-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, CbKaxSumXwcudGUT/V3xdyn4q8p/ZVSjdwDrqf/OiYBNRmlv3tZ7DI7S+znBe7Tp sn/w2+G0DbNjlKmvKUAL9w== 0000791963-99-000003.txt : 19990331 0000791963-99-000003.hdr.sgml : 19990331 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000791963-99-000003 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 3 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 19981231 FILED AS OF DATE: 19990330 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: FAHNESTOCK VINER HOLDINGS INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000791963 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: SECURITY BROKERS, DEALERS & FLOTATION COMPANIES [6211] IRS NUMBER: 980080034 FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-12043 FILM NUMBER: 99578867 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 20 EGLINTON AVENUE WEST STREET 2: PO BOX 2015 SUITE 1110 CITY: TOTRONTO M4R 1K8 STATE: A6 BUSINESS PHONE: 4163643397 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: PO BOX 2015 SUITE 1110 STREET 2: 20 EGLINTON AVENUE WEST CITY: TORONTO M4R 1K8 STATE: A6 10-K 1 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D. C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) [x] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998 OR [ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from _________ to _________. Commission file number 1-12043 FAHNESTOCK VINER HOLDINGS INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Ontario, Canada 98-0080034 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) P.O. Box 2015, Suite 1110 20 Eglinton Avenue West Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4R 1K8 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant's Telephone number, including area code: (416) 322-1515 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Name of each exchange Title of each class on which registered Class A non-voting shares New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Title of each class Not Applicable Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [x] No [ ] Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ] The aggregate market value of the voting stock of the Company held by non-affiliates of the Company cannot be calculated because no class of voting stock of the Company is publicly traded. The aggregate market value of the Class A non-voting shares held by non-affiliates of the Company at December 31, 1998 was $214,222,000. The number of shares of the Company's Class A non-voting shares and Class B voting shares (being the only classes of common stock of the Company), outstanding on February 28, 1999 was 12,489,819 and 99,680 shares, respectively. TABLE OF CONTENTS Item Number Page PART 1 1.Business 1 2.Properties 12 3.Legal Proceedings 12 4.Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders 13 PART II 5.Market for the Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters 13 6.Selected Financial Data 16 7.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 17 7a.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 23 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 25 9.Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants and Financial Disclosure 25 PART III 10.Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant 25 11.Executive Compensation 27 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management 31 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions 32 PART IV 14.Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K 33 Signatures 34 PART I Item 1. BUSINESS Fahnestock Viner Holdings Inc., formerly called E.A. Viner Holdings Limited and immediately prior to that called Goldale Investments Limited (the "Company"), maintains its registered office and principal place of business at 20 Eglinton Avenue West, Suite 1110, Toronto, Ontario M4R 1K8 and its telephone number is (416) 322-1515. The Company was originally incorporated under the laws of British Columbia. Pursuant to Certificate and Articles of Continuation effective October 12, 1977, the Company's legal existence was continued under the Business Corporation Act (Ontario) as if it had been incorporated as an Ontario corporation. The Company is a holding company and carries on no active business. It owns, directly or through intermediate subsidiaries, Fahnestock & Co., Inc. (formerly Edward A. Viner & Co., Inc.), a New York corporation ("Fahnestock"), Freedom Investments, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Freedom"), Hudson Capital Advisors Inc., a New York corporation ("Hudson Capital") and, since July 1997, First of Michigan Corporation, a Michigan corporation ("FOM") and since October 1998, Evanston Financial Corporation, Inc.. Pursuant to a purchase agreement dated December 1, 1998, all of FOM's registered personnel and customer accounts were transferred to Fahnestock on January 1, 1999 and certain assets and liabilities were transferred to Fahnestock on December 31, 1998. FOM filed to withdraw their registration as a broker-dealer with the New York Stock Exchange on January 6, 1999. FOM will operate as a division of Fahnestock. Fahnestock, Freedom, FOM, Evanston and Hudson Capital are sometimes collectively referred to as the "Operating Subsidiaries". Through the Operating Subsidiaries, the Company is engaged in the securities brokerage and trading business and offers investment advisory and other related financial services. Fahnestock (and FOM until January 2, 1999) are the principal Operating Subsidiaries. Fahnestock is engaged in the securities brokerage business in the United States and, through the agency of local licensed broker-dealers, Fahnestock operates offices in Buenos Aires, Argentina and Caracas, Venezuela. Hudson Capital is engaged in the investment advisory business in the United States. In October 1998, E.A. Viner International Co. formed Evanston Financial Corporation, Inc. as a mortgage banker specializing in refinancing and re-marketing of mortgages on subsidized health-care and nursing home facilities. Evanston is readying its application to the Federal Home Administration to acquire a federal home loan license. On July 17, 1997, a subsidiary of Fahnestock acquired approximately 99.4% of the outstanding common stock of First of Michigan Capital Corporation ("FOMCC") by way of a US$15.00 per share cash tender offer. On July 31, 1997, the Company acquired the remaining outstanding shares pursuant to a back-end "short- form" merger of the Company's subsidiary with and into FOMCC. The total purchase price was $37,609,000. The acquisition was accounted for by the purchase method. At December 31, 1998, Fahnestock and FOM together employed 694 full-time registered representatives and 607 employees in trading, research, investment banking, investment advisory services, public finance and support positions for Fahnestock's 45 offices in the United States, FOM's 25 offices (all of which are located in Michigan) and for Freedom in its offices in Omaha, Nebraska. Fahnestock, FOM and Freedom are broker-dealers registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") and in all other jurisdictions where their respective businesses requires registration. Fahnestock, in addition to its United States operations, conducts business in Caracas and Buenos Aires through local broker-dealers who are licensed under the laws of Venezuela and Argentina, respectively. The Operating Subsidiaries are collectively engaged in a broad range of activities in the securities brokerage business, including retail securities brokerage, institutional sales, bond trading and investment banking - offering both corporate and public finance services, underwriting, research, market making and investment advisory and asset management services. No material part of the Company's revenues, taken as a whole, are derived from a single customer or group of customers. Fahnestock, FOM and Freedom are members of the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. ("NYSE") and the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. ("NASD"); and Fahnestock and FOM are members of the American Stock Exchange, Inc. ("AMEX"), the Chicago Stock Exchange Incorporated ("CSE"), the Chicago Board Options Exchange, Inc. ("CBOE"), the Philadelphia Stock Exchange, Inc. ("PHLX"), the New York Futures Exchange, Inc. ("NYFE"), the National Futures Association ("NFA") and the Securities Industry Association ("SIA"). In addition, Fahnestock has satisfied the requirements of the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board ("MSRB") for effecting customer transactions in municipal securities. Fahnestock, which acts as a clearing broker for FOM and Freedom, is also a member of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation ("SIPC"), which provides, in the event of the liquidation of a broker- dealer, protection for customers' accounts (including the customer accounts of other securities firms when it acts on their behalf as a clearing broker) held by the firm of up to $500,000 for each customer, subject to a limitation of $100,000 for claims for cash balances. SIPC is funded through assessments on registered broker- dealers which may not exceed 1% of a broker-dealer's gross revenues (as defined); SIPC assessments were a flat fee of $150 in 1997 and in 1996 and 1995 was 0.095% of the adjusted combined gross revenues of Fahnestock and Freedom (and until July, 1995, Pace Securities Inc.). In addition, Fahnestock has purchased protection from Aetna Casualty and Surety Company of an additional $9,500,000 per customer. Upon request, Fahnestock, at the customer's expense, will obtain additional protection for a customer whose securities account is in excess of $10,000,000. The following table sets forth the amount and percentage of the Company's revenues from each principal source for the periods indicated and includes the consolidated revenues of FOMCC from July 17, 1997, the date of its acquisition. Year ended December 31, 1998 % 1997 % 1996 % (Dollars in thousands, except percentages) Commissions $114,889 49% $103,323 43% $73,992 35% Principal transactions, net 32,727 14% 65,972 27% 80,508 38% Interest 42,028 18% 40,123 17% 32,981 15% Underwriting fees 12,655 6% 11,042 4% 8,672 4% Advisory fees 21,742 9% 15,808 7% 14,189 6% Other 8,740 4% 5,890 2% 3,646 2% Total revenues $232,781 100% $242,158 100% $213,988 100% The Company derives most of its revenues from the operations of its principal subsidiaries, Fahnestock and FOM. Although maintained as separate entities, because Fahnestock acts as clearing broker in transactions initiated by FOM and Freedom, the operations of the Company's brokerage subsidiaries are closely related. Except as expressly otherwise stated, the discussion below pertains to the operations of Fahnestock. COMMISSIONS A significant portion of Fahnestock's and FOM's revenues is derived from commissions from retail and, to a lesser extent, institutional customers on brokerage transactions in exchange-listed and over-the- counter corporate equity and debt securities. Brokerage commissions are charged on both exchange and over-the-counter transactions in accordance with a schedule which Fahnestock has formulated. In certain cases, discounts are granted to customers, generally on large trades or to active customers. Fahnestock and FOM also provide a range of services in other financial products to retail and institutional customers, including the purchase and sale of options on the CBOE, the AMEX and other stock exchanges as well as futures on indexes listed on various exchanges. Commission business relies heavily on the services of account executives with good sales production records. Competition among securities firms for such personnel is intense. Retail clients' accounts are serviced by retail account executives (excluding the institutional account executives referred to below) in Fahnestock's and FOM's offices. Fahnestock's and FOM's institutional clients, which include mutual funds, banks, insurance companies, and pension and profit- sharing funds, are serviced by institutional brokers. (For a discussion of regulatory matters, see "Regulation".) The institutional department is supported by the research department which provides coverage of a number of commercial and industrial as well as emerging growth companies and special situation investments. Securities Clearance Activities Fahnestock provides a full range of securities clearance services to five non-affiliated securities firms on a fully-disclosed basis. In addition to commissions and service charges, Fahnestock derives substantial interest revenue from its securities clearing activities. See "Interest" and "Securities Borrowed And Loaned." In most cases, Fahnestock provides margin financing for the clients of the securities firms for which it clears, with the securities firms guaranteeing the accounts of their clients. Fahnestock also extends margin credit directly to its correspondent firms to the extent that such firms hold securities positions for their own account. Because Fahnestock must rely on the guarantees and general credit of its correspondent firms, Fahnestock may be exposed to significant risks of loss if any of its correspondents or its correspondents' customers are unable to meet their respective financial commitments. See "Risk Management." The correspondent clearing procedure for fully-disclosed accounts involves a series of steps: The correspondent broker opens an account for its customer and takes the customer's order for the purchase and sale of securities. The order is then executed by the correspondent firm or Fahnestock. Fahnestock completes the transaction by taking possession of the customer's cash, if securities are being purchased, or certificates, if securities are being sold, lending the customer any amounts required if the purchase is being made on margin, and making delivery to the broker for the other party to the transaction. Fahnestock or the correspondent sends the customer a written confirmation containing the details of each transaction the day after it is executed, and Fahnestock sends each customer a monthly statement for the entire account. The execution, clearance, settlement, receipt, delivery and record-keeping functions involved in the clearing process require the performance of a series of complex steps, many of which are accomplished with data processing equipment. In addition to executing trades, Fahnestock also provides other services to its correspondents, including performance of accounting functions, provision of office services, custody of securities and compliance with regulatory requirements. The responsibilities arising out of Fahnestock's clearing relationships are allocated pursuant to agreements with its correspondents. To the extent that the correspondent broker has financial resources available, this allocation of responsibilities protects Fahnestock against claims by customers of correspondent brokers where the responsibility for the function giving rise to a claim has been allocated to the correspondent broker. If the correspondent is unable to meet its obligations to its customers, however, dissatisfied customers may attempt to obtain recovery from Fahnestock. Floor Brokerage In addition to transactions in which Fahnestock executes transactions for itself or its own customers, Fahnestock acts as agent for the accounts of other brokers. With its memberships on the various exchanges, Fahnestock attempts to utilize excess execution capacity by executing orders for other brokerage firms. Fahnestock bills such other firms at prevailing rates which are set on a basis competitive with rates charged by other brokerage firms performing similar functions. PRINCIPAL TRANASACTIONS Market-Making Fahnestock acts as both principal and as agent in the execution of its customers' orders in the over-the-counter market. Fahnestock buys, sells and maintains an inventory of a security in order to "make a market" in that security. (To "make a market" in a security is to maintain firm bid and offer prices by standing ready to buy or sell round lots at publicly quoted prices. In order to make a market it is necessary to commit capital to buy, sell and maintain an inventory of a security.) As of December 31, 1998, Fahnestock made approximately 1,500 dealer markets in the common stock or other equity securities of corporate issuers. In executing customer orders for over-the-counter securities in which it does not make a market, Fahnestock generally charges a commission and acts as agent or will act as principal by marking the security up or down in a riskless transaction, working with another firm which is a market-maker acting as principal. However, when the buy or sell order is in a security in which Fahnestock makes a market, Fahnestock normally acts as principal and purchases from or sells to its customers at a price which is approximately equal to the current inter-dealer market price plus or minus a mark-up or mark-down. The stocks in which Fahnestock makes a market also include those of issuers which are followed by Fahnestock's research department. The U.S. Justice Department and the SEC have completed an investigation of industry over-the-counter trading practices. As a result of the investigation, the SEC issued "The 21a Report" detailing industry practices, some of which were deemed anti- competitive. The SEC has effected a "Firm Quote Rule", an "Order Exposure Rule" and a "Best Execution Interpretation" (the "Rules"), all of which are intended to correct the aforementioned practices and offer public customers better executions. The Rules became effective on January 10, 1997 and have negatively impacted the day to day profitability of Fahnestock's OTC trading department. The impact of the Rules has been to narrow the spread (the difference between the bid and ask prices) on virtually all of the securities in which Fahnestock makes markets, thus reducing potential profitability in day to day transactions. Trading profits or losses depend on (i) the skills of those employees engaged in market-making activities, (ii) the capital allocated to holding positions in securities and (iii) the general trend of prices in the securities markets. Trading as principal requires the commitment of capital and creates an opportunity for profits or an exposure to risk of loss due to market fluctuations. Fahnestock takes both long and short positions in those securities in which it makes a market. The size of its securities positions on any one day may not be representative of Fahnestock's exposure on any other day because securities positions vary substantially based upon economic and market conditions, allocations of capital, underwriting commitments and trading volume. Also, the aggregate value of inventories of stocks which Fahnestock may carry is limited by the Net Capital Rule. See "Net Capital Requirements" and Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -- Liquidity and Capital Resources." To a lesser extent, Fahnestock also buys and sells municipal bonds, Ginnie Maes, Unit Investment Trusts and U.S. Treasury Securities as well as other fixed income securities for its own account in the secondary market and maintains an inventory of municipal bonds and other securities and resells bonds from its inventory to dealers as well as to institutional and retail customers. Other Trading Activities Fahnestock and FOM hold positions in their trading accounts in over-the-counter securities and in exchange-listed securities in which they do not make a market, and may engage from time to time in other types of principal transactions in securities. Fahnestock has several trading departments including: a convertible bond department, a risk arbitrage department, a corporate bond dealer department, a municipal bond department, a government/mortgage backed securities department, a department that underwrites and trades U.S. government agency issues and a department that trades high yield securities (commonly referred to as "junk bonds"). FOM has several trading departments including: over-the-counter equities, taxable corporate bonds, municipal bonds, UITs and US government bonds. These departments continually purchase and sell securities and make markets in order to make a profit on the inter-dealer spread. Although Fahnestock and FOM from time to time holds an inventory of securities, more typically, they seek to match customer buy and sell orders. Fahnestock and FOM do not carry "bridge loans" (i.e., short-term loans made in anticipation of intermediate- term or long-term financing). No substantial losses relating to Fahnestock's risk arbitrage activities have been incurred. Investment Income Dividends and interest earned on securities held in inventory are treated as investment income. Principal transactions, including market-making and other trading and investment activities, accounted for approximately 14%, 27% and 38%, respectively, of the Company's total revenues for the fiscal years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. Risk Management Fahnestock's and FOM's principal transactions and brokerage activities expose them to credit and market risks. When Fahnestock or FOM advances funds or securities to a counterparty in a principal transaction or to a customer in a brokered transaction, it is subject to the risk that the counterparty or customer will not repay such advances. If the market price of the securities purchased or loaned has declined or increased, respectively, Fahnestock or FOM may be unable to recover some or all of the value of the amount advanced. A similar risk is also present where a customer is unable to respond to a margin call and the market price of the collateral has dropped. In addition, Fahnestock's and FOM's securities positions are subject to fluctuations in market value and liquidity. Fahnestock and FOM monitor market risks through daily profit and loss statements and position reports. Each trading department adheres to internal position limits determined by senior management and regularly reviews the age and composition of its proprietary accounts. Positions and profits and losses of each trading department are reported to senior management on a daily basis. Fahnestock or FOM may from time to time attempt to reduce market risk through the utilization of various derivative securities as a hedge to market exposure. In its market-making activities, Fahnestock must provide liquidity in the equities for which it makes markets. This may require Fahnestock to position itself for the inevitable reversal in the market, however temporary that reversal may be. In the fourth quarter of 1998, the recovery of the Internet sector from the October lows was unprecedented with some stocks tripling in value over a few weeks. Fahnestock misjudged the momentum of this rally and was slow to take losses, waiting for the reversal that historically should have occurred. In a few trading days, the firm's positions became outsized, causing the firm to sustain significant and unrecoverable losses over a few days. As a result of this event, Fahnestock has re- evaluated its risk management policies and has put into place risk containment policies to limit position size and to monitor transactions on a minute-to-minute basis. The newly strengthened risk management policies also limit market-making activities entirely in securities that are the focus of day traders acting through on-line brokers and those where valuations and price volatility exceed certain predetermined boundaries. In addition to monitoring the credit worthiness of its customers, Fahnestock imposes more conservative margin requirements than those of the NYSE. Generally, Fahnestock limits customer loans to an amount not greater than 65% of the value of the securities (or 50% if the securities in the account are concentrated in a limited number of issues). In comparison, the NYSE permits loans of up to 75% of the value of the securities in a customer's account. For further discussion of risk management, see Item 7a, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk. INTEREST Fahnestock derives net interest income from the financing of customer margin loans and its securities lending activities. See "Customer Financing" and "Securities Borrowed and Loaned." Customer Financing Customers' securities transactions are effected on either a cash or margin basis. In margin transactions, Fahnestock extends credit to the customer, collateralized by securities and/or cash in the customer's account, for a portion of the purchase price, and receives income from interest charged on such extensions of credit. The customer is charged for such margin financing at interest rates based upon the brokers call rate (the prevailing interest rate charged by banks on collateralized loans to broker-dealers), to which is added an additional amount of up to 2%. In each of the last five years, financing activities conducted on behalf of its customers have provided Fahnestock with a substantial source of revenue. A substantial portion of these financing activities are undertaken in connection with Fahnestock's securities clearance business and its own retail business. See "Commissions." The amount of Fahnestock's interest revenue is affected by the volume of customer borrowing and by prevailing interest rates. The primary source of funds to finance customers' margin account borrowings are collateralized and uncollateralized bank borrowings, funds generated by lending securities on a cash collateral basis in excess of the amount of securities borrowed and free credit balances in customers' accounts. Free credit balances in customers' accounts, to the extent not required to be segregated pursuant to SEC rules, may be used in the conduct of Fahnestock's business, including the extension of margin credit. Subject to applicable regulations, interest is paid by Fahnestock on most, but not all, of such free credit balances awaiting reinvestment by customers. To the extent that the use of free credit balances reduces borrowings, interest expense is reduced. Margin lending by Fahnestock is subject to the margin rules of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, NYSE margin requirements and Fahnestock's internal policies. By permitting customers to purchase on margin, Fahnestock takes the risk of a market decline that would reduce the value of its collateral below the customer's indebtedness before the collateral could be sold. Under applicable NYSE rules, in the event of a decline in the market value of the securities in a margin account, Fahnestock is obligated to require the customer to deposit additional securities or cash in the account so that at all times the loan to the customer for the purchase of marginable securities is no greater than 75% of the market value of such securities or cash in the account. Securities Borrowed and Loaned In connection with both its trading and brokerage activities, Fahnestock borrows securities to cover short sales and to complete transactions in which customers have failed to deliver securities by the required settlement date, and lends securities to other brokers and dealers for similar purposes. When borrowing securities, Fahnestock is required to deposit cash or other collateral, or to post a letter of credit with the lender and receives a rebate (based on the amount of cash deposited) or pays a fee calculated to yield a negotiated rate of return. When lending securities, Fahnestock receives cash or similar collateral and generally pays a rebate (based on the amount of cash deposited) to the other party to the transaction. Transactions in which stocks are borrowed or loaned are generally executed pursuant to written agreements with counterparties which require that the securities borrowed be marked to market on a daily basis and that excess collateral be refunded or that additional collateral be furnished in the event of changes in the market value of the securities. Margin adjustments are usually made on a daily basis through the facilities of various clearing houses. UNDERWRITING BUSINESS Fahnestock and FOM manage the underwriting of both corporate and municipal securities including the securitization of corporate and other obligations, and participates as an underwriter in the syndicates of issues managed by other securities firms. The corporate finance department is responsible for originating and developing transactions which include underwriting, mergers and acquisitions, private placements, valuations, financial advisory work and other investment banking matters. The management of and participation in public offerings involve significant risks. An underwriter may incur losses if it is unable to resell at a profit the securities it has purchased. Under federal and state securities and other laws, an underwriter is subject to substantial liability for misstatements or omissions that are judged to be material in prospectuses and other communications related to underwriting. Underwriting commitments cause a charge against net capital. Consequently, the aggregate amount of underwriting commitments at any one time may be limited by the amount of net capital available. The Company derived 5% of its revenues from underwriting in 1998, 4% in both 1997 and 1996. See "Net Capital Requirements" and Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -- Liquidity and Capital Resources." INVESTMENT ADVISORY BUSINESS Hudson Capital and Fahnestock (through its divisions Fahnestock Asset Management and Newbold Investment Advisory) provide investment advisory services for a fee to their respective clients. These equity and debt management service fees are based on the value of the portfolio under management. In addition to the management fee, transactions executed for such accounts may be effected at standard rates of commission or at discounts from Fahnestock's customary commission schedule. At December 31, 1998 Fahnestock and Hudson Capital together had approximately $1.2 billion under management. The agreements under which the portfolios are managed on behalf of institutions and other investors generally provide for termination by either party at any time. ADMINISTRATION AND OPERATIONS Administration and operations personnel are responsible for the processing of securities transactions; the receipt, identification and delivery of funds and securities; the maintenance of internal financial controls; accounting functions; custody of customers' securities; the handling of margin accounts for Fahnestock and its correspondents; and general office services. Fahnestock employs approximately 180 persons in its administration and operations departments at its head office and approximately 110 people in its administration and operations departments in FOM's Detroit headquarters. There is considerable fluctuation during any year and from year to year in the volume of transactions Fahnestock must process. Fahnestock records transactions and posts its books on a daily basis. Operations personnel monitor day-to-day operations to assure compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations. Failure to keep current and accurate books and records can render Fahnestock liable for disciplinary action by governmental and self-regulatory organizations. Fahnestock executes its own and certain of its correspondents' securities transactions on all United States exchanges of which it is a member and in the over-the-counter market. Fahnestock clears all of its securities transactions (i.e., it delivers securities that it has sold, receives securities that it has purchased and transfers related funds) through its own facilities and through memberships in various clearing corporations and custodian banks. Fahnestock believes that its internal controls and safeguards are adequate, although fraud and misconduct by customers and employees and the possibility of theft of securities are risks inherent in the securities industry. As required by the NYSE and certain other authorities, Fahnestock carries a broker's blanket insurance bond covering loss or theft of securities, forgery of checks and drafts, embezzlement, fraud and misplacement of securities. This bond provides coverage of up to an aggregate of $15,000,000 with a self- insurance retention of $100,000. COMPETITION Fahnestock encounters intense competition in all aspects of the securities business and competes directly with other securities firms, a significant number of which have substantially greater resources and offer a wider range of financial services. In addition, there has recently been increasing competition from other sources, such as commercial banks, insurance companies and certain major corporations which have entered the securities industry through acquisition, and from other entities. Additionally, foreign-based securities firms and commercial banks regularly offer their services in performing a variety of investment banking functions including: merger and acquisition advice, leveraged buy-out financing, merchant banking, and bridge financing, all in direct competition with U.S. broker-dealers. These developments have led to the creation of a greater number of integrated financial services firms that may be able to compete more effectively than Fahnestock for investment funds by offering a greater range of financial services. Fahnestock believes that the principal factors affecting competition in the securities industry are the quality and ability of professional personnel and relative prices of services and products offered. Fahnestock and its competitors employ advertising and direct solicitation of potential customers in order to increase business and furnish investment research publications in an effort to retain existing and attract potential clients. Many of Fahnestock's competitors engage in these programs more extensively than does Fahnestock. There is substantial commission discounting by broker-dealers competing for institutional and retail brokerage business. The continuation of such discounting and an increase in the incidence thereof could adversely affect Fahnestock. However, an increase in the use of discount brokerages could be beneficial to Freedom. REGULATION The securities industry in the United States is subject to extensive regulation under both federal and state laws. The SEC is the federal agency charged with administration of the federal securities laws. Much of the regulation of broker-dealers has been delegated to self- regulatory organizations, principally the NASD and the national securities exchanges such as the NYSE, which has been designated as Fahnestock's primary regulator with respect to securities activities and the National Futures Association which has been designated as Fahnestock's primary regulator with respect to commodities activities. The CBOE has been designated Fahnestock's primary regulator with respect to options trading activities. These self- regulatory organizations adopt rules (subject to approval by the SEC or the Commodities Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC"), as the case may be) governing the industry and conduct periodic examinations of Fahnestock's and Freedom's operations. Securities firms are also subject to regulation by state securities commissions in the states in which they do business. Fahnestock is registered as a broker-dealer in 50 states and Puerto Rico. FOM is registered as a broker-dealer in all 50 states except Nebraska. FOM's primary regulator with respect to securities activities has been designated as the NYSE. The regulations to which broker-dealers are subject cover all aspects of the securities business, including sales methods, trade practices among broker-dealers, the use and safekeeping of customers' funds and securities, capital structure of securities firms, record keeping and the conduct of directors, officers and employees. The SEC has adopted rules requiring underwriters to ensure that municipal securities issuers provide current financial information and imposing limitations on political contributions to municipal issuers by brokers, dealers and other municipal finance professionals. Additional legislation, changes in rules promulgated by the SEC, the CFTC and by self-regulatory organizations, or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and rules may directly affect the method of operation and profitability of broker-dealers. The SEC, self-regulatory organizations (including the NYSE), and state securities commissions may conduct administrative proceedings which can result in censure, fine, issuance of cease and desist orders or suspension or expulsion of a broker-dealer, its officers, or employees. The principal purpose of regulating and disciplining broker-dealers is to protect customers and the securities markets, rather than to protect creditors and shareholders of broker-dealers. Fahnestock and Hudson Capital are also subject to regulation by the SEC and under certain state laws in connection with their businesses as investment advisors. Margin lending by Fahnestock is subject to the margin rules of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the NYSE. Under such rules, Fahnestock is limited in the amount it may lend in connection with certain purchases of securities and is also required to impose certain maintenance requirements on the amount of securities and cash held in margin accounts. In addition, Fahnestock may (and currently does) impose more restrictive margin requirements than required by such rules. See "Customer Financing." NET CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS As a registered broker-dealer and a member firm of the NYSE, Fahnestock is subject to certain net capital requirements pursuant to Rule 15c3-1 (the "Net Capital Rule") promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"). The Net Capital Rule, which specifies minimum net capital requirements for registered brokers and dealers, is designed to measure the general financial integrity and liquidity of a broker-dealer and requires that at least a minimum part of its assets be kept in relatively liquid form. Fahnestock elects to compute net capital under an alternative method of calculation permitted by the Net Capital Rule. (FOM and Freedom compute net capital under the basic formula as provided by the Net Capital Rule.) Under this alternative method, Fahnestock is required to maintain a minimum "net capital", as defined in the Net Capital Rule, at least equal to 2% of the amount of its "aggregate debit items" computed in accordance with the Formula for Determination of Reserve Requirements for Brokers and Dealers (Exhibit A to Rule 15c3-3 under the Exchange Act) or $250,000, whichever is greater. "Aggregate debit items" are assets that have as their source transactions with customers, primarily margin loans. Failure to maintain the required net capital may subject a firm to suspension or expulsion by the NYSE, the SEC and other regulatory bodies and ultimately may require its liquidation. The Net Capital Rule also prohibits payments of dividends, redemption of stock and the prepayment of subordinated indebtedness if net capital thereafter would be less than 5% of aggregate debit items (or 7% of the funds required to be segregated pursuant to the Commodity Exchange Act and the regulations thereunder, if greater) and payments in respect of principal of subordinated indebtedness if net capital thereafter would be less than 5% of aggregate debit items (or 6% of the funds required to be segregated pursuant to the Commodity Exchange Act and the regulations thereunder, if greater). The Net Capital Rule also provides that the total outstanding principal amounts of a broker- dealer's indebtedness under certain subordination agreements (the proceeds of which are included in its net capital) may not exceed 70% of the sum of the outstanding principal amounts of all subordinated indebtedness included in net capital, par or stated value of capital stock, paid in capital in excess of par, retained earnings and other capital accounts for a period in excess of 90 days. Net capital is essentially defined as net worth (assets minus liabilities), plus qualifying subordinated borrowings minus certain mandatory deductions that result from excluding assets that are not readily convertible into cash and deductions for certain operating charges. The Rule values certain other assets, such as a firm's positions in securities, conservatively. Among these deductions are adjustments (called "haircuts") in the market value of securities to reflect the possibility of a market decline prior to disposition. Compliance with the Net Capital Rule could limit those operations of the brokerage subsidiaries of the Company that require the intensive use of capital, such as underwriting and trading activities and the financing of customer account balances, and also could restrict the Company's ability to withdraw capital from its brokerage subsidiaries, which in turn could limit the Company's ability to pay dividends, repay debt and redeem or purchase shares of its outstanding capital stock. Under the Net Capital Rule broker-dealers are required to maintain certain records and provide the SEC with quarterly reports with respect to, among other things, significant movements of capital, including transfers to a holding company parent or other affiliate. The SEC may in certain circumstances restrict the Company's brokerage subsidiaries' ability to withdraw excess net capital and transfer it to the Company or to other of the Operating Subsidiaries. Item 2. PROPERTIES The Company maintains offices at 20 Eglinton Avenue West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada for general administrative activities. Most day-to-day management functions are conducted at the executive offices of Fahnestock at 125 Broad Street, New York, New York. This office also serves as the base for most of Fahnestock's research, operations and trading, investment banking and investment advisory services, though other offices also have employees who work in these areas. Generally, the offices outside of 125 Broad Street, New York serve as bases for sales representatives who process trades and provide other brokerage services in co-operation with Fahnestock's New York office using the data processing facilities located there. Freedom conducts its business from its offices located at 11422 Miracle Hills Dr., Omaha, Nebraska. FOM conducts its business from its offices located at 300 River Place, Detroit, Michigan. Management believes that its present facilities are adequate for the purposes for which they are used and have adequate capacity to provide for presently contemplated future uses. The Company and its subsidiaries own no real property, but occupy office space totaling approximately 363,000 square feet in 73 locations under standard commercial terms expiring between 1999 and 2013. If any leases are not renewed, the Company believes it could obtain comparable space elsewhere on commercially reasonable rental terms. Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS The Company is involved in certain litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. Management believes, based upon discussion with legal counsel, that the outcome of this litigation will not have a material effect on the Company's financial position. The materiality of legal matters to the Company's future operating results depends on the level of future results of operations as well as the timing and ultimate outcome of such legal matters. Item 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS The Class B voting shares (the "Class B Shares"), the Company's only class of voting securities, are not registered under the Exchange Act and are not required to be registered. The Class B Shares have fewer than 500 shareholders of record. Consequently, the Company is not required under Section 14 of the Exchange Act to furnish proxy soliciting material or an information statement to holders of the Class B Shares. However, the Company is required under applicable Canadian securities laws to provide proxy soliciting material, including a management proxy circular, to the holders of its Class B Shares. Pursuant to the Company's Articles of Incorporation, holders of Class A non-voting shares (the "Class A Shares"), although not entitled to vote thereat, are entitled to receive notices of shareholders' meetings and to receive all informational documents required by law or otherwise to be provided to holders of Class B Shares. In addition, holders of Class A Shares are entitled to attend and speak at all meetings of shareholders, except class meetings not including the Class A Shares. In the event of either a "take-over bid" or an "issuer bid", (as those terms are defined in the Securities Act, (Ontario)) being made for the Class B Shares and no corresponding offer being made to purchase Class A Shares, the holders of Class A Shares would have no right under the Articles of Incorporation of the Company or under any applicable statute to require that a similar offer be made to them to purchase their Class A Shares. No matters were submitted to the Company's shareholders during the fourth quarter of the Company's fiscal year. PART II Item 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The Company's Class A Shares are listed and traded on The New York Stock Exchange (trading symbol "FVH") and on The Toronto Stock Exchange (trading symbol "FHV.A"). The Class B Shares are not traded on any stock exchange in Canada or the United States and, as a consequence, there is only limited trading in the Class B shares. The Company does not presently contemplate listing the Class B Shares in the United States on any national or regional stock exchange or on NASDAQ. The following tables set forth the high and low sales prices of the Class A Shares on The Toronto Stock Exchange and on The New York Stock Exchange. Prices provided are in Canadian dollars or U.S. dollars as indicated and are based on data provided by The Toronto Stock Exchange and The New York Stock Exchange. Class A Shares: TSE NYSE HIGH LOW HIGH LOW (Cdn. Dollars) (U.S. dollars) 1998 1st Quarter $26.75 $23.00 $18.50 $16.6875 2nd Quarter 31.75 25.00 22.1875 17.625 3rd Quarter 29.50 20.75 19.875 13.5625 4th Quarter 27.00 20.45 17.875 13.3125 1997 1st Quarter $25.25 $19.25 $18.375 $14.00 2nd Quarter 28.60 20.75 20.875 14.75 3rd Quarter 28.75 24.00 21.00 17.625 4th Quarter 29.55 25.00 21.50 17.0625 The following table sets forth information about the Company's shareholders as at December 31, 1998 as set forth in the records of the Company's transfer agent and registrar: Class A Shares: Shareholders of record having addresses in: Number of shares Percentage Number of shareholders Canada 5,593,387 45.7% 197 United States 6,647,850 54.3% 187 Other 32 - 2 Total issued and outstanding 12,241,269 100% 386 Class B shares Shareholders of record having addresses in: Number of shares Percentage Number of shareholders Canada (1) 98,135 98.5% 125 United States 1,537 1.5% 70 Other 8 - 2 Total issued and outstanding 99,680 100% 197 (1) The Company has been informed that 50,098 Class B shares held by Phase II Financial Limited, an Ontario corporation, are beneficially owned by A.G. Lowenthal, a U.S. citizen and resident. See Item 12, "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management". Dividends Type Declaration dateRecord datePayment dateAmount per share Annual January 25,1996 February 9,1996 February 23,1996 $0.20 Quarterly April 19,1996 May 9,1996 May 23,1996 $0.05 Quarterly July 16,1996 August 9,1996 August 23,1996 $0.05 Quarterly October 17,1996 November 8,1996 November 22,1996 $0.05 Quarterly January 29,1997 February 10,1997 February 21,1997 $0.06 Quarterly April 21,1997 May 9,1997 May 23,1997 $0.06 Quarterly July 21,1997 August 8,1997 August 22,1997 $0.06 Quarterly October 20,1997 November 7,1997 November 21,1997 $0.06 Quarterly January 29,1998 February 6,1998 February 20,1998 $0.07 Quarterly April 20,1998 May 8,1998 May 22,1998 $0.07 Quarterly July 21,1998 August 7,1998 August 21,1998 $0.07 Quarterly October 20,1998 November 6,1998 November 20,1998 $0.07 Quarterly January 28,1999 February 12,1999 February 26,1999 $0.07 Future dividend policy will depend upon the earnings and financial condition of the Operating Subsidiaries, the Company's need for funds and other factors. However, it is the present intention of the Company's management to pay a quarterly dividend in the amount of U.S. $0.07 per Class A Share and Class B Share in May, August and November, 1999. Dividends may be paid to holders of Class A Shares and Class B Shares (pari passu), as and when declared by the Company's Board of Directors, from funds legally available therefor. Certain Tax Matters The following paragraphs summarize certain United States and Canadian federal income tax considerations in connection with the receipt of dividends paid on the Class A and Class B Shares of the Company. These tax considerations are stated in brief and general terms and are based on United States and Canadian law currently in effect. There are other potentially significant United States and Canadian federal income tax considerations and state, provincial or local income tax considerations with respect to ownership and disposition of the Class A and Class B Shares which are not discussed herein. The tax considerations relative to ownership and disposition of the Class A and Class B Shares may vary from taxpayer to taxpayer depending on the taxpayer's particular status. Accordingly, prospective purchasers should consult with their tax advisors regarding tax considerations which may apply to the particular situation. United States Federal Income Tax Considerations Dividends on Class A and Class B Shares paid to citizens or residents of the U.S. or to U.S. corporations (including any Canadian federal income tax withheld) will be generally subject to U.S. federal ordinary income taxation. Such dividends will not be eligible for the deduction for dividends received by corporations (unless such corporation owns by vote and value at least 10% of the stock of the Company, in which case a portion of such dividend may be eligible for such exclusion). U.S. corporations, U.S. citizens and U.S. residents will generally be entitled, subject to certain limitations, to a credit against their U.S. federal income tax for Canadian federal income taxes withheld from such dividends. Taxpayers may claim a deduction for such taxes if they do not elect to claim such tax credit. No deduction for foreign taxes may be claimed by an individual taxpayer who does not itemize deductions. Because the application of the foreign tax credit depends upon the particular circumstances of each shareholder, shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors in this regard. Under certain limited circumstances, non-resident alien and foreign corporations will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation at graduated rates from dividends or gains with respect to their Class A and Class B Shares, if such income or gain is treated as effectively connected with the conduct of the recipient's trade or business within the United States, and may be entitled to such tax credit or such deduction. Canadian Federal Income Tax Considerations Dividends paid on Class A and Class B Shares held by non-residents of Canada will generally be subject to Canadian withholding tax. This withholding tax is levied at the basic rate of 25%, although this rate may be reduced by the terms of any applicable tax treaty. The Canada - U.S. tax treaty provides that the withholding rate on dividends paid to U.S. residents on Class A and Class B Shares is generally 15%. Normal Course Issuer Bid On June 30, 1998 the Company announced that commencing July 3, 1998 it intended to purchase up to 790,000 Class A Shares by way of a Normal Course Issuer Bid through the facilities of The Toronto Stock Exchange and/or The New York Stock Exchange, representing approximately 10% of the public float of Class A Shares. For the year ended December 31, 1998, through the currently outstanding Normal Course Issuer Bid the Company purchased 398,500 Class A Shares. In addition, in fiscal 1998, through a Normal Course Issuer Bid which expired July 1, 1998, the Company purchased 17,000 Class A Shares. The average cost for all shares repurchased in fiscal 1998 was U.S. $15.14. Any shares purchased by the Company pursuant to the Normal Course Issuer Bid will be cancelled. Unless terminated earlier by the Company, it may continue to purchase shares up to July 2, 1999. The Company may, at its option, apply to extend the program for an additional year. Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The following table presents selected financial information derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company for the five years ended December 31, 1998. The selected financial information should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. In 1997, the Company purchased FOM. The 1997 amounts include the assets and liabilities and the operating results of FOM as of and subsequent to the period after July 17, 1997. See also Item 1, "Business" and Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations". Year ended December 31, 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 (In thousands of US dollars except share amounts) Revenue $232,781 $242,158 $213,988 $184,433 $157,253 Profit before extraordinary item $ 12,447 $ 26,731 $ 30,279 $ 20,899 $ 11,780 Net profit $ 12,447 $ 26,731 $ 30,279 $ 20,899 $ 11,780 Profit before extraordinary item per share(1) $0.99 $2.14 $2.46 $1.69 $0.96 Net profit per share(1) - -basic $0.99 $2.14 $2.46 $1.69 $0.96 - -diluted $0.96 $2.08 $2.41 $1.68 $0.95 Total assets $666,763 $835,146 $519,916 $623,466 $510,636 Total current liabilities $500,410 $674,181 $384,009 $516,031 $421,818 Subordinated indebtedness, including current portion $30 $30 $30 $30 $30 Cash dividends per Class A Share and Class B share $0.28 $0.24 $0.35 $0.15 $0.15 Shareholders' equity $166,323 $160,935 $135,877 $107,405 $88,788 Book value per share (1) $13.48 $12.87 $10.99 $8.92 $7.34 Number of shares of capital stock outstanding 12,340,949 12,508,440 12,365,440 12,040,090 12,094,680 (1) The Class A Shares and Class B Shares are combined because they are of equal rank for purposes of dividends and in the event of a distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up. Item 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Business Environment Fahnestock, the Company's principal operating subsidiary, provides brokerage and related investment services. Fahnestock is engaged in proprietary trading and offers other related financial services to investors in fifteen states from 46 offices in the North Eastern United States, the Midwest, Florida and California, and from two associated offices in Caracas, Venezuela and Buenos Aires, Argentina. In addition, the Company operates in Michigan from 24 retail branch offices as First of Michigan, a division of Fahnestock. First of Michigan Capital Corporation was acquired on July 17, 1997. FOM is engaged in securities brokerage and trading and investment banking. Client assets entrusted to the Company as at December 31, 1998 totalled approximately $15 billion. Fahnestock is licensed to offer brokerage and other financial services in all 50 States. The Company provides investment advisory services through Hudson Capital and through Fahnestock Asset Management and Newbold Investment Advisors, operating as divisions of Fahnestock. Funds under management by the asset management groups totalled $1.2 billion at December 31, 1998. The Company also operates a discount brokerage business based in Omaha, Nebraska, through Freedom. The securities industry is highly competitive and sensitive to many factors and is directly affected by general economic and market conditions, including the volatility and price level of securities markets; the volume, size, and timing of securities transactions; the demand for investment banking services and changes in interest rates, all of which have an impact on commissions, trading and investment income as well as on liquidity. In addition, a significant portion of the Company's expenses are relatively fixed and do not vary with market activity. Consequently, substantial fluctuations can occur in the Company's revenues and net income from period to period due to these and other factors. The Company anticipates increasing competition from commercial banks and thrift institutions as these institutions begin to offer more investment banking and financial services traditionally only provided by securities firms. The growing use of discount brokerage firms by investors has impacted traditional retail commission business and the presence of on-line trading over the internet has begun to significantly impact the means by which retail clients place their orders. The Company is also experiencing increasing regulation in the securities industry, particularly affecting the over-the-counter markets, making compliance with regulations more difficult and costly. At present, the Company is unable to predict the extent of changes that may be enacted, or the effect on the Company's business. The Company's long-term plan is to continue to expand existing offices by hiring experienced professionals, thus maximixing the potential of each office and development of existing trading, investment banking, investment advisory and other activities. Equally important is the search for viable candidates for acquisition. As opportunities are presented, it is the intention of the Company to pursue growth by acquisition where a comfortable match can be found in terms of corporate goals and personnel and at a price that would provide the Company's shareholders with value. Results of Operations The investment environment in 1998 was marked by extreme volatility. Despite a world-wide economic crisis, U.S. markets continued upward, fueled by large cash inflows. This strong market resulted in the fourth successive year of popular stock averages rising over 20% per annum while interest rates remained at low levels. The outlook for 1999 indicates slower growth in corporate earnings and in the U.S. economy generally. However, the impact of cash flow from the savings of the baby-boom generation continues to substantially impact equity markets. The impact of the internet through the ability to access instantaneous information and as a tool for trading has added investor interest and volatility to the market. The Company's revenues in fiscal 1998 decreased by 4% compared to fiscal 1997. This was the result of trading losses in NASDAQ equities in the fourth quarter of 1998. Except for these losses, the revenues of the Company would have been higher in 1998 compared to 1997. The increases in other revenue categories can be attributed to both the acquisition of FOM in July 1997 and to generally favorable business conditions. Expenses increased by approximately 8% in 1998 compared to 1997. The increase can be attributed to the fact the operations of the Company included FOM for the full year in 1998 and only part of the year in 1997. Net profit was approximately 53% lower in 1998 compared to 1997. This can be attributed to the trading losses in NASDAQ equities in the fourth quarter of 1998. The Company has taken steps to limit its financial exposure in NASDAQ market-making activities. (See Item 1 - Risk Management) The following table summarizes the changes in the major revenue and expense categories from the consolidated statement of operations for the past three fiscal years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996. Period to Period Change Increase (Decrease) 1998 versus 1997 1997 versus 1996 Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Revenues - Commissions $11,566,000 11.2% $29,331,000 39.6% Principal transactions, net (33,245,000) (50.4) (14,536,000) (18.1) Interest 1,905,000 4.7 7,142,000 21.7 Underwriting fees 1,613,000 14.6 2,370,000 27.3 Advisory fees 5,934,000 37.5 1,619,000 11.4 Other 2,850,000 48.3 2,244,000 61.5 Total revenues (9,377,000) (3.8) 28,170,000 13.2 Expenses - Compensation 10,279,000 8.6 17,726,000 17.4 Clearing and exchanges fees (484,000) (5.3) 1,856,000 25.6 Communications 3,051,000 17.1 2,877,000 19.2 Occupancy costs 2,221,000 20.1 849,000 8.3 Interest 1,670,000 8.3 3,850,000 23.6 Other (1,353,000) (7.7) 8,430,000 90.9 Total expenses 15,384,000 7.9 35,588,000 22.2 Profit before taxes (24,761,000) (53.3) (7,418,000) (13.8) Income taxes (10,477,000) (53.0) (3,870,000) (16.4) Net profit (14,284,000) (53.4) (3,548,000) (11.7)% Fiscal 1998 compared to Fiscal 1997 In fiscal 1998, there was one economic crisis after another; including the collapse of Asian markets, the meltdown in Russia, currency devaluations in Brazil and weakness in the U.S. dollar. Yet, despite the bad news, the U.S. equity markets continued to be supported by unprecedented inflows of cash and a strong U.S. economy, sending popular market averages upward by over 20% for the fourth consecutive year. Total revenues for 1998 were $232,781,000, a decrease of 4% from $242,158,000 in 1997. Commission income (income realized in securities transactions for which the Company acts as agent) increased 11% to $114,889,000 compared to $103,323,000. This increase is attributable both to the business added by the FOM acquisition in July 1997 and to favorable business conditions. Principal transactions (revenues from transactions in which the Company acts as principal in the secondary market trading of over- the-counter equities and municipal, corporate and government bonds) decreased 50% to $32,727,000 compared to $65,972,000. In the fourth quarter of 1998, the Company suffered unprecedented trading losses arising from its market-making activities in NASDAQ issues. A sharp upward surge in the internet sector after the October lows left the Company with outsized positions from which the Company sustained significant and unrecoverable losses. Risk containment policies have been put into effect which will limit the Company's future exposure to such events. Underwriting fees in 1998 were $12,655,000, an increase of 15% over $11,042,000 in 1997. The Company increased its investment banking revenues in 1998. Advisory fees were $21,742,000 in 1998, an increase of 38% over $15,808,000 in 1997. The addition of new client accounts as well as the growth in value of existing client accounts contributed to the increase. Interest income was $42,028,000 in 1998, an increase of 5% over $40,123,000 in 1997. Interest expense was $21,831,000 in 1998, an increase of 8% over $20,161,000 in 1997. The increase is attributable to higher customer debit balances with the inclusion of FOM customers for the full year in 1998 compared to approximately half of a year in 1997.Net interest income (interest revenue less interest expense) increased by 1% in 1998 compared to 1997. Expenses totaled $211,058,000 in 1998, an increase of 8% compared to $195,674,000 in 1997. A large part of the increase can be attributed to the inclusion of a full year of FOM operations in 1998 compared to approximately half of a year in 1997. The acquisition of FOM added 26 branch offices to the Fahnestock system. Compensation and related expenses were $130,064,000 in 1998, an increase of 9% over $119,785,000 in 1997. The expected increase in compensation and related expenses was partially mitigated by reduced compensation to traders as a result of the trading losses incurred in the fourth quarter of 1998. Communications expenses were $20,930,000, an increase of 17% over $17,879,000 in 1997. Occupancy costs were $13,246,000, an increase of 20% over $11,025,000 in 1997. The increases in communications and occupancy costs can primarily be attributed to the increased size of the organization after the acquisition of FOM. Clearing and exchange fees were $8,634,000, a decrease of 5% compared to $9,118,000 in 1997. Other expenses of $16,343,000 also decreased in 1998 (by 8%) compared to $17,706,000 in 1997. Certain economies of scale were introduced as the FOM and Fahnestock operations were consolidated. Fiscal 1997 compared to Fiscal 1996 In fiscal 1997, the U.S. economy remained strong with stable interest rates and record low unemployment levels. Investors continued their commitment to the equity market, sending popular market averages upward by over 20% per annum for the third successive year. In July 1997, the Company purchased FOM, and at year end had approximately 215 registered representatives in 26 branch offices to bring the total for the Company to 724 investment executives in 75 offices. Total revenues for 1997 were $242,158,000, an increase of 13% over $213,988,000 in 1996. Commission in 1997 was $103,323,000, an increase of 40% over $73,992,000 in 1996. Of this increase, 77% can be attributed to the addition of FOM's business. Principal transactions generated net revenue of $65,972,000 in 1997, a decrease of 18% compared to $80,508,000 in 1996. Market volatility and an uninterrupted and dramatic increase in equity prices created a difficult trading environment. Underwriting fees in 1997 were $11,042,000, an increase of 27% over $8,672,000 in 1996. The Company was able to increase its underwriting business in both the public finance area and the structured asset area. Advisory fees in 1997 were $15,808,000, an increase of 11% over $14,189,000 in 1996 as a result of the addition of assets under management in 1997. Interest income was $40,123,000 in 1997, an increase of 22% over $32,981,000 in 1996. Interest expense was $20,161,000 in 1997, an increase of 24% over $16,311,000 in 1996. The increase is attributable to the higher stock loan/stock borrow balances in 1997 compared to 1996 and higher customer debit balances as a result of the acquisition of FOM. Net interest revenue (interest revenue less interest expense) increased 20% in 1997 compared to 1996. Expenses totaled $195,674,000 in 1997, an increase of 22% over $160,086,000 in 1996. Approximately 90% of the increase in 1997 can be attributed to the addition of the FOM operations effective July 17, 1997 and related acquisition costs. Compensation and related expenses were $119,785,000 in 1997, an increase of 17% over $102,059,000 in 1996. Communications expenses were $17,879,000, an increase of 19% over $15,002,000 in 1996. Occupancy costs were $11,025,000 in 1997, an increase of 8% over $10,176,000 in 1996. These increases can primarily be attributed to the increased size of the organization after the acquisition of FOM. Clearing and exchange fees were $9,118,000, an increase of 26% over $7,262,000 in 1996 and includes a variable component which rises as commission income rises. Other expenses were $17,706,000, an increase of 91% over $9,276,000 in 1996. This increase is due to several factors including: professional fees incurred as a result of the acquisition of FOM and other matters, depreciation and amortization on a much larger fixed asset base after the acquisition, licensing and filing fees as a result of the acquisition, and other acquisition-related costs. Liquidity and Capital Resources The decrease in the Company's assets in 1998 compared to 1997 has been primarily the result of the loss of FOM investment executives following the acquisition of FOM in July 1997. As a result of corporate raids, a significant number of FOM investment executives and their clients left the FOM organization. The level of the Company's assets at the end of 1997 represented a significant increase over the 1996 level because of the FOM acquisition. Customer-related receivables and securities inventory are highly liquid and represent a substantial percentage of total assets. The principal sources of financing for the Company's assets are stockholders' equity, customer free credit balances, proceeds from securities lending, bank loans and other payables. The Company has not utilized long-term financing. Cash generated from operations, increased earnings, proceeds from stock purchased by employee stock plans, and cash proceeds upon the exercise of employee stock options supplemented bank borrowings during the past three years. At December 31, 1998, Fahnestock had bank lines of credit and call loan arrangements with outstanding borrowings thereunder of $42,217,000. The Company paid cash dividends to its shareholders totaling $3,531,000, during 1998, from internally-generated cash. Because of the Company's strong financial condition, size and earnings history, management believes adequate sources of credit would be available to finance higher trading volumes, branch expansion, and major capital expenditures, as needed. Inflation Because the assets of the Company's brokerage subsidiaries are highly liquid, and because securities inventories are carried at current market values, the impact of inflation generally is reflected in the financial statements. However, the rate of inflation affects the Company's costs relating to employee compensation, rent, communications and certain other operating costs, and such costs may not be recoverable in the level of commissions charged. To the extent inflation results in rising interest rates and has other adverse effects upon the securities markets, it may adversely affect the Company's financial position and results of operations. Year 2000 Disclosure The Year 2000 problem arises as the result of computer systems having been written using two digits, rather than four, to define the year during a period when data processing media put a high value on brevity of expression. Any computer, computer program, equipment or product that has date-sensitive software or embedded chips, if not corrected, could produce inaccurate or unpredictable results commencing on January 1, 2000. The Company is a broker/dealer in securities and as such relies heavily on computer technology to conduct its operations. The Company relies on both internal systems and on third party vendors. As at the date hereof, all vendors of software and hardware and all vendors of non-critical systems (elevators, vault, building security, etc.) have been contacted and inquiries about their Y2K readiness have been made. Certain non-critical systems have been determined to be non-Y2K compliant and have been or are being replaced with available Y2K-compliant systems. Approximately 95% of all vendors (100% of mission-critical vendors) have responded and have indicated that they already are or will be compliant. In terms of the Company's internal systems, all programs have been assessed for Year 2000 compliance. The majority of the compilation work has been completed and substantially all remediated systems have been internally tested on a parallel basis with current production, using live files. The remaining programs upon which modification work has not yet begun, represent less than 1% of the total number of programs running at the Company. Full testing and full Year 2000 compliance is expected to be completed by June 30, 1999. The Company is actively participating in a number of industry committees including the Security Industry Association Year 2000 Committee. The Company validated its connections to various test sites in July 1998 and will participate in various industry-wide Year 2000 tests that are scheduled to run on Saturdays beginning on March 6, 1999 (to simulate December 29, 1999) through April 17, 1999 (to simulate January 4, 2000). Files interfacing with SIAC and DTC have already been adapted and are compliant. To date there have been no material exceptions in tests that have been completed. The cost of program remediation and testing, readying the Company for Year 2000 has been estimated to be approximately $200,000 - $250,000 for fiscal 1998. This includes the costs associated with the personnel dedicated to the project. The cost of new hardware has not been included as substantially all purchases are included in the general technology upgrade being made in connection with the roll- out of new desk-top systems company-wide. It is expected that similar costs would be required in fiscal 1999. This range of costs does not include normal ongoing costs for computer hardware or software revisions that would be required in the normal course of business. All funding for the Y2K compliance effort is from available cash on hand. The Company has begun work on a comprehensive contingency plan with respect to the Y2K problem, and intends to complete this plan by April 30, 1999 as part of its ongoing Y2K compliance effort. Despite the Company's planning and preparation for Year 2000, there can be no assurance that partial or total systems interruptions will not occur and that the costs necessary to update hardware and software would not have a material adverse impact of the Company's business, financial condition, statement of operations and business prospects, although the Company believes that such results are unlikely. Factors Affecting "Forward-Looking Statements" From time to time, the Company may publish "Forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended ( the "Act"), and Section 21E of the Exchange Act or make oral statements that constitute forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements may relate to such matters as anticipated financial performance, future revenues or earnings, business prospects, projected ventures, new products, anticipated market performance, and similar matters. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements. In order to comply with the terms of the safe harbor, the Company cautions readers that a variety of factors could cause the Company's actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the Company's forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Company's control, include, but are not limited to: (i) transaction volume in the securities markets, (ii) the volatility of the securities markets, (iii) fluctuations in interest rates, (iv) changes in regulatory requirements which could affect the cost of doing business, (v) fluctuations in currency rates, (vi) general economic conditions, both domestic and international, (vii) changes in the rate of inflation and the related impact on the securities markets, (viii) competition from existing financial institutions and other new participants in the securities markets, (ix) legal developments affecting the litigation experience of the securities industry, and (x) changes in federal and state tax laws which could affect the popularity of products sold by the Company. The Company does not undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements. Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Risk Management The Company's principal business activities by their nature involve significant market and credit risks. The Company's effectiveness in managing these risks is critical to its success and stability. As part of its normal business operations, the Company engages in the trading of both fixed income and equity securities in both a proprietary and market-making capacity. The Company makes markets in over-the-counter equities in order to facilitate order flow and accommodate its institutional and retail customers. The Company also makes markets in municipal bonds, mortgage-backed securities, government bonds and high yield bonds. Market Risk Market risk generally means the risk of loss that may result from the potential change in the value of a financial instrument as a result of fluctuations in interest and currency exchange rates and in equity and commodity prices. Market risk is inherent in all types of financial instruments, including both derivatives and non-derivatives. The Company's exposure to market risk arises from its role as a financial intermediary for its customers' transactions and from its proprietary trading and arbitrage activities. (See additional discussion of Risk Management in Item 1). In addition, the Company's activities expose it to operational risk, legal risk and funding risk. Operational risk generally means the risk of loss resulting from improper processing of transactions or deficiencies in the Company's operating systems or internal controls. With respect to its trading activities, the Company has procedures designed to ensure that all transactions are accurately recorded and properly reflected on the Company's books on a timely basis. With respect to client activities, the Company operates a system of internal controls designed to ensure that transactions and other account activity (new account solicitation, transaction authorization, transaction processing, billing and collection) are properly approved, processed, recorded and reconciled. Legal risk generally includes the risk of non-compliance with legal and regulatory requirements and the risk that a counterparty's obligations are unenforceable. The Company is subject to extensive regulation in the various jurisdictions in which it conducts its business. Through its legal advisors and its compliance department, the Company has established routines to ensure compliance with regulatory capital requirements, sales and trading practices, new products, use and safekeeping of customer securities and funds, granting of credit, collection activities, and record keeping. The Company has procedures designed to assess and monitor counterparty risk. For a discussion of funding risk, see 'Liquidity and Capital Resources', above. Value-at-Risk Value-at-risk is a statistical measure of the potential loss in the fair value of a portfolio due to adverse movements in underlying risk factors. In response to the Securities and Exchange Commission's market risk disclosure requirements, the Company has performed a value-at-risk analysis of its trading financial instruments and derivatives. The value -at-risk calculation uses standard statistical techniques to measure the potential loss in fair value based upon a one-day holding period and a 95% confidence level. The calculation is based upon a variance-covariance methodology, which assumes a normal distribution of changes in portfolio value. The forecasts of variances and co-variances used to construct the model, for the market factors relevant to the portfolio, were generated from historical data. Although value-at-risk models are sophisticated tools, their use can be limited as historical data is not always an accurate predictor of future conditions. The Company attempts to manage its market exposure using other methods, including trading authorization limits and concentration limits. At December 31, 1998 and 1997, the Company's value-at-risk for each component of market risk was as follows: (000's omitted) 1998 1997 Interest rate risk $298 $120 Equity price risk 759 680 Diversification benefit (575) (313) Total $482 $487 The potential future loss presented by the total value-at-risk generally falls within predetermined levels of loss that should not be material to the Company's results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. The changes in the value-at-risk amounts reported in 1998 from those reported in 1997 reflect changes in the size and composition of the Company's trading portfolio; more particularly an increase in the size of the Company's debt portfolio and a decrease in the Company's equity portfolio at December 31, 1998 compared to December 31, 1997. Further discussion of risk management appears in Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of the Results of Operations and Item 1, Risk Management. The value-at-risk estimate has limitations that should be considered in evaluating the Company's potential future losses based on the year-end portfolio positions. Recent market conditions including increased volatility, may result in statistical relationships that result in higher value-at-risk than would be estimated from the same portfolio under different market conditions, or the converse may be true. Critical risk management strategy involves the active management of portfolio levels to reduce market risk. The Company's market risk exposure is continuously monitored as the portfolio risks and market conditions change. Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA The information required to be furnished in response to this Item is submitted hereinafter following the signature pages hereto. Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. PART III Item 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT General Directors of the Company are elected annually by the holders of the Class B Shares to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders or until their successors are appointed. Executive officers are appointed annually by the directors or until their successors are appointed. Certain information concerning the executive officers and directors of the Company as at December 31, 1998 is set forth below. Name Age Positions held John L. Bitove 70 A Director of the Company since February 1980; Retired executive. - Member of the Audit and Compensation and Stock Option Committees Richard Crystal 58 A Director of the Company since 1992; Partner, Whitman Breed Abbott & Morgan LLP (Attorneys-at-Law), US counsel to the Company since 1985. Albert G. Lowenthal 53 Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and a Director of the Company since 1985; Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Fahnestock since 1985; prior to 1985, Mr. Lowenthal was President of Cowen Securities Inc., a New York stock brokerage firm and a general partner of Cowen & Co., a New York brokerage firm. Kenneth W. McArthur 63 A Director of the Company since 1996; President and C.E.O. of Shurway Capital Corporation (a private corporation), since July 1993; Senior Vice-President Bank of Montreal Investment Counsel between January 1992 and July 1993; Senior Vice-President Nesbitt Thomson Inc. between July 1989 and January 1993. - Member of the Audit Committee A. Winn Oughtred 56 A Director of the Company since 1979; a Director of Fahnestock since 1983; Secretary of the Company since June, 1992 and prior to June, 1991; Partner, Borden & Elliot (Law firm), Canadian counsel to the Company since 1979. Elaine K. Roberts 47 President, Treasurer and a Director of the Company since 1977; Treasurer and a Director of Fahnestock since 1983. Burton Winberg 74 A Director of the Company since 1979; President of Rockport Holdings Limited (a real estate development company) since 1959. - Member of the Audit and Compensation and Stock Option Committees. Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires the Company's directors and executive officers, and persons who own more than ten percent of a registered class of the Company's equity securities, to file by specific dates with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of equity securities of the Company. Officers, directors and greater than ten percent stockholders are required by SEC regulation to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) forms that they file. The Company is required to report in this annual report on Form 10-K any failure of its directors and executive officers and greater than ten percent stockholders to file by the relevant due date any of these reports during the two preceding fiscal years. To the Company's knowledge, based solely on review of copies of such reports furnished to the Company during the two fiscal years ended December 31, 1998, all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to the Company's officers, directors and greater than ten percent stockholders were complied with. Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION General The following table sets forth total annual compensation paid or accrued by the Company to or for the account of the Company's chief executive officer and each of the four most highly paid executive officers of the Company whose total cash compensation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998 exceeded $100,000. SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE Annual Compensation Long-term Compensation # Securities Name and Principal Other under All Occupation and Annual options/ Other Year Salary Bonus Comp RSA SARS LTIP Comp A.G. Lowenthal, Chairman,CEO, and Director of the Company, Chairman, CEO, and Director of Fahnestock 1998 300,000 350,000 9,950 0 150,000 0 5,265 1997 300,000 - 11,990 0 0 908,000 6,050 1996 300,000 400,000 10,400 0 0 386,694 6,730 Robert Neuhoff, Executive Vice President of Fahnestock 1998 230,000 87,500 0 0 0 0 5,265 1997 230,000 175,000 0 0 0 0 6,050 1996 230,000 175,000 0 0 0 0 6,730 Robert Sablowsky, (1) Executive Vice President of Fahnestock 1998 200,000 210,000 200,710 0 0 0 5,265 1997 200,000 10,000 193,173 0 20,000 0 6,050 1996 41,025 2,061 8,785 0 20,000 0 0 Eric Shames Secretary of Fahnestock 1998 187,500 50,000 0 0 15,000 0 5,265 1997 150,000 75,000 0 0 0 0 6,050 1996 150,000 75,000 0 0 15,000 0 6,595 Robert Maimone Senior Vice President of Fahnestock 1998 135,000 50,000 0 0 0 0 5,265 1997 135,000 75,000 0 0 0 0 6,050 1996 135,000 75,000 0 0 25,000 0 6,730 (1) Mr. Sablowsky joined Fahnestock on October 18, 1996. OTHER ANNUAL COMPENSATION - For Mr. Lowenthal, includes Directors Fees of Cdn$10,000 per year plus Cdn$600 per meeting attended and which were converted to $US at the average rate prevailing during the year and for Mr. Sablowsky, includes commissions earned on his retail business. RSA - RESTRICTED STOCK AWARDS - The Company does not have a plan for granting restricted stock awards. LTIP PAYOUTS - See discussion under "Performance-Based Compensation Agreement" and "Stock Appreciation Agreement", described herein. LTIP payouts are paid in January following the year for which they were accrued. ALL OTHER COMPENSATION - This represents Company contributions to the 401(k) Plan. OPTION EXERCISES AND YEAR-END VALUE TABLE # of shares $ Year end value underlying of unexercised unexercised in-the-money Shares options/SARs options acquired on Value exercisable/ exercisable/ Name exercise realized unexercisable unexercisable A.G. Lowenthal 150,000 $1,852,000 150,000/150,000 $1,426,500/0 R. Neuhoff 0 0 25,000/0 $237,750/0 R. Sablowsky 0 0 0/40,000 0/$62,500 E. Shames 0 0 3,750/26,250 $26,062/78,188 R. Maimone 0 0 6,250/18,750 $43,438/130,312 Details of number of shares and value of exercisable and unexercisable options are as follows: These options are exercisable in $CDN and have been converted at the exchange rate as at December 31, 1998. # of Option Price at Value Total Name shares price Dec.31/98 per share value A.G. Lowenthal - -exercisable 150,000 $7.99 $17.50 $9.51 $1,426,500 - -unexercisable 150,000 $17.875 $17.50 n/a n/a R. Neuhoff - -exercisable 25,000 $7.99 $17.50 $9.51 $237,750 - -unexercisable 0 n/a R. Sablowsky - -exercisable 0 n/a - -unexercisable 20,000 $14.375 $17.50 $3.125 $62,500 - -unexercisable 20,000 $20.875 $17.50 n/a n/a E. Shames - -exercisable 3,750 $10.55 $17.50 $6.95 $26,062 - -unexercisable 11,250 $10.55 $17.50 $6.95 $78,188 - -unexercisable 15,000 $17.875 $17.50 n/a n/a R. Maimone - -exercisable 6,250 $10.55 $17.50 $6.95 $43,438 - -unexercisable 18,750 $10.55 $17.50 $6.95 $130,312 OPTION/SAR GRANTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998. Date of Grant Name # shares Price of Option Expiration date January 29, 1998 A.G. Lowenthal 150,000 $17.875 January 28, 2003 January 29, 1998 Eric Shames 15,000 $17.875 January 28, 2003 Pension Plan Fahnestock has no pension plans for its officers and employees other than a savings plan qualified under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, pursuant to which the Company may make an annual cash contribution based on compensation for each employee. Should participants in the plan elect to receive their employer contribution in the form of Class A Shares, the Company may make an additional contribution of Class A Shares equal in market value to 15% of the purchase price of the Class A Shares. On January 10, 1996, with respect to the 1995 fiscal year, the Company issued 113,000 Class A Shares from Treasury at Cdn.$12.24 (US$8.85) per share to the Company's 401(k) plan. On January 14, 1997, with respect to the 1996 fiscal year, the Company issued 70,000 Class A Shares from Treasury at U.S.$14.375 per share to the Company's 401(k) plan. On January 14, 1998, with respect to the 1997 fiscal year, the Company issued 42,000 Class A Shares from Treasury at U.S.$17.6875 per share to the Company's 401(k) plan. On January 14, 1999, with respect to the 1998 fiscal year, the Company issued 56,000 Class A Shares from Treasury at U.S. $15.875 per shares to the Company's 401(k) plan. FOM has a savings plan qualified under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code pursuant to which FOM makes regular defined cash contributions based on the Plan document. In addition, FOM sponsors an unfunded Supplemental Executive Retirement Program ("SERP"), which is a non-qualified plan that provides certain former officers additional retirement benefits. In addition, U.S. employees of the Company and its subsidiaries are entitled to group health benefits and group life insurance coverage pursuant to plans which do not discriminate in scope, terms, or operation in favor of officers or directors of the Company, and which are generally available to all salaried U.S. employees. Employee Stock Option Plans In 1996, the Company established its 1996 Equity Incentive Plan (the "EIP"). The 1986 Incentive Stock Option Plan (the "ISO") and the 1986 Employee Stock Option Plan (the "ESO") which were established in 1986 expired in April 1996. (The EIP, the ISO and the ESO are sometimes hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Plans".) The Plans permit the compensation and stock option committee of the board of directors of the Company to grant options to purchase Class A Shares of the Company to officers and key employees of the Company and its subsidiaries. Under an amendment to the ESO in June 1992 grants of options are made to the Company's independent directors on a formula basis. Options generally vest at the rate of 25% of the amount granted for each year held. Under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, options granted under the ISO qualify as "incentive stock options" and options granted under the ESO do not qualify. The EIP was amended in January 1997 to increase the authorized number of Class A Shares that may be subject to options to 1,850,000. The EIP was further amended on March 25, 1997 to limit the number of options granted to any senior officer of the Company in any 60 month period to 500,000 Class A Shares. The Compensation and Stock Option Committee of the board of directors of the Company administers and interprets the provisions of the Plans, except as the Plans relate to grants to independent directors which are made pursuant to a formula. The committee's responsibilities include determining (i) which employees are eligible for participation in the Plans, (ii) when to grant options under the Plans, (iii) the number of shares that may be subject to options, and (iv) the times at which options may be exercised. Performance-Based Compensation Agreement In March 1997, the Company entered into a Performance-Based Compensation Agreement (the "Comp Agreement") effective January 1, 1997 and expiring December 31, 2001 with Albert G. Lowenthal, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and Fahnestock, pursuant to the recommendation of the Company's Compensation and Stock Option Committee and the approval of the Board of Directors. The purpose of the Comp Agreement was to set the terms under which Mr. Lowenthal's 1997 non-salary compensation was to be calculated. The Comp Agreement provides for (1) a written Performance Goal, the formula for which must be established by the Committee within the first 90 days of the year and (2) a Stock Appreciation Amount equal to the amount by which the market value of the Company's Class A Shares at December 31 exceeds the base price as at December 31 of the prior year multiplied by a number of shares to be set each year by the Committee with in the first 90 days of the year. The sum of all performance awards paid under the Comp Agreement shall not exceed $5,000,000. The Performance Goal established in March 1997 resulted in $908,000 payable to Mr. Lowenthal for fiscal 1997 based on the following formula: (a) 3% of the excess of the Company's actual Return on Equity over a Base Return on Equity of 15% (based on Shareholders' Equity as at December 31, 1996), up to a 25% Return on Equity; (b) plus 4% of the excess of the Company's actual Return on Equity over a 25% Return on Equity (based on Shareholders' Equity as at December 31, 1996). The Stock Appreciation Amount was set in March 1997 at 150,000 shares and resulted in $456,000 payable to Mr. Lowenthal for fiscal 1997. Mr. Lowenthal and the Company agreed to accept the amount payable under the Performance Goal, which was less than the formula required, as the full performance-based compensation for fiscal 1997. The Performance Goal established in March 1998 resulted in nil being payable to Mr. Lowenthal for fiscal 1998. Stock Appreciation Agreement In February, 1995 Fahnestock entered into a Stock Appreciation Agreement (the "Stock Appreciation Agreement") with Albert G. Lowenthal, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and of Fahnestock, pursuant to the recommendation of the Company's Compensation Committee and the approval of the Board of Directors. The purpose of the Stock Appreciation Agreement is to provide additional compensation to Mr. Lowenthal for his past services (so as to bring Mr. Lowenthal's compensation more into line with the compensation paid to chief executive officers of comparable companies in the financial services industry) linked to the future market price of the Company's stock. Under the terms of the Stock Appreciation Agreement, Mr. Lowenthal was entitled to receive a cash award in January 1996 of U.S.$238,306, being the greater of (x) U.S.$150,000 or (y) the difference between Cdn.$9.00 and the Market Value (as defined in the Stock Appreciation Agreement) for the Company's Class A Shares on The Toronto Stock Exchange as of December 31, 1995, multiplied by 100,000. Mr. Lowenthal was entitled to additional payment of U.S.$386,694 in January 1997 based upon this formula and restricted by the proviso that the aggregate paid with respect to 1995 and 1996 not exceed U.S.$625,000. Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT (a) The following table sets forth information as of December 31, 1998 as to the only persons known to the Company which own beneficially more than 5% of the Class B Shares (the only class of voting stock of the Company). There are no outstanding rights to acquire beneficial ownership of any Class B Shares. Title of Class Identity of Person or Group Mailing Address Amount Owned Percent of Class Class B A.G. Lowenthal c/o Fahnestock & Co. Inc. 125 Broad St New York, NY 10004 50,484 (1) 50.6% O. Roberts c/o Fahnestock Viner Holdings Inc. Suite 1110, Box 2015 20 Eglinton Ave. W. Toronto, Canada M4R 1K8 44,309 (2) 44.4% ________________________________________ 1. All shares are held of record by Phase II Financial Limited, an Ontario corporation ("Phase II") wholly-owned by Mr. Lowenthal who is Chairman of the Company. 2. Mrs. Roberts, who is the mother of Elaine Roberts, President of the Company, owns 100 shares directly and 44,209 shares indirectly through Elka Estates Limited, an Ontario corporation ("Elka") which is wholly-owned by Mrs. Roberts. (b) The following table sets forth information as of December 31, 1998 as to the ownership of Class A Shares and Class B Shares, the only classes of equity securities of the Company, by persons who are directors of the Company, naming them, and as to directors and officers of the Company as a group, without naming them. Title of Class Identity of Person or Group Amount Owned Percent of Class Class A Shares A.G. Lowenthal 2,462,500 (1), (2) 20.2% E.K. Roberts 149,494 (4) 1.2% A.W. Oughtred 500 * J.L. Bitove 25,580 0.2% R. Crystal 16,750 (5) 0.1% K.W. McArthur 35,000 0.3% B. Winberg 700 * Officers and Directors as a group (7 members) 2,690,524 (1),(2),(4),(5) 21.9% Class B Shares A.G. Lowenthal 50,484 (3) 50.6% E.K. Roberts 108 0.1% A.W. Oughtred 0 J.L. Bitove 20 * R. Crystal 0 K.W. McArthur 0 B. Winberg 0 Officers and Directors as a group (7 members) 50,612 50.8% _____________________________________ (1) Mr. Lowenthal is the sole general partner of Phase II Financial L. P., a New York limited partnership, ("Phase II L.P.") which is the record holder of 2,150,900 Class A Shares. Mr. Lowenthal holds 10,250 Class A Shares through the Company's 401(k) plan and 151,350 Class A Shares directly. (2) 150,000 Class A Shares are beneficially owned in respect of Class A Shares currently issuable upon exercise of options issued under the Company's ISO and ESO. (3) Phase II, an Ontario corporation wholly-owned by Mr. Lowenthal, is the holder of record of all such shares. (4) 75,000 Class A Shares are beneficially owned in respect of Class A Shares currently issuable upon exercise of options issued under the Company's ESO. (5) 16,250 Class A Shares are beneficially owned in respect of Class A Shares currently issuable upon exercise of options issued under the Company's ESO. * less than 1% (c) There are no arrangements, known to the Company, the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change of control of the Company. Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS None of the directors or officers of the Company or any associate of any such director or officer was indebted to the Company or its subsidiaries at any time during the last three years except as follows: During the last three years Albert G. Lowenthal and Phase II L.P. have maintained margin accounts with Fahnestock. Such margin accounts are substantially on the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing from time to time for comparable transactions with non-affiliated persons and do not involve more than the normal risk of collectability. The maximum amount of borrowings outstanding during 1998 was $266,000 (nil and $178,000 in 1997 and 1996, respectively). Mr. Robert Neuhoff also maintains a margin account with Fahnestock. The maximum borrowings outstanding during 1998 was $984,000 ($876,000 and $427,000 in 1997 and 1996, respectively). PART IV Item 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K. (a) (i)Financial Statements The response to this portion of Item 14 is submitted as a separate section of this report. See pages F-1 to F-15 (ii)Financial Statement Schedules Not Applicable (iii)Listing of Exhibits The exhibits which are filed with this Form 10-K or are incorporated herein by reference are set forth in the Exhibit Index which immediately precedes the exhibits to this report. (b) Reports on Form 8-K The Company filed a Form 8-K on December 11, 1998. The Company issued an earnings alert as a result of trading losses sustained in October and November 1998. (c) Exhibits See the Exhibit Index included hereinafter. SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New York, State of New York, on the ? day of March, 1999. FAHNESTOCK VINER HOLDINGS INC. BY:/s/E.K. Roberts E.K. Roberts, President Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date /s/J.L. Bitove Director March 26, 1999 J.L. Bitove /s/R. Crystal Director March 26, 1999 R. Crystal /s/A.G. Lowenthal Chairman, Chief Executive March 26, 1999 A.G. Lowenthal Officer, Director /s/K.W. McArthur Director March 26, 1999 K.W. McArthur /s/A.W. Oughtred Secretary, Director March 26, 1999 A.W. Oughtred /s/E.K. Roberts President, Treasurer, March 26, 1999 E.K. Roberts Chief Financial Officer, Director /s/ B. Winberg Director March 26, 1999 B. Winberg INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FAHNESTOCK VINER HOLDINGS INC. Management's Responsibility for Consolidated Financial Statements F-1 Report of Independent Accountants F-2 Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 1998 and 1997 F-3 Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 F-4 Consolidated Statement of Retained Earnings for the three years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 F-5 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the three years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 F-6 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-7 MANAGEMENT'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Fahnestock Viner Holdings Inc. were prepared by management in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, which conform in all material respects with accounting principles generally accepted in Canada. The significant accounting policies of the Company are described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements. Management is responsible for the integrity and objectivity of the information contained in the consolidated financial statements. In order to present fairly the financial position of the Company and the results of its operations and the changes in its financial position, estimates which are necessary are based on careful judgements and have been properly reflected in the consolidated financial statements. Management has established systems of internal control which are designed to provide reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded from loss or unauthorized use and to produce reliable accounting records for the preparation of financial information. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the Company's independent auditors, conduct an audit of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Their audit includes a review and evaluation of the Company's systems of internal control, and such tests and procedures as they consider necessary in order to form an opinion as to whether the consolidated financial statements are presented fairly in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The Board of Directors is responsible for ensuring that management fulfils its responsibilities for financial reporting and internal control. The Board of Directors is assisted in this responsibility by its Audit Committee, a majority of whose members are not officers of the Company. The Audit Committee meets with management as well as with the independent auditors to review the internal controls, consolidated financial statements, and the auditors' report. The Audit Committee reports its findings to the Board of Directors for its consideration in approving the consolidated financial statements for issuance to the shareholders. Management recognizes its responsibility for conducting the Company's affairs in compliance with established financial standards, and applicable laws and regulations, and for maintaining proper standards of conduct for its activities. /s/A.G. Lowenthal /s/E.K. Roberts A.G. Lowenthal E.K. Roberts Chairman of the Board President and Treasurer and Chief Executive Officer February 26, 1999 F-1 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF FAHNESTOCK VINER HOLDINGS INC. In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheet and the related consolidated statements of operations, retained earnings, and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Fahnestock Viner Holdings Inc. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 1998 and 1997, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years ended December 31, 1998 in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit of these statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free from misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed above. /s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP New York, New York February 26, 1999. F-2 FAHNESTOCK VINER HOLDINGS INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET AS AT DECEMBER 31, 1998 1997 Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars ASSETS Current assets Cash and short-term deposits $11,501 $10,784 Restricted deposits (note 2) 2,312 1,537 Securities purchased under agreement to resell 12,174 - Deposits with clearing organizations 7,072 4,734 Receivable from brokers and clearing organizations (note 1) 167,018 359,205 Receivable from customers 334,664 350,807 Securities owned, at market value (notes 3 and 5) 88,579 63,262 Demand notes receivable 30 30 Other 26,912 27,945 650,262 818,304 Other assets Stock exchange seats (approximate market value $4798; $5,592 in 1997) 1,507 1,542 Fixed assets, net of accumulated depreciation of $8,896; $6,490 in 1997 9,286 9,128 Goodwill, at amortized cost 5,708 6,172 16,500 16,842 $666,763 $835,146 LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities Drafts payable $22,734 $18,507 Bank call loans (note 5) 42,217 23,755 Securities sold under agreement to repurchase 664 - Payable to brokers and clearing organizations (note 1) 235,029 422,173 Payable to customers 115,878 117,033 Securities sold, but not yet purchased, at market value (note 3) 41,104 31,090 Accounts payable and other liabilities 40,119 45,571 Income taxes payable 2,665 16,052 Subordinated loans payable (note 4) 30 30 500,440 674,211 Commitments and contingencies (note 10) Shareholders' equity Share capital (note 6) 12,241,269 Class A non-voting shares (1997 - 12,408,760 shares) 36,392 40,783 99,680 Class B voting shares 133 133 36,525 40,916 Contributed capital (note 7) 2,196 1,333 Retained earnings 127,602 118,686 166,323 160,935 $666,763 $835,146 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-3 FAHNESTOCK VINER HOLDINGS INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998 1997 1996 Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts REVENUE: Commissions $114,889 $103,323 $73,992 Principal transactions, net 32,727 65,972 80,508 Interest 42,028 40,123 32,981 Underwriting fees 12,655 11,042 8,672 Advisory fees 21,742 15,808 14,189 Other 8,740 5,890 3,646 232,781 242,158 213,988 EXPENSES: Compensation and related expenses 130,064 119,785 102,059 Clearing and exchange fees 8,634 9,118 7,262 Communications 20,930 17,879 15,002 Occupancy costs 13,246 11,025 10,176 Interest 21,831 20,161 16,311 Other 16,353 17,706 9,276 211,058 195,674 160,086 Profit before income taxes 21,723 46,484 53,902 Income tax provision (note 8) 9,276 19,753 23,623 NET PROFIT FOR YEAR $12,447 $26,731 $30,279 Profit per share (note 9) - basic $0.99 $2.14 $2.46 - diluted $0.96 $2.08 $2.41 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-4 FAHNESTOCK VINER HOLDINGS INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF RETAINED EARNINGS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998 1997 1996 Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars Retained earnings, beginning of the year $118,686 $94,957 $68,974 Net profit for the year 12,447 26,731 30,279 Dividends (3,531) (3,002) (4,296) Retained earnings, end of the year $127,602 $118,686 $94,957 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-5 FAHNESTOCK VINER HOLDINGS INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998 1997 1996 Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars Cash flows from operating activities: Net profit for the year $12,447 $26,731 $30,279 Adjustments to reconcile net profit to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: Non-cash items included in net profit: Depreciation and amortization 2,905 1,357 955 Decrease (increase) in operating assets, net of effects of acquisition of First of Michigan Capital Corporation: Restricted deposits (775) 365 (660) Securities purchased under agreement to resell (12,174) - - Deposits with clearing organizations (2,338) (1,033) (35) Receivable from brokers and clearing organizations 192,187 (165,787) 117,067 Receivable from customers 16,143 556 (12,958) Securities owned (25,317) (17,693) (4,742) Other assets 1,033 (13,919) 4,574 Increase (decrease) in operating liabilities net of effects of acquisition of First of Michigan Capital Corporation: Drafts payable 4,227 6,069 (4,382) Securities sold under agreement to repurchase 664 - - Payable to brokers and clearing organizations (187,144) 226,095 (125,878 Payable to customers (1,155) 5,055 12,386 Securities sold, but not yet purchased 10,014 (2,024) 6,816 Accounts payable and other liabilities (5,452) 3,010 5,739 Income taxes payable (13,387) 3,708 2,697 Cash (used in) provided by operating activities (8,122) 72,490 31,858 Cash flows from investing activities: Purchase of First of Michigan Capital Corporation, net of cash acquired (note 12) - (34,340) - Proceeds from sale of exchange seat - 1,358 - Purchase of fixed assets (2,564) (5,152) (995) Cash (used in) investing activities (2,564) (38,134) (995) Cash flows from financing activities: Cash dividends paid on Class A non-voting and Class B shares (3,531) (3,002) (4,296) Issuance of Class A non-voting shares 1,899 1,577 2,175 Repurchase of Class A non-voting shares for cancellation (6,290) (482) - Tax benefit from employee options exercised 863 234 314 Increase (decrease) in bank call loans 18,462 (31,262) (29,400) Cash provided by (used in) financing activities 11,403 (32,935) (31,207) Net increase (decrease) in cash and short-term deposits 717 1,421 (344) Cash and short-term deposits, beginning of year 10,784 9,363 9,707 Cash and short-term deposits, end of year $11,501 $10,784 $9,363 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-6 FAHNESTOCK VINER HOLDINGS INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Expressed in U.S. dollars) December 31, 1998 GENERAL Fahnestock Viner Holdings Inc. (the "Company") is incorporated under the laws of Ontario. The Company's principal subsidiaries, Fahnestock & Co. Inc. ("Fahnestock") and First of Michigan Corporation ("FOM"), are members of the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange and several other regional exchanges in the United States. 1. Summary of significant accounting policies These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for the purpose of inclusion in the annual report on Form 10-K. In all material respects, they conform with accounting principles generally accepted in Canada which have been used to prepare the consolidated financial statements for purposes of inclusion in the annual report to shareholders, except the calculation of earnings per share. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates are related to income taxes and contingencies. Actual results could be materially different from these estimates. Since operations are predominantly based in the United States, these consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars. The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements: (a) Basis of consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all subsidiaries. The major subsidiaries, wholly- owned and operated in the U.S., are as follows: Fahnestock & Co. Inc. - broker/dealer in securities Freedom Investments, Inc. - discount broker in securities Hudson Capital Advisors, Inc. - investment advisory services First of Michigan Corporation - broker/dealer in securities (until December 31, 1998) Significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. (b) Brokerage operations Transactions in proprietary securities and related revenues and expenses are recorded on a trade date basis. Customers' securities and commodities transactions are reported on a settlement date basis which is generally three business days. Related commission income and expense is recorded on a trade date basis. Securities owned and securities sold but not yet purchased are reported at market value generally based upon quoted prices. Realized and unrealized changes in market value are recognized in net trading revenues in the year in which the change occurs. Other financial instruments are carried at fair value or amounts that approximate fair value. F-7 (c) Cash and cash equivalents The Company defines cash equivalents as highly liquid investments with original maturities of less than 90 days that are not held for sale in the ordinary course of business. (d) Drafts payable Drafts payable represent amounts drawn by the Company against a bank. (e) Goodwill Goodwill, acquired upon the acquisition of Fahnestock, Fahnestock International Inc. and First of Michigan Capital Corporation, is being amortized to operations on a straight-line basis over twenty years. Negative goodwill arising as a result of the acquisition of Hopper Soliday Corporation and subsidiaries and Reich & Co., Inc. is being amortized to operations on a straight-line basis over twenty years. (f) Fixed assets Fixed assets and stock exchange seats are stated at cost. Depreciation of furniture and fixtures is provided on the straight-line method generally over five to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the life of the asset or the life of the lease. (g) Foreign currency translations Canadian currency balances have been translated into U.S. dollars as follows: monetary assets and liabilities at exchange rates prevailing at year end; revenue and expenses at average rates for the year; and non-monetary assets and share capital at historic rates. (h) Income taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes". Deferred income tax assets and liabilities arise from "temporary differences" between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its reported amount in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax balances are determined by applying the enacted tax rates. (i)Securities lending activities Securities borrowed and securities loaned are carried at the amounts of cash collateral advanced or received. Securities borrowed transactions require the Company to deposit cash, letters of credit, or other collateral with the lender. The Company receives cash or collateral in an amount generally in excess of the market value of securities loaned. The Company monitors the market value of securities borrowed and loaned on a daily basis and may require counterparties to deposit additional collateral or return collateral pledged when appropriate. Included in receivable from brokers and clearing organizations are deposits paid for securities borrowed of $138,279,000 (1997- $299,938,000). Included in payable to brokers and clearing organizations are deposits received for securities loaned of $226,763,000 (1997-$411,089,000). F-8 (j) Resale and repurchase agreements Transactions involving purchases of securities under agreements to resell ("reverse repurchase agreements") or sales of securities under agreements to repurchase ("repurchase agreements") are treated as collateralized financing transactions and recorded at their contractual resale or repurchase amounts plus accrued interest. The Company obtains possession of collateral with a market value equal to or in excess of the principal amount loaned under reverse repurchase agreements. Collateral is valued daily, and adjusted when appropriate. (k) Segment Reporting In 1998 the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information. FAS 131 supercedes FAS 14, Financial Reporting for Segments of a Business Enterprise, replacing the "industry segment" approach with the "management approach". The management approach designates the internal organization that is used by management for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the source of the Company's reportable segments. FAS 131 also requires disclosures about products and services, geographic areas, and major customers. The adoption of FAS 131 did not affect results of operations or financial position but did affect the disclosure of segment information. (See Note 16). 2. Restricted deposits Deposits of $2,312,000 (1997-$1,537,000) were held at year end in a special reserve bank account for the exclusive benefit of customers in accordance with regulatory requirements. To the extent permitted, these deposits are invested in interest bearing accounts collateralized by qualified securities. 3. Securities owned and sold, but not yet purchased (at market value) 1998 1997 Securities owned consist of: Corporate equities $26,580,000 $28,309,000 Corporate debt 18,905,000 13,264,000 U.S. government and agency and state and municipal government obligations 26,098,000 10,029,000 Options 138,000 - Money market funds 16,858,000 11,660,000 $88,579,000 $63,262,000 Securities sold, but not yet purchased consist of: Corporate equities $21,129,000 $26,706,000 Corporate debt 4,376,000 3,266,000 U.S. government and agency and state and municipal government obligations 15,599,000 1,118,000 $41,104,000 $31,090,000 F-9 4. Subordinated loans payable 1998 1997 Due in 1999 at 5.5% $30,000 $30,000 5. Bank call loans Bank call loans, primarily payable on demand, bear interest at various rates but not exceeding the broker call rate, which was 6.375% at December 31, 1998. These loans, collateralized by firm and customer securities with market values of approximately $63,916,000 and $40,935,000, respectively, are primarily with one money center bank. Details of the bank call loans are as follows: December 31, 1998 1997 1996 Year-end balance $42,217,000 $23,755,000 $11,800,000 Weighted interest rate (at end of year) 6.03% 6.31% 6.34% Maximum balance (at any month end) $56,432,000 $45,650,000 $23,150,000 Average amount outstanding (during the year) (1) $27,246,000 $23,779,000 $10,867,000 Weighted average interest rate (during the year) (2) 4.30% 4.16% 5.97% (1) The average amount outstanding during the year was computed by adding amounts outstanding at the end of each month and dividing by twelve. (2) The weighted average interest rate during the year was computed by dividing the actual interest expense by the average bank call loans outstanding at the end of each month. Aggregate interest paid by the Company on a cash basis during the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997, and 1996 was $16,643,000, $21,449,000 and $17,721,000, respectively. 6. Share capital The Company's authorized share capital consists of (a) an unlimited number of first preference shares issuable in series; (b) an unlimited number of Class A non-voting shares; and (c) 99,680 Class B voting shares. The Class A non-voting and the Class B voting shares are equal in all respects except that the Class A non-voting shares are non-voting. All of the above-referenced classes of shares are without par value. The Company's issued and outstanding share capital is as follows (no first preference shares have been issued): 1998 1997 1996 12,241,269 (12,408,760 in 1997 and 12,265,760 in 1996) Class A non-voting shares $36,392,000 $40,783,000 $39,688,000 99,680 Class B voting shares 133,000 133,000 133,000 $36,525,000 $40,916,000 $39,821,000 F-10 The Company has outstanding options with certain employees to purchase a total of 1,266,110 Class A non-voting shares as follows: Date of GrantNumber of SharesOption PriceExpiration Date January 28, 1994 100,000 Cdn. $12.50 February 28, 1999 March 1, 1994 250,000 Cdn. $12.25 February 28, 1999 June 6, 1994 55,000 Cdn. $9.00 June 5, 1999 January 2, 1996 20,000 Cdn. $12.625 January 1, 2001 May 29, 1996 137,750 Cdn. $15.70 May 28, 2001 July 16, 1996 112,500 Cdn. $15.75 July 15, 2001 December 16, 1996 1,000 U.S. $14.375 December 15, 2001 December 31, 1996 5,000 Cdn. $19.80 December 31, 2001 January 7, 1997 78,820 U.S. $14.50 January 6, 2002 February 26, 1997 75,000 Cdn. $23.90 February 26, 2002 October 20, 1997 20,000 U.S. $20.875 October 19, 2002 December 23, 1997 5,000 U.S. $17.75 December 22, 2002 January 8, 1998 144,540 U.S. $18.00 January 7, 2003 January 29, 1998 185,000 U.S. $17.875 January 28, 2003 April 21, 1998 45,500 U.S. $21.50 April 20, 2003 October 20, 1998 11,000 U.S. $14.25 October 19, 2003 During 1998, options to purchase 206,000 Class A non-voting shares (100,000 in 1997 and 212,350 in 1996) were exercised for cash totaling $1,156,000 ($571,000 in 1997 and $1,175,000 in 1996). The number of options vested at December 31, 1998 was 376,500 (335,000 in 1997 and 223,750 in 1996). The authorized number of Class A non-voting shares that may be made subject to options under the Company's employee stock option plans is 2,100,000. The Company issued Class A non-voting shares from Treasury to the Company's 401(k) plan as follows: Issue price Total Year Number of shares Date of issue per share consideration paid 1996 70,000 January 14, 1997 $14.375 $1,006,000 1997 42,000 January 14, 1998 $17.6875 $743,000 1998 56,000 January 12, 1999 $17.875 $889,000 In 1998, the Company paid cash dividends to holders of Class A non-voting and Class B shares as follows (U.S. $0.24 in 1997): Dividend per share Record Date Payment Date US$0.07 February 6, 1998 February 20, 1998 US$0.07 May 8, 1998 May 22, 1998 US$0.07 August 7, 1998 August 21, 1998 US$0.07 November 6, 1998 November 20, 1998 F-11 The Company may purchase up to 790,000 Class A non-voting shares by way of a Normal Course Issuer Bid through the facilities of The Toronto Stock Exchange and/or the New York Stock Exchange. During the year ended December 31, 1998, the Company purchased 17,000 Class A non-voting shares for a total consideration of $299,000 under a Normal Course Issuer Bid which expired on July 1, 1998 and 398,500 Class A non-voting shares for a total consideration of $5,991,000 under the currently effective Normal Course Issuer Bid (27,000 shares for $482,000 in 1997 and nil in 1996). Unless terminated earlier by the Company, it may continue to purchase shares up to July 2, 1999. 7. Contributed capital Contributed capital represents the tax benefit on the difference between market price and exercise price on employee stock options exercised. 8. Income taxes The income tax provision shown in the consolidated statement of operations is reconciled to amounts of tax that would have been payable (recoverable) from the application of combined federal, state, provincial and local tax rates to pre-tax profit as follows: 1998 1997 1996 Profit before income tax $21,723,000 $46,484,000 $53,902,000 U.S. federal tax at 35% $ 7,589,000 $16,289,000 $18,876,000 Canadian tax at 44% 17,000 (25,000) (13,000) Combined state and local tax 2,877,000 6,558,000 7,378,000 Income taxes before under-noted 10,483,000 22,822,000 26,241,000 Tax effect of non-taxable interest and dividends (244,000) (88,000) (271,000) Tax effect of deductible state and local taxes and other differences between accounting and taxable income (963,000) (2,981,000) (2,347,000) Income taxes $9,276,000 $19,753,000 $23,623,000 Profit before income tax provision Canadian operations $ 39,000 $ (56,000) $ (29,000) U.S. operations $21,684,000 $46,540,000 $53,931,000 The current U.S. income tax provision in 1998 is $9,276,000 ($19,753,000 in 1997 and $23,623,000 in 1996). The current Canadian income tax provision in 1998 is $39,000 (nil in 1997 and 1996). Aggregate deferred tax assets, which relate primarily to fixed assets and non-deductible expenses, are included in other assets and amounted to approximately $1,445,000. On a cash basis, the Company paid income taxes for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 in the amounts of $21,170,000, $15,588,000 and $19,467,000, respectively. F-12 9. Profit per share 1998 1997 1996 Basic weighted average number of shares outstanding 12,575,905 12,494,054 12,296,197 Net effect, treasury stock method 365,412 383,887 287,039 Diluted common shares 12,941,317 12,877,941 12,583,236 Net profit $12,447,000 $26,731,000 $30,279,000 Basic profit per share $0.99 $2.14 $2.46 Diluted profit per share $0.96 $2.08 $2.41 Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.128 - Earnings Per Share ("FAS 128") requires a change in the method of calculation for both primary and fully-diluted earnings per share for periods ended after December 15, 1997. Earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 have been restated to comply with FAS 128. FASB Statement No.123 "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" ("SFAS 123") was issued in 1995, and if fully adopted, changes the method for recognition of cost on stock compensation plans similar to those of the Company. Adoption of SFAS 123's fair value recognition method is optional. The Company has chosen to continue to apply Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and related interpretations in accounting for its stock compensation plans. The unaudited proforma results if compensation expense for the Company's 1998 grants for stock compensation had been determined in accordance with SFAS 123 are as follows: December 31, 1998 December 31, 1997 December 31, 1996 As As As Reported Proforma Reported Proforma Reported Proforma (000s omitted) Net profit $12,447 $11,857 $26,731 $26,406 $30,279 $30,117 Basic profit per share $0.99 $0.94 $2.14 $2.11 $2.46 $2.45 Diluted profit per share $0.96 $0.92 $2.08 $2.05 $2.41 $2.39 For purposes of the proforma presentation, the Company determined fair value using an option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions for grants in 1998: risk-free interest rates ranging from 4.02% to 5.63% (5.68% to 6.37% in 1997 and 5.41% to 6.66% in 1996), expected dividend yield of 1.4%, expected life of 5 years and expected volatility ranging from 24% to 30% (28% to 33% in 1997 and 25% in 1996). The weighted average fair value of options granted during 1998 was $1,747,000 ($1,054,000 in 1997 and $958,000 in 1996). The fair value is being amortized over five years on an after-tax basis, where applicable for purposes of proforma presentation. Stock options generally expire five years after the date of grant or three months after the date of retirement, if earlier. Stock options generally vest over a five year period with 0% in year one, 25% of the shares becoming exercisable on each of the next three anniversaries of the grant date and the balance vesting in the last six months of the option life. The vesting period is at the discretion of the Compensation and Stock Option Committee and is determined at the time of grant. F-13 The effects of applying SFAS 123 in this proforma presentation are not indicative of future amounts because it does not take into consideration future grants, any difference between actual and assumed forfeitures, and only reflects grants subsequent to December 15, 1994. 10. Commitments and contingencies (a) The Company and its subsidiaries are obligated under lease agreements expiring at various dates through 2013 to pay the following future minimum rentals: 1999 $6,386,000 2000 5,727,000 2001 4,998,000 2002 4,068,000 2003 and thereafter 25,016,000 Total $46,195,000 Certain of the leases contain provisions for rent escalation based on increases in costs incurred by the lessor. (b) The Company's rent expense for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 was $8,226,000, $6,689,000 and $5,566,000, respectively. (c) The Company, through its subsidiaries, maintains contribution based retirement plans covering substantially all full-time U.S. employees. The Fahnestock plan provides that the Company may make discretionary contributions. The FOM plan contributions are made in accordance with the terms of the Plan document. FOM also sponsors an unfunded Supplemental Executive Retirement Program ("SERP"), which is a non-qualified plan that provides certain former officers additional retirement benefits. Benefits payable under the SERP were approximately $2,450,000 at December 31, 1998. The Company made contributions to the plans of $2,344,000, $2,207,000 and $1,922,000 in 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. (d) At December 31, 1998, the Company has collateralized and uncollateralized letters of credit for $47,000,000. Collateral for these letters of credit include marketable securities of approximately $53,000,000, pledged to two financial institutions. No amounts have been drawn on the letters of credit at December 31, 1998. (e) The Company is involved in certain litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. Management believes, based upon discussion with legal counsel, that the outcome of this litigation will not have a material effect on the Company's financial position. The materiality of legal matters to the Company's future operating results depends on the level of future results of operations as well as the timing and ultimate outcome of such legal matters. (f) The Company's principal subsidiaries, Fahnestock and FOM , are subject to the uniform net capital requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") under Rule 15c3-1 (the "Rule"). Fahnestock computes its net capital requirements under the alternative method provided for in the Rule which requires that Fahnestock maintain net capital equal to two percent of aggregate customer related debit items, as defined in SEC Rule 15c3-3. At December 31, 1998, Fahnestock had net capital of $97,958,000 which was $89,925,000 in excess of the $8,033,000 required to be maintained at that date. FOM computes its net capital under the basic formula as provided by the Rule. At December 31, 1998, FOM had net capital of $9,969,000 which was $9,719,000 in excess of the $250,000 required to be maintained at that date. F-14 11. Comparative figures Certain 1996 figures have been reclassified in order to conform with the financial statement presentation adopted for 1997. 12. Acquisitions On July 17, 1997, a subsidiary of the Company acquired approximately 99.4% of the outstanding common stock of First of Michigan Capital Corporation by way of a tender offer for cash consideration. On July 31, 1997, the Company acquired the remaining outstanding shares. The total purchase price was $37,609,000. The acquisition was accounted for by the purchase method as follows: Cash $3,269,000 Receivable from brokers and others, net 69,885,000 Fixed assets 3,140,000 Assets subsequently sold 264,000 Other assets 11,713,000 88,271,000 Deduct: Loans and notes payable (43,217,000) Other liabilities (12,990,000) Fair value of assets acquired 32,064,000 Purchase price paid 37,609,000 Excess of cost over fair value allocated to goodwill $5,545,000 13. Financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk and concentration of credit risk In the normal course of business, the Company's securities activities involve execution, settlement and financing of various securities transactions for customers. These activities may expose the Company to risk in the event customers, other brokers and dealers, banks, depositories or clearing organizations are unable to fulfill their contractual obligations. The Company is exposed to off-balance sheet risk of loss on unsettled transactions in the event customers and other counterparties are unable to fulfill their contractual obligations. It is the Company's policy to review, as necessary, the credit standing of each counterparty with which it conducts business. Securities sold, but not yet purchased represent obligations of the Company to deliver the specified security at the contracted price and thereby create a liability to repurchase the security in the market at prevailing prices. Accordingly, these transactions result in off- balance-sheet risk, as the Company's ultimate obligation to satisfy the sale of securities sold, but not yet purchased may exceed the amount recognized on the balance sheet. Securities positions are monitored on a daily basis to minimize the risk of loss. The Company's customer financing and securities lending activities require the Company to pledge customer securities as collateral for various financing sources such as bank loans and securities lending. At December 31, 1998, approximately $104,211,000 of customer securities are pledged as collateral for securities lending activities. Included in receivable from brokers and clearing organizations are receivables from five major broker-dealers totaling $70,171,000. F-15 The Company monitors the market value of collateral held and the market value of securities receivable from others. It is the Company's policy to request and obtain additional collateral when exposure to loss exists. In the event the counterparty is unable to meet its contractual obligation to return the securities, the Company may be exposed to off-balance sheet risk of acquiring securities at prevailing market prices. As part of its trading strategy, the Company uses derivative financial instruments. Principal transactions revenue, including derivatives, for the year ended December 31, 1998 included revenue from trading equities of $14,617,000 ($53,828,000 in 1997) and revenue from trading fixed income securities of $18,110,000 ($12,144,000 in 1997). Futures contracts, comprised mainly of stock index futures, represent commitments to purchase or sell securities at a future date and at a specified price. Credit risk and market risk exist with respect to these instruments. Credit risk associated with the contracts is limited to amounts recorded in the balance sheet. Notional or contractual amounts are used to express the volume of these transactions, and do not represent the amounts potentially subject to market risk. At December 31, 1998, the Company had open contracts to sell stock index futures contracts with notional values of approximately $18,682,000 ($19,582,000 in 1997). The fair value of these derivative financial instruments included in brokers and clearing organizations at December 31, 1998 was approximately $1,012,000 ($71,125 in 1997), and the monthly average fair values of the instruments during the year were assets of $738,000 and liabilities of $265,000 (assets of $133,000 and liabilities of $379,000 in 1997). Cash is deposited to satisfy initial margin requirements for open futures contracts and is included in receivable from brokers and clearing organizations with any gain or loss from the unsettled futures transactions. At December 31, 1998 the Company had outstanding commitments to buy and sell of $2,280,000 and $5,000,000, respectively, of mortgage-backed securities on a when issued basis. These commitments have off-balance sheet risks similar to those described above. 14. Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards The Company has adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 125, "Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities" and No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information". New accounting standards issued but not effective would not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements. 15. Related Party Transactions The Company has retention notes and accounts receivable for employees, net, of approximately $3,447,000 at December 31, 1998. These amounts will be forgiven over a three year period from the initial date of the loan and are contingent on their continued employment with the Company. The unamortized potion of the notes become due on demand in the event the employee departs during the three year period. F-16 16. Segment Information The Company has determined that its reportable segments are those that are based on the Company's method of internal reporting, which disaggregates its retail business by branch and its proprietary and investment banking businesses by product. The Company's segments are: Retail Branches which includes all business generated by the Company's 73 branches, including commission and fee income earned on client transactions; Capital Markets which includes market-making activities in over-the-counter equities, institutional trading in both fixed income and equities, structured assets transactions, bond trading, trading in mortgage-backed securities, corporate underwriting activities, public finance activities, and syndicate participation; Interest which is derived from client margin accounts, stock loan activities and financing activities; and Asset Management which includes fees from money market funds and the investment management services of Hudson Capital and Fahnestock's asset management divisions employing various programs to professionally manage client assets either in individual accounts or in funds. The Company evaluates the performance of its segments and allocates resources to them based upon profitability. The table below presents information about the reported operating income of the Company for the year ended December 31, 1998. The Company's business is predominantly in the U.S. Asset information by reportable segment is not reported, since the Company does not produce such information for internal use. Year ended December 31,199819971996 Revenue: Retail Branches $138,862,000 $116,173,000 $96,199,000 Capital Markets 38,153,000 74,728,000 73,765,000 Asset Management 11,740,000 10,031,000 11,535,000 Interest 38,810,000 38,917,000 31,414,000 Other 5,216,000 2,309,000 1,075,000 Total $232,781,000 $242,158,000 $213,988,000 Operating Income: Retail Branches $3,579,000 $1,712,000 $972,000 Capital Markets (5,530,000) 19,425,000 27,734,000 Asset Management 7,361,000 6,282,000 4,971,000 Interest 17,078,000 16,552,000 13,942,000 Other (765,000) 2,513,000 6,283,000 Total $21,723,000 $46,484,000 $53,902,000 16. Subsequent event On January 1, 1999, Fahnestock purchased the operating assets of FOM at carrying value and hired all of its personnel. FOM is now operating as a division of Fahnestock. On January 28, 1999, a cash dividend of U.S.$0.07 per share (totaling $893,000) was declared payable on February 26, 1999 to holders of Class A non-voting and Class B shares of record on February 12, 1999. F-17 EXHIBIT INDEX Unless designated by an asterisk indicating that such document has been filed herewith, the Exhibits listed below have been heretofore filed by the Company pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and are hereby incorporated herein by reference to the pertinent prior filing. Number/ Description/ Page 3 (a) Articles of Incorporation, as amended, of Fahnestock Viner Holdings Inc. (previously filed as exhibits to Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1986 and 1988). 3(b) By-Laws, as amended, of Fahnestock Viner Holdings Inc. (previously filed as an exhibit to Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1987). 10(b) Supplemental Legend to 1986 Incentive Stock Option Plan (previously filed as an exhibit to the registrant's registration statement on Form S-8 (file no. 33-38134) 10(c) Supplemental Legend to 1986 Employee Stock Option Plan (previously filed as an exhibit to the registrant's registration statement on Form S-8 (file no. 33-38134) 10(d) Fahnestock Viner Holdings Inc. 1986 Incentive Stock Option Plan , Amended and Restated as at April 26, 1991 (previously filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1992) 10(e) Fahnestock Viner Holdings Inc. 1986 Employee Stock Option Plan, Amended and Restated as at April 26, 1991 (previously filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1992) 10(f) Fahnestock Viner Holdings Inc. 1996 Equity Incentive Plan, Amended and Restated as at January 7, 1997 (previously filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1996) 10(g) Fahnestock Viner Holdings Inc. 1996 Equity Incentive Plan Amendment No. 1 dated March 25, 1997 (previously filed as an exhibit filed to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997) 10(h) Lease document for the premises at 125 Broad Street, New York, NY dated May 27, 1997 between NY Broad Holdings, Inc. and Fahnestock & Co. Inc. (previously filed as an exhibit filed to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997) 10(i) Lease document for the premises at 300 River Place, Detroit, MI dated February 28, 1997 between The Stroh Companies, Inc. and First of Michigan Corporation (previously filed as an exhibit filed to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997) 10(j) Stock Appreciation Agreement between Fahnestock & Co. Inc. and Albert G. Lowenthal dated February 15, 1995 (previously filed as an exhibit filed to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997) 10(k) Performance-Based Compensation Agreement between Fahnestock Viner Holdings Inc. and Albert G. Lowenthal dated March 25, 1997 (previously filed as an exhibit filed to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997) 10(l) Securities Purchase Agreement dated June 11, 1997, between 1888 Limited Partnership and DST Systems Inc. and Purchaser (previously filed as an exhibit to Schedule 14D-1 and Schedule 13D for First of Michigan Capital Corporation dated June 18, 1997) 21 Subsidiaries of the registrant (filed herewith) * 27 Financial Data Schedules, as required by Item 601(c)(2)(1) of Regulations S-K and S-B (filed herewith) * E-1 EX-21 2 EXHIBIT 21 SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT AS AT DECEMBER 31, 1998 (100% owned) FAHNESTOCK VINER HOLDINGS INC. (Ontario) Registrant -E.A. VINER INTERNATIONAL CO. (Delaware) -HUDSON CAPITAL ADVISORS, INC. (New York) -NEWSON INC. (Pennsylvania) -EVANSTON FINANCIAL CORPORATION, INC. (Pennsylvania) -VINER FINANCE INC (Delaware) -FAHNESTOCK & CO. INC. (New York) -PACE SECURITIES, INC. (inactive) (New York) -REICH & CO. INC. (in liquidation) (Alabama) -FREEDOM INVESTMENTS, INC. (Delaware) -FIRST OF MICHIGAN CAPITAL CORPORATION (Delaware) -FIRST OF MICHIGAN CORPORATION (Delaware) -FIRST OF MICHIGAN VENTURE CAPITAL ASSOCIATES, INC. (Michigan) -CRANBROOK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC. (Michigan) EX-27 3
BD EXHIBIT 27 FINANCIAL DATA SCHEDULES AS REQUIRED BY ITEM 601( c )(2)( i ) OF REGULATIONS S-K and S-B 0000791963 FAHNESTOCK VINER HOLDINGS INC. 1 U.S. DOLLARS YEAR DEC-31-1998 JAN-01-1998 DEC-31-1998 1 11,501,000 390,345,000 12,174,000 138,279,000 88,579,000 9,286,000 666,763,000 42,217,000 189,662,000 664,000 226,763,000 41,104,000 30,000 36,525,000 0 0 129,798,000 666,763,000 32,727,000 42,028,000 114,889,000 12,655,000 21,742,000 21,831,000 130,064,000 21,723,000 21,723,000 0 0 12,447,000 0.99 0.96
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