Revenue

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contracts with Customer

REVENUE

Revenue Recognition

Revenues are recognized over time as control of the promised services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services.

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by revenue source (in thousands):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Truckload Transportation Services	$	1,909,776		$	1,881,323		$	1,635,244
Werner Logistics	489,729			518,078			417,639
Inter-segment eliminations	(243		)	(1,149		)	(829		)
Transportation services	2,399,262			2,398,252			2,052,054
Other revenues	64,439			59,662			64,683
Total revenues	$	2,463,701		$	2,457,914		$	2,116,737

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by geographic areas in which we conduct business (in thousands). Operating revenues for foreign countries include revenues for (i) shipments with an origin or destination in that country and (ii) other services provided in that country. If both the origin and destination are in a foreign country, the revenues are attributed to the country of origin.

	Years Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
United States	$	2,191,560	$	2,145,098	$	1,837,525
Mexico	197,470		233,116		210,228
Other	74,671		79,700		68,984
Total revenues	$	2,463,701	$	2,457,914	$	2,116,737

Transportation Services

We generate nearly all of our revenues by transporting truckload freight shipments for our customers. Transportation services are carried out by our Truckload Transportation Services (“TTS”) segment and our Werner Logistics (“Logistics”) segment. The TTS segment utilizes company-owned and independent contractor trucks to deliver shipments, while the Logistics segment uses third-party capacity providers.

We generate revenues from billings for transportation services under contracts with customers, generally on a rate per mile or per shipment, based on origin and destination of the shipment. Our performance obligation arises when we receive a shipment order to transport a customer’s freight and is satisfied upon delivery of the shipment. The transaction price may be defined in a transportation services agreement or negotiated with the customer prior to accepting the shipment order. A customer may submit several shipment orders for transportation services at various times throughout a service agreement term, but each shipment represents a distinct service that is a separately identified performance obligation. We often provide additional or ancillary services as part of the shipment (such as loading/unloading and stops in transit) which are not distinct or are not material in the context of the contract; therefore the revenues for these services are recognized with the freight transaction price. The average transit time to complete a shipment is approximately 3 days. Invoices for transportation services are typically generated soon after shipment delivery and, while payment terms and conditions vary by customer, are generally due within 30 days after the invoice date.

The Consolidated Statements of Income reflect recognition of transportation revenues (including fuel surcharge revenues) and related direct costs over time as the shipment is being delivered. We use distance shipped (for the TTS segment) and transit time (for the Logistics segment) to measure progress and the amount of revenues recognized over time, as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefit. Determining a measure of progress requires us to make judgments that affect the timing of revenues recognized. We have determined that the methods described provide a faithful depiction of the transfer of services to the customer.

For shipments where a third-party capacity provider (including independent contractors under contract with us) is utilized to provide some or all of the service, we evaluate whether we are the principal (i.e., report revenues on a gross basis) or agent (i.e., report revenues on a net basis). Generally, we report such revenues on a gross basis, that is, we recognize both revenues for the

service we bill to the customer and rent and purchased transportation expense for transportation costs we pay to the third-party provider. Where we are the principal, we control the transportation service before it is provided to our customers, which is supported by us being primarily responsible for fulfilling the shipment obligation to the customer and having a level of discretion in establishing pricing with the customer.

During 2019 and 2018, revenues recognized from performance obligations related to prior periods (for example, due to changes in transaction price) were not material.

Other Revenues

Other revenues include revenues from our driver training schools, transportation-related activities such as third-party equipment maintenance and equipment leasing, and other business activities. These revenues are generally recognized over time and accounted for 3% of our total revenues in 2019 and 2% of our total revenues in 2018. Revenues from our driver training schools require us to make judgments regarding price concessions in determining the amount of revenues to recognize.

Contract Balances and Accounts Receivable

A receivable is an unconditional right to consideration and is recognized when shipments have been completed and the related performance obligation has been fully satisfied. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the accounts receivable, net, balance was $322.8 million and $337.9 million, respectively. Contract assets represent a conditional right to consideration in exchange for goods or services, and are transferred to receivables when the rights become unconditional. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the balance of contract assets was $5.9 million and $7.4 million, respectively. We have recognized contract assets within the other current assets financial statement caption on the balance sheet. These contract assets are considered current assets as they will be settled in less than 12 months.

Contract liabilities represent advance consideration received from customers and are recognized as revenues over time as the related performance obligation is satisfied. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the balance of contract liabilities was $1.3 million and $1.7 million, respectively. The amount of revenues recognized in 2019 that was included in the December 31, 2018 contract liability balance was $1.7 million. We have recognized contract liabilities within the accounts payable and other current liabilities financial statement captions on the balance sheet. These contract liabilities are considered current liabilities as they will be settled in less than 12 months.

Performance Obligations

We have elected to apply the practical expedient in ASC Topic 606 to not disclose the value of remaining performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less. Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price allocated to future reporting periods for freight shipments started but not completed at the reporting date that we expect to recognize as revenues in the period subsequent to the reporting date; transit times generally average approximately 3 days.