SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

REVENUES - Our revenues generally relate to net patient fees received from various payers and patients themselves under contracts in which our performance obligations are to provide diagnostic services to the patients. Revenues are recorded during the period our obligations to provide diagnostic services are satisfied. Our performance obligations for diagnostic services are generally satisfied over a period of less than one day. The contractual relationships with patients, in most cases, also involve a third-party payer (Medicare, Medicaid, managed care health plans and commercial insurance companies, including plans offered through the health insurance exchanges) and the transaction prices for the services provided are dependent upon the terms provided by (Medicare and Medicaid) or negotiated with (managed care health plans and commercial insurance companies) the third-party payers. The payment arrangements with third-party payers for the services we provide to the related patients typically specify payments at amounts less than our standard charges and generally provide for payments based upon predetermined rates per diagnostic services or discounted fee-for-service rates. Management continually reviews the contractual estimation process to consider and incorporate updates to laws and regulations and the frequent changes in managed care contractual terms resulting from contract renegotiations and renewals.

As it relates to BRMG and NY Group centers, this service fee revenue includes payments for both the professional medical interpretation revenue recognized by BRMG and the NY Groups as well as the payment for all other aspects related to our providing the imaging services, for which we earn management fees from BRMG and the NY Groups. As it relates to non-BRMG centers, this service fee revenue is earned through providing the use of our diagnostic imaging equipment and the provision of technical services as well as providing administration services such as clerical and administrative personnel, bookkeeping and accounting services, billing and collection, provision of medical and office supplies, secretarial, reception and transcription services, maintenance of medical records, and advertising, marketing and promotional activities.

Our revenues are based upon the estimated amounts we expect to be entitled to receive from patients and third-party payers. Estimates of contractual allowances under managed care and commercial insurance plans are based upon the payment terms specified in the related contractual agreements. Revenues related to uninsured patients and uninsured copayment and deductible amounts for patients who have health care coverage may have discounts applied (uninsured discounts and contractual discounts). We also record estimated implicit price concessions (based primarily on historical collection experience) related to uninsured accounts to record self-pay revenues at the estimated amounts we expect to collect.

Under capitation arrangements with various health plans, we earn a per-enrollee amount each month for making available diagnostic imaging services to all plan enrollees under the capitation arrangement. Revenue under capitation arrangements is recognized in the period in which we are obligated to provide services to plan enrollees under contracts with various health plans.

Our total revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 are presented in the table below based on an allocation of the estimated transaction price with the patient between the primary patient classification of insurance coverage (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Commercial insurance	$	163,152	$	135,445	$	475,064	$	397,193
Medicare	61,599		48,243		175,825		141,348
Medicaid	7,128		6,323		21,564		19,129
Workers' compensation/personal injury	10,865		8,810		32,950		25,714
Other patient revenue	6,085		6,205		17,947		18,318
Management fee revenue	1,792		3,615		5,662		11,237
Teleradiology and Software revenue	4,412		4,063		12,861		11,879
Other	6,875		4,848		20,878		16,318
Service fee revenue	261,908		217,552		762,751		641,136
Revenue under capitation arrangements	30,784		24,596		90,587		76,799
Total revenue	$	292,692	$	242,148	$	853,338	$	717,935

RECLASSIFICATION

RECLASSIFICATION – We have reclassified certain amounts within our table of total revenue for 2018 to conform to our 2019 presentation. In addition, we have reclassified certain amounts within our condensed consolidated statements of equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 in common shares issued and additional paid in capital to conform to our 2019 presentation.

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE - Substantially all of our accounts receivable are due under fee-for-service contracts from third party payors, such as insurance companies and government-sponsored healthcare programs, or directly from patients. Services are generally provided pursuant to one-year contracts with healthcare providers. We continuously monitor collections from our payors and maintain an allowance for bad debts based upon specific payor collection issues that we have identified and our historical experience.

DEFERRED FINANCING COSTS

DEFERRED FINANCING COSTS - Costs of financing are deferred and amortized using the effective interest rate method. Deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization, were $1.7 million and $1.4 million, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively and related to our line of credit. In conjunction with our Sixth Amendment and Seventh Amendment to our First Lien Credit Agreement (as defined below), a net addition of approximately $683,000 was added to deferred financing costs. See Note 6, Credit Facility, Notes Payable, and Capital Lease Obligations, for more information.

INVENTORIES

INVENTORIES - Inventories, consisting mainly of medical supplies, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value with cost determined by the first-in, first-out method.

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT - Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation of property and equipment is performed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets acquired, which range from 3 to 15 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized at the lesser of lease term or their estimated useful lives, which range from 3 to 15 years. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.

BUSINESS COMBINATION

BUSINESS COMBINATION - When the qualifications for business combination accounting treatment are met, it requires us to recognize separately from goodwill the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. While we use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statements of operations.

GOODWILL AND INDEFINITE LIVED INTANGIBLES

GOODWILL AND INDEFINITE LIVED INTANGIBLES - Goodwill at September 30, 2019 totaled $439.9 million. Indefinite lived intangible assets at September 30, 2019 were $11.9 million. Goodwill and Indefinite Lived Intangibles are recorded as a result of business combinations. When we determine the carrying value of reporting unit exceeds its fair value an impairment charge would be recognized and should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. We tested goodwill and indefinite lived intangibles for impairment on October 1, 2018. During the review we noted our Teleradiology unit, Imaging On Call, (IOC), experienced a reduction of professional medical group clients and a contract with a major local health provider during 2018. This affected its estimated fair value and resulted in impairment charges to the reporting unit of $3.9 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, with goodwill representing $3.8 million of the total and the remainder being its trade name of approximately $100,000. We have not identified any indicators of impairment through September 30, 2019. Activity in goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is provided below (in thousands):



Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	418,093
Adjustments to our preliminary allocation of the purchase price of Medical Arts Radiological Group, P.C.	722
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of certain assets of Dignity Health	1
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of certain assets of West Valley Imaging Center, LLC	2,490
Goodwill disposed through sale of assets	(123		)
Goodwill acquired by Lenox Hill Radiology through the membership purchase of HVRA	3,125
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of certain assets of Kern Radiology, Inc.	10,507
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of certain assets of Zilkha Radiology, Inc.	2,577
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of certain assets of Ramic Mahwah, LLC	231
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of GSRN	887
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of Nulogix	1,357
Balance as of September 30, 2019	$	439,867

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES - Income tax expense is computed using an asset and liability method and using expected annual effective tax rates. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities result from temporary differences in the financial reporting bases and the income tax reporting bases of assets and liabilities. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by the amount of any tax benefit that, based on available evidence, is not expected to be realized. When it appears more likely than not that deferred taxes will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the deferred tax asset to its estimated realizable value. For net deferred tax assets we consider estimates of future taxable income in determining whether our net deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be realized.

We recorded an income tax expense of $1.8 million, or an effective tax rate of 26.3%, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2018 of $2.8 million, or an effective tax rate of 32.9%. We recorded an income tax expense of $3.6 million, or an effective tax rate of 24.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $2.8 million or an effective tax rate of 29.5%. The income tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 diverge from the federal statutory rate due to (i) noncontrolling interests due to the controlled partnerships; (ii) effects of state income taxes; (iii) excess tax benefits attributable to share-based compensation; and adjustment associated with uncertain tax positions.

We are not under examination in any jurisdiction and the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 remain subject to examination. We believe no significant changes in the unrecognized tax benefits will occur within the next 12 months.

EQUITY BASED COMPENSATION

EQUITY BASED COMPENSATION – We have one long-term incentive plan that we adopted in 2006 and which we first amended and restated as of April 20, 2015, and again on March 9, 2017 (the “Restated Plan”). The Restated Plan was approved by our stockholders at our annual stockholders meeting on June 8, 2017. We have reserved for issuance under the Restated Plan 14,000,000 shares of common stock. We can issue options, stock awards, stock appreciation rights, stock units and cash awards under the Restated Plan. Certain options granted under the Restated Plan to employees are intended to qualify as incentive stock options under existing tax regulations. Stock options and warrants generally vest over three to five years and expire five to ten years from date of grant. The compensation expense recognized for all equity-based awards is recognized over the awards’ service periods. Equity-based compensation is classified in operating expenses within the same line item as the majority of the cash compensation paid to employees. See Note 7, Stock-Based Compensation, for more information.

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME - ASC 220 establishes rules for reporting and displaying comprehensive loss or income and its components. Our unrealized gains or losses on foreign currency translation adjustments, interest rate cap and SWAP agreements are included in comprehensive (loss) income and are included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

2016 CAPS

In the fourth quarter of 2016, we entered into two forward interest rate cap agreements ("2016 Caps"). The 2016 Caps will mature in September and October 2020. The 2016 Caps had notional amounts of $150,000,000 and $350,000,000, respectively, which were designated at inception as cash flow hedges of future cash interest payments associated with portions of our variable rate bank debt. Under these arrangements, the Company purchased a cap on 3 month LIBOR at 2.0%. We incurred a $5.3 million premium to enter into the 2016 Caps which is being accrued over the life of the agreements.

At inception, we designated our 2016 Caps as cash flow hedges of floating-rate borrowings. In accordance with ASC Topic 815, derivatives that have been designated and qualify as cash flow hedging instruments are reported at fair value. The gain or loss of the hedge (i.e. change in fair value) is reported as a component of comprehensive loss in the consolidated statement of equity. See Fair Value Measurements section below for the fair value of the 2016 Caps at September 30, 2019.

A tabular presentation of the effect of derivative instruments on our consolidated statement of comprehensive loss of the 2016 Caps is as follows (amounts in thousands):



For the three months ended September 30, 2019
Account	July 1, 2019 Balance		Amount of comprehensive loss recognized on derivative net of taxes		September 30, 2019 Balance		Location
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	(768	)	(251	)	(1,019	)	Liabilities and Equity



For the nine months ended September 30, 2019
Account	January 1, 2019 Balance	Amount of comprehensive loss recognized on derivative net of taxes		September 30, 2019 Balance		Location
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	2,506	(3,525	)	(1,019	)	Liabilities and Equity

2019 SWAPS

In the second quarter of 2019, we entered into four forward interest rate agreements ("2019 SWAPS"). The 2019 SWAPS have total notional amounts of $500,000,000, consisting of two agreements of $50,000,000 each and two agreements of $200,000,000 each. The 2019 SWAPS will secure a constant interest rate associated with portions of our variable rate bank debt and have an effective date of October 13, 2020. They will mature in October 2023 for the smaller notional and October 2025 for the larger notional. Under these arrangements, we arranged the 2019 SWAPS with locked in 1 month LIBOR rates at 1.96% for the $100,000,000 notional and at 2.05% for the $400,000,000 notional. As of the effective date, we will be liable for premium payments if interest rates decline below arranged rates, but will receive interest payments if rates remain above the arranged rates.

At inception, we designated our 2019 SWAPS as cash flow hedges of floating-rate borrowings. In accordance with ASC Topic 815, derivatives that have been designated and qualify as cash flow hedging instruments are reported at fair value. The gain or loss of the hedge (i.e. change in fair value) is reported as a component of comprehensive loss in the consolidated statement of equity. See Fair Value Measurements section below for the fair value of the 2019 SWAPS at September 30, 2019.

A tabular presentation of the effect of derivative instruments on our consolidated statement of comprehensive loss of the 2019 SWAPS is as follows (amounts in thousands):



For the three months ended September 30, 2019
Account	July 1, 2019 Balance			Amount of comprehensive loss recognized on derivative net of taxes			September 30, 2019 Balance			Location
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	$	(5,924	)	$	(5,032	)	$	(10,956	)	Liabilities and Equity

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS – Assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements are required to be disclosed within a fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy ranks the quality and reliability of inputs used to determine fair value. Accordingly, assets and liabilities carried at, or permitted to be carried at, fair value are classified within the fair value hierarchy in one of the following categories based on the lowest level input that is significant to a fair value measurement:

Level 1—Fair value is determined by using unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2—Fair value is determined by using inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices that are directly or indirectly observable. Inputs can include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in inactive markets. Related inputs can also include those used in valuation or other pricing models such as interest rates and yield curves that can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3—Fair value is determined by using inputs that are unobservable and not corroborated by market data. Use of these inputs involves significant and subjective judgment.

Derivatives:

The tables below summarizes the estimated fair values of certain of our financial assets that are subject to fair value measurements, and the classification of these assets on our consolidated balance sheets, as follows (in thousands):



	As of September 30, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Current and long term liabilities
2016 Caps - Interest Rate Contracts	$	—	$	906	$	—	$	906
2019 SWAPS - Interest Rate Contracts	$	—	$	15,473	$	—	$	15,473



	As of December 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Current assets
2016 Caps - Interest Rate Contracts	$	—	$	3,316	$	—	$	3,316

The estimated fair value of these contracts was determined using Level 2 inputs. More specifically, the fair value was determined by calculating the value of the difference between the fixed interest rate of the interest rate swaps and the counterparty’s forward LIBOR curve. The forward LIBOR curve is readily available in the public markets or can be derived from information available in the public markets.

Long Term Debt:

The table below summarizes the estimated fair value compared to our face value of our long-term debt as follows (in thousands):



	As of September 30, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Fair Value		Total Face Value
First Lien Term Loans and SunTrust Term Loan	$	—	$	718,172	$	—	$	718,172	$	716,522



	As of December 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Total Face Value
First Lien Term Loans and SunTrust Term Loan	$	—	$	633,229	$	—	$	633,229	$	646,441

As of September 30, 2019 our Barclays revolving credit facility had no balance outstanding while at December 31, 2018, our Barclays revolving credit facility had a $28.0 million aggregate principal amount outstanding. Our SunTrust revolving credit facility relating to our consolidated subsidiary NJIN, had no principal amount outstanding at September 30, 2019 and at December 31, 2018.

The estimated fair value of our long-term debt, which is discussed in Note 6, was determined using Level 2 inputs primarily related to comparable market prices.

We consider the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, other current assets, current liabilities and other notes payables to approximate their fair value because of the relatively short period of time between the origination of these instruments and their expected realization or payment. Additionally, we consider the carrying amount of our capital lease obligations to approximate their fair value because the weighted average interest rate used to formulate the carrying amounts approximates current market rates.

EARNINGS PER SHARE

EARNINGS PER SHARE - Earnings per share is based upon the weighted average number of shares of common stock and common stock equivalents outstanding, net of common stock held in treasury, as follows (in thousands except share and per share data):



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net income attributable to RadNet, Inc.'s common stockholders	$	3,195	$	5,039	$	4,360	$	3,107

BASIC NET INCOME PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO RADNET, INC.'S COMMON STOCKHOLDERS
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period	49,807,460		48,010,726		49,597,138		47,937,215
Basic net income per share attributable to RadNet, Inc.'s common stockholders	$	0.06	$	0.10	$	0.09	$	0.06

DILUTED NET INCOME PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO RADNET, INC.'S COMMON STOCKHOLDERS
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period	49,807,460		48,010,726		49,597,138		47,937,215
Add nonvested restricted stock subject only to service vesting	200,567		180,269		191,375		171,627
Add additional shares issuable upon exercise of stock options and warrants	352,333		424,397		324,793		372,463
Weighted average number of common shares used in calculating diluted net income per share	50,360,360		48,615,392		50,113,306		48,481,305
Diluted net income per share attributable to RadNet, Inc.'s common stockholders	$	0.06	$	0.10	$	0.09	$	0.06

Stock options excluded from the computation of diluted per share amounts:
Weighted average shares for which the exercise price exceeds average market price of common stock	—		—		—		8,333

EQUITY INVESTMENTS AT FAIR VALUE

EQUITY INVESTMENTS AT FAIR VALUE–Accounting guidance requires entities to measure equity investments at fair value, with any changes in fair value recognized in net income. If there is no readily determinable fair value, the guidance allows entities the ability to measure investments at cost less impairment.

As of September 30, 2019, we have two equity investments for which a fair value is not readily determinable and therefore the total amounts invested are recognized at cost as follows:

Medic Vision:

Medic Vision Imaging Solutions Ltd., based in Israel, specializes in software packages that provide compliant radiation dose structured reporting and enhanced images from reduced dose CT scans.

On March 24, 2017, we acquired an initial 12.5% equity interest in Medic Vision for $1.0 million. We also received an option to exercise warrants to acquire up to an additional 12.5% equity interest for $1.4 million within one year from the initial share purchase date, if exercised in full. On March 1, 2018 we exercised our warrant in part and acquired an additional 1.96% for $200,000. Our initial equity interest has been diluted to 12.25% and our total equity investment stands at 14.21%.

In accordance with accounting guidance, as we exercise no significant influence over Medic Vision’s operations, the investment is recorded at its cost of $1.2 million, given that the fair value is not readily determinable. No impairment in our investment was identified as of September 30, 2019.

Turner Imaging:

Turner Imaging Systems, based in Utah, develops and markets portable X-ray imaging systems that provide a user the ability to acquire X-ray images wherever and whenever they are needed. On February 1, 2018, we purchased 2.1 million preferred shares in Turner Imaging Systems for $2.0 million. On January 1, 2019 we funded a convertible promissory note in the amount of $143,000 that will convert to additional preferred shares no later than December 21, 2019. No impairment in our investment was identified as of September 30, 2019.

INVESTMENTS IN JOINT VENTURES

INVESTMENT IN JOINT VENTURES – We have 12 unconsolidated joint ventures with ownership interests ranging from 35% to 55%. These joint ventures represent partnerships with hospitals, health systems or radiology practices and were formed for the purpose of owning and operating diagnostic imaging centers. Professional services at the joint venture diagnostic imaging centers are performed by contracted radiology practices or a radiology practice that participates in the joint venture. Our investment in these joint ventures is accounted for under the equity method, since RadNet does not have a controlling financial interest in such ventures. We evaluate our investment in joint ventures, including cost in excess of book value (equity method goodwill) for impairment whenever indicators of impairment exist. No indicators of impairment existed as of September 30, 2019.

Sale of joint venture interest:

On April 1, 2017, we formed in conjuncture with Cedars Sinai Medical Center (“CSMC”) the Santa Monica Imaging Group, LLC (“SMIG”), consisting of two multi-modality imaging centers located in Santa Monica, CA with RadNet holding a 40% economic interest and CSMC holding a 60% economic interest. RadNet accounts for our share of the venture under the equity method. On January 1, 2019, CSMC purchased from the us an additional five percent economic interest in SMIG valued at $134,000. As a result of the transaction, our economic interest in SMIG has been reduced to 35%. We recorded a loss of $2,000 on the transaction.

Change in control of existing joint ventures:

On October 6, 2014, we acquired a 49% equity interest in Garden State Radiology, LLC for cash consideration of $2.2 million. The venture consisted of two imaging centers located in New Jersey. On August 1, 2019, the entity was dissolved by transferring ownership of the assets of the centers to the partners for no consideration, with each partner receiving full ownership of one center. See Note 4, Facility Acquisitions and Dispositions, for further information.

On April 12, 2018 we acquired 25% share capital in Nulogix, Inc. for cash consideration of $2.0 million. On August 1, 2019 we completed via the issuance of RadNet common stock valued at $1.5 million, the acquisition of the remaining 75% economic interest and we now consolidate the financial statements of Nulogix. See Note 4, Facility Acquisitions and Dispositions, for further information.

Joint venture investment and financial information

The following table is a summary of our investment in joint ventures during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 (in thousands):



Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	37,973
Equity in earnings in these joint ventures	6,072
Distribution of earnings	(3,924		)
Sale of ownership interest	(134		)
Dissolution of GRSN	(1,427		)
Nulogix change in control	(1,795		)
Equity contributions in existing joint ventures	103
Balance as of September 30, 2019	$	36,868

We charged management service fees from the centers underlying these joint ventures of approximately $2.5 million and $3.5 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively and $7.8 million and $10.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We eliminate any unrealized portion of our management service fees with our equity in earnings of joint ventures.

The following table is a summary of key balance sheet data for these joint ventures as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and income statement data for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):



Balance Sheet Data:	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Current assets	$	32,401		$	28,317
Noncurrent assets	62,564			45,912
Current liabilities	(9,383		)	(4,300		)
Noncurrent liabilities	(20,113		)	(4,898		)
Total net assets	$	65,469		$	65,031

Book value of RadNet joint venture interests	$	30,421		$	30,030
Cost in excess of book value of acquired joint venture interests	6,447			7,943
Total value of Radnet joint venture interests	$	36,868		$	37,973

Total book value of other joint venture partner interests	$	35,048		$	35,001



Income statement data for the nine months ended September 30,	2019		2018
Net revenue	$	80,115	$	136,413
Net income	$	13,718	$	20,271

RECENT ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING STANDARDS

Accounting standards adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (ASU 2016-02), which amends the existing accounting standards for leases. In September 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-13 which provides additional clarification and implementation guidance on the previously issued ASU No. 2016-02. Subsequently, in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, and ASU No. 2018-11, Targeted Improvement, to clarify and amend the guidance in ASU No. 2016-02. The amendments in this update were effective for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within fiscal years) beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted for all entities. Under the new guidance, a lessee is required to recognize a lease liability and right-of-use asset for all leases with terms in excess of twelve months. The new guidance also requires additional disclosures to enable users of financial statements to understand the amount, timing, and potential uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. Consistent with current guidance, a lessee’s recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease will continue to depend primarily on its classification. We have elected the optional transition method to apply the standard as of the effective date and therefore, we will not apply the standard to the comparative periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. We elected the transition package of three practical expedients permitted within the standard, which eliminates the requirements to reassess prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs. For facility and equipment operating leases, the effect of the adoption amounted to a lease liability of approximately $455.5 million. Operating lease right-of-use assets were recorded in the amount of approximately $419.0 million. Inclusive in the adoption was the transfer of approximately $35.3 million in deferred rent liability and $792,000 in unfavorable rental contract liabilities to operating lease right of use assets. For finance leases, the effect of the adoption amounted to a finance lease liability of approximately $12.1 million, which was transfered from capital lease debt. Equipment leased under the finance arrangements, amounting to $14.1 million, remained in property, plant and equipment. The transition adjustment did not have a material impact on the statement of operations or cash flows. See Note 5, Leases, for more information.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02 (“ASU 2018-02”), Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. ASU 2018-02 allows for the reclassification of certain income tax effects related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act between “Accumulated other comprehensive income” and “Retained earnings.” This ASU relates to the requirement that adjustments to deferred tax liabilities and assets related to a change in tax laws or rates to be included in “Income from continuing operations”, even in situations where the related items were originally recognized in “Other comprehensive income” (rather than in “Income from continuing operations”). Subsequently, in March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05, Income Taxes, to clarify and amend guidance in ASU 2018-02. ASU 2018-02 and ASU 2018-05 are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. Adoption of this ASU is to be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period in which the effect of the change in the tax laws or rates were recognized. The adoption had no significant impact on the our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, ("ASU 2019-04"), Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, which, among other things, clarifies certain hedge accounting guidance. For the year ended 2017, we elected to early adopt ASU 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, (Topic 815), for which this current ASU 2019-04 amends. For those entities that have already adopted ASU 2017-12, the hedging amendments in ASU 2019-04 are effective as of the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning after 25 April 2019 and early adoption is permitted. We elected early adoption of ASU 2019-04 and the adoption had no effect on our financial statements.

Accounting standards not yet adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13 ("ASU 2016-13), Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. ASU 2016-13 replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology under current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The standard will be effective for us beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements, including accounting policies, processes, and systems.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15 (“ASU 2018-15”), Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software. ASU 2018-15 aligns the requirements for deferring implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. This ASU is effective in the first quarter of 2020 with early adoption permitted and can be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. We are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this ASU on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows.