-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, AeLWElttJO9j8lT/7K5vr+7e4jvBqhIZmGaFQtvimxwRB2LE6Oon88pljGA4ePRk ZpG05YPFqX3CUKRNNO0EoQ== 0000793524-06-000006.txt : 20060505 0000793524-06-000006.hdr.sgml : 20060505 20060505163956 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000793524-06-000006 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: S-3 PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 4 FILED AS OF DATE: 20060505 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20060505 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: RESEARCH FRONTIERS INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000793524 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: PATENT OWNERS & LESSORS [6794] IRS NUMBER: 112103466 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: S-3 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-133858 FILM NUMBER: 06813587 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 240 CROSSWAYS PARK DR CITY: WOODBURY STATE: NY ZIP: 11797-2033 BUSINESS PHONE: 5163641902 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 240 CROSSWAYS PARK DR CITY: WOODBURY STATE: NY ZIP: 11797-2033 S-3 1 rfis32006.txt RESEARCH FRONTIERS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON FORM S-3 As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2006 Registration No. 333- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 -------------------------------------- FORM S-3 REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 ------------------- RESEARCH FRONTIERS INCORPORATED (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 11-2103466 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) Identification Number) -------------------------------------- 240 Crossways Park Drive Woodbury, New York 11797 (516) 364-1902 (Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant's principal executive offices) -------------------------------------- Robert L. Saxe Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Research Frontiers Incorporated 240 Crossways Park Drive Woodbury, New York 11797 (516) 364-1902 (Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service) -------------------------------------- Copies of all communications, including all communications sent to the agent for service, should be sent to: Joseph M. Harary, Esq. President and General Counsel Research Frontiers Incorporated 240 Crossways Park Drive Woodbury, New York 11797 (516) 364-1902 -------------------------------------- Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement. If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: [ ] If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box: [x] If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [ ] If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [ ] If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. [ ] If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. [ ] CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE Title of Proposed maximum Proposed maximum Amount of Shares Amount to offering price aggregate registra- to be registered be registered(2) per Share offering price tion fee Common Stock,$0.0001 par value per share 2,000,000 shares $5.57(1) $11,140,000.00(1) $1,191.98 Warrants to Purchase Common Stock(3) (4) (4) (4) (1) The price is estimated in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee and is $5.57 which was calculated based upon the average of the high and low trading price per share of common stock of Research Frontiers Incorporated on the Nasdaq Capital Market on April 28, 2006, which was within five business days of the original filing of this Registration Statement. (2) Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act, this Registration Statement also relates to an indeterminate number of additional shares of our common stock which may become issuable by reason of any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, or similar transaction that is effected without the receipt of consideration and results in an increase in the number of shares of our common stock that are outstanding. (3) An indeterminate number of warrants to purchase the shares of Common Stock registered hereunder. (4) Pursuant to Rule 457(g), no separate registration fee is required. The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a), may determine. - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted. PROSPECTUS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED MAY 5, 2006 2,000,000 Shares Common Stock ------------------- Research Frontiers Incorporated may from time to time issue up to 2,000,000 shares of common stock, and/or warrants to purchase such common stock. A general description of the known material terms of the securities we are offering is included herein. We will specify in an accompanying prospectus supplement any specific material terms of the securities offered which are unknown as of the date of this prospectus. We may sell these securities to or through underwriters and also to other purchasers or through agents. We will set forth the names of any underwriters or agents in the accompanying prospectus supplement. Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol "REFR." The last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on April 28, 2006 was $5.45. ------------------- Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. See 'Risk Factors' beginning on page 3. ------------------- Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any State Securities Commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement. The date of this prospectus is , 2006 SUMMARY You should read the entire prospectus, including the section entitled 'Risk Factors,' carefully before making an investment decision. THE COMPANY Research Frontiers Incorporated ("Research Frontiers" or the "Company") develops and licenses its suspended particle technology for controlling the amount of light passing through a device. Such suspended particle devices are often referred to as "SPDs," "light valves," or "SPD-Smart " products. SPDs use microscopic light-absorbing particles that are either in a liquid suspension or a film. The microscopic particles align when an electrical voltage is applied. This permits light to pass through the device, and allows the amount of light to be controlled. Our offices are located at: 240 Crossways Park Drive, Woodbury, NY 11797 (telephone: 516-364-1902). RISK FACTORS In addition to the other information in this prospectus, you should carefully consider the following factors in evaluating us and our business before purchasing the shares of common stock offered hereby. This prospectus contains, in addition to historical information, forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed below, as well as those discussed elsewhere in this prospectus, including the documents incorporated by reference. There are risks associated with investing in companies such as ours who are engaged in research and development. Because of these risks, you should only invest if you are able to bear the risk of losing your entire investment. Before investing, in addition to risks which could apply to any issuer or offering, you should also consider the business we are in and the following: Research Frontiers has a history of operating losses, expects to incur additional losses in the future, and consequently will need additional funds in the future to continue its operations. To date, Research Frontiers has lost money, and we expect to lose money in the foreseeable future. Because we expect that our future revenues will consist primarily of license fees (which have not been significant to date), unless our licensees produce and sell products using our technology, Research Frontiers will not be profitable. There is no guarantee that we will ever be profitable. Since Research Frontiers was started in 1965 through December 31, 2005, its total net loss was $58,932,898. In 2005 our net loss was $3,747,532 and was $4,262,741 in 2004. We have funded our operations by selling our common stock to investors. If we need additional money, there is no guarantee that it will be available when we need it, or on favorable terms. The Company will need to raise additional capital no later than the first quarter of 2007 if operations, including research and development and marketing, are to be maintained at current levels. If the Company cannot raise additional funds, it will be required to reduce expenses during 2006. Eventual success of the Company and generation of positive cash flow will be dependent upon the extent of commercialization of products using the Company's technology by the Company's licensees and payments of continuing royalties on account thereof. Research Frontiers depends upon the activities of its licensees in order to be profitable. We do not directly manufacture or market products using SPD technology. Although a variety of products have been sold by our licensees, and since it is up to our licensees to decide when and if they will introduce products using SPD technology, we cannot predict when and if our licensees will generate substantial sales of such products. Research Frontiers' SPD technology is currently licensed to 34 companies. Other companies are also evaluating the technology for use in various products. In the past, some companies have evaluated our technology without proceeding further. Also, we do not intend to manufacture products using SPD technology. Instead we intend to continue to license our technology to manufacturers of end products, films and emulsion. We expect that our licensees would be primarily responsible for marketing and manufacturing, but we are also engaging in market development activities. Products using SPD technology have only recently been introduced into the marketplace. Developing products using new technologies can be risky because problems, expenses and delays frequently occur. Research Frontiers cannot control whether or not its licensees will develop SPD products. Some of our licensees appear to be more active than others, some appear to be better capitalized than others, and some licensees appear to be inactive. There is no guarantee when or if our licensees will successfully produce any commercial product using SPD technology. SPD technology is the only technology Research Frontiers works with, so that our success depends upon the viability of SPD technology which has yet to be proven. We have not fully ascertained the performance and long-term reliability of our technology, and therefore there is no guarantee that our technology will successfully be incorporated into all of the products which we are targeting for use of SPD technology. We expect that different product applications for SPD technology will have different performance and reliability specifications. For example, SPD eyewear requiring batteries may need to use lower voltages than SPD windows used in homes or offices, yet may not need to last as long or be exposed to as harsh an environment. We expect that our licensees will primarily be responsible for reliability testing, but that we may also continue to do reliability testing so that we can more effectively focus our research and development efforts towards constantly improving the performance characteristics and reliability of products using SPD technology. AVAILABLE INFORMATION Research Frontiers files reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You may read and copy such reports, proxy statements and other information at the public reference room maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 and you can obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an internet web site at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers, such as Research Frontiers, that file electronically with the SEC. Additional information about us can also be found at our web site at http://www.SmartGlass.com. The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference the information we file with them, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and later information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference into this prospectus our: o annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, o the portions of the proxy statement dated April 30, 2006 for our annual meeting of stockholders to be held on June 8, 2006 that have been incorporated by reference into our report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, o current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 20, 2006, o current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 28, 2006, and o the description of the capital stock contained in the Research Frontiers registration statements on Form 8-A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 dated July 31, 1995 and February 24, 2003. All filings filed by Research Frontiers with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, or 15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the initial filing of this prospectus and prior to the termination of the offering or sale of all of common stock offered under this prospectus shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus. This prospectus is part of a registration statement we filed with the SEC. As permitted by the SEC, this prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules thereto. The statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or any other document are not necessarily complete. In each case you should refer to the copy of such contract or document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement. We will provide each person to whom this prospectus is delivered, a copy of any information we have incorporated by reference but have not delivered along with this prospectus. If you would like a copy of any document incorporated herein by reference, other than exhibits unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in any such document, you can call or write to us at our principal executive offices: 240 Crossways Park Drive, Woodbury, New York 11797-2033, Attention: General Counsel (telephone: (516) 364-1902). We will provide this information without charge to any person, including a beneficial owner, to whom a copy of this prospectus is delivered upon written or oral request. No dealer, salesperson or other individual has been authorized to give any information or to make any representation not contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or in any supplement to this prospectus. If given or made, you must not rely on such information or representation as having been authorized by Research Frontiers. Neither the delivery of this prospectus nor any sale made hereunder will, under any circumstances, create an implication that there has not been any change in the affairs of Research Frontiers since the date of this prospectus or that the information contained herein is correct or complete as of any time after the date of this prospectus. This prospectus and any supplement to this prospectus do not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities offered hereby to any person, or by anyone, in any jurisdiction in which such offer or solicitation may not lawfully be made. The information set forth herein and in all publicly disseminated information about Research Frontiers, includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is subject to the safe harbor created by that section. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements as they speak only as of the date of this prospectus and are not guaranteed. DIVIDENDS Research Frontiers has never paid any cash dividends and does not expect to pay any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. USE OF PROCEEDS Unless we indicate otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, we currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including our internal research and development programs, general working capital and possible future acquisitions. We have not determined the amounts we plan to spend on any of the areas listed above or the timing of these expenditures. As a result, our management will have broad discretion to allocate the net proceeds from this offering. Pending application of the net proceeds as described above, we intend to invest the net proceeds of the offering in money market funds and other interest-bearing investments. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES We may sell from time to time, in one or more offerings common stock and/or warrants to purchase common stock. DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK Research Frontiers can issue 100,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share. 13,812,559 shares were outstanding as of the date of this prospectus. Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share on matters submitted to shareholders for their approval, to dividends if declared by Research Frontiers, and to share in any distribution of Research Frontiers' assets. All outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid for and non-assessable. Holders of common stock do not have cumulative voting rights or preemptive rights. Therefore, a minority stockholder may be less able to gain representation on Research Frontiers' board of directors. Listing Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol "REFR". Transfer Agent and Registrar Continental Stock Transfer and Trust Company is the transfer agent and registrar for our common stock. DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS The following description sets forth certain general terms and provisions of the warrants to which any prospectus supplement may relate. The particular terms of the warrants offered, the extent, if any, to which the general terms set forth below apply to the warrants offered, and any modifications or additions to the general terms as they relate to the warrants offered will be described in a prospectus supplement. General We may issue warrants for the purchase of common stock from time to time, and we may issue warrants independently or together with common stock, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from these securities. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of warrants, including: - -the offering price and aggregate number of warrants offered; - -the number of shares of common stock purchasable upon the exercise of one warrant and the price at which these shares may be purchased upon such exercise; - -the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire; - -the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreement and the warrants; - -the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants; - -any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; - -to the extent material,federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the warrants; - -any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants. Before exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of common stock, including the right to receive dividends, if any, or, payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up or to exercise voting rights, if any. Exercise of Warrants Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase the securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants at any time up to 6:00 P.M. Woodbury, New York time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void. Holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by delivering the warrant certificate representing the warrants to be exercised together with specified information, and paying the required amount to the Company in immediately available funds. Upon receipt of the required payment and the warrant certificate properly completed and duly executed, we will issue and deliver the number of shares of common stock purchasable upon such exercise. If fewer than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate are exercised, then we will issue a new warrant certificate for the remaining amount of warrants. Unless we indicate otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may surrender securities as all or part of the exercise price for warrants. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION We may sell the securities being offered hereby in one or more of the following ways from time to time: - -through dealers or agents to the public or to investors; - -to underwriters for resale to the public or to investors; - - directly to investors; or - - through a combination of such methods. We will set forth in a prospectus supplement the terms of the offering of securities, including: - - the name or names of any agents, dealers or underwriters; - - the purchase price of the securities being offered and the proceeds we will receive from the sale; - - any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us; - - any agency fees or underwriting discounts and other items constituting agents' or underwriters' compensation; - - any initial public offering price; - - any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and - any securities exchanges on which the securities may be listed if it is other than the Nasdaq Capital Market. Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters as defined in the Securities Act and any discounts or commissions they receive from us and any profit on their resale of the securities may be treated as underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. We will identify in the applicable prospectus supplement any underwriters, dealers or agents and will describe their compensation. We may have agreements with the underwriters, dealers and agents to indemnify them against specified civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. Underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with or perform services for us or our subsidiaries in the ordinary course of their businesses. Certain persons that participate in the distribution of the securities may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the securities, including over-allotment, stabilizing and short-covering transactions in such securities, and the imposition of penalty bids, in connection with an offering. Certain persons may also engage in passive market making transactions as permitted by Rule 103 of Regulation M. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker's bid, however, the passive market maker's bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded. EXPERTS The financial statements of Research Frontiers as of December 31, 2005 and the year then ended, and the financial statements of Research Frontiers as of December 31, 2004 and for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2004, have been incorporated by reference into this prospectus and in the registration statement in reliance upon the reports of BDO Seidman, LLP and KPMG LLP, respectively, independent registered public accounting firms, which are also incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and upon the authority of BDO Seidman, LLP and KPMG LLP as experts in accounting and auditing. LEGAL MATTERS The legality of the securities offered hereby has been passed upon by the law firm of Kronish, Lieb, Weiner & Hellman LLP. Joseph Harary, an of counsel at Kronish Lieb Weiner & Hellman LLP, is a director of, and serves as President and General Counsel of, Research Frontiers and beneficially owns 101,774 shares of Research Frontiers common stock and options to purchase 512,100 shares of Research Frontier common stock having a weighted average exercise price of $11.64 per share. Ralph Sutcliffe, an of counsel at Kronish Lieb Weiner & Hellman LLP, beneficially owns 31,050 shares of Research Frontiers common stock. PART II INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution. Estimated expenses relating to the distribution of the Common Stock registered herein are set forth below. Such expenses will be paid by Research Frontiers. Registration Fee under the Securities Act of 1933 $ 1,191.98 Nasdaq Listing Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$ 20,000.00 Accounting fees and expenses . . . . . . . . . . $ 20,000.00 Miscellaneous expenses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,000.00 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 42,191.98 All of the amounts set forth above, except for the filing fees for the Securities and Exchange Commission, are estimated and subject to future contingencies. Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers. Article EIGHTH of Research Frontiers' Certificate of Incorporation provides for the indemnification of Research Frontiers' officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the "GCL"). Section 145 of the GCL provides as follows: 145 Indemnification of Officers, Directors, Employees and Agents; Insurance (a) A corporation shall have power to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the person's conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that the person's conduct was unlawful. (b) A corporation shall have the power to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper. (c) To the extent that a present or former director or officer of a corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in subsections (a) and (b) of this section, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith. (d) Any indemnification under subsections (a) and (b) of this section (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the present or former director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because the person has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in subsections (a) and (b) of this section. Such determination shall be made with respect to a person who is a director or officer at the time of such determination, (1) by a majority vote of the directors who are not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or (2) by a committee of such directors designated by a majority vote of such directors, even though less than a quorum, or (3) if there are no such directors, or if such directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (4) by the stockholders. (e) Expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by an officer or director in defending any civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation as authorized in this section. Such expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by former directors and officers or other employees and agents may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the corporation deems appropriate. (f) The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, the other subsections of this section shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in such person's official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office. (g) A corporation shall have power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person's status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under this section. (h) For purposes of this section, references to "the corporation" shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under this section with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as such person would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued. (i) For purposes of this section, references to "other enterprises" shall include employee benefit plans; references to "fines" shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to any employee benefit plan; and references to "serving at the request of the corporation" shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee, or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner "not opposed to the best interests of the corporation" as referred to in this section. (j) The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this section shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person. (k) The Court of Chancery is hereby vested with exclusive jurisdiction to hear and determine all actions for advancement of expenses or indemnification brought under this section or under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise. The Court of Chancery may summarily determine a corporation' obligation to advance expenses (including attorneys' fees). Article NINTH of Research Frontiers' Certificate of Incorporation provides for the elimination of any personal liability for monetary damages of directors to the Corporation or its stockholders for breach of fiduciary duty, for negligence or for taking or omitting to take any action to the fullest extent permitted by Section 102(b) (7) of the GCL. Section 102(b) (7) of the GCL provides as follows: (b) In addition to the matters required to be set forth in the certificate of incorporation by subsection (a) of this section, the certificate of incorporation may also contain any or all of the following matters: (7) A provision eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, provided that such provision shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a director (i) for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under section 174 of this Title, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. No such provision shall eliminate or limit the liability of a director for any act or omission occurring prior to the date when such provision becomes effective. All references in this paragraph to a director shall also be deemed to refer (x) to a member of the governing body of a corporation which is not authorized to issue capital stock, and (y) to such other person or persons, if any, who, pursuant to a provision of the certificate of incorporation in accordance with section 141(a) of this title, exercise or perform any of the powers or duties otherwise conferred or imposed upon the board of directors by this title. Item 16. Exhibits. 5.1 Opinion re legality of the securities being registered. (Filed herewith) 23.1 Consent of BDO Seidman, LLP (Filed herewith). 23.2 Consent of KPMG LLP (Filed herewith). 23.3 Consent of Kronish, Lieb, Weiner & Hellman LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1) 24. Power of Attorney. (Included on signature page) - ------------------------------------ Item 17. Undertakings. The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes: 1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: (a) To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933; (b) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post- effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the "Calculation of Registration Fee" table in the effective registration statement. (c) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; Provided, however, the foregoing paragraphs do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S-3 and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement. (2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. (3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. (4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser: (a) If the registrant is relying on Rule 430B: (i) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and (ii) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or (b) If the registrant is subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use. (5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities: The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: (a) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; (b) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant; (c) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and (d) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser. The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant's annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of any employee benefit plan's annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Act") may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation or By-Laws of Research Frontiers, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Woodbury,State of New York, on May 2, 2006. RESEARCH FRONTIERS INCORPORATED (Registrant) By:/s/ Robert L. Saxe Robert L. Saxe, Chairman (Principal Executive Officer) By:/s/ Joseph M. Harary Joseph M. Harary, President and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) POWER OF ATTORNEY We the undersigned directors of Research Frontiers Incorporated each hereby severally constitute and appoint Robert L. Saxe and Joseph M. Harary, each individually as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and his name, place and stead, and in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Registration Statement (including post-effective amendments, and to file the same, and any subsequent Registration Statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b), with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting to said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform such and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date /s/ Robert L. Saxe Chairman of the Board, Director May 2, 2006 Robert L. Saxe (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ Robert M. Budin Director May 2, 2006 Robert M. Budin /s/ Joseph M. Harary President, Treasurer, Director May 2, 2006 Joseph M. Harary (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) /s/ Victor F. Keen Director May 2, 2006 Victor F. Keen /s/ Albert P. Malvino Director May 2, 2006 Albert P. Malvino EX-5 2 klwhex51.txt LEGAL OPINION OF KRONISH LIEB WEINER & HELLMAN, LLP May 4, 2006 Research Frontiers Incorporated 240 Crossways Park Drive Woodbury, New York 11797 Ladies and Gentlemen: We have acted as special counsel to Research Frontiers Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), in connection with its Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the "Registration Statement") under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"), pertaining to the issuance by the Company from time to time, together or separately, and as set forth in the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement (the "Prospectus") and in one or more supplements to the Prospectus (each, a "Prospectus Supplement"), of up to 2,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $.0001 per share, of the Company (the "Common Stock") and/or warrants to purchase such Common Stock (the "Warrants") at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of offering thereof. In so acting, we have examined originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of the Company's Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the "Certificate"), the resolutions to be adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company authorizing the filing of the Registration Statement and such other corporate records, agreements, documents and other instruments, and such certificates or comparable documents of public officials and of officers and representatives of the Company, and have made such inquiries of such officers and representatives, as we have deemed relevant and necessary as a basis for the opinions hereinafter set forth. In such examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of natural persons, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies and the authenticity of the originals of such latter documents. As to all questions of fact material to this opinion that have not been independently established, we have relied upon certificates or comparable documents of officers and representatives of the Company. Based on the foregoing, and subject to the qualifications stated herein, we are of the opinion that: 1. When (a) the Registration Statement (including any post-effective amendments thereto) shall have become effective under the Act, (b) a Prospectus Supplement describing the offered securities shall have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and (c) shares of Common Stock shall have been duly authorized pursuant to adoption by the Board of Directors of the Company of one or more resolutions in form and content as required by applicable law, and issued and paid for as contemplated by the Registration Statement and the applicable Prospectus Supplement and by such resolution(s), and assuming that (i) the Company shall have sufficient authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock to so issue such shares of Common Stock, (ii) the terms of the shares as issued and delivered are as described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus Supplement, (iii) the shares as issued and delivered do not violate any law applicable to the Company or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding on the Company and (iii) the shares as issued and delivered comply with all requirements and restrictions, if any, applicable to the Company, whether imposed by any court or by any governmental or regulatory body having jurisdiction over the Company, such shares of Common Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. 2. When (a) the Registration Statement (including any post-effective amendments thereto) shall have become effective under the Act, (b) a Prospectus Supplement describing the offered securities shall have been filed with the SEC, (c) one or more agreements setting forth the terms of the Warrants (the "Warrant Agreement") shall have been duly executed and delivered by the parties thereto, (d) the Board of Directors shall have taken all necessary corporate action in connection therewith, including, without limitation, approving the terms of the Warrants and reserving for issuance the shares of Common Stock underlying the Warrants, (e) the Warrants shall have been executed and authenticated in accordance with the terms of the Warrant Agreement and (f) the Warrants shall have been issued, sold and delivered in the manner and for the consideration stated in the applicable Warrant Agreement approved by the Board of Directors, and assuming that (i) the terms of the Warrants as executed and delivered are as described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus Supplement, (ii) the Warrants as executed and delivered do not violate any law applicable to the Company or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding on the Company and (iii) the Warrants as executed and delivered comply with all requirements and restrictions, if any, applicable to the Company, whether imposed by any court or by any governmental or regulatory body having jurisdiction over the Company, the Warrants will be legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with their terms. The foregoing opinion is subject to the qualification that we express no opinion as to the following: (i) the effect of applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws affecting creditors' rights and remedies generally, (ii) the effect of general principles of equity, including principles of commercial reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a proceeding at law or in equity), (iii) any rights to indemnification and contribution granted under any Warrant Agreement or otherwise in connection with the Warrants which may be void or limited by federal or state securities laws or public policy relating thereto. In addition, we express no opinion with respect to the enforceability of (i) consents to, or restrictions upon, judicial relief, jurisdiction or venue; (ii) advance waivers of claims, defenses, rights granted by law, or notice, opportunity for hearing, evidentiary requirements, statutes of limitation, trial by jury or at law, or other procedural rights; (iii) waivers of broadly or vaguely stated rights; (iv) provisions for exclusivity, election or accumulation of rights or remedies; (v) provisions authorizing or validating conclusive or discretionary determinations; (vi) provisions for the payment of attorneys' fees where such payment is contrary to law or public policy; (vii) proxies, powers and trusts; (viii) provisions prohibiting, restricting, or requiring consent to assignment or transfer of any right or property; and (ix) provisions for liquidated damages, monetary penalties or other economic remedies to the extent such provisions are deemed to constitute a penalty. To the extent that the obligations of the Company under any Warrant Agreement may be dependent upon such matters, we assume for purposes of the opinions set forth herein that each other party to such Warrant Agreement is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization; that each such other party is duly qualified to engage in the activities contemplated by each Warrant Agreement to which it is a party; that each Warrant Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by such other party thereto and constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of such party, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms; that each such other party is in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations relating thereto; and that each such other party has the requisite organizational and legal power and authority to perform its obligations under each Warrant Agreement to which it is a party. The opinions expressed herein are limited to the laws of the State of New York, the corporate laws of the State of Delaware, and the federal laws of the United States, and we express no opinion as to the effect on the matters covered by this letter of the laws of any other jurisdiction. The opinions expressed herein are rendered solely for your benefit in connection with the transactions described herein. Such opinions may not be used or relied upon by any other person, nor may this letter or any copies thereof be furnished to a third party, filed with a governmental agency, quoted, cited or otherwise referred to without our prior written consent, except that we hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our Firm under the caption "Legal Matters" in the Prospectus contained therein. Very truly yours, /s/ Kronish Lieb Weiner & Hellman LLP Kronish Lieb Weiner & Hellman LLP EX-23 3 ex231.txt CONSENT OF BDO SEIDMAN, LLP Exhibit 23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The Board of Directors Research Frontiers Incorporated: We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Prospectus constituting a part of this Registration Statement of our report dated March 3, 2006, relating to the consolidated financial statements, and schedule of Research Frontiers Incorporated appearing in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.We also consent to the reference to us under the caption "Experts" in the Prospectus. /s/ BDO Seidman, LLP BDO Seidman, LLP Melville, New York May 4, 2006 EX-23 4 ex232.txt CONSENT OF KPMG LLP Exhibit 23.2 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The Board of Directors Research Frontiers Incorporated: We consent to the use of our report dated March 15, 2005, with respect to the consolidated balance sheet of Research Fronties Incorporated and subsidiary as of December 31, 2004, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2004, incorporated herein by reference and to the reference to our firm under the heading "Experts" in the Registration Statement. /s/ KPMG LLP KPMG LLP Melville, New York May 4, 2006 -----END PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE-----