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5. Financial instruments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
Financial Instruments Disclosure [Text Block]

5.         Financial instruments


The Company is exposed to various risks through its financial instruments. The following analysis provides a measure of the Company's risk exposure and concentrations at the balance sheet date, December 31, 2012:


(a)  Credit risk


Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the other party by failing to discharge an obligation. Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of bank indebtedness and accounts receivable.


In the opinion of management, credit risk associated with bank indebtedness of $70,803          (2011: $28,281) is assessed as low and unchanged from the prior year. The Company ensures that financial assets and liabilities are placed with financial institutions with high credit ratings in order to mitigate the risk.


With respect to accounts receivable of $380,043 (2011: $188,423), the Company receives most of its revenues in 1816191 Ontario Inc. from the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, a provincially regulated program. (Note 6) The Company performs frequent reviews of billing reports submitted to the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, to ensure accuracy and filing on a timely basis. Allowances are provided for potential losses that have been incurred at the balance sheet date.


Credit risk associated with accounts receivable of Greenestone Clinic Muskoka Inc. is mitigated due to balances from many customers, as well as through credit checks and frequent reviews of receivables to ensure timely collection.


In the opinion of management, credit risk is assessed as low, not material and remains unchanged from the prior year. 


(a)          Liquidity risk


Liquidity risk is the risk the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The Company is exposed to liquidity risk through its working capital deficiency of $4,015,405 (2011: $3,587,001) and accumulated deficit of $10,303,902 (2011: $8,819,549). As disclosed in note 2, the Company will be dependent upon the raising of additional capital in order to implement its business plan. There is no assurance that the Company will be successful with future financing ventures, and the inability to secure such financing may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition.  In the opinion of management, liquidity risk is assessed as high and remains unchanged from the prior year. 


(b)  Market risk


Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk comprises of three types of risk: interest rate risk, currency risk, and other price risk. The Company is exposed to interest rate risk and currency risk.


                              i.    Interest rate risk


Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its bank indebtedness of $70,803 (2011: $28,281). This liability is based on floating rates of interest that have been stable during the current reporting period. In the opinion of management, interest rate risk is assessed as low, not material and remains unchanged from the prior year.


                           ii.       Currency risk


Currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company is subject to currency risk as its subsidiaries operate in Canada and are subject to fluctuations in the Canadian dollar. All of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities are denominated in Canadian dollars. Based on the net exposures at December 31, 2012, a 10% depreciation or appreciation of the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar would result in an approximate $10,000 increase or decrease in the Company’s after-tax net earnings, respectively. The Company has not entered into any hedging agreements to mediate this risk. In the opinion of management, currency risk is assessed as low, material and remains unchanged from the prior year.


                       iii.          Other price risk


Other price risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices (other than those arising from interest rate risk or currency risk), whether those changes are caused by factors specific to the individual financial instrument or its issuer, or factors affecting all similar financial instruments traded in the market. The Company is not exposed to this risk and is unchanged from the prior year.