each account, including the Fund based on the investment objectives, policies, practices, benchmarks, cash flows, tax and other relevant investment considerations applicable to that account. Consequently, the Investment Professionals may purchase or sell securities, including IPOs, for one account and not another account, and the performance of securities purchased for one account may vary from the performance of securities purchased for other accounts. Alternatively, these accounts may be managed in a similar fashion to the relevant Fund and thus the accounts may have similar, and in some cases nearly identical, objectives, strategies and/or holdings to that of the relevant Fund.

 

An Investment Professional or other investment professionals at Wellington Management may place transactions on behalf of other accounts that are directly or indirectly contrary to investment decisions made on behalf of the Fund, or make investment decisions that are similar to those made for the Fund, both of which have the potential to adversely impact the Fund depending on market conditions. For example, an investment professional may purchase a security in one account while appropriately selling that same security in another account. Similarly, an Investment Professional may purchase the same security for the Fund and one or more other accounts at or about the same time, and in those instances the other accounts will have access to their respective holdings prior to the public disclosure of the Fund’s holdings. In addition, some of these accounts have fee structures, including performance fees, which are or have the potential to be higher, in some cases significantly higher, than the fees Wellington Management receives for managing the Fund. Mr. Carmen also manages hedge funds, which pay performance allocations to Wellington Management or its affiliates. Because incentive payments paid by Wellington Management to the Investment Professionals are tied to revenues earned by Wellington Management and, where noted, to the performance achieved by the manager in each account, the incentives associated with any given account may be significantly higher or lower than those associated with other accounts managed by a given Investment Professional. Finally, the Investment Professionals may hold shares or investments in the other investment vehicles and/or other accounts identified above.

 

Wellington Management’s goal is to meet its fiduciary obligation to treat all clients fairly and provide high quality investment services to all of its clients. Wellington Management has adopted and implemented policies and procedures, including brokerage and trade allocation policies and procedures, which it believes address the conflicts associated with managing multiple accounts for multiple clients. In addition, Wellington Management monitors a variety of areas, including compliance with primary account guidelines, the allocation of IPOs, and compliance with the firm’s Code of Ethics, and places additional investment restrictions on investment professionals who manage hedge funds and certain other accounts. Furthermore, senior investment and business personnel at Wellington Management periodically review the performance of Wellington Management’s investment professionals. Although Wellington Management does not track the time an investment professional spends on a single account, Wellington Management does periodically assess whether an investment professional has adequate time and resources to effectively manage the investment professional’s various client mandates.

 

COMPENSATION

 

Wellington Management receives a fee based on the assets under management of the Fund as set forth in the Investment Subadvisory Agreements between Wellington Management and the Adviser on behalf of the Fund. Wellington Management pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the advisory fees earned with respect to the Fund. The following information relates to the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009.

 

Wellington Management’s compensation structure is designed to attract and retain high-caliber investment professionals necessary to deliver high quality investment management services to its clients. Wellington Management’s compensation of the Fund’s managers listed in the prospectus who are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund (“Investment Professionals”) includes a

 

 

   47   

 

     


THE PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

 

 

 

base salary and incentive components. The base salary for each Investment Professional who is a partner of Wellington Management, is determined by the Managing Partners of the firm. A partner’s base salary is generally a fixed amount that may change as a result of an annual review. The base salary for the other Investment Professional is determined by the Investment Professional’s experience and performance in his role as an Investment Professional. Base salaries for Wellington Management’s employees are reviewed annually and may be adjusted based on the recommendation of an Investment Professional’s manager, using guidelines established by Wellington Management’s Compensation Committee, which has final oversight responsibility for base salaries of employees of the firm. Each Investment Professional is eligible to receive an incentive payment based on the revenues earned by Wellington Management from the Fund managed by the Investment Professional and generally each other account managed by such Investment Professional. Each Investment Professional’s incentive payment relating to the relevant Fund is linked to the gross pre-tax performance of the portion of the Fund managed by the Investment Professional compared to the benchmark index and/or peer group identified below over one and three year periods, with an emphasis on three year results. Wellington Management applies similar incentive compensation structures (although the benchmarks or peer groups, time periods and rates may differ) to other accounts managed by these Investment Professionals, including accounts with performance fees.

 

Portfolio-based incentives across all accounts managed by an investment professional can, and typically do, represent a significant portion of an investment professional’s overall compensation; incentive compensation varies significantly by individual and can vary significantly from year to year. The Investment Professionals may also be eligible for bonus payments based on their overall contribution to Wellington Management’s business operations. Senior management at Wellington Management may reward individuals as it deems appropriate based on factors other than account performance. Each partner of Wellington Management is eligible to participate in a partner-funded tax qualified retirement plan, the contributions to which are made pursuant to an actuarial formula. Messrs. Carmen and Mortimer are partners of the firm.

 

    

Fund

 

Benchmark Index and/or Peer Group for Incentive Period

 

Harbor Mid Cap Growth Fund

 

Gross Lipper Mid Cap Growth Average 50%/Russell Mid Cap Growth 50%

 

SECURITIES OWNERSHIP

 

As of October 31, 2009, Messrs. Abularach, Carmen and Mortimer did not beneficially own any shares of Harbor Mid Cap Growth Fund.

Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.  

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

Westfield’s management of multiple accounts may result in allocating unequal attention and time to the management of each account if each has different objectives, benchmarks, time horizons, and fees as the investment committee must allocate their time and investment ideas across multiple accounts. All investment decisions for client accounts are made at the product level by the Investment Committee. Once a recommendation has been approved, all eligible accounts typically are allocated shares on a pro-rata basis until the trade order is complete.

 

From time to time, the same securities may be recommended for accounts that incorporate a performance fee and those that do not. If this is the case, the securities are allocated in a manner Westfield believes to be fair and equitable to all effected accounts. Although Westfield seeks best execution for security transactions, a potential conflict can exist in determining which broker to use to execute transaction orders because Westfield may be limited by a client with respect to the selection of brokers or may be instructed to direct trades through a particular broker. To fulfill our obligation to seek best execution, while satisfying client directed brokerage arrangements, Westfield will bundle directed broker orders with non-directed broker orders, and then utilize step out trades to satisfy the direction. If a client directed brokerage arrangement does not allow the use of step-out trades, such orders will typically go last.

 

In selecting a broker to execute a transaction for a client account, Westfield may take into account services or benefits provided to Westfield by the broker (or by any other party pursuant to an arrangement with the broker), only when all of the following conditions are satisfied:

 

1.      Westfield is exercising investment discretion in the transaction.

 

2.      The client obtains best execution.

 

3.      The only compensation to the broker for executing the transaction is a disclosed commission. (That is, the broker is not dealing out of inventory, acting as a market maker in the security or otherwise charging an undisclosed markup or spread).

 

4.      Westfield has determined, in good faith, that the amount of commission on the transaction is reasonable in relation to the value of the research services provided by the broker, viewed in terms of either that transaction or Westfield's overall responsibilities to its discretionary client accounts.

 

Westfield’s Portfolio Strategist serves as the control person, with oversight by the Chief Investment Officer and Chief Compliance Officer, for commission allocation and the review, approval, and hiring of

 

 

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research services. The Investment Committee (“IC”) discusses research services quarterly to ensure we are extracting the most value from the services to which we subscribe. The IC reviews and approves research services prior to the hiring of such services.

 

In September 2006, Mr. Matthew Strobeck was elected to the Board of Directors of Metabolix, Inc. (“Metabolix”), a publicly traded biotech company headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts. With the exception of trades required for client directed withdrawals, contributions, rebalancing, and dispersion, Westfield will purchase or sell Metabolix securities during specified time periods (“trading windows”) defined by Metabolix's trading window/blackout policy. Due to the restrictions imposed by Metabolix's trading window/blackout period policy, Westfield trades Metabolix securities only in certain affiliated limited partnerships. The same trading windows apply to transactions in Westfield employees' personal investment accounts, which are regulated by the firm's Code of Ethics.

 

COMPENSATION

 

Members of the Westfield Investment Committee are eligible to receive various components of compensation:

 

•     Investment Committee members receive a base salary commensurate with industry standards. This salary is reviewed annually during the employee’s performance assessment.

 

•     Investment Committee members may be eligible to receive a performance based bonus award. This bonus award is determined and paid in December. The amount awarded is based on the employee’s individual performance attribution and overall contribution to the investment performance of Westfield.

 

•     Investment Committee members are eligible to receive a bonus pool distribution award. This award is derived from a bonus pool based on 40% of the operating profit of Westfield. Individual awards are determined by a member’s overall performance within the firm, including contribution to company strategy, participation in marketing and client service initiatives, as well as longevity at the firm.

 

•     Investment Committee members may also receive equity interests in the future profits of Westfield. The key members of Westfield’s management team who receive equity interests in the firm enter into agreements restricting post-employment competition and solicitation of clients or employees of Westfield. This compensation is in addition to the base salary and performance based bonus.

 

Additionally, Mr. Muggia is entitled to receive a portion of any performance fees earned on accounts which have a portion of their advisory fee based on performance, and for which he serves as sole discretionary manager. Mr. Muggia is also granted discretion to award a portion of any performance-based fees earned by such accounts to any member of Westfield.

 

SECURITIES OWNERSHIP

 

As of October 31, 2009, Messrs. Muggia, Bauernfeind, Strobeck and Meyers did not beneficially own any shares of Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund. Mr. Emerman beneficially owned shares of Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund with a value between $10,001 to $50,000.

Cohen & Steers Capital Management, Inc.  

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

It is possible that conflicts of interest may arise in connection with the portfolio manager’s management of the Fund’s investments on the one hand and the investments of other accounts or vehicles for which the portfolio manager is responsible on the other. For example, the portfolio manager may have conflicts of interest in allocating management time, resources and investment opportunities among the Fund and the other accounts or vehicles he advises. In addition, due to differences in the investment strategies or restrictions among the Fund and the other accounts, the portfolio manager may take action with respect to another account that differs from the action taken with respect to the Fund. In some cases, another account managed by a portfolio manager may provide more revenue to the Subadviser. While this may appear to create additional conflicts of interest for the portfolio manager in the allocation of management time, resources and investment opportunities, the Subadviser strives to ensure that the portfolio manager endeavors to exercise his discretion in a manner that is equitable to all interested persons. In this regard, in the absence of specific account-related impediments (such as client-imposed restrictions or lack of available cash), it is the policy of the Subadviser to allocate investment ideas pro rata to all accounts with the same primary investment objective.

 

COMPENSATION

 

Compensation Structure. Compensation of the portfolio manager and other investment professionals has three primary components: (1) a base salary, (2) an annual cash bonus and (3) annual stock-based compensation consisting generally of restricted stock units of Cohen & Steers’ parent, Cohen & Steers, Inc. (“CNS”). Cohen & Steers’ investment professionals, including the portfolio manager, also receive certain retirement, insurance and other benefits that are broadly available to all of its employees. Compensation of Cohen & Steers’ investment professionals is reviewed primarily on an annual basis.

 

 

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Method to Determine Compensation. Cohen & Steers compensates its portfolio managers based primarily on the total return performance of funds and accounts managed by the portfolio manager versus appropriate peer groups or benchmarks. In evaluating the performance of a portfolio manager, primary emphasis is normally placed on one- and three-year performance, with secondary consideration of performance over longer periods of time. Performance is evaluated on a pre-tax and pre-expense basis. In addition to rankings within peer groups of funds and value-oriented benchmarks on the basis of absolute performance, consideration may also be given to risk-adjusted performance. For portfolio managers responsible for multiple funds and accounts, investment performance is evaluated on an aggregate basis. Cohen & Steers does not have any funds or accounts with performance-based advisory fees. Portfolio managers are also evaluated on the basis of their success in managing their dedicated team of analysts. Base compensation for portfolio managers of Cohen & Steers varies in line with the portfolio manager’s seniority and position with the firm.

 

Salaries, bonuses and stock-based compensation are also influenced by the operating performance of Cohen & Steers and CNS. While the annual salaries of Cohen & Steers’ portfolio managers are fixed, cash bonuses and stock-based compensation may fluctuate significantly from year to year, based on changes in manager performance and other factors.

 

In addition, Mr. Helm and the investment team that is assembled in Seattle, Washington to manage large cap value portfolios are entitled to additional compensation based on a percentage of revenues, less allocated expenses, associated with fees paid to Cohen & Steers with respect to the large cap value portfolios.

 

SECURITIES OWNERSHIP

 

As of October 31, 2009, Mr. Helm beneficially owned shares of Harbor Large Cap Value Fund with a value between $50,001 and $100,000.

 

LSV Asset Management

 

 

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

From time to time, potential conflicts of interest may arise between the portfolio manager’s management of the investments of Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund, on the one hand, and the management of other accounts, on the other. The other accounts might have similar investment objectives or strategies as Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund, track the same index Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund tracks or otherwise hold, purchase, or sell securities that are eligible to be held, purchased or sold by Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund. The other accounts might also have different investment objectives or strategies than Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund.

 

Knowledge and Timing of Portfolio Trades. A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager’s day-to-day management of Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund. Because of the portfolio manager’s positions with Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund, the portfolio manager knows the size, timing and possible market impact of Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund’s trades. It is theoretically possible that the portfolio manager could use this information to the advantage of other accounts he or she manages and to the possible detriment of Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund.

 

Investment Opportunities. A potential conflict of interest may arise as result of the portfolio manager’s management of a number of accounts with varying investment guidelines. Often, an investment opportunity may be suitable for both Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund and other accounts managed by the portfolio manager, but may not be available in sufficient quantities for both Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund and the other accounts to participate fully. Similarly, there may be limited opportunity to sell an investment held by Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund and another account. LSV has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities on a fair and equitable basis over time.

 

Under LSV’s allocation procedures, investment opportunities are allocated among various investment strategies based on individual account investment guidelines and LSV’s investment outlook. LSV has also adopted additional procedures to complement the general trade allocation policy that are designed to address potential conflicts of interest due to the side-by-side management of Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund and certain pooled investment vehicles, including investment opportunity allocation issues.

 

Performance Fees. The portfolio manager may advise certain accounts with respect to which the advisory fee is based entirely or partially on performance. Performance fee arrangements may create a conflict of interest for the portfolio manager in that the portfolio manager may have an incentive to allocate the investment opportunities that he or she believes might be the most profitable to such other accounts instead of allocating them to Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund. LSV has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities between Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund and such other accounts on a fair and equitable basis over time.

 

COMPENSATION

 

Messrs. Lakonishok, Vermeulen and Mansharamani receive a fixed base salary and bonus which is a function of overall firm profitability. In addition, each is a partner and receives a portion of the firm’s net income.

 

 

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SECURITIES OWNERSHIP

 

As of October 31, 2009, Messrs. Lakonishok, Vermeulen and Mansharamani did not beneficially own any shares of Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund.

 

EARNEST Partners LLC

 

 

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

EARNEST Partners may be responsible for managing Harbor Small Cap Value Fund in addition to other client accounts which may include, but are not limited to, proprietary accounts, separate accounts and other pooled investment vehicles. EARNEST Partners may manage other client accounts which may have higher fee arrangements than Harbor Small Cap Value Fund and/or may also have performance-based fees. Side-by-side management of these other client accounts may create potential conflicts of interest which may relate to, among other things, the allocation of investment opportunities and the aggregation and allocation of transactions.

 

EARNEST Partners seeks best execution with respect to all securities transactions and to aggregate and allocate the securities to client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. EARNEST Partners has implemented policies and procedures that it believes are reasonably designed to mitigate and manage the potential conflicts of interest that may arise from side-by-side management. Specifically, EARNEST Partners manages client accounts to model portfolios that are approved by its investment committee, and aggregates and then allocates securities transactions to client accounts in a manner that EARNEST Partners believes to be fair and equitable.

 

COMPENSATION

 

All EARNEST Partners personnel are paid a fixed salary and a discretionary bonus. A portion of the bonus may consist of profit sharing and/or deferred compensation. The Company also matches a portion of employees’ 401(k) contributions, if any. The bonus is a function of client satisfaction with respect to investment results and service.

 

Mr. Viera is an owner of the firm. Equity ownership and profits derived there from are another component of compensation for the portfolio manager.

 

SECURITIES OWNERSHIP

 

As of October 31, 2009, Mr. Viera did not beneficially own any shares of Harbor Small Cap Value Fund.

 

Evercore Asset Management, LLC

 

 

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

Evercore has identified areas where conflicts of interest affect its business. Its Code of Ethics and Compliance Manual focus on educating its employees and clarifying how such issues are to be handled on a day-to-day basis.

 

All research is discussed by the investment team during a review process, ultimately leading to purchase and sale decisions that are implemented consistently across all accounts. Final decision-making authority and accountability rest with its chief investment officer, Andrew Moloff. Portfolio holdings across accounts will only vary due to factors such as inception date, the size and/or timing of cash flows or client-specific guidelines. Evercore’s trading policy is to allocate pro rata based on shares executed so that all accounts participating in a trade will be treated fairly. Further, they trade with various brokers, some of which supply them with research at a slightly higher cost while others strictly offer execution. As part of its trade review process they assess the fairness of the allocation of research costs across accounts.

 

Evercore has conservative personal trading policies in place which preclude employees from purchasing reportable securities for their beneficial ownership. If they held securities prior to being hired, they are allowed to sell them once the trade has been pre-cleared with compliance.

 

As an affiliate of Evercore Partners, Evercore Asset Management is under strict scrutiny as it pertains to sharing information across business lines. All meetings with members of Evercore affiliates are documented and reviewed by their chief compliance officer to insure that there is no access to material, non-public information.

 

COMPENSATION

 

As two of the co-founders of the firm, Mr. Sawers’ and Mr. Moloff’s compensation consists entirely of a share of the firm’s overall profits.

 

SECURITIES OWNERSHIP

 

As of October 31, 2009, Messrs. Sawers and Moloff did not beneficially own any shares of Harbor Small Company Value Fund.

 

Northern Cross Investments Ltd

 

 

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

From time to time, potential conflicts of interest may arise between the portfolio manager’s management of the investments of Harbor International Fund, on the one hand, and the management of other accounts, on the other. The other accounts might have similar investment objectives or strategies as Harbor International Fund, track the same index Harbor International Fund tracks or otherwise hold, purchase, or sell securities that are eligible to be held, purchased or sold by Harbor International Fund.

 

 

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The other accounts might also have different investment objectives or strategies than Harbor International Fund.

 

Knowledge and Timing of Portfolio Trades. A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager’s day-to-day management of Harbor International Fund. Because of the portfolio manager’s positions with Harbor International Fund, the portfolio manager knows the size, timing and possible market impact of Harbor International Fund’s trades. It is theoretically possible that the portfolio manager could use this information to the advantage of other accounts he manages and to the possible detriment of Harbor International Fund.

 

Investment Opportunities. A potential conflict of interest may arise as result of the portfolio manager’s management of a number of accounts with varying investment guidelines. Often, an investment opportunity may be suitable for both Harbor International Fund and other accounts managed by the portfolio manager, but may not be available in sufficient quantities for both Harbor International Fund and the other accounts to participate fully. Similarly, there may be limited opportunity to sell an investment held by Harbor International Fund and another account. Northern Cross Investments Ltd has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities on a fair and equitable basis over time.

 

Under Northern Cross Investments Ltd’s allocation procedures, investment opportunities are allocated among various investment strategies based on individual account investment guidelines and the Subadviser’s investment outlook.

 

COMPENSATION

 

Mr. Castegren is the owner of Northern Cross Investments Ltd. His compensation is based solely on the profitability of the firm.

 

SECURITIES OWNERSHIP

 

As of October 31, 2009, Mr. Castegren beneficially owned shares of Harbor International Fund with a value of over $1,000,000.

 

Northern Cross, LLC

 

 

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

From time to time, potential conflicts of interest may arise between the portfolio managers’ management of the investments of Harbor International Fund, on the one hand, and the management of other accounts, on the other. The other accounts might have similar investment objectives or strategies as Harbor International Fund, track the same index Harbor International Fund tracks or otherwise hold, purchase, or sell securities that are eligible to be held, purchased or sold by Harbor International Fund. The other accounts might also have different investment objectives or strategies than Harbor International Fund.

 

Knowledge and Timing of Portfolio Trades. A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio managers’ day-to-day management of Harbor International Fund. Because of the portfolio managers’ positions with Harbor International Fund, each portfolio manager knows the size, timing and possible market impact of Harbor International Fund’s trades. It is theoretically possible that a portfolio manager could use this information to the advantage of other accounts he manages and to the possible detriment of Harbor International Fund.

 

Investment Opportunities. A potential conflict of interest may arise as result of a portfolio manager’s management of a number of accounts with varying investment guidelines. Often, an investment opportunity may be suitable for both Harbor International Fund and other accounts managed by one or more of the portfolio managers, but may not be available in sufficient quantities for both Harbor International Fund and the other accounts to participate fully. Similarly, there may be limited opportunity to sell an investment held by Harbor International Fund and another account.

 

Northern Cross, LLC has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to treat all accounts fairly and equitably and to address the potentially adverse effect of any conflicts of interest. Northern Cross, LLC has adopted policies and procedures designed to allocate investment opportunities on a fair and equitable basis over time. Under Northern Cross, LLC’s allocation procedures, investment opportunities are allocated among various investment strategies based on individual account investment guidelines and the Subadviser’s investment outlook.

 

COMPENSATION

 

The four principals of Northern Cross, LLC, Messrs. Appleby, Ducrest, LaTorre and Wendell are equal owners of the firm. Their compensation consists of equal shares in the firm’s overall profits.

 

SECURITIES OWNERSHIP

 

As of October 31, 2009, Messrs. Appleby, Ducrest, LaTorre and Wendell beneficially owned shares of the Harbor International Fund with a value of $100,001-$500,000, $100,001-$500,000, $500,001-$1,000,000 and $500,001-$1,000,000, respectively.

 

Marsico Capital Management, LLC

 

 

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

 

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As a general matter, Marsico faces the same need to balance the interests of different clients that any investment adviser with multiple clients might experience. Portfolio managers make investment decisions for each portfolio based on the investment objectives, policies, practices and other relevant investment considerations that the managers believe are applicable to that portfolio. Consequently, portfolio managers may purchase (or sell) securities for one portfolio and not another portfolio, or may take similar actions for different portfolios at different times. As a result, the mix of securities purchased in one portfolio may perform better than the mix of securities purchased for another portfolio. Similarly, the sale of securities from one portfolio may cause that portfolio to perform better than others if the value of those securities subsequently decline. The management of multiple accounts may result in a portfolio manager devoting unequal time and attention to the management of each account. Although Marsico does not track the time a portfolio manager spends on a single portfolio, it does assess whether a portfolio manager has adequate time and resources to effectively manage all of the accounts for which he is responsible. Marsico seeks to manage competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers.

 

The need to balance the interests of multiple clients may also arise when allocating and/or aggregating trades. Marsico often aggregates into a single trade order several individual contemporaneous client trade orders in a single security. Under Marsico’s Portfolio Management and Trade Management Policy and Procedures, when trades are aggregated on behalf of more than one account, Marsico seeks to allocate such trades to participating client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. With respect to IPOs and other syndicated or limited offerings, it is Marsico’s policy to seek to ensure that over the long term, accounts with the same or similar investment objectives will receive an equitable opportunity to participate meaningfully and will not be unfairly disadvantaged. To deal with these situations, Marsico has adopted policies and procedures for allocating transactions across multiple accounts. Marsico’s policies also seek to ensure that portfolio managers do not systematically allocate other types of trades in a manner that would be more beneficial to one account than another. Marsico’s compliance department monitors transactions made on behalf of multiple clients to seek to ensure adherence to its policies.

 

Marsico has adopted and implemented policies and procedures that seek to minimize potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of a portfolio manager advising multiple accounts. In addition, Marsico monitors a variety of areas, including compliance with primary Fund guidelines, the allocation of securities, and compliance with its Code of Ethics.

 

COMPENSATION

 

The compensation package for portfolio managers of Marsico is structured as a combination of a base salary (may be reevaluated at least annually), and periodic cash bonuses. Bonuses are typically based on a number of factors, including Marsico’s overall profitability for the period. Portfolio manager compensation takes into account, among other factors, the overall performance of all accounts for which the portfolio manager provides investment advisory services. In receiving compensation such as bonuses, portfolio managers do not receive special consideration based on the performance of particular accounts and do not receive compensation from accounts charging performance-based fees. Exceptional individual efforts are rewarded through salary readjustments and greater participation in the bonus pool. No other special employee incentive arrangements are currently in place or being planned. In addition to salary and bonus, portfolio managers may participate in other Marsico benefits to the same extent and on the same basis as other Marsico employees. Portfolio manager compensation comes solely from Marsico. In addition, Marsico’s portfolio managers typically are offered equity interests in Marsico Management Equity, LLC which indirectly owns Marsico, and may receive distributions on those equity interests.

 

As a general matter, Marsico does not tie portfolio manager compensation to specific levels of performance relative to fixed benchmarks. Although performance may be a relevant consideration, comparisons with fixed benchmarks may not always be useful. Relevant benchmarks vary depending on specific investment styles and client guidelines or restrictions, and comparisons to benchmark performance may at times receal more about market sentiment than about a portfolio manager’s abilities. To encourage a long-term horizon for managing portfolios, Marsico evaluates a portfolio manager’s performance over periods longer than the immediate compensation period, and may consider a variety of measures such as the performance of unaffiliated portfolios with similar strategies and other measurements. Other factors that may also be significant in determining portfolio manager compensation include, without limitation, the effectiveness of the manager’s leadership within Marsico’s Investment Team, contributions to Marsico’s overall performance, discrete securities analysis, idea generation, ability to support and train other analysts, and other considerations.

 

SECURITIES OWNERSHIP

 

As of October 31, 2009, Mr. Gendelman did not beneficially own any shares of Harbor International Growth Fund or Harbor Global Growth Fund and Messrs. Gilchrist and Marsico did not beneficially own any shares of Harbor Global Growth Fund.

 

Pzena Investment Management, LLC

 

 

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

Conflicts of interest may arise in managing the Fund’s portfolio investments, on the one hand, and the

 

 

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portfolios of Pzena’s other clients and/or accounts (together “Accounts”), on the other. Set forth below is a brief description of some of the material conflicts which may arise and Pzena’s policy or procedure for handling them.

 

Although Pzena has designed such procedures to prevent and address conflicts, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect every situation in which a conflict arises.

 

The management of multiple Accounts inherently means there may be competing interests for the portfolio management team’s time and attention. Pzena seeks to minimize this by utilizing one investment approach (i.e., “classic” value investing), and by managing all Accounts on a product specific basis. Thus, all global value Accounts, whether they are mutual fund accounts, institutional accounts or individual accounts, are managed using the same investment discipline, strategy and proprietary investment model as the Fund.

 

If the portfolio management team identifies a limited investment opportunity which may be suitable for more than one Account, the Fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity. However, Pzena has adopted procedures for allocating portfolio transactions across Accounts so that each Account is treated fairly.

 

With respect to securities transactions for the Accounts, Pzena determines which broker to use to execute each order, consistent with its duty to seek best execution. Pzena aggregates like orders where it believes doing so is beneficial to the Accounts. However, with respect to certain Accounts, Pzena may be limited by clients with respect to the selection of brokers or it may be instructed to direct trades through particular brokers. In these cases, Pzena may place separate, non-simultaneous transactions for the Fund and another Account which may temporarily affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction to the detriment of one or the other.

 

Pzena manages some Accounts under performance-based fee arrangements. Pzena recognizes that this type of incentive compensation creates the risk for potential conflicts of interest. The structure may create inherent pressure to allocate investments having a greater potential for higher returns to those Accounts with higher performance fees. To prevent conflicts of interest associated with managing accounts with different fee structures, Pzena generally requires portfolio decisions to be made on a product specific basis (i.e., for all global value Accounts). Pzena also requires pre-allocation of all client orders based on specific fee-neutral criteria set forth above. Additionally, Pzena requires average pricing of all aggregated orders. Finally, Pzena has adopted a policy prohibiting portfolio managers (and all employees) from placing the investment interests of one client or a group of clients with the same investment objectives above the investment interests of any other client or group of clients with the same or similar investment objectives.

 

COMPENSATION

 

Ms. Cai, Messrs. Goetz and Peterson and the other investment professionals at Pzena are compensated through a combination of a fixed base salary, performance bonus and equity ownership, if appropriate, due to superior personal performance. Pzena avoids a compensation model that is driven by individual security performance, as it believes this can lead to short-term thinking which is contrary to the firm’s value investment philosophy. Pzena considers both quantitative and qualitative factors when determining performance bonuses. The portfolio managers’ bonuses are not specifically dependent upon the performance of the Fund relative to the performance of the Fund’s benchmark, the MSCI World Index. For investment professionals, we examine such things as effort, efficiency, ability to focus on the correct issues, stock modeling ability, and ability to successfully interact with company management. However, we always look at the person as a whole and the contributions that they have made and are likely to make in the future. The time frame we examine for bonus compensation is annual. Longer-term success is required for equity ownership consideration. Ms. Cai, Messrs. Goetz and Peterson are equity owners of Pzena. Ultimately, equity ownership is the primary tool used by Pzena for attracting and retaining the best people.

 

SECURITIES OWNERSHIP

 

As of October 31, 2009, Ms. Cai, Messrs. Goetz and Peterson did not beneficially own any shares of Harbor Global Value Fund.

 

Shenkman Capital Management, Inc.

 

 

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

As a general matter, Shenkman Capital attempts to minimize conflicts of interest. To that end, Shenkman Capital has implemented policies and procedures for the identification of conflicts of interest, a full copy of which is set forth in the firm’s Compliance Manual. In accordance with this policy, Shenkman Capital has identified certain potential conflicts of interest in connection with its management of Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund.

 

A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of Shenkman Capital’s management of other accounts with varying investment guidelines. Shenkman Capital adheres to a systematic process for the approval, allocation and execution of trades. It is Shenkman Capital’s basic policy that investment opportunities be allocated among client accounts with similar investment objectives fairly over time while attempting to maintain minimum dispersion of returns. Because of the differences in client investment objectives and

 

 

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strategies, risk tolerances, tax status and other criteria, there may, however, be differences among clients in invested positions and securities held. Moreover, Shenkman Capital may purchase a security for one client account while appropriately selling that same security for another client account. Certain accounts managed by Shenkman Capital may also be permitted to sell securities short. Accordingly, Shenkman Capital and its employees may take short positions in equity securities of certain issuers for their own account or for the account of any other client at the same time the debt securities, convertible securities or bank loans of such issuers are held long in client accounts. When Shenkman Capital or its employees engage in short sales of securities, they could be seen as harming the performance of one or more clients, including Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund, for the benefit of the account engaging in short sales if the short sales cause the market value of the securities to fall. Conversely, Shenkman Capital and its employees may take long positions in equity securities of certain issuers for their own account or for the account of any other client at the same time the debt securities, convertible securities or bank loans of such issuers are sold out of client accounts. Shenkman Capital also acts as investment manager to companies that have, or may in the future have, non-investment grade securities outstanding. Shenkman Capital may purchase these securities for its client accounts, including for Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund. Additionally, Shenkman Capital is not precluded from investing in securities of a company held in some of its client accounts in which such other of its clients have senior or subordinated rights relative to the other, or vice versa.

 

Shenkman Capital permits its team members to trade securities for their own accounts. Investment personnel, through their position with the firm, are in a position to take investment opportunities for themselves before such opportunities are executed on behalf of clients. Thus, Shenkman Capital has an obligation to assure that its team members do not “front-run” trades for clients or otherwise favor their own accounts. To that end, Shenkman Capital maintains a personal trading policy that includes pre-clearance procedures that require team members to pre-clear trades in securities of all companies, as well as shares of mutual funds for which Shenkman Capital acts as subadviser.

 

Shenkman Capital is entitled to receive performance fees from certain client accounts. The existence of those fees may incentivize the portfolio managers to disproportionately allocate investment opportunities to these accounts. Shenkman Capital maintains an allocation policy and the firm’s Chief Compliance Officer periodically reviews dispersion among the accounts and allocations to ensure that they are being allocated among all eligible accounts in an equitable manner.

 

Shenkman Capital may execute transactions between or among client accounts (including rebalancing trades between client accounts) by executing simultaneous purchase and sale orders for the same security. Even in situations where Shenkman Capital believes there is no disadvantage to its clients, these “cross trade” transactions may nonetheless create an inherent conflict of interest because Shenkman Capital has a duty to obtain a price equitable for both the selling client and the purchasing client. When engaging in cross transactions, Shenkman Capital ensures that all parties to the transaction receive at least as favorable a price as would be received if the transaction were executed on the open market.

 

COMPENSATION

 

Shenkman Capital offers a highly competitive total compensation package. All team members receive a complete benefits package, base salary, and an annual bonus predicated on individual and firm performance. The percentage of compensation from salary and bonus varies by a team member’s merit. Typically, a bonus is a larger percentage of annual compensation for team members that have made contributions to the firm and achieved a long tenure with the firm.

 

Messrs. Shenkman, Flanagan and Whitley serve as co-portfolio managers for Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund. Portfolio Managers represent the majority of the firm’s senior management. Their compensation is not formally tied to a specific list of criteria. They are compensated based on their ability to implement the firm’s investment strategy, their ability to effectively perform their respective managerial functions, the overall investment performance of the firm, as well as the firm’s growth and profitability. All of the senior Portfolio Managers are owners of the firm.

 

The Portfolio Managers’ compensation is not based on the performance of Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund or the value of assets held in its portfolio.

 

SECURITIES OWNERSHIP

 

As of October 31, 2009, Mr. Flanagan beneficially owned shares of Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund with a value of between $50,001 and $100,000. Messrs. Shenkman and Whitley did not beneficially own any shares of Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund.

Pacific Investment Management Company, LLC  

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

From time to time, potential conflicts of interest may arise between the portfolio manager’s management of the investments of a Fund managed by PIMCO, on the one hand, and the management of other accounts, on the other. The other accounts might have similar investment objectives or strategies as the Funds, track the same index a Fund tracks or otherwise hold, purchase, or sell securities that are eligible to be held, purchased or sold by the Funds. The other accounts might also have different investment

 

 

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THE PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

 

 

 

objectives or strategies than the Funds.

 

Knowledge and Timing of Fund Trades. A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager’s day-to-day management of the Fund. Because of their positions with the Funds, the portfolio managers know the size, timing and possible market impact of a Fund’s trades. It is theoretically possible that the portfolio managers could use this information to the advantage of other accounts they manage and to the possible detriment of a Fund.

 

Investment Opportunities. A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager’s management of a number of accounts with varying investment guidelines. Often, an investment opportunity may be suitable for both the Fund and other accounts managed by the portfolio manager, but may not be available in sufficient quantities for both the Fund and the other accounts to participate fully. Similarly, there may be limited opportunity to sell an investment held by the Fund and another account. PIMCO has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities on a fair and equitable basis over time.

 

Under PIMCO’s allocation procedures, investment opportunities are allocated among various investment strategies based on individual account investment guidelines and PIMCO’s investment outlook. PIMCO has also adopted additional procedures to complement the general trade allocation policy that are designed to address potential conflicts of interest due to the side-by-side management of the Funds and certain pooled investment vehicles, including investment opportunity allocation issues.

 

Performance Fees. A portfolio manager may advise certain accounts with respect to which the advisory fee is based entirely or partially on performance. Performance fee arrangements may create a conflict of interest for the portfolio manager in that the portfolio manager may have an incentive to allocate the investment opportunities that he or she believes might be the most profitable to such other accounts instead of allocating them to a Fund. PIMCO has represented to the Adviser that PIMCO has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities between the Funds and such other accounts on a fair and equitable basis over time.

 

COMPENSATION

 

PIMCO has adopted a “Total Compensation Plan” for its professional level employees, including its portfolio managers, that is designed to pay competitive compensation and reward performance, integrity and teamwork consistent with the firm’s mission statement. The Total Compensation Plan includes a significant incentive component that rewards high performance standards, work ethic and consistent individual and team contributions to the firm. The compensation of portfolio managers consists of a base salary, a bonus, and may include a retention bonus. Portfolio managers who are Managing Directors of PIMCO also receive compensation from PIMCO’s profits. Certain employees of PIMCO, including portfolio managers, may elect to defer compensation through PIMCO’s deferred compensation plan. PIMCO also offers its employees a non-contributory defined contribution plan through which PIMCO makes a contribution based on the employee’s compensation. PIMCO’s contribution rate increases at a specified compensation level, which is a level that would include portfolio managers.

 

Salary and Bonus. Base salaries are fixed and are determined by considering an individual portfolio manager’s experience and expertise and may be reviewed for adjustment annually. Portfolio managers are entitled to receive bonuses, which may be significantly more than their base salary, upon attaining certain performance objectives based on predetermined measures of group or department success. These goals are specific to individual portfolio managers and are mutually agreed upon annually by each portfolio manager and his or her manager. Achievement of these goals is an important, but not exclusive, element of the bonus decision process.

 

In addition, the following non-exclusive list of qualitative criteria (collectively, the “Bonus Factors”) may be considered when determining the bonus for portfolio managers:

 

•     3-year, 2-year and 1-year dollar-weighted and account-weighted, pre-tax investment performance as judged against the applicable benchmarks for each account managed by a portfolio manager (including the Funds) and relative to applicable industry peer groups.

 

•     Appropriate risk positioning that is consistent with PIMCO’s investment philosophy and the Investment Committee/CIO approach to the generation of alpha;

 

•     Amount and nature of assets managed by the portfolio manager;

 

•     Consistency of investment performance across portfolios of similar mandate and guidelines (reward low dispersion);

 

•     Generation and contribution of investment ideas in the context of PIMCO’s secular and cyclical forums, portfolio strategy meetings, Investment Committee meetings, and on a day-to-day basis;

 

•     Absence of defaults and price defaults for issues in the portfolios managed by the portfolio manager;

 

•     Contributions to asset retention, gathering and client satisfaction;

 

•     Contributions to mentoring, coaching and/or supervising; and

 

 

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THE PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

 

 

 

 

•     Personal growth and skills added.

 

A portfolio manager’s compensation is not based directly on the performance of the Funds or any other account managed by that portfolio manager. Final bonus award amounts are determined by the PIMCO Compensation Committee.

 

Retention Bonuses. Certain portfolio managers may receive a discretionary, fixed amount retention bonus, based upon the Bonus Factors and continued employment with PIMCO. Each portfolio manager who is a Senior Vice President or Executive Vice President of PIMCO receives a variable amount retention bonus, based upon the Bonus Factors and continued employment with PIMCO.

 

Investment professionals, including portfolio managers, are eligible to participate in a Long Term Cash Bonus Plan (“Cash Bonus Plan”), which provides cash awards that appreciate or depreciate based upon the performance of PIMCO’s parent company, Allianz Global Investors (“AGI”), and PIMCO over a three-year period. The aggregate amount available for distribution to participants is based upon AGI’s profit growth and PIMCO’s profit growth. Participation in the Cash Bonus Plan is based upon the Bonus Factors, and the payment of benefits from the Cash Bonus Plan is contingent upon continued employment at PIMCO.

 

Profit Sharing Plan. Instead of a bonus, portfolio managers who are Managing Directors of PIMCO receive compensation from a non-qualified profit sharing plan consisting of a portion of PIMCO’s net profits. Portfolio managers who are Managing Directors receive an amount determined by the Managing Director Compensation Committee, based upon an individual’s overall contribution to the firm and the Bonus Factors. Under his employment agreement, William Gross receives a fixed percentage of the profit sharing plan.

 

Allianz Transaction Related Compensation. In May 2000, a majority interest in the predecessor holding company of PIMCO was acquired by a subsidiary of Allianz AG (currently known as Allianz SE) (“Allianz”). In connection with the transaction, Mr. Gross received a grant of restricted stock of Allianz, the last of which vested on May 5, 2005.

 

From time to time, under the PIMCO Class B Unit Purchase Plan, Managing Directors and certain executive management (including Executive Vice Presidents) of PIMCO may become eligible to purchase Class B Units of PIMCO. Upon their purchase, the Class B Units are immediately exchanged for Class A Units of PIMCO Partners, LLC, a California limited liability company that holds a minority interest in PIMCO and is owned by the Managing Directors and certain executive management of PIMCO. The Class A Units of PIMCO Partners, LLC entitle their holders to distributions of a portion of the profits of PIMCO. The PIMCO Compensation Committee determines which Managing Directors and executive management may purchase Class B Units and the number of Class B Units that each may purchase. The Class B Units are purchased pursuant to full recourse notes issued to the holder. The base compensation of each Class B Unit holder is increased in an amount equal to the principal amortization applicable to the notes given by the Managing Director or member of executive management.

 

Portfolio managers who are Managing Directors also have long-term employment contracts, which guarantee severance payments in the event of involuntary termination of a Managing Director’s employment with PIMCO.

 

SECURITIES OWNERSHIP

 

As of October 31, 2009 Mr. Gross did not beneficially own any shares of Harbor Bond Fund, and Mr. Worah did not beneficially own any shares of Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund or Harbor Real Return Fund. Mr. Dialynas did not beneficially own any shares of Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund (commenced operations April 1, 2010).

Fischer Francis Trees & Watts, Inc.  

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

Conflicts of interest of the type that may arise when an investment adviser serves as an adviser to both a mutual fund and to other segregated accounts are minimized at FFTW by FFTW’s investment management decision making process and FFTW’s trade allocation policy.

 

FFTW’s investment team is organized into teams by product area. The teams are responsible for determining strategy for all portfolios within their group. Views are debated and strategy is determined in weekly strategy sessions, with the participation of heads of each product team. Strategy and positions are expressed in terms of risk exposures relative to a benchmark which are then translated into portfolio positions according to each client’s benchmark and guideline parameters.

 

Every portfolio, including mutual fund portfolios, is assigned to a Portfolio Manager within the relevant product area. The Portfolio Manager is responsible for ensuring the implementation of the product strategy in each portfolio, subject to benchmark limitations and guideline parameters. The portfolio manager either executes trades in the portfolio himself or delegates to another member of the investment team who assumes responsibility for issue selection within that sector. This process ensures that investment decisions for specific portfolios are consistent with the strategy for the product area, taking into account the individual portfolio’s benchmark, risk parameters and investment guidelines.

 

 

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THE PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

 

 

 

 

In terms of setting a portfolio’s risk parameters, these are established at the portfolio’s inception, based upon the client’s investment guidelines and overall risk preferences. The Portfolio Manager and the Client Portfolio Manager monitor the portfolio’s compliance with such parameters on an ongoing basis, while ultimately the Risk Oversight group assumes responsibility for ensuring guideline compliance.

 

This process ensures that strategy is determined at the product level and executed across all portfolios within that product grouping, subject only to pre-determined risk parameters and to client guideline and benchmark parameters.

 

In addition, FFTW executes trades on behalf of all similarly managed accounts within a product group on a block basis. Block transactions are allocated fairly and equitably across all participating accounts utilizing an automated, non-preferential proprietary trade execution system that allocates the trades according to each participating portfolio’s size and pre-determined, pre-programmed risk profile. The automated allocation system ensures that no managed account is favored with respect to the selection of securities or timing of purchase or sale of securities over another account.

 

Trade allocation and best execution practices are monitored and reviewed on a monthly basis as part of the Global Compliance Monitoring Program, which is carried out independently by FFTW’s Risk Oversight group. This review takes into consideration FFTW’s trading procedures and the nature of the fixed income markets. Trade execution prices for a sampling of trades are compared with an independent source. An explanation is sought from the investment professional in the event of significant variance between the trade execution price and the price determined by the independent source. The variance is noted and included in a report issued to senior management on a quarterly basis. Any deviations which occurred from FFTW’s policy to allocate investment opportunities fairly and equitably across all participating accounts would be identified during this review.

 

As described below, to address these potential conflicts, FFTW’s investment decision-making and trade allocation policies and procedures are designed to ensure that none of the firm’s clients are disadvantaged in the firm’s management of accounts. Additionally, the firm’s internal controls are tested on a routine schedule as part of FFTW’s Global Compliance Monitoring Program and annually, the firm engages its external auditor to perform a SAS 70 exam.

 

COMPENSATION

 

FFTW aims to provide all staff with total compensation packages that are competitive with the applicable local market (New York, Paris, London, Tokyo, and Singapore). Compensation is based on a combination of individual, team, and firm. FFTW has a carefully considered approach to compensation (described below) which is a significant factor in retaining both key and promising employees.

 

FFTW aims to attract and retain staff with total compensation packages competitive with the applicable local market (New York, London and Singapore). Compensation is based on a combination of individual, team, and firm performance. There are two standard components of the remuneration structure for professional staff based on market survey data: salary and discretionary bonus. A significant portion of remuneration for investment professionals is variable compensation, which is dependent on their investment results and value-added results for clients, as well as other important responsibilities such as contributions to developing the investment process and interaction with clients. Discretionary bonuses are available to all qualified employees. For more senior professionals, the overall profitability of the firm becomes increasingly important to overall compensation levels. In addition, a long term incentive plan aligning team and firm profits with senior level compensation is being established

 

SECURITIES OWNERSHIP

 

As of October 31, 2009, Mr. O’Donnell did not beneficially own any shares of Harbor Short Duration Fund or Harbor Money Market Fund.

Harbor Capital Advisors, Inc.

 

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

While it is possible that potential conflicts of interest may arise in connection with the portfolio managers’ management of the Target Retirement Funds, most of these potential conflicts are mitigated by the Adviser’s use of the manager-of-managers approach whereby the Adviser selects and oversees subadvisers who are responsible for the day-to-day management of the assets of the underlying Harbor Funds. A potential conflict of interest may arise, for example, if the portfolio managers were to allocate more assets of the Target Retirement Funds to those underlying Harbor Funds with higher management fees. The Adviser follows a well-defined asset allocation process for the Target Retirement Funds to limit this potential conflict of interest.

 

COMPENSATION

 

The Adviser’s compensation methodology for the portfolio managers consists of the following components:

 

(1)    Base Salary. Base salary is a fixed amount determined at the beginning of each calendar year. Each portfolio manager’s base salary is based upon the responsibilities of his or her position with the Adviser, years of service and contribution to the long-term performance of the Adviser.

 

 

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THE PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

 

 

 

 

(2)    Annual Cash Bonus. Portfolio managers generally participate in at least one and possibly more bonus programs of the Adviser.

 

A.     Profit Sharing Plan (PSP). Virtually every employee of the Adviser participates in the PSP or a similar program. The PSP provides for a possible incentive payment based upon the Adviser’s EBIT (earnings before interest and taxes) margin percentage compared to its budgeted EBIT margin percentage. Good control over costs is an important factor in achieving the PSP objectives.

 

B.     Senior Management Incentive Program (SMIP). Most senior professionals of the Adviser participate in the SMIP or a similar incentive plan. The objectives of the SMIP can vary from year to year, although for front-line portfolio managers, objectives will include performance of the Target Retirement Funds compared to benchmarks, performance against budgeted earnings and other objectives as may be determined from year to year.

 

Target percentages for both the PSP and SMIP are established as a percentage of each portfolio manager’s base salary. The target percentages used in the calculation of both the PSP and SMIP are determined through an annual performance evaluation process based on qualitative and quantitative factors.

 

SECURITIES OWNERSHIP

 

As of October 31, 2009, Mr. Chattopadhyay beneficially owned shares of Harbor Target Retirement 2040 Fund with a value between $10,001 and $50,000; Mr. Herbert beneficially owned shares of Harbor Target Retirement 2040 Fund with a value between $100,001 and $500,000; Ms. Molenda beneficially owned shares of Harbor Target Retirement 2030 Fund with a value between $50,001 and $100,000 and shares of Harbor Target Retirement 2050 Fund with a value between $10,001 and $50,000; and Messrs. Collins and Van Hooser did not beneficially own any shares of any of the Target Retirement Funds.

 

 

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THE DISTRIBUTOR

 

 

 

Harbor Funds Distributors, Inc.

 

Harbor Funds Distributors, Inc. (the “Distributor”) acts as the principal underwriter and distributor of each Fund’s shares and continually offers shares of the Funds pursuant to a distribution agreement approved by the Trustees. Its mailing address is Harbor Funds Distributors, Inc., 111 South Wacker Drive, 34th Floor, Chicago, IL 60606. David G. Van Hooser is a Director, the Chief Executive Officer and Treasurer of the Distributor; Charles F. McCain is a Director and Executive Vice President of the Distributor; Charles P. Ragusa is an Executive Vice President of the Distributor; Susan A. DeRoche is the Secretary of the Distributor; and Jodie L. Crotteau is the Assistant Secretary of the Distributor. The Distributor is a Delaware corporation, a registered broker-dealer and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Adviser.

 

Harbor Funds has authorized one or more brokers to accept on its behalf purchase and redemption orders. These brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to accept purchase and redemption orders on Harbor Funds’ behalf. Harbor Funds is deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized broker or, if applicable, the broker’s authorized designee, receives the order prior to the close of regular trading on the NYSE. Shareholders’ orders will be priced at the net asset value per share next determined after they are accepted in good order by an authorized broker or the broker’s authorized designee.

Distribution Plans

 

The Trust has adopted distribution plans pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act with respect to each Fund’s Administrative Class shares and Investor Class shares (collectively the “Plans”). Each Fund, pursuant to the Plans, pays the Distributor compensation at the annual rate of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of Administrative Class shares and of Investor Class shares.

 

All of the Plans compensate the Distributor for the purpose of financing any activity which is primarily intended to result in the sale of Administrative and Investor Class shares of the Funds. Such activities include, but are not limited to, the following: printing of prospectuses and statements of additional information and reports for (other than existing shareholders) prospective shareholders; overhead; preparation and distribution of advertising material and sales literature; expenses of organizing and conducting sales seminars; supplemental payments to dealers and other institutions such as asset-based sales charges or as payments of service fees under shareholder service arrangements; and costs of administering each Plan.

 

Amounts payable by a Fund under the Plans need not be directly related to the expenses actually incurred by the Distributor on behalf of each Fund. The Plans do not obligate the Funds to reimburse the Distributor for the actual expenses the Distributor may incur in fulfilling its obligations under the Plans. Thus, even if the Distributor’s actual expenses exceed the fee payable to the Distributor at any given time, the Funds will not be obligated to pay more than that fee. If the Distributor’s expenses are less than the fee it receives, the Distributor will retain the difference.

 

The Distributor may from time to time waive or reduce any portion of its 12b-1 fee for Administrative Class shares and Investor Class shares. Voluntary fee waivers or reductions may be rescinded at any time without further notice to investors. During periods of voluntary fee waivers or reductions, the Distributor will retain its ability to be reimbursed for such fee prior to the end of each fiscal year.

 

Selected dealers and other financial intermediaries entitled to receive compensation for selling Fund shares and/or providing shareholder servicing services to the intermediaries’ customers who invest in a Fund may receive different compensation related to shares of one particular class over another. Under the Plans, certain financial intermediaries which have entered into service agreements and which sell shares of the Funds on an agency basis, may receive payments from the Distributor pursuant to the respective Plans for distribution services and/or providing shareholder servicing services to the intermediaries’ customers who invest in a Fund.

 

Payments for distribution and service fees are accrued daily and may not exceed 0.25% per annum of daily net assets attributable to Administrative Class shares and Investor Class shares, respectively. Expense incurred by the Distributor under the Plans may not be carried forward for reimbursement by the Administrative Class shares or Investor Class shares of a Fund beyond 12 months from the date such expenses were incurred.

 

Payments pursuant to the Plans are subject to any applicable limitations imposed by rules of FINRA.

 

As required by Rule 12b-1, the Plans and related forms of shareholder service agreements were approved by the Board of Trustees, including a majority of the trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of the Trust and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plans or in any agreements related to the Plans (the “Rule 12b-1 Trustees”). In approving the Plans in accordance with the requirements of Rule 12b-1, the Trustees considered various factors and determined that there is a reasonable likelihood that the Plans would benefit each class of the Funds and its respective shareholders.

 

The anticipated benefits that may result from the Plans with respect to each Fund and/or the classes of each Fund and/or the classes of each Fund and its shareholders include but are not limited to the following: (1) lower brokerage costs; (2) relatively predictable flow of cash; and (3) a well-developed, dependable network of shareholder service agents to help to curb sharp fluctuations in rates of

 

 

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THE DISTRIBUTOR

 

 

 

 

redemptions and sales, thereby reducing the chance that an unanticipated increase in net redemptions could adversely affect the performance of each Fund.

 

Unless terminated earlier in accordance with their terms, the Plans continue from year to year as long as such continuance is specifically approved, in person, at least annually by the Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees. A Plan may be terminated as to any Fund or class by the vote of a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees or, with respect to a particular class, by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of that class.

 

Any change in the Plans that would increase materially the distribution expenses paid by the applicable class requires shareholder approval; otherwise, the Plans may be amended by the Trustees, including a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees, by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting upon such amendment. As long as the Plans are in effect, the selection or nomination of the Independent Trustees is committed to the discretion of the Independent Trustees.

Actual Fees Paid to Harbor Funds Distributors Pursuant to the Distribution Plans  

The actual fees paid by the Funds to the Distributor pursuant to the Plans for the year ended October 31, 2009, were as follows:

         Total Paid to Distributor    Retained by Distributor1     Paid to Intermediaries2
       Administrative
Class
(000s)
   Investor
Class
(000s)
   Administrative
Class
(000s)
   Investor
Class
(000s)
    Administrative
Class
(000s)
   Investor
Class
(000s)
 

DOMESTIC EQUITY FUNDS

                
 

Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund

   $ 612    $ 1,209    $ 4    $ 38      $ 608    $ 1,171
 

Harbor Mid Cap Growth Fund

     443      191      —        3        443      188
 

Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund

     57      48      —        (17     57      65
 

Harbor Large Cap Value Fund

     59      51      —        7        59      44
 

Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund

     1      5      —        1        1      4
 

Harbor Small Cap Value Fund

     74      101      3      9        71      92
 

Harbor Small Company Value Fund

     1      2      1      2        —        —  
 

INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUNDS

                
 

Harbor International Fund

   $ 1,926    $ 5,563    $ 70    $ 448      $ 1,856    $ 5,115
 

Harbor International Growth Fund

     3      106      1      3        2      103
 

GLOBAL EQUITY FUNDS

                
 

Harbor Global Value Fund

   $ 1    $ 2    $ 1    $ 1      $ —      $ 1
 

Harbor Global Growth Fund3

     —        —        —        —          —        —  
 

STRATEGIC MARKETS FUNDS

                
 

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy

Fund

   $ —        N/A    $ —        N/A      $ —        N/A
 

Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund4

     —        N/A      —        N/A        —        N/A
 

FIXED INCOME FUNDS

                
 

Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund

   $ 7    $ 170    $ 3    $ —        $ 4    $ 170
 

Harbor Bond Fund

     275      N/A      52      N/A        223      N/A
 

Harbor Real Return Fund

     2      N/A      2      N/A        —        N/A
 

Harbor Short Duration Fund

     —        N/A      —        N/A        —        N/A
 

Harbor Money Market Fund

     1      N/A      —        N/A        1      N/A
 

TARGET RETIREMENT FUNDS

                
 

Harbor Target Retirement Income Fund5

   $ —      $ —      $ —      $ —        $ —      $ —  
 

Harbor Target Retirement 2010 Fund5

     —        —        —        —          —        —  
 

Harbor Target Retirement 2015 Fund5

     —        —        —        —          —        —  
 

Harbor Target Retirement 2020 Fund5

     —        —        —        —          —        —  
 

Harbor Target Retirement 2025 Fund5

     —        —        —        —          —        —  
 

Harbor Target Retirement 2030 Fund5

     —        —        —        —          —        —  
 

Harbor Target Retirement 2034 Fund5

     —        —        —        —          —        —  
 

Harbor Target Retirement 2040 Fund5

     —        —        —        —          —        —  
 

Harbor Target Retirement 2045 Fund5

     —        —        —        —          —        —  
 

Harbor Target Retirement 2050 Fund5

     —        —        —        —          —        —  
 

 

1         Amounts retained by the Distributor for administrative expenses.

2         Amounts paid by the Distributor to intermediaries for the distribution, shareholder servicing, maintenance of shareholder accounts, and/or other administrative services.

3         Commenced operations March 1, 2009.

4         Commenced operations April 1, 2010.

5         Commenced operations January 2, 2009.

 

 

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THE SHAREHOLDER SERVICING AGENT

 

 

 

Harbor Services Group, Inc.  

Harbor Services Group, Inc. (the “Shareholder Servicing Agent”) acts as the shareholder servicing agent for each Fund and in that capacity maintains certain financial and accounting records of the Funds. Its mailing address is P.O. Box 804660, Chicago, IL 60680-4108. The Shareholder Servicing Agent is a Delaware corporation, a registered transfer agent and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Adviser. David G. Van Hooser and Charles F. McCain are Directors of the Shareholder Servicing Agent; Charles P. Ragusa is the President of the Shareholder Servicing Agent; Anmarie S. Kolinski is the Chief Financial Officer of the Shareholder Servicing Agent; and Jodie L. Crotteau is the Assistant Secretary of the Shareholder Servicing Agent.

 

The Shareholder Servicing Agreement has been approved by the Trustees of the Funds (except the Target Retirement Funds) and provides for compensation up to the following amounts per class of each Fund (except the Target Retirement Funds):

 

    

Share Class

  

Transfer Agent Fees

 

Institutional Class

  

0.08% of the average daily net assets of all Institutional Class shares.

 

Administrative Class

  

0.08% of the average daily net assets of all Administrative Class shares.

 

Investor Class

  

0.20% of the average daily net assets of all Investor Class shares.

 

 

The Target Retirement Funds provide for compensation up to the following amounts per class of each Target Retirement Fund:

 

    

Share Class

  

Transfer Agent Fees

 

Institutional Class

  

0.00% of the average daily net assets of all Institutional Class shares.

 

Administrative Class

  

0.00% of the average daily net assets of all Administrative Class shares.

 

Investor Class

  

0.12% of the average daily net assets of all Investor Class shares.

 

Payments to Financial Intermediaries  

The Shareholder Servicing Agent, the Distributor, the Adviser and/or their affiliates pay fees to unaffiliated intermediaries for providing certain sub-accounting, recordkeeping and/or similar services to shareholders who hold their shares through omnibus accounts that are maintained by the intermediary. These include participants in employee benefit or retirement plans and shareholders who invest through financial intermediaries. These fees may consist of per fund or per sub-account charges which are assessed on a periodic basis (i.e., per year) and/or an asset based fee which is determined based upon the value of the assets maintained by the intermediary. These fees are paid by the Shareholder Servicing Agent out of the transfer agent fees received by the Shareholder Servicing Agent and/or by the Distributor or Adviser out of their own assets, and are not separately paid by the Funds. Because all or a substantial portion of the assets of the Shareholder Servicing Agent, Adviser and Distributor are attributable to fees paid by the Funds, the Funds could be considered to be indirectly paying some or all of these fees to the financial intermediaries when those fees are paid by the Shareholder Servicing Agent, Adviser and/or Distributor out of their own assets. These fees may be in addition to any distribution and shareholder servicing (12b-1) fees received by the Distributor or transfer agent fees received by the Shareholder Servicing Agent. The unaffiliated intermediaries that may be compensated by the Shareholder Servicing Agent, the Distributor or Adviser or its affiliates include employee benefit plan and retirement plan administrators, broker-dealers, banks, trust companies and other financial institutions which maintain accounts for their customers in the Funds. The Adviser may also pay an asset-based fee to an affiliate of its parent company, Robeco, for activities related to the marketing of the Funds outside of the United States. This asset-based fee is determined based upon the value of the assets sold to shareholders located in certain countries outside of the United States. The fee is paid out of the Adviser’s own assets and is not paid separately by the Funds.

 

 

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CODE OF ETHICS

 

 

 

Code of Ethics  

Harbor Funds, the Adviser, the Distributor and each Subadviser have each adopted a code of ethics which complies in all material respects with Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act. These codes of ethics are designed to prevent trustees/directors, officers and designated employees (“Access Persons”) who have access to information concerning portfolio securities transactions of Harbor Funds from using that information for their personal benefit or to the disadvantage of Harbor Funds. These codes of ethics are also designed to prevent both Access Persons and all employees of the Adviser from profiting from short-term trading in shares of any Harbor Funds (except Harbor Short Duration Fund and Harbor Money Market Fund which are not subject to the same short-term trading restrictions). The codes of ethics do permit Access Persons to engage in personal securities transactions for their own account, including securities which may be purchased or held by Harbor Funds, but impose significant restrictions on such transactions and require Access Persons to report all of their personal securities transactions (except for transactions in certain securities where the potential for a conflict of interest is very low such as unaffiliated open-end mutual fund shares and money market instruments). Each of the codes of ethics is on public file with and are available from the SEC.

 

Because each Subadviser is an entity not otherwise affiliated with Harbor Funds or the Adviser, the Adviser relies on each Subadviser to fulfill its responsibility for monitoring the personal trading activities of the Subadviser’s personnel in accordance with that Subadviser’s code of ethics. Each Subadviser provides Harbor Funds’ Board of Trustees with a quarterly certification of the Subadviser’s compliance with its code of ethics and with Rule 17j-1 and a report of any significant violations of its code.

 

 

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PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

 

 

Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Policy  

The Board of Trustees of Harbor Funds has adopted policies and procedures which govern the disclosure of the Funds’ portfolio holdings and the disclosure of statistical information about the Funds’ portfolios.

 

These policies and procedures are designed to strike an appropriate balance between providing enough information to help investors understand the Funds’ recent historical performance and at the same time ensuring that investors do not receive information which would enable them to trade based on that information to the detriment of the Fund or its other shareholders. As an overarching principal, these policies and procedures prohibit the Funds and any service provider to the Funds, including the Adviser, from entering into any arrangement to receive any compensation or consideration, either directly or indirectly, in return for the disclosure of a Fund’s non-public portfolio holdings.

 

These policies and procedures provide that each Fund’s full list of portfolio holdings is published quarterly (monthly with respect to Harbor Money Market Fund and the Target Retirement Funds), with a 15-day lag, on www.harborfunds.com. Each Fund’s top ten portfolio holdings as a percentage of its total net assets are published quarterly, with a 10-day lag, on www.harborfunds.com. This information remains available on Harbor Funds’ website until the information is updated for the subsequent period.

 

For purposes of these policies and procedures, “portfolio holdings” means the individual securities or other instruments held by a Fund. This includes equity and fixed income securities, such as stocks and bonds, and derivative contracts, such as futures, options and swaps held by the Funds. “Portfolio holdings” does not include information which is derived from (but does not include) individual portfolio holdings, such as statistical information about a Fund or a Fund’s aggregate cash position. Statistical information includes information such as how a Fund’s portfolio is divided (in percentage terms) among various industries, sectors, countries, value and growth stocks, small, mid and large cap stocks, credit quality ratings, and maturities. Statistical information also includes financial characteristics about a Fund’s portfolio such as alpha, beta, R-squared, information ratio, Sharpe ratio, various earnings and price based ratios (such as price-to-earnings, price-to-book, and earnings growth), duration, maturity, market capitalization, and portfolio turnover.

 

While statistical information is not considered “portfolio holdings”, the policies and procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees of Harbor Funds limit the disclosure of statistical information derived from portfolio holdings which have not yet been publicly disclosed to further ensure that such information could not be used in a manner which is adverse to the Funds. Specifically, statistical information derived from non-public portfolio holdings data may only be based on a Fund’s month end portfolio holdings data and then may only be released beginning 5 days after that month end date. In addition, only the officers of the Trust and certain employees of Harbor Capital are authorized to release such statistical information and they may not do so if they reasonably believe that the recipient of that statistical information could use that information as a basis on which to trade in the Fund shares to the detriment of the Fund or its other shareholders. Statistical information may be provided to existing or potential shareholders in the Funds and to their representatives for the sole purpose of helping to explain a Fund’s recent historical performance.

 

The policies and procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees of Harbor Funds also prohibit the disclosure of non-public portfolio holdings to third parties except in certain limited circumstances where Harbor Funds or a service provider has a legitimate business purpose for disclosing that information and the recipients are obligated to maintain the confidentiality of that information and are prohibited from using that non-public information to trade for their own account. The Chief Compliance Officer of Harbor Funds must authorize any such disclosure in those limited circumstances.

 

Non-public portfolio holdings are disclosed daily, with no lag, to the following persons for the sole purpose of assisting the service provider in carrying out its designated responsibilities for the Fund or Funds:

 

•     The Adviser with respect to all Funds and each subadviser solely with respect to the Fund for which it serves as subadviser;

 

•     The Funds’ custodian and accounting agent;

 

•     FactSet Research System Inc., which provides data collection and analytic services, for the sole purpose of assisting the Adviser in assessing the Funds’ performance and portfolio attributes;

 

•     Glass, Lewis & Co. LLC, which provides proxy voting information services for the sole purpose of assisting the Adviser in voting proxies on behalf of the equity Funds;

 

•     Institutional Shareholder Services, which provides proxy voting information services for the sole purpose of assisting the Adviser in voting proxies on behalf of the equity Funds;

 

•     FactSet Research Systems Inc., Bloomberg L.P. and Mathias & Carr, each of whom provide services to Jennison, for the sole purpose of assisting Jennison in performing its services as Subadviser to Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund;

 

•     Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., FactSet Research Systems, Inc., Investment Technology Group, Inc., State Street Bank and Trust Company and Glass, Lewis & Co., each of whom provide services to

 

 

   64   

 

     


PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

 

 

 

 

Wellington Management, for the sole purpose of assisting Wellington Management in performing its services as Subadviser to Harbor Mid Cap Growth Fund;

 

•     Advent Software, Inc., which provides services to Westfield, for the sole purpose of assisting Westfield in performing its services as Subadviser to Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund;

 

•     SS&C Technologies, Inc., which provides services to LSV, for the sole purpose of assisting LSV in performing its services as Subadviser to Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund;

 

•     Advent Software, Inc. and FactSet Research Systems, Inc., each of whom provide services to EARNEST Partners, for the sole purpose of assisting EARNEST Partners in performing its services as Subadviser to Harbor Small Cap Value Fund.

 

•     Bank of New York Mellon, which provides services to Evercore, for the sole purpose of assisting Evercore in performing its services to Harbor Small Company Value Fund;

 

•     Boston Investor Services, which serves as the administrator to each Northern Ltd and Northern LLC, for the sole purpose of assisting Northern Ltd and Northern LLC in performing services to Harbor International Fund;

 

•     Advent Software, Inc., which provides services to each Northern Ltd and Northern LLC, for the sole purpose of assisting Northern Ltd and Northern LLC in performing services to Harbor International Fund;

 

•     FactSet Research Systems, Inc., Bloomberg L.P., Advent Software, Inc., Cogent Consulting, and ITG Macgregor XIP, each of whom provide services to Marsico, for the sole purpose of assisting Marsico in performing its services as Subadviser to Harbor International Growth Fund and Harbor Global Growth Fund;

 

•     Electra Information Systems, Inc. and FactSet Research Systems Inc., each of whom provide services to Pzena, for the sole purpose of assisting Pzena in performing its services as Subadviser to Harbor Global Value Fund; and

 

•     FactSet Research Systems Inc., Bloomberg L.P., Electra Information Systems, Inc. and Markit WSO Corporation, each of whom provide services to Shenkman Capital, for the sole purpose of assisting Shenkman Capital in performing its services as Subadviser to Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund.

 

Harbor Funds seeks to avoid potential conflicts between the interests of the Funds’ shareholders and those of the Funds’ service providers and ensure that non-public portfolio holdings information is disclosed only when such disclosure is in the best interests of a Fund and its shareholders. Harbor Funds seeks to accomplish this by permitting such disclosure solely for the purpose of assisting the service provider in carrying out its designated responsibilities for the Fund or Funds and by requiring any such disclosure to be authorized in the manner described above. The Board of Trustees receives a report at least annually concerning the effectiveness and operation of the Funds’ policies and procedures, including those governing the disclosure of portfolio information.

 

 

   65   

 

     


PROXY VOTING

 

 

 

Proxy Voting Policy  

The Board of Trustees of Harbor Funds has adopted proxy voting policies, procedures and guidelines (the “Proxy Voting Guidelines”) to govern the voting of proxies by each Harbor fund that invests in equity securities. The Board has delegated the responsibility for the administration of the proxy voting process generally and the voting of the proxies specifically to the Proxy Voting Committee (the “Committee”) of the Adviser. The Committee is comprised of senior staff of the Adviser, including several who also serve either as a Trustee and/or officer of Harbor Funds. The Committee reports directly to the Board. As the investment adviser to each Fund, the Adviser and its staff are subject to a fiduciary duty to act in the best interests of each Fund and its shareholders when carrying out their proxy voting responsibilities on behalf of the Funds. This policy does not permit the Board to delegate voting authority to anyone who does not serve as a fiduciary to the Funds.

 

OVERALL OBJECTIVE

 

The objective of the Proxy Voting Guidelines established by the Board of Trustees of Harbor Funds is to support proxy proposals and director nominees that maximize the value of a Fund’s investment in portfolio securities over the long term. While the objective is straight forward, the Funds receive a broad range of proposals that are frequently complex. As a result, the Proxy Voting Guidelines are designed to provide the Committee with a framework for assessing each proposal and delineate factors which the Committee should consider as part of its voting decision. The Committee evaluates each proposal on its own merits taking into account the particular facts and circumstances presented.

 

The Committee is obligated to vote proxies in a manner which is consistent with its fiduciary duty to act in the best interests of each Fund and its shareholders. Normally, this means that the Committee will cast votes in accordance with the Proxy Voting Guidelines. However, in the event the Proxy Voting Guidelines do not address a particular proposal adequately, the Committee may vote in a manner which it believes, based upon an assessment of the facts and circumstances, is in the best interests of the respective Fund and its shareholders.

The Committee also is responsible for making recommendations and providing guidance to the Board as to the nature and scope of the Proxy Voting Guidelines based upon its experience in voting proxies. The Committee also is responsible for apprising the Board of current developments, both from an industry and regulatory perspective, which the Committee believes may affect the Proxy Voting Guidelines or the administration of the proxy voting process by the Committee. Furthermore, the Committee is responsible for reporting to the Board on the proxy voting process, including a summary of the proxy voting results for each Fund and any instance, expected to be rare, in which votes were cast in a manner which deviated from the Proxy Voting Guidelines.

 

VOTING PROCESS

 

In order to facilitate the proxy voting process, Harbor Funds and the Adviser have retained Glass, Lewis & Co. (“Glass Lewis”), an independent proxy voting agent, to assist in the proxy voting process. Glass Lewis is responsible for collecting, reviewing, and analyzing each proxy received by a Fund and notifying the Committee that a proxy vote is required. The Adviser also has retained Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”), a division of RiskMetrics, to provide additional research, analysis and voting recommendations.

 

In evaluating proxy proposals, the Committee considers information from many sources, including but not limited to, the Subadvisers, management or shareholders of a company presenting a proposal, and independent proxy research services (currently, Glass Lewis and ISS). Glass Lewis and ISS provide an analysis of the proxy proposals and specific vote recommendation to assist in the proxy research process. While the Committee will normally take into account the information provided by Glass Lewis and ISS, the Committee is responsible for making all voting decisions in accordance with the Proxy Voting Guidelines and the Committee’s fiduciary duty to act in the best interests of each Fund and its shareholders. The Committee is responsible for maintaining appropriate documentation and assuring that it adequately reflects the basis for any vote which is cast in a manner which deviates from the Proxy Voting Guidelines.

 

PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES

 

The Board has established the Proxy Voting Guidelines to cover many of the issues that frequently occur in proxy voting. However, the Proxy Voting Guidelines cannot cover all possible voting scenarios or proposals that the Funds may receive. In the absence of a specific guideline, the Committee must evaluate each proposal and vote each proxy in a manner that is consistent with the objective and spirit of these Proxy Voting Guidelines. It is also permissible for the Committee to refrain from voting a proxy if it determines that it would be in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders to not vote in that instance. This may arise when voting would result in the imposition of trading or similar restrictions on a Fund or when the expected cost of voting exceeds the benefits of voting.

 

The following is a summary of the more significant Proxy Voting Guidelines established by the Board:

 

•     Consideration Given Company Recommendations. One of the primary factors a Fund portfolio

 

 

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PROXY VOTING

 

 

 

 

manager considers when determining the desirability of investing in a particular company is the quality and depth of its management. The Proxy Voting Guidelines were developed with the recognition that an operating company’s management is entrusted with the day-to-day operations of the company, as well as its long-term direction and strategic planning, subject to oversight by the company’s board of directors, while staying focused on maximizing shareholder value. Accordingly, the Board believes that the recommendation of the company’s board of directors and management on most issues should be given weight in determining how proxy issues should be voted. This reflects the basic investment philosophy that good management is shareholder focused. However, the position of the company’s board or directors or management will not be supported in any situation where that position is found not to be in the best interests of the Fund. As a result, the Board expects that the Funds would vote against a proposal recommended by the company’s board of directors or management when they conclude that a particular proposal may adversely affect the long-term investment merits of owning stock in that portfolio company.

 

•     Boards of Directors and Director Nominees. The Funds generally support boards of directors and director nominees of companies with a majority of independent directors and key committees that are comprised entirely of independent directors. The Funds will generally support all directors on the nominating committee when the committee is made up of a majority of independent directors and when the nominating committee is chaired by an independent board member. The Funds will withhold votes from inside directors who serve on the compensation and audit committees, unless the company is majority controlled by such inside director or affiliated beneficial owners. The Funds will generally withhold votes for outside directors who do not meet certain criteria relating to their independence. The Funds will also generally withhold votes from any director that misses more than one-fourth of scheduled board meetings, without valid reasons for absences, and will generally withhold votes from directors who sit on an excessive number of public company boards.

 

The Funds also hold directors accountable for the actions of the committees on which the directors serve. The Funds will also generally support efforts to declassify existing boards, and will block efforts by companies to adopt classified board structures.

 

In the case of contested board elections, the Committee evaluates the nominees’ qualifications and the performance of the incumbent board, as well as the rationale behind the dissidents’ campaign.

 

•     Majority Vote Standard. The Funds will consider each proposal on a case-by-case basis, but generally will support efforts to implement a majority vote standard for the election of directors. However, the Funds will also take into account the extent to which a company has taken other reasonable steps to achieve the same objective and will generally vote against a majority vote proposal when the Funds believe such other steps are in fact reasonable.

 

•     Cumulative Voting. The Funds generally will vote against cumulative voting proposals on the premise that cumulative voting allows shareholders a voice in director elections that is disproportionate to the shareholders’ economic investment in the company. Cumulative voting allows a shareholder to cast all of his or her votes for a single director.

 

•     Approval of Independent Auditors. The Funds generally support a relationship between a company and its auditors that is limited primarily to the audit, although it may include certain closely related activities that do not, in the aggregate, cause the auditor’s independence to be impaired. The Funds generally will support management’s recommendation for the ratification of the auditor except in instances where audit and audit-related fees make up less than 50% of the total fees paid by the company to the audit firm. The Funds will evaluate on a case-by-case basis those situations in which the audit firm has a substantial non-audit relationship with the company (regardless of its size relative to the audit fee) to determine whether the Funds believe independence may have been compromised.

 

•     Equity-based compensation plans and bonus plans. The Funds support appropriately designed stock-based compensation plans, administered by an independent committee of the board and approved by shareholders, to align the interests of long-term shareholders and the interests of management, employees, and directors. The Funds oppose stock-based compensation plans that substantially dilute Fund shareholders’ ownership interest in the company, provide participants with excessive awards, or have inherently objectionable structural features. The Funds will evaluate stock-based compensation proposals on several factors to determine whether a particular plan or proposal balances the perspectives of employees and the company’s other shareholders. The Funds will generally vote against stock-based compensation plans where the total potential dilution exceeds certain thresholds or if annual option grants exceed a certain percentage of shares outstanding. The Funds also will vote against plans that have any of the following features: the ability to re-price underwater options, the ability to issue options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price, the ability to issue reload options and the automatic share replenishment (“evergreen”) feature.

 

The Funds generally will support reasonable measures intended to increase long-term stock

 

 

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PROXY VOTING

 

 

 

 

 

ownership by executives. The Funds support the expensing of the fair value of option grants because it substantially eliminates the preferential financial statement treatment of stock grants.

 

The Funds may support the use of employee stock purchase plans to increase company stock ownership by employees, provided that shares purchased under the plan are acquired for no less than 85% of their market value. In the case of foreign company employee stock purchase plans, the Funds may permit a lower minimum stock purchase price equal to the prevailing best practices or customary standards in the relevant foreign market.

 

The Funds generally will vote in favor of cash and stock incentive plans that are submitted for shareholder approval in order to qualify for favorable tax treatment under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, provided that the plan includes well defined and appropriate performance criteria, and with respect to any cash component, that the maximum award per participant is clearly stated and is not unreasonable or excessive.

 

•     Anti-Takeover and Corporate Governance Issues. The Funds believe that shareholders should have voting power equal to their equity interest in the company and should be able to approve (or reject) changes to the corporation’s by-laws by a simple majority vote. Accordingly, the Funds support proposals to remove super-majority voting requirements for certain types of proposals. The Funds will vote against proposals to impose super-majority requirements. The Funds also support proposals to lower barriers to shareholder action (e.g., limited rights to call special meetings or limited rights to act by written consent). When reviewing such proposals, the Funds consider a number of factors, including but not limited to the length of time a shareholder has owned shares of the company, the market capitalization of the company and the rationale provided by the shareholder in its proposal. The Funds will vote against proposals for a separate class of stock with disparate voting rights.

 

The Funds generally vote for proposals to subject poison pills to a shareholder vote. In evaluating these plans, the Funds will be more likely to support arrangements with short-term sunset provisions, qualified bid/permitted offer provisions and/or mandatory review by a committee of independent directors at least every three years. The Funds generally will vote against shareholder rights plans that are long term, are renewed automatically or without a shareholder vote, where the ownership trigger is 15% or below and/or the board is classified or not appropriately independent.

 

•     Social and Corporate Policy Issues. Proposals in this category, frequently initiated by shareholders, typically request that the company disclose or amend certain business practices. In general, the Funds believe that these matters are primarily the responsibility of management. Such matters should be evaluated and approved solely by the corporation’s board of directors. Generally, the Funds will vote with a company’s management on such issues although it may make exceptions where it believes a proposal has significant economic merit that has not been adequately addressed by management and is in the best interests of the Funds and their shareholders.

 

The Funds generally vote against shareholder proposals requesting that companies subject their executive compensation programs to an advisory shareholder vote (so called “say on pay” proposals). The Funds believe that a simple “yes/no” vote on such a multifaceted issue does not provide helpful feedback to a company’s board of directors.

 

•     Foreign Companies. Corporate governance standards, disclosure requirements and voting processes vary significantly among the foreign markets in which the Funds may invest. The Funds will generally vote proxies for foreign companies in a manner which the Funds believe is consistent with the objective of the Proxy Voting Guidelines, while taking into account differing practices by market.

 

There may be many instances where the Funds elect not to vote proxies relating to foreign securities. Many foreign markets require that securities be blocked or re-registered to vote at a company’s shareholder meeting. The Funds will normally not vote proxies in foreign markets that require the securities be blocked or re-registered to vote so as to not subject the Funds to the loss of liquidity imposed by these requirements unless the proposal is expected to have a significant economic impact on the Funds’ investments.

 

In addition, the costs of voting in foreign markets (e.g., including custodian fees and voting agency fees) may be substantially higher than for U.S. holdings. As a result, the Funds may choose not to vote proxies relating to foreign securities held by clients in instances where the issues presented are unlikely to have a material impact on the value of a client’s investment in that foreign security.

 

•     Voting for a Fund which Invests in Other Harbor Funds. Certain Funds (the “acquiring funds”) may, from time to time, own shares of other Harbor Funds (the “underlying funds”). If an underlying fund submits a matter to a vote of its shareholders, votes for and against such matters on behalf of the acquiring funds will be cast in the same proportion as the votes of the other shareholders in the underlying funds. This is known as “echo voting” and is designed to avoid any potential conflict of interest.

 

 

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PROXY VOTING

 

 

 

 

 

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

The Committee has the obligation to assess the extent, if any, to which there may be a material conflict between the interests of a Fund on the one hand and the Adviser and its affiliates, directors, officers, employees (and other similar persons) on the other hand. The Committee performs this assessment for each proxy on a proposal-by-proposal basis, and a conflict with respect to one proposal in a proxy does not indicate that a conflict exists with respect to any other proposal in such proxy.

 

If the Committee determines that a conflict may exist, it will resolve the conflict in accordance with the guidelines set forth in the Funds’ Proxy Voting Guidelines and promptly report the matter and its resolution to the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer. The Committee is authorized to resolve any such conflict in a manner that is in the best interests of the Funds. The Committee will report all conflicts, and the resolution of such conflicts, to the Board on a quarterly basis. The Committee will use commercially reasonable efforts to determine whether a conflict may exist, and a conflict will be deemed to exist if and only if one ore more members of the Committee actually knew or reasonably should have known of the conflict.

 

PROXY VOTING INFORMATION

 

Information regarding how each Fund voted proxies relating to securities held by the Fund during the most recent 12 month period ended June 30 is available (1) without charge, on the Funds’ website at www.harborfunds.com; and (2) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

 

 

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PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS

 

 

 

  

The Subadvisers are responsible for making specific decisions to buy and sell securities for the respective Funds that they manage. They are also responsible for selecting brokers and dealers to effect these transactions and negotiating, if possible, brokerage commissions and dealers’ charges.

 

Purchases and sales of securities on a securities exchange are effected by brokers, and the Funds pay a brokerage commission for this service. In transactions on stock exchanges in the United States, these commissions are negotiated, whereas on many foreign stock exchanges the commissions are fixed. In the over-the-counter market, securities (e.g., debt securities) are normally traded on a “net” basis with dealers acting as principal for their own accounts without a stated commission, although the price of the securities usually includes a profit to the dealer. In underwritten offerings, securities are purchased at a fixed price which includes an amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriter’s concession or discount. On occasion, certain money market instruments may be purchased directly from an issuer, in which case no commissions or discounts are paid.

 

The primary consideration in placing portfolio security transactions with broker-dealers for execution is to obtain and maintain the availability of execution at the most favorable prices and in the most effective manner possible. Each Subadviser attempts to achieve this result by selecting broker-dealers to execute portfolio transactions on behalf of each Fund and other clients on the basis of the broker-dealers’ professional capability, the value and quality of their brokerage services and the level of their brokerage commissions.

 

Under each Investment Advisory Agreement and Subadvisory Contract and as permitted by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, a Subadviser may cause a Fund to pay a commission to broker-dealers who provide brokerage and research services to the Subadviser for effecting a securities transaction for a Fund. Such commission may exceed the amount other broker-dealers would have charged for the transaction, if the Subadviser determines in good faith that the greater commission is reasonable relative to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the executing broker-dealer viewed in terms of either a particular transaction or the Subadviser’s overall responsibilities to the Funds or to its other clients. The term “brokerage and research services” includes advice as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities, and the availability of securities or of purchasers or sellers of securities, furnishing analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy and the performance of accounts, and effecting securities transactions and performing functions incidental thereto such as clearance and settlement.

 

Although commissions paid on every transaction will, in the judgment of the Subadviser, be reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage services provided, commissions exceeding those which another broker might charge may be paid to broker-dealers who were selected to execute transactions on behalf of the Funds and the Subadviser’s other clients in part for providing advice as to the availability of securities or of purchasers or sellers of securities and services in effecting securities transactions and performing functions incidental thereto such as clearance and settlement.

 

Research provided by brokers is used for the benefit of all of the clients of a Subadviser and not solely or necessarily for the benefit of the Funds. Each Subadviser’s investment management personnel attempt to evaluate the quality of research provided by brokers. Results of this effort are sometimes used by a Subadviser as a consideration in the selection of brokers to execute portfolio transactions.

 

In certain instances there may be securities which are suitable for a Fund’s portfolio as well as for that of another Fund or one or more of the other clients of a Subadviser. Investment decisions for a Fund and for the Subadviser’s other clients are made with a view to achieving their respective investment objectives. It may develop that a particular security is bought or sold for only one client even though it might be held by, or bought or sold for, other clients. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more other clients are selling that same security. Some simultaneous transactions are inevitable when several clients receive investment advice from the same investment adviser, particularly when the same security is suitable for the investment objectives of more than one client. When two or more clients are simultaneously engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security, the securities are allocated among clients in a manner believed to be equitable to each. It is recognized that in some cases this system could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security in a particular transaction as far as a Fund is concerned. Harbor Funds believes that over time its ability to participate in volume transactions will produce better executions for the Funds.

 

Broker Commissions   

The investment advisory fee that the Funds pay to the Adviser will not be reduced as a consequence of the Subadviser’s receipt of brokerage and research services. To the extent a Fund’s portfolio transactions are used to obtain such services, the brokerage commissions paid by the Fund will exceed those that might otherwise be paid, by an amount which cannot be presently determined. Such services would be useful and of value to a Subadviser in serving both the Funds and other clients and, conversely, such services obtained by the placement of brokerage business of other clients would be useful to a Subadviser in carrying out its obligations to the Funds.

 

The table below sets forth information concerning the payment of commissions (which do not include dealer “spreads” (markups or markdowns) on principal trades) by the Funds, including the amount of such commissions paid to affiliates (if any) for the indicated fiscal years:

 

 

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PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS

 

 

 

         Total Brokerage
Commissions
Paid to Brokers
Who Provided
Research
            
        

Year Ended

10/31/2009

         Total Brokerage Commissions Paid
($000s)
 
       ($000s)    2009(%)*     2009     2008     2007  
 

DOMESTIC EQUITY FUNDS

           
 

Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund

   $ 3,247    0.15   $ 9,569      $ 12,469      $ 10,797   
 

Paid to affiliated brokers1

     —      —          —          —          5   
 

Percentage of total brokerage commissions paid to affiliated brokers

     —      —          0.00     0.00     0.05
 

Percentage of the aggregate dollar amount of portfolio transactions involving the payment of commissions to affiliated brokers

     —      —          0.00     0.00     0.02
 

Harbor Mid Cap Growth Fund

   $ 130    0.49   $ 2,297      $ 1,261      $ 533   
 

Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund

     724    0.31        1,000        1,359        1,309   
 

Harbor Large Cap Value Fund

     108    0.13        231        585        1,144   
 

Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund

     23    0.06        23        28        30   
 

Harbor Small Cap Value Fund

     481    0.09        599        1,108        1,120   
 

Harbor Small Company Value Fund2

     —      0.41        16        6        3   
 

INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUNDS

  

 

Harbor International Fund

   $ 13,477    0.07   $ 13,477      $ 23,118      $ 17,086   
 

Harbor International Growth Fund

     161    0.28        3,131        3,267        2,031   
 

GLOBAL EQUITY FUNDS

           
 

Harbor Global Value Fund

   $ 2    0.20   $ 89      $ 94      $ 257   
 

Harbor Global Growth Fund3

     —      0.21        10        N/A        N/A   
 

STRATEGIC MARKETS FUNDS

           
 

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund4

   $ —      0.01   $ 2      $ —          N/A   
 

Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund5

     N/A    N/A        N/A        N/A        N/A   
 

FIXED INCOME FUNDS

           
 

Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund

   $ 5    0.00   $ 5      $ 1      $ 2   
 

Harbor Bond Fund

     —      0.01        239        216        103   
 

Harbor Real Return Fund

     —      0.00        3        7        —     
 

Harbor Short Duration Fund

     —      0.00        1        —          —     
 

Harbor Money Market Fund

     —      0.00        —          —          —     
 

TARGET RETIREMENT FUNDS

           
 

Harbor Target Retirement Income Fund6

   $ —      0.00      $ —          N/A        N/A   
 

Harbor Target Retirement 2010 Fund6

     —      0.00        —          N/A        N/A   
 

Harbor Target Retirement 2015 Fund6

     —      0.00        —          N/A        N/A   
 

Harbor Target Retirement 2020 Fund6

     —      0.00        —          N/A        N/A   
 

Harbor Target Retirement 2025 Fund6

     —      0.00        —          N/A        N/A   
 

Harbor Target Retirement 2030 Fund6

     —      0.00        —          N/A        N/A   
 

Harbor Target Retirement 2035 Fund6

     —      0.00        —          N/A        N/A   
 

Harbor Target Retirement 2040 Fund6

     —      0.00        —          N/A        N/A   
 

Harbor Target Retirement 2045 Fund6

     —      0.00        —          N/A        N/A   
 

Harbor Target Retirement 2050 Fund6

     —      0.00        —          N/A        N/A   
 

 

1        Amounts paid to Wachovia Capital Markets; broker formerly affiliated with Jennison, the Fund’s Subadviser. As of December 31, 2009, Jennison is no longer affiliated with Wachovia Capital Markets.

2        Commenced operations May 1, 2007.

3        Commenced operations March 1, 2009.

4        Commenced operations September 2, 2008.

5        Commenced operations April 1, 2010.

6        Commenced operations January 2, 2009.

*       The brokerage commissions paid expressed as a percentage of average net assets represents the total dollars of brokerage commissions paid by the Fund for the last fiscal year divided by the average net assets of the Fund for the last fiscal year.

             

           

           

           

           

           

            

 

 

The brokerage commissions paid are reflected in the total return of the Fund. The brokerage commissions paid may vary by the style of the Fund, by whether the securities being purchased are domestic or foreign, by the number of transactions during the year and by the investment style employed by the Subadviser. The brokerage commissions paid expressed in dollars or in percentage terms may vary from year to year depending on market conditions or other factors.

      

Securities Issued by Regular Broker-Dealers  

During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009, the following Funds purchased securities issued by the following regular broker-dealers of Harbor Funds, which had the following values as of October 31, 2009:

    
   

Fund

   Regular Broker-Dealer (or Parent)     Aggregate Holdings
(000s)
 
  Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund      Goldman Sachs & Co        $ 223,876   
       JP Morgan Securities Inc        74,743   

 

 

   71   

 

     


PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS

 

 

 

    

Morgan Stanley and Co Inc

   15,222
 

Harbor Large Cap Value Fund

  

JP Morgan Securities Inc

   5,748
    

Goldman Sachs & Co

   2,961
    

Morgan Stanley and Co Inc

   1,015
 

Harbor International Fund

  

Sanford C. Bernstein & Co LLC

   500,923
 

Harbor International Growth Fund

  

Credit Suisse Securities

   50,028
    

Mizuho Securities USA

   23,892
 

Harbor Global Growth Fund

  

JP Morgan Securities Inc

   336
    

Goldman Sachs & Co

   126
 

Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund

  

Morgan Stanley and Co Inc

   34
    

Goldman Sachs & Co

   29
    

Credit Suisse Securities

   8
 

Harbor Bond Fund

  

JP Morgan Securities Inc

   67,403
    

Morgan Stanley and Co Inc

   39,633
    

Goldman Sachs & Co

   39,389
    

Deutsche Bank Securities

   14,334
 

Harbor Real Return Fund

  

Morgan Stanley and Co Inc

   1,017
    

Credit Suisse Securities

   641
    

Deutsche Bank Securities

   40
    

JP Morgan Securities Inc

   16

 

 

   72   

 

     


NET ASSET VALUE

 

 

 

 

The net asset value per share of each class of each Fund is determined by the Funds’ Custodian after the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) (normally 4 p.m., Eastern time) on each day when the NYSE is open for trading. If the NYSE closes early, determination of net asset value will be accelerated to that time. The NYSE is generally closed on the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.

 

Equity securities, except securities listed on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (“NASDAQ”) system and United Kingdom securities are valued at the last sale price on a national exchange or system on which they are principally traded as of the valuation date. Securities listed on NASDAQ system or a United Kingdom exchange are valued at the official closing price of those securities. In the case of securities for which there were no sales on the valuation day, securities traded principally: (i) on a U.S. exchange, including NASDAQ, will be valued at the mean between the closing bid and asked price; (ii) on a foreign exchange, including United Kingdom securities, will be valued at the official bid price determined as of the close of the primary exchange.

 

Futures contracts and options on futures contracts are normally valued at the price which would be required to settle the contract on the market where any such option or futures contract is principally traded. Options on equity securities are normally valued using the last sale price on the relevant securities exchange. Forward foreign currency exchange contracts are valued at their respective fair market values determined on the basis of the mean between the last current bid and asked prices based on quotations supplied to a pricing service by independent dealers. Except in the case of Harbor Money Market Fund, debt securities, other than short-term securities with a remaining maturity of less than 60 days at the time they are acquired, are valued using evaluated prices furnished by a pricing service selected by the Adviser and approved by the Board of Trustees. An evaluated price represents an assessment by the pricing service using various market inputs of what the pricing service believes is the fair market value of a security at a particular point in time. The pricing service determines evaluated prices for debt securities that would be transacted at institutional size quantities using inputs including, but not limited to, (i) recent transaction prices and dealer quotes, (ii) transaction prices for what the pricing service believes are securities with similar characteristics, (iii) the pricing vendor’s assessment of the risk inherent in the security taking into account criteria such as credit quality, payment history, liquidity and market conditions, and (iv) various correlations and relationships between security price movements and other factors, such as interest rate changes, which are recognized by institutional traders. Because many debt securities trade infrequently, the pricing vendor will often not have current transaction price information available as an input in determining an evaluated price for a particular security. When current transaction price information is available, it is one input into the pricing service’s evaluation process, which means that the evaluated price supplied by the pricing service will frequently differ from that transaction price. Short-term securities with a remaining maturity of less than 60 days at the time they are acquired are stated at amortized cost which approximates fair value.

 

When reliable market quotations or evaluated prices supplied by a pricing vendor are not readily available or are not believed to accurately reflect fair value, securities are priced at their fair value, determined by the Trust’s Valuation Committee pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees. A Fund may also use fair value pricing if the value of some or all of the Fund’s securities have been materially affected by events occurring before the Fund’s pricing time but after the close of the primary markets or exchanges on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, but may occur with other securities as well. When fair value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a Fund to calculate its net asset value may differ from market quotations, official closing prices or evaluated prices for the same securities, which means the Fund may value those securities higher or lower than another fund that uses market quotations, official closing prices or evaluated prices supplied by a pricing vendor.

 

Portfolio securities of Harbor Money Market Fund are valued at their amortized cost, which does not take into account unrealized securities gains or losses. While this method provides stability in valuation (i.e. at $1 per share), it may result in periods during which value, as determined by amortized cost, is higher or lower than the price Harbor Money Market Fund would receive if it sold the instrument. During periods of declining interest rates, the quoted yield on shares of Harbor Money Market Fund may tend to be higher than a like computation made by a fund with identical investments utilizing a method of valuation based upon market prices and estimates of market prices for all of its portfolio instruments. Thus, if the use of amortized cost by Harbor Money Market Fund resulted in a lower aggregate portfolio value on a particular day, a prospective investor in Harbor Money Market Fund would be able to obtain a somewhat higher yield if he or she purchased shares of Harbor Money Market Fund on that day, than would result from investment in a fund utilizing solely market values, and existing investors in Harbor Money Market Fund would receive less investment income. The converse would apply in a period of rising interest rates.

 

The Adviser will monitor the extent of the deviation, if any, between the Fund’s current net asset value based

 

 

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NET ASSET VALUE

 

 

 

 

 

upon available market quotations and the Fund’s $1.00 per share based on amortized cost. If such deviation equals or exceeds $.0020 per share, the Adviser will cause the Custodian to compute the amount of the deviation on the basis of market valuations at least daily until the deviation drops below $.0020, and the Adviser will promptly notify the Trustees of the situation. In the event the deviation exceeds $.0025, a meeting of the Trustees will be called and held as soon as practicable to consider what action, if any, should be initiated by them, and the Fund will comply with the requirements of interim temporary final rule 30b1-6T under the Investment Company Act. In the event that any calculation of the deviation exceeds $.0050, a meeting of the Trustees will be called and held as soon as practicable to consider what action, if any, should be initiated by them. In the event the Trustees believe at any time that a deviation exists which may result in material dilution or other unfair results to investors or existing shareholders, they will take such corrective action as they regard to be necessary and appropriate to eliminate or to reduce to the extent reasonably practicable such dilution or unfair results. Actions which the Trustees may take may include, without limitation, the redemption of shares in kind; the sale of portfolio instruments prior to maturity to realize capital gains or losses or to shorten the Fund’s average portfolio maturity; withholding dividends or payment of distributions from capital or capital gains; or utilizing a net asset value per share as determined by using available market quotations or equivalents. In addition, the Trustees have the authority to reduce or increase the number of shares outstanding on a pro rata basis, and to offset each shareholder’s pro rata portion of the deviation from the shareholder’s accrued dividend account or from future dividends.

 

The assets of each Target Retirement Fund consist primarily of shares of the underlying Harbor Funds, which are valued at their respective net asset values.

 

Portfolio securities traded on more than one U.S. national securities exchange or foreign securities exchange are valued at the last sale price on the business day as of which such value is being determined at the close of the exchange representing the principal market for such securities. The value of all assets and liabilities expressed in foreign currencies will be converted into U.S. dollar values at the mean between the buying and selling rates of such currencies against U.S. dollars last quoted by any major bank. If such quotations are not available, the rate of exchange will be determined in good faith by or under procedures established by the Trustees.

 

Trading in securities on European and Far Eastern securities exchanges and over-the-counter markets is normally completed well before the close of business on each business day in New York (i.e., a day on which the NYSE is open for trading). In addition, European or Far Eastern securities trading generally or in a particular country or countries may not take place on all business days in New York. Furthermore, trading takes place in Japanese markets on certain Saturdays and in various foreign markets on days which are not business days in New York and on which the Funds’ net asset values are not calculated. Such calculation does not take place contemporaneously with the determination of the prices of the majority of the portfolio securities used in such calculation. As a result, closing market prices for foreign securities may not fully reflect events that occur between the time their prices are determined and the close of the regular trading on the NYSE and thus may no longer be considered reliable. The Funds will use the fair value of the foreign securities, determined in accordance with the fair value procedures adopted by the Trustees, in place of closing market prices to calculate their net asset values if the Fund believes that events between the close of the foreign market and the close of regular trading on the NYSE would materially affect the value of some or all of a particular Fund’s securities. In the case of the Harbor International Fund, Harbor International Growth Fund, Harbor Global Value Fund and Harbor Global Growth Fund which invest primarily or substantially in international equity securities, the fair value pricing procedures recognize that volatility in the U.S. equity markets may cause prices of foreign securities determined at the close of the foreign market or exchange on which the securities are traded to no longer be reliable when the Funds’ net asset values are determined and that these price differences may have an affect on the net asset value, particularly for these global/international Funds. As a result, at least some of these global/international Funds’ foreign equity securities may be valued at their fair value in accordance with the fair value pricing procedures on any day these global/international Funds calculate their net asset values.

 

The proceeds received by each Fund for each issue or sale of its shares, and all net investment income, realized and unrealized gain and proceeds thereof, subject only to the rights of creditors, will be specifically allocated to such Fund and constitute the underlying assets of that Fund. The underlying assets of each Fund will be segregated on the books of account, and will be charged with the liabilities in respect to such Fund and with a share of the general liabilities of Harbor Funds. Expenses with respect to any two or more Funds are to be allocated in proportion to the net asset values of the respective Funds except where allocations of direct expenses can otherwise be reasonably determined, in which case the expenses are allocated directly to the Fund which incurred that expense.

 

Income, common expenses and realized and unrealized gains/(losses) are determined at the Fund level and allocated daily to each class of shares based on the appropriate net assets of the respective classes. Distribution and service fees, if any, and transfer agent fees are calculated daily at the class level based on the appropriate net assets of each class and the specific expense rate(s) applicable to each class.

 

 

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TAX INFORMATION

 

 

 

 

Each Fund is treated as a separate taxpayer for federal income tax purposes.

 

Each Fund has elected or intends to elect to be treated, has qualified, and intends to continue to qualify each year as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code, which requires meeting certain requirements relating to its sources of income, diversification of its assets, and distribution of its income to shareholders. In order to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code, each Fund must, among other things, (i) derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including gains from options, futures and forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (as defined in Section 851(h) of the Code) (the “90% income test”) and (ii) diversify its holdings so that at the end of each quarter of each taxable year: (a) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by (1) cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and (2) other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect to any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is invested in (1) the securities (other than U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer, (2) the securities (other than securities of other regulated investment companies) of two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or (3) the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. For purposes of the 90% income test, the character of income earned by certain entities in which a Fund invests that are not treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes (e.g., partnerships (other than qualified publicly traded partnerships) or trusts) will generally pass through to the Fund. Consequently, each Fund may be required to limit its equity investments in such entities that earn fee income, rental income or other non-qualifying income.

 

If a Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company and distributes to its shareholders each taxable year an amount equal to or exceeding the sum of (i) 90% of its “investment company taxable income” as that term is defined in the Code (which includes, among other things, dividends, taxable interest, and the excess of any net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses, as reduced by certain deductible expenses) without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and (ii) 90% of the excess of its gross tax-exempt interest, if any, over certain disallowed deductions, the Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any income of the Fund, including “net capital gain” (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), distributed to shareholders. However, if the Fund meets such distribution requirements, but chooses to retain a portion of its investment company taxable income or net capital gain, it generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. Each Fund intends to distribute at least annually all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income, net tax-exempt interest, and net capital gain. If a Fund does not qualify as a regulated investment company, it will be treated as a U.S. corporation subject to U.S. federal income tax, thereby subjecting any income earned by a Fund to tax at the corporate level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed.

 

As described in the applicable Prospectus, Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund may gain exposure to the commodities markets through investments in commodity index-linked derivative instruments. On December 16, 2005, the IRS issued Revenue Ruling 2006-01 which held that income derived from commodity index-linked swaps would not be qualifying income. As such, the Fund’s ability to invest directly in commodity index-linked swaps as part of its investment strategy is limited by the requirement that it receive no more than 10 percent of its gross income from such investments.

 

A subsequent revenue ruling, Revenue Ruling 2006-31, clarified the holding of Revenue Ruling 2006-01 by providing that income from alternative investment instruments (such as certain commodity index-linked notes) that create commodity exposure may be considered qualifying income under the Code. The IRS subsequently issued private letter rulings to other taxpayers in which the IRS specifically concluded that income from certain commodity index-linked notes is qualifying income. The Fund will seek to gain exposure to the commodity markets primarily through investments in commodity-linked notes and through investments in its Subsidiary (as discussed below).

 

As discussed in “Investment Policies — Investments in the Wholly-Owned Subsidiary,” the Harbor Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund intends to invest a portion of its assets in the Subsidiary, which will be classified as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The IRS has issued private letter rulings to other taxpayers in which the IRS concluded that income derived from an investment company’s investment in a controlled foreign corporation (“CFC”) will be qualifying income to the investment company.

 

A private letter ruling can be relied upon only by the taxpayer that receives it. The Fund has not obtained a ruling from the IRS with respect to its investments or its structure but does intend to seek such a ruling. Based on the analysis contained in the private letter rulings previously issued to other taxpayers, the

 

 

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Fund intends to treat its income from certain commodity index-linked notes and the Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary as qualifying income prior to receiving any such ruling from the IRS. There can be no assurance that the IRS will not change its position with respect to some or all of these rulings or, if the IRS did so, that a court would not sustain the IRS’s position. There is also no assurance that the Fund will be able to obtain a favorable ruling from the IRS. If the IRS were to change its position or otherwise determine that income derived from certain commodity-linked notes or from the Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary does not constitute qualifying income and if such positions were upheld, the Fund might cease to qualify as a regulated investment company and would be required to reduce its exposure to such investments which may result in difficulty in implementing its investment strategy. If the Fund did not qualify as a regulated investment company for any taxable year, the Fund’s taxable income would be subject to tax at the fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. In such event, in order to re-qualify for taxation as a regulated investment company, the Fund may be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make certain distributions.

 

A foreign corporation, such as the Subsidiary, will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation unless it is deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business. It is expected that the Subsidiary will conduct its activities in a manner so as to meet the requirements of a safe harbor under Section 864(b)(2) of the Code under which the Subsidiary may engage in trading in stocks or securities or certain commodities without being deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business. However, if certain of the Subsidiary’s activities were determined not to be of the type described in the safe harbor (which is not expected), then the activities of the Subsidiary may constitute a U.S. trade or business, or be taxed as such.

 

In general, a foreign corporation, such as the Subsidiary, that does not conduct a U.S. trade or business is nonetheless subject to tax at a flat rate of 30 percent (or lower tax treaty rate), generally payable through withholding, on the gross amount of certain U.S.-source income that is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. There is presently no tax treaty in force between the U.S. and the Cayman Islands that would reduce this rate of withholding tax. It is not expected that the Subsidiary will derive income subject to such withholding tax.

 

The Subsidiary will be treated as a CFC and the Fund will be treated as a “U.S. shareholder” of the Subsidiary. As a result, the Fund will be required to include in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes all of the Subsidiary’s “subpart F income,” whether or not such income is distributed by the Subsidiary. It is expected that all of the Subsidiary’s income will be “subpart F income.” The Fund’s recognition of the Subsidiary’s “subpart F income” will increase the Fund’s tax basis in the Subsidiary. Distributions by the Subsidiary to the Fund will be tax-free, to the extent of its previously undistributed “subpart F income,” and will correspondingly reduce the Fund’s tax basis in the Subsidiary. “Subpart F income” generally is treated as ordinary income, regardless of the character of the Subsidiary’s underlying income. If a net loss is realized by the Subsidiary, such loss is not generally available to offset the income earned by the Fund.

 

Each Fund will be subject to a 4% nondeductible U.S. federal excise tax on certain amounts not distributed (and not treated as having been distributed) on a timely basis in accordance with annual minimum distribution requirements. The Funds intend under normal circumstances to seek to avoid liability for such tax by satisfying such distribution requirements.

 

Certain dividends and distributions declared by a Fund as of a record date in October, November or December and paid by the Fund in January of the following year will be taxable to shareholders as if received on December 31 of the prior year. In addition, certain other distributions made after the close of a taxable year of a Fund may be “spilled back” and treated as paid by the Fund (except for the purposes of the 4% excise tax) during such taxable year. In such case, shareholders generally will be treated as having received such dividends in the taxable year in which the distributions were actually made.

 

In general, assuming the distributing Fund has sufficient earnings and profits, dividends from investment company taxable income will be taxable either as ordinary income or, if so designated by a Fund and certain other requirements are met by the Fund and the shareholder, as “qualified dividend income” taxable to individual shareholders at a maximum 15% U.S. federal income tax rate.

 

Dividend income distributed to individual shareholders will qualify for the maximum 15% U.S. federal income tax rate to the extent that such dividends are attributable to “qualified dividend income” as that term is defined in Section 1(h)(11)(B) of the Code from a Fund’s (or, if applicable, underlying fund’s) investments in common and preferred stock of U.S. companies and stock of certain qualified foreign corporations, provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met by the Fund (and, if applicable, underlying fund) and the shareholders. A foreign corporation generally is treated as a qualified foreign corporation if it is incorporated in a possession of the United States or it is eligible for the benefits of certain income tax treaties with the United States. A foreign corporation that does not meet such requirements will be treated as qualifying with respect to dividends paid by it if the stock with respect to which the dividends are paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Dividends from passive foreign investment companies do not qualify for the maximum 15% U.S. federal

 

 

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income tax rate.

 

A dividend that is attributable to qualified dividend income of a Fund that is paid by the Fund to an individual shareholder will not be taxable as qualified dividend income to such shareholder if (1) the dividend is received with respect to any share of the Fund held for fewer than 61 days during the 121 day-period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share became ex-dividend with respect to such dividend, (2) to the extent that the shareholder is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, or (3) the shareholder elects to have the dividend treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest.

 

Distributions from net capital gain, if any, that are designated as capital gain dividends are taxable as long-term capital gains for U.S. federal income tax purposes without regard to the length of time the shareholder has held shares of a Fund. Capital gain dividends distributed by a Fund to individual shareholders generally will qualify for the maximum 15% U.S. federal income tax rate on long-term capital gains, subject to limited exceptions. A shareholder should also be aware that the benefits of the favorable tax rate applicable to long-term capital gains and qualified dividend income may be impacted by the application of the alternative minimum tax to individual shareholders. Under current law, the maximum 15% U.S. federal income tax rate on qualified dividend income and long-term capital gains will cease to apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010.

 

Distributions by a Fund in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of (and in reduction of) the shareholder’s tax basis in its shares and any such amount in excess of that basis will be treated as gain from the sale of shares, as discussed below. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, all dividends and distributions are taxable whether a shareholder receives them in cash or reinvests them in additional shares of the distributing Fund. The U.S. federal income tax status of all distributions will be reported to shareholders annually.

 

Distributions from net investment income of Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund, Harbor Mid Cap Growth Fund, Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund, Harbor Large Cap Value Fund, Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund, Harbor Small Cap Value Fund, Harbor Small Company Value Fund, Harbor Global Value Fund and the Target Retirement Funds may qualify in part for a 70% dividends-received deduction for shareholders that are corporations. The dividends-received deduction is reduced to the extent that shares of the payor of the dividend or a Fund are treated as debt-financed under the Code and is eliminated if such shares are deemed to have been held for less than a minimum period, generally 46 days, extending before and after each dividend. Amounts eligible for the dividends received deduction may result in or increase a corporate shareholder’s liability for the federal alternative minimum tax. Any corporate shareholder should consult its tax adviser regarding the possibility that its tax basis in its shares may be reduced for federal income tax purposes by reason of “extraordinary dividends” received with respect to the shares. To the extent such basis would be reduced below zero, current recognition of income may be required.

 

If any Fund that is permitted to acquire stock of foreign corporations acquires an equity interest in a passive foreign investment company (PFIC), it could become liable for U.S. federal income tax and additional interest charges upon the receipt of certain distributions from, or the disposition of its investment in, the PFIC, even if all such income or gain is timely distributed to its shareholders. Because any credit or deduction for this tax could not be passed through to such Fund’s shareholders, the tax would in effect reduce the Fund’s economic return from its PFIC investment. Elections may generally be available to these Funds that would ameliorate these adverse tax consequences. However, such elections could also require these Funds to recognize income (which would have to be distributed to the Funds’ shareholders to avoid a tax on the Funds) without any distribution from the PFIC of cash corresponding to such income and could result in the treatment of capital gains as ordinary income.

 

The federal income tax rules applicable to certain investments or transactions within each Fund are unclear in certain respects, and a Fund will be required to account for these investments or transactions under tax rules in a manner that, under certain circumstances, may affect the amount, timing or character of its distributions to shareholders. Each Fund will monitor these investments or transactions to seek to ensure that it continues to comply with the tax requirements necessary to maintain its status as a regulated investment company.

 

Harbor High-Yield Bond Fund and Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund may invest significantly, and certain other Funds may invest to a lesser extent, in debt obligations that are in the lowest rating categories or are unrated, including debt obligations of issuers not currently paying interest or who are in default. Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for such a Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when a Fund may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless securities, or how payments received on obligations in a workout context are taxable. These and other issues will be addressed by a Fund, in the event it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its taxation as a regulated investment company and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.

 

 

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original issue discount (or with market discount if the Fund elects to include market discount in income currently). Such Funds must accrue income on such investments for each taxable year, which generally will be prior to the receipt of the corresponding cash payments. However, each Fund must distribute, at least annually, all or substantially all of its net income, including such accrued income, to shareholders to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code and avoid U.S. federal income and excise taxes. Therefore, such Funds may have to dispose of their portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances to generate cash, or may have to leverage themselves by borrowing the cash, to satisfy distribution requirements.

 

Due to certain adverse tax consequences, the Funds do not intend, absent a change in applicable law, to acquire residual interests in REMICs.

 

A Fund’s transactions involving options, futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, and short sales, including such transactions that may be treated as constructive sales of appreciated positions in a Fund’s portfolio and transactions that involve foreign exchange gain or loss, will be subject to special tax rules, the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the Fund, defer Fund losses, cause adjustments in the holding periods of securities, convert capital gain or loss into ordinary income or loss or affect the treatment as short-term or long-term of certain capital gains and losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders and result in the recognition of income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash. A Fund may therefore need to obtain cash from other sources in order to satisfy the applicable tax distribution requirements.

 

Shareholders subject to the information reporting requirements of the Code, including most non-corporate shareholders, are required to provide Harbor with their social security or other taxpayer identification numbers and certain required certifications. Harbor may refuse to accept an application or may be required to withhold (as “backup withholding”) 28% (currently scheduled to increase to 31% after 2010) of reportable payments, including dividends, capital gain distributions and proceeds from the redemption or exchange of shares (other than the redemption or exchange of shares of Harbor Money Market Fund) if such numbers and certifications are not provided, if a shareholder informs the Fund that backup withholding is currently applicable to the shareholder, or if the Fund is notified by the Internal Revenue Service or a broker that a number provided is incorrect or that a shareholder is subject to backup withholding for failure to report all taxable interest or dividend payments.

 

Investors other than U.S. persons may be subject to different U.S. federal income tax treatment, including withholding tax at the rate of 30% on amounts treated as ordinary dividends from a Fund (other than certain dividends derived from short-term capital gains and qualified interest income of the Fund for certain taxable years of the Fund commencing prior to January 1, 2010, provided that the Fund chooses to make a specific designation relating to such dividends). Congress is considering whether to extend the exemption of withholding for properly designated distributions of interest and short-term capital gains for an additional year, but there is no assurance that Congress will extend the provision. The 15% maximum rate applicable to qualified dividend income is applicable only to investors that are U.S. persons. If an effective IRS Form W-8 BEN is provided, a non U.S. person may qualify for a lower treaty rate on amounts treated as ordinary dividends from a Fund. Further, unless an effective IRS Form W-8 BEN, or other authorized withholding certificate is on file, backup withholding at the rate of 28% is withheld on certain other payments from the Fund. None of the Funds expect to be a “U.S. real property holding corporation” as defined in Section 897I(c)(2) of the Code and, therefore, do not expect to be subject to look-through rules for gains from the sale or exchange of U.S. real property interests. If a Fund were a U.S. real property holding corporation, certain distributions by the Fund to non-U.S. shareholders would be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a rate of up to 35% and non-U.S. shareholders owning 5% or more of the Fund within one year of certain distribution would be required to file a U.S. federal income tax return to report such gains. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers on these matters.

 

In general, provided that a Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company under the Code, such Fund will be exempt from Delaware corporation income tax.

 

Withdrawals under the automatic withdrawal plan and exchanges under the automatic exchange plan involve redemptions of Fund shares, which may have tax consequences for shareholders.

 

At the time of an investor’s purchase of a Fund’s shares, a portion of the purchase price may be attributable to realized or unrealized appreciation in the Fund’s portfolio or undistributed taxable income of the Fund. Consequently, subsequent distributions by the Fund with respect to these shares from such appreciation or income may be taxable to such investor even if the net asset value of the investor’s shares is, as a result of the distributions, reduced below the investor’s cost for such shares and the distributions economically represent a return of a portion of the investment.

 

Redemptions and exchanges are taxable events for shareholders that are subject to tax. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers with reference to their individual circumstances to determine whether any particular transaction in a Fund’s shares is properly treated as a sale for tax purposes, as the following discussion assumes, and the tax treatment of any gains or losses recognized in such transactions. In general, if Fund shares are sold, the shareholder will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference

 

 

   78   

 

     


TAX INFORMATION

 

 

 

 

 

between the amount realized on the sale and the shareholder’s adjusted basis in the shares sold. Any loss realized by a shareholder upon the redemption, exchange or other disposition of shares with a tax holding period of six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions of long-term capital gain with respect to such shares. All or a portion of any loss realized on a redemption or other disposition of shares may be disallowed under tax rules relating to wash sales to the extent of other investments in such Fund (including pursuant to the reinvestment of dividends and/or capital gain distributions) within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after a redemption or other disposition of shares.

 

Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to fund shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder, or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, in any single taxable year (or a greater amount over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Shareholders who own portfolio securities directly are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement but, under current guidance, shareholders of regulated investment companies are not excepted. A shareholder who fails to make the required disclosure to the IRS may be subject to substantial penalties. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether or not the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult with their tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

 

Shareholders that are exempt from U.S. federal income tax, such as retirement plans that are qualified under Section 401 of the Code, generally are not subject to U.S. federal income tax on Fund dividends or distributions or on sales or exchanges of Fund shares unless the acquisition of the Fund shares was debt-financed. A plan participant whose retirement plan invests in a Fund generally is not taxed on Fund dividends or distributions received by the plan or on sales or exchanges of Fund shares by the plan for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, distributions to plan participants from a retirement plan account generally are taxable as ordinary income and different tax treatment, including penalties on certain excess contributions and deferrals, certain pre-retirement and post-retirement distributions and certain prohibited transactions is accorded to accounts maintained as qualified retirement plans. Shareholders and plan participants should consult their tax advisers for more information.

 

Each Fund that invests in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding or other foreign taxes on its income from foreign securities (possibly including, in some cases, capital gains) which would, if imposed, reduce the yield on or return from those investments. Harbor International Fund, Harbor International Growth Fund, Harbor Global Value Fund and Harbor Global Growth Fund may be eligible to elect to pass certain of such taxes as related foreign tax credits or deductions through to shareholders and if eligible may or may not choose to make such election. The availability of such credits or deductions is subject to certain requirements, restrictions and limitations under the Code. Other Funds, including the Target Retirement Funds (as a result of investments in Harbor International Fund, Harbor International Growth Fund, Harbor Global Value Fund and Harbor Global Growth Fund), may also be subject to foreign taxes with respect to their foreign investments but generally will not be eligible to make this election, due to their “fund of funds” structure. Certain foreign exchange gains and losses realized by a Fund may be treated as ordinary income and losses.

 

Distributions by the underlying Harbor funds, redemptions of shares in the underlying Harbor Funds, and changes in asset allocations may result in taxable distributions of ordinary income or capital gains to shareholders of the Target Retirement Funds. In addition, the Target Retirement Funds generally will not be able to currently offset short-term capital gains realized by one underlying Harbor fund in which the Target Retirement Funds invest against short-term capital losses realized by another underlying Harbor fund. These factors could affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders of the Target Retirement Funds.

 

Five to ten years after a Target Retirement Fund with a target retirement date reaches its target retirement year its asset allocation is expected to match that of Harbor Target Retirement Income Fund. At that time, the assets of the particular Target Retirement Fund may be combined with the assets of the Target Retirement Income Fund. The Board of Trustees reserves the right to engage in such transactions in the best interests of each Target Retirement Fund’s shareholders. The Trustees may take these actions with or without seeking shareholder approval. A combination of assets may result in a capital gain or loss for shareholders of the particular Target Retirement Fund.

 

At October 31, 2009, the following Funds had capital loss carryforwards for federal tax purposes, which will reduce each Fund’s taxable income arising from future net realized gain on investments, if any, to the extent permitted by the Code, and thus will reduce the amount of the distribution to shareholders which would otherwise be necessary to relieve each Fund of any liability for federal tax. Pursuant to the Code, such capital loss carryforwards will expire as listed below:

 

         Capital Loss Carryforwards ($000s) to Expire In:
         2010    2011    2012    2013    2014    2016    2017    Total
  DOMESTIC EQUITY FUNDS                        

 

 

   79   

 

     


TAX INFORMATION

 

 

 

 

Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund

  $ 1,111,167   $ 393,182   $ —     $ —     $ —     $ 546,780   $ 370,637   $ 2,421,766
 

Harbor Mid Cap Growth Fund

    —       —       —       —       —       68,631     136,940     205,571
 

Harbor Small Cap Growth Fund*

    6,285     —       —       —       —       —       45,149     51,434
 

Harbor Large Cap Value Fund

    —       —       —       —       —       8,712     46,165     54,877
 

Harbor Mid Cap Value Fund

    —       —       —       —       —       4,351     8,828     13,179
 

Harbor Small Cap Value Fund

    —       —       —       —       —       —       127,992     127,992
 

Harbor Small Company Value Fund

    —       —       —       —       —       507     397     904
 

INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUNDS

               
 

Harbor International Fund*

  $ 5,719   $ —     $ —     $ —     $ —     $ 192,848   $ 3,357,702   $ 3,556,269
 

Harbor International Growth Fund

    182,988             168,306     172,909     524,203
 

GLOBAL EQUITY FUNDS

               
 

Harbor Global Value Fund

  $ —     $ —     $ —     $ —     $ —     $ 10,473   $ 27,254   $ 37,727
 

FIXED INCOME FUNDS

               
 

Harbor Real Return Fund

  $ —     $ —     $ —     $ —     $ —     $ —     $ 2,428   $ 2,428
 

Harbor Short Duration Fund

    —       —       1,164     1,357     153     —       —       2,676
 

 

*  As a result of the tax-free transfer of assets from the acquired fund, certain capital loss carryforwards may be limited.

 

 

The foregoing discussion relates solely to U.S. federal income tax law for shareholders who are U.S. persons (i.e., U.S. citizens or residents and U.S. domestic corporations, partnerships, trusts or estates) and who are subject to tax under such law. Except as otherwise provided, this discussion does not address special tax rules which may be applicable to certain classes of investors, such as tax-exempt or tax-deferred plans, accounts or entities, insurance companies, and financial institutions. Dividends, capital gain distributions, and ownership of or gains realized on the exchange or redemption of shares of the Funds may also be subject to state, local or foreign taxes. In some states, a state and/or local tax exemption may be available to the extent distributions of a Fund are attributable to the interest it receives on (or in the case of intangible property taxes, the value of its assets is attributable to) direct obligations of the U.S. government, provided that in some states certain thresholds for holdings of such obligations and/or reporting requirements are satisfied. The Funds will not seek to satisfy any threshold or reporting requirement that may apply in particular taxing jurisdictions. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers as to the federal, state, local or foreign tax consequences of ownership of shares of the Fund in their particular circumstances.

 

 

   80   

 

     


ORGANIZATION AND CAPITALIZATION

 

 

 

General  

Harbor Funds is an open-end investment company established as a Massachusetts business trust in 1986 and reorganized as a Delaware statutory trust in 1993. Each share represents an equal proportionate interest in the Fund to which it relates with each other share in that Fund. Shares entitle their holders to one vote per share. Shares have noncumulative voting rights, do not have preemptive or subscription rights and are transferable. Pursuant to the Investment Company Act, shareholders of each Fund are required to approve the adoption of any investment advisory agreement relating to such Fund and of any changes in fundamental investment restrictions or policies of such Fund. Pursuant to an exemptive order granted by the SEC, shareholders are not required to vote to approve a new or amended subadvisory agreement. Shares of a Fund will be voted with respect to that Fund only, except for the election of Trustees and the ratification of independent accountants. The Trustees are empowered, without shareholder approval, by the Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the “Declaration of Trust”) and By-Laws to create additional series of shares and to classify and reclassify any new or existing series of shares into one or more classes.

 

Unless otherwise required by the Investment Company Act or the Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the “Declaration of Trust”), Harbor has no intention of holding annual meetings of shareholders. Shareholders may remove a Trustee by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the Trust’s outstanding shares and the Trustees shall promptly call a meeting for such purpose when requested to do so in writing by the record holders of not less than 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust. Shareholders may, under certain circumstances, communicate with other shareholders in connection with requesting a special meeting of shareholders. However, at any time that less than a majority of the Trustees holding office were elected by the shareholders, the Trustees will call a special meeting of shareholders for the purpose of electing Trustees.

Shareholder and Trustee Liability  

Harbor Funds is organized as a Delaware statutory trust, and, under Delaware law, the shareholders of such a trust are not generally subject to liability for the debts or obligations of the trust. Similarly, Delaware law provides that none of the Funds will be liable for the debts or obligations of any other Fund. However, no similar statutory or other authority limiting statutory trust shareholder liability exists in many other states. As a result, to the extent that a Delaware statutory trust or a shareholder is subject to the jurisdiction of courts in such other states, the courts may not apply Delaware law and may thereby subject the Delaware statutory trust shareholders to liability. To guard against this risk, the Declaration of Trust contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for acts or obligations of Harbor Capital. Notice of such disclaimer will normally be given in each agreement, obligation or instrument entered into or executed by Harbor Capital or the Trustees. The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification by the relevant Fund for any loss suffered by a shareholder as a result of an obligation of the Fund. The Declaration of Trust also provides that Harbor Capital shall, upon request, assume the defense of any claim made against any shareholder for any act or obligation of Harbor Capital and satisfy any judgment thereon. The Trustees believe that, in view of the above, the risk of personal liability of shareholders is remote.

 

The Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trustees will not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law, but nothing in the Declaration of Trust protects a Trustee against any liability to which he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.

25% or Greater Ownership  

The following table identifies those investors who own 25% or more of each Fund’s shares (all share classes taken together) as of February 26, 2010, and are therefore presumed to control the respective Fund.

    Mid
Cap

Growth
    Mid
Cap

Value
    Small
Company

Value
    Global
Growth
    Commodity
Real
Return
Strategy
    Real
Return
    Short
Duration
    Money
Market
 

Charles Schwab & Co Inc San Francisco, CA

  —        46   —        —        —        —        —        —     

Harbor Capital Advisors Inc Chicago, IL

  —        —        —        63   —        —        —        48

LPL Financial San Diego, CA

  —        —        46   —        —        —        —        —     

National Financial Service Corp New York, NY

  39   —        —        —        —        —        32   —     

Pershing LLC Jersey City, NJ

  —        —        —        —        58   47   25   —     

 

    TARGET RETIREMENT FUNDS

 

  

 

      Income     2010     2015     2020     2025     2030     2035     2040     2045     2050  
 

Local & Company Nominee Holland, OH

  —        —        —        —        —        —        —        —        51   —     
 

New York Life Trust Company Parsippany, NJ

  99   96   99   99   96   99   87   98   35   99
 

To the extent these shareholders have and exercise voting power with respect to shares of the Funds identified above, their voting decisions will have a significant effect on the outcome of any matter submitted to shareholders of those Funds and/or the Trust generally.

    

5% or Greater Ownership of 

Share Class

 

The following table identifies those investors who beneficially own 5% or more of the voting securities of a class of each Fund’s shares as of February 26, 2010.

   

 

 

   81   

 

     


ORGANIZATION AND CAPITALIZATION

 

 

 

  DOMESTIC EQUITY FUNDS – INSTITUTIONAL CLASS   
      Capital
Appreciation
    Mid Cap
Growth
    Small Cap
Growth
    Large Cap
Value
    Mid Cap
Value
    Small Cap
Value
    Small
Company
Value
 
 

Charles Schwab & Co Inc San Francisco, CA

  17   —        9   23   46   10   —     
 

JP Morgan Chase Bank New York, NY

  —        —        —        —        —        6   —     
 

JP Morgan Chase TTEE Kansas City, MO

  5   —        —        —        —        —        —     
 

LPL Financial Services San Diego, CA

  —        —        —        —        —        12   60
 

MAC Co Pittsburgh, PA

  —        —        —        8   —        —        —     
 

Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith Jacksonville, FL

  —        25   —        —        —        11   —     
 

National Financial Service Corp New York, NY

  15   51   24   —        20   15   —     
 

New York Life Trust Company Parsippany, NJ

  —        —        6   13   8   —        —     
 

Strafe & Co Westerville, OH

  —        —        14   —        —        —        —     
 

Wachovia Bank N A Charlotte, NC

  —        —        —        —        —        10   —     
 

 

DOMESTIC EQUITY FUNDS – ADMINISTRATIVE CLASS

  

      Capital
Appreciation
    Mid Cap
Growth
    Small Cap
Growth
    Large Cap
Value
    Mid Cap
Value
    Small Cap
Value
    Small
Company

Value
 
 

Brown Brothers Harriman and Company

Jersey City, NJ

  —        —        —        —        —        —        55
 

Charles Schwab & Co Inc San Francisco, CA

  8   —        —        34   —        41   —     
 

Greenberg Inc PSP

Cleveland, OH

  —        —        —        —        39   —        —     
 

GPC Securities Inc

Atlanta, GA

  —        —        —        14   —        —        —     
 

Harbor Capital Advisors Inc Chicago, IL

  —        —        —        —        —        —        39
 

Rockman DDS

Cleveland, OH

  —        —        —        —        18   —        —     
 

Mercer Trust Company TTEE FBO Norwood, MA

  8   16   —        —        —        —        —     
 

Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith

Jacksonville, FL

  6   —        —        —        —        —        —     
 

MG Trust Company Cust FBO

Denver, CO

  —        —        —        —        8   —        —     
 

National Financial Service Corp New York, NY

  31   31   —        22   —        49   —     
 

Starrs Cars & Trucks Inc Cleveland, OH

  —        —        —        —        32   —        —     
 

State Street Bank & Trust TTEE Westwood, MA

  —        25   —        —        —        —        —     
 

Taynik & Co Boston, MA

  —        —        —        19   —        —        —     
 

Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Co Valley Forge, PA

 

  32

 

 

  9

 

 

  100

 

 

  —  

 

  

 

  —  

 

  

 

  —  

 

  

 

  6

 

 

  DOMESTIC EQUITY FUNDS – INVESTOR CLASS   
        Capital
Appreciation
    Mid Cap
Growth
    Small Cap
Growth
    Large Cap
Value
    Mid Cap
Value
    Small Cap
Value
    Small
Company
Value
 
 

Charles Schwab & Co Inc San Francisco, CA

  20   7   50   12   50   17   61

 

 

   82   

 

     


ORGANIZATION AND CAPITALIZATION

 

 

 

 

Citigroup Global Markets Inc New York, NY

  5   —        —        —        —        —        —     
 

Citistreet Core Market N Quincy, MA

  —        —        —        —        —        25   —     
 

Harbor Capital Advisors Inc Chicago, IL

  —        —        —        —        —        —        28
 

JP Morgan American Century Kansas City, MO

  —        —        —        14   —        —        —     
 

LPL Financial Services San Diego, CA

  —        —        —        —        —        16   —     
 

MG Trust Cust Denver, CO

  —        —        —        9   —        —        —     
 

National Financial Service Corp New York, NY

  13   25   —        8   15   6   —     
 

Nationwide Trust Company FSB Columbus, OH

  —        7   24   —        —        —        —     
 

Pershing LLC Jersey City, NJ

  6   —        —        —        —        —        —     
 

PIMS Prudential Retirement Fontana, CA

  —        15   —        —        —        —        —     
 

Prudential Investment Management Service Newark, NJ

  25   27   6   —        9   11   —     
 

Reliance Trust Company Cust Atlanta, GA

  —        —        15   18   —        —        —     
 

State Street Bank and Trust

Boston, MA

  —        —        —        22   —        —        —     
 

Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Co Valley Forge, PA

  —        —        —        —        —        8  

 

 

INTERNATIONAL AND GLOBAL EQUITY FUNDS – INSTITUTIONAL CLASS

 

      International     International
Growth
    Global
Value
    Global
Growth
 

Charles Schwab & Co Inc San Francisco, CA

  19   6   —        —  
 

Edward D Jones & Co Maryland Heights, MO

  —        10   —        —  
 

Harbor Capital Advisors, Inc. Chicago, IL

  —        —        —        63%
 

HCP Global Investment Fund LP San Francisco, CA

  —        —        31   —  
 

Jewish Community Federation of San Francisco, CA

  —        —        9   —  
 

Mellon Bank Pittsburgh, PA

  —        —        9   —  
 

Moss Fort Myers, FL

  —        —        —        14%
 

My Poodles LLC San Francisco, CA

  —        —        8   —  
 

National Financial Service Corp New York, NY

  20   8   —        —  
 

Pershing LLC Jersey City, NJ

  —        —        7   —  
 

Prudential Investment Management Services Newark, NJ

  —        25   —        —  
 

SEI Private Trust Co Oaks, PA

  —        —        8   —  
 

INTERNATIONAL AND GLOBAL EQUITY FUNDS – ADMINISTRATIVE CLASS

 

      International     International
Growth
    Global
Value
  Global
Growth
 

Charles Schwab & Co Inc San Francisco, CA

  —        36   —     —  
 

Farmers & Merchants Meridian, ID

  —        33   —     —  

 

 

   83   

 

     


ORGANIZATION AND CAPITALIZATION

 

 

 

 

Harbor Capital Advisors Inc Chicago, IL

   —        —        93   97
 

National Financial Service Corp New York, NY

   63   22   —        —     
 

 

INTERNATIONAL AND GLOBAL EQUITY FUNDS – INVESTOR CLASS

 

  

       International     International
Growth
    Global
Value
    Global
Growth
 
 

Ameritrade Inc Bellevue, NE

   —        21   —        —     
 

Charles Schwab & Co Inc San Francisco, CA

   29   38   —        —     
 

Citigroup Global Markets Inc New York, NY

   8   —        —        —     
 

E Trade Clearing LLC Rancho Cordova, CA

   —        —        13   —     
 

Harbor Capital Advisors Inc Chicago, IL

   —        —        43   52
 

Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith Jacksonville, FL

   11   —        6   —     
 

National Financial Service Corp New York, NY

   20   17   10   —     
 

Pershing LLC Jersey City, NJ

   —        —        12   11

 

 

STRATEGIC MARKETS FUNDS

 

       Commodity Real Return Strategy
       Institutional
Class
    Administrative
Class
    Investor
Class
 

Bay & Co LLC Traverse City, MI

   6   —        —  
 

Charles Schwab & Co Inc San Francisco, CA

   9   —        —  
 

Harbor Capital Advisors, Inc Chicago, IL

   —        35   —  
 

National Financial Service Corp New York, NY

   9   40   —  
 

Pershing LLC Jersey City, NJ

   58   —        —  
 

Vanguard Brokerage Services Valley Forge, PA

   —        26   —  

 

 

FIXED INCOME FUNDS – INSTITUTIONAL CLASS

 

  

       High-Yield
Bond
    Bond     Real
Return
    Short
Duration
    Money
Market
 
 

Charles Schwab & Co Inc San Francisco, CA

   22   16   9   6   —     
 

Harbor Capital Advisors Inc Chicago, IL

   —        —        —        —        48
 

Mac & Co. Pittsburgh, PA

   14   —        —        —        —     
 

National Financial Service Corp New York, NY

   15   20   12   32   —     
 

Pershing LLC Jersey City, NJ

   —        18   47   25   —     
 

State Street Bank & Trust Co Boston, MA

   —        —        —        6   —     
 

Strafe & Co. Westerville, OH

   14   —        —        —        —     
 

Wells Fargo Bank Minneapolis, MN

   7   —        —        —        —     
 

 

FIXED INCOME FUNDS – ADMINISTRATIVE CLASS

 

  

       High-Yield
Bond
    Bond     Real
Return
    Short
Duration
    Money
Market
 

 

 

   84   

 

     


ORGANIZATION AND CAPITALIZATION

 

 

 

  

Ameritrade Inc FBO Bellevue, NE

   —        —        11   —        —     
  

Berman DDS Inc Cleveland, OH

   —        —        —        6   —     
  

Charles Schwab & Co Inc San Francisco, CA

   37   21   —        —        —     
  

Greenberg Inc. PSP Cleveland, OH

   —        —        —        7   —     
  

Harbor Capital Advisors Inc Chicago, IL

   12   —        61   —        7
  

ICMA-RC Services LLC Washington, DC

   5   —        —        —        —     
  

Mercer Trust Company TTEE Norwood, MA

   19   —        —        —        —     
  

National Financial Service Corp New York, NY

   6   20   24   80   —     
  

Reliance Trust Company Atlanta, GA

   —        —        —        —        91
  

Saxon Co Philadelphia, PA

   11   9   —        —        —     
  

Wachovia Bank FBO Charlotte, NC

   —        7   —        —        —     

 

  FIXED INCOME FUNDS – INVESTOR CLASS   
       High-Yield
Bond
 
 

Charles Schwab & Co Inc San Francisco, CA

   34
 

National Financial Service Corp New York, NY

   27
 

Pershing LLC Jersey City, NJ

   10

 

 

TARGET RETIREMENT FUNDS – INSTITUTIONAL CLASS

 

  

         Income     2010     2015     2020     2025     2030     2035     2040     2045     2050  
 

Harbor Capital Advisors Inc Chicago, IL

   —        —        —        —        —        —        7   —        10   —     
 

Local & Company Nominee Holland, OH

   —        —        —        —        —        —        —        —        54   —     
 

New York Life Trust Company Parsippany, NJ

   100   97   99   100   97   99   90   98   36   99
   

TARGET RETIREMENT FUNDS – ADMINISTRATIVE CLASS

 

 
         Income     2010     2015     2020     2025     2030     2035     2040     2045     2050  
 

Harbor Capital Advisors Inc Chicago, IL

   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100
 

TARGET RETIREMENT FUNDS – INVESTOR CLASS

 

  

         Income     2010     2015     2020     2025     2030     2035     2040     2045     2050  
 

Harbor Capital Advisors Inc Chicago, IL

   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100

 

 

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CUSTODIAN

 

 

 

State Street Bank and Trust Company  

State Street Bank and Trust Company has been retained to act as Custodian of the Funds’ assets and, in that capacity, maintains certain financial and accounting records of the Funds. The Custodian’s mailing address is State Street Financial Center, 1 Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111-2900.

 

 

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INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

 

 

Ernst & Young LLP  

Ernst & Young LLP, 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116, serves as Harbor Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm, providing audit and tax services for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2009, October 31, 2008, October 31, 2007, October 31, 2006, and October 31, 2005. The audited financial statements of Harbor Funds incorporated by reference in this Statement of Additional Information have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of the independent registered public accounting firm, given on their authority as experts in auditing and accounting.

 

The audited financial statements of Harbor Funds together with the notes to the financial statements, all of which are included in the annual report to shareholders dated October 31, 2009 are hereby incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional Information. No financial statements exist for Harbor Unconstrained Bond Fund which commenced operations on April 1, 2010.

 

 

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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS

 

 

 

Moody’s Investor Service, Inc.  

Aaa: Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edge.” Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.

 

Aa: Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuations of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than with Aaa securities.

 

A: Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and may be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.

 

Baa: Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and, in fact, have speculative characteristics as well.

 

Ba: Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.

 

B: Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.

 

Caa: Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.

 

Ca: Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.

 

C: Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds, and issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.

 

Moody’s applies numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 in each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.

 

Moody’s ratings for state and municipal and other short-term obligations will be designated Moody’s Investment Grade (“MIG”). This distinction is in recognition of the differences between short-term credit risk and long-term risk. Factors affecting the liquidity of the borrower are uppermost in importance in short-term borrowing, while various factors of the first importance in long-term borrowing risk are of lesser importance in the short run. Symbols used will be as follows:

 

MIG-1—Notes bearing this designation are of the best quality enjoying strong protection from established cash flows of funds for their servicing or from established and broad-based access to the market for refinancing, or both.

 

MIG-2—Notes bearing this designation are of favorable quality, with all security elements accounted for, but lacking the undeniable strength of the preceding grades. Market access for refinancing, in particular, is likely to be less well established.

 

Standard & Poor’s Corporation  

AAA: Bonds rated AAA are highest grade debt obligations. This rating indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay principal and interest.

 

AA: Bonds rated AA also qualify as high-quality obligations. Capacity to pay principal and interest is very strong, and in the majority of instances they differ from AAA issues only in small degree.

 

A: Bonds rated A have a strong capacity to pay principal and interest, although they are more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions.

 

BBB: Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay principal and interest. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay principal and interest for bonds in this category than for bonds in the A category.

 

BB and B: Bonds rated BB and B are regarded, on balance, as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation and B a higher degree of speculation. While such bonds will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or

 

 

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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS

 

 

 

 

major risk exposures to adverse conditions.

 

CCC: Bonds rated CCC are extremely vulnerable to losses from credit defaults.

 

The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (—) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

 

Dual Rating Definitions: Standard & Poor’s assigns “dual” ratings to all debt issues that have a put option or demand feature as part of their structure. The first rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second rating addresses only the demand feature. The long-term debt rating symbols are used for bonds to denote the long-term maturity and the commercial paper rating symbols for the put option (for example, “AAA/A-1”). With short-term demand debt, Standard & Poor’s note rating symbols are used with the commercial paper rating symbols (for example, ‘SP-1+/A-1+’).

 

Municipal notes issued since July 29, 1984 are rated “SP-1,” “SP-2,” and “SP-3.” The designation SP-1 indicates a very strong capacity to pay principal and interest. A “+” is added to those issues determined to possess overwhelming safety characteristics. An SP-2 designation indicates a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, while an SP-3 designation indicates speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.

 

Fitch Long-Term Ratings  

AAA: (Highest credit quality) “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for timely payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

 

AA: (Very high credit quality) “AA” ratings denote a very low expectation of credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for timely payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

 

A: (High credit quality) “A” ratings denote a low expectation of credit risk. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.

 

BBB: (Good credit quality) “BBB” ratings indicate that there is currently a low expectation of credit risk. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse changes in circumstances and in economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment-grade category.

 

BB: (Speculative) “BB” ratings indicate that there is a possibility of credit risk developing, particularly as the result of adverse economic change over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met. Securities rated in this category are not investment grade.

 

B: (Highly speculative) “B” ratings indicate that significant credit risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.

 

CCC, CC, C: (High default risk) Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic developments. A “CC” rating indicates that default of some kind appears probable. “C” ratings signal imminent default.

 

DDD, DD, D: (Default) The ratings of obligations in this category are based on their prospects for achieving partial or full recovery in a reorganization or liquidation of the obligor. While expected recovery values are highly speculative and cannot be estimated with any precision, the following serve as general guidelines. “DDD” obligations have the highest potential for recovery, around 90%-100% of outstanding amounts and accrued interest. “DD” indicates potential recoveries in the range of 50%-90% and “D” the lowest recovery potential, i.e., below 50%.

 

Entities rated in this category have defaulted on some or all of their obligations. Entities rated “DDD” have the highest prospect for resumption of performance or continued operation with or without a formal reorganization process. Entities rated “DD” and “D” are generally undergoing a formal reorganization or liquidation process; those rated “DD” are likely to satisfy a higher portion of their outstanding obligations, while entities rated “D” have a poor prospect of repaying all obligations.

 

NOTES:

 

“+” or “–” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the “AAA” category or to categories below “CCC”.

 

“NR” indicates that Fitch Ratings does not publicly rate the issuer or issue in question.

 

“Withdrawn”: A rating is withdrawn when Fitch Ratings deems the amount of information available to be inadequate for rating purposes, or when an obligation matures, is called, or refinanced.

 

Rating Watch: Ratings are placed on Rating Watch to notify investors that there is a reasonable probability of a rating change and the likely direction of such change. These are designated as “Positive”, indicating a potential upgrade, “Negative”, for a potential downgrade, or “Evolving”, if ratings may be raised, lowered or maintained. Rating Watch is typically resolved over a relatively short period.

 

A Rating Outlook indicates the direction a rating is likely to move over a one to two-year period. Outlooks

 

 

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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS

 

 

 

 

may be positive, stable, or negative. A positive or negative Rating Outlook does not imply a rating change is inevitable. Similarly, ratings for which outlooks are “stable” could be upgraded or downgraded before an outlook moves to positive or negative if circumstances warrant such an action. Occasionally, Fitch may be unable to identify the fundamental trend and in these cases, the Rating Outlook may be described as “evolving”.

 

Fitch Short-Term Ratings  

F1: (Highest credit quality) Indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.

 

F2: (Good credit quality) A satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.

 

F3: (Fair credit quality) The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near-term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non-investment grade.

 

B: (Speculative) Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near-term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

 

C: (High default risk) Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.

 

D: (Default) Denotes actual or imminent payment default.

 

NOTES:

 

“+” may be appended to an “F1” rating class to denote relative status within the category.

 

“NR” indicates that Fitch Ratings does not publicly rate the issuer or issue in question.

 

“Withdrawn”: A rating is withdrawn when Fitch Ratings deems the amount of information available to be inadequate for rating purposes, or when an obligation matures, is called, or refinanced.

 

Rating Watch: Ratings are placed on Rating Watch to notify investors that there is a reasonable probability of a rating change and the likely direction of such change. These are designated as “Positive”, indicating a potential upgrade, “Negative”, for a potential downgrade, or “Evolving”, if ratings may be raised, lowered or maintained. Rating Watch is typically resolved over a relatively short period.

 

 

   90   

 

     


DESCRIPTION OF COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS

 

 

 

Moody’s Investor Service, Inc.  

P-1: Moody’s Commercial Paper ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to repay punctually promissory obligations not having an original maturity in excess of nine months. The designation “Prime-1” or “P-1” indicates the highest quality repayment capacity of the rated issue.

 

P-2: The rating for a satisfactory security; the relative safety of an investment in this rating category is not as high as in the P-1 category.

 

P-3: The rating for an adequate level of investment safety. Issues with this rating are more susceptible to market fluctuations than obligations with higher ratings

Standard & Poor’s Corporation  

A-1: Standard & Poor’s Commercial Paper ratings are current assessments of the likelihood of timely payment of debts having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. The A-1 designation indicates the degree of safety regarding timely payment is very strong.

 

A-2: The rating for a satisfactory security; the relative safety of an investment in this rating category is not as high as in the A-1 category.

 

A-3: The rating for an adequate level of investment safety. Issues with this rating are more susceptible to market fluctuations than obligations with higher ratings.

 

 

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04/2010/200

    FD.SAI.0410