Variable interest entities ("VIEs")

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

Variable Interest Entity [Abstract]

Variable interest entities ("VIEs")

Variable interest entities ("VIEs")

The Company's policy is to consolidate all subsidiaries in which it has a controlling financial interest, as well as any VIEs where the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary, when it has the power to make the decisions that most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIE and has the obligation to absorb significant losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

The Company serves as general partner of hedge funds and private equity funds that were established for the purpose of providing alternative investments to both its institutional and qualified retail clients. The Company's investment in and additional capital commitments to these hedge funds and private equity funds are considered variable interests. The Company's additional capital commitments are subject to call at a later date and are limited to the amount committed.

The Company assesses whether it is the primary beneficiary of the hedge funds and private equity funds in which it holds a variable interest in the form of general and limited partner interests. In each instance, the Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary and therefore need not consolidate the hedge funds or private equity funds. The subsidiaries' general and limited partnership interests and additional capital commitments represent its maximum exposure to loss. The subsidiaries' general partnership and limited partnership interests are included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, assets and liabilities related to a VIE where the Company is not the primary beneficiary were included in Securities owned, at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet and primarily related to a convertible note and warrants issued by a beverage manufacturing company.

The maximum loss exposure indicated in the following table relates solely to our investments in, and unfunded commitments to, the VIE.

(Expressed in thousands)
	As of June 30,
	2025		2024
Assets	$	3,052	$	—
Liabilities	—		—
Unfunded commitments	—		—
Maximum loss exposure	$	3,052	$	—