REVENUE

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

REVENUE

REVENUE

(7) REVENUE

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

We account for a contract with a customer when the parties have executed the contract and are committed to performing their respective obligations, the rights of each party are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and it is probable substantially all the consideration will be collected. We recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service to a customer.

Electric operations

We concluded that for a Power Purchase Agreement (“PPA”) that is not determined to be a lease or derivative, the definition of a contract and the criteria in ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), is met at the time a PPA is executed by the parties, as this is the point at which enforceable rights and obligations are established.

Accordingly, we concluded that a PPA that is not determined to be a lease or derivative constitutes a valid contract under ASC 606.

We recognize revenue daily, based on an output method of capacity made available as part of any stand-ready obligations for contract capacity performance obligations and daily, based on an output method of MWh of electricity delivered.

For the delivered energy performance obligation in the PPA with Hoosier, we recognize revenue daily for actual delivered electricity plus the amortization of the contract liability as a result of the Asset Purchase Agreement with Hoosier. For delivered energy to all other customers, we recognize revenue daily for the actual delivered electricity.

When energy hours at the Merom Hub are priced below our production cost or during outages at our Merom Facility, we have the option to make net hourly purchases of power in the MISO market. We record these as “Cost of purchased power” on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Coal operations

Our coal revenue is derived from sales to customers of coal produced at our facilities. Our customers typically purchase coal directly from our mine sites where the sale occurs and where title, risk of loss, and control pass to the customer at that point. Our customers arrange for and bear the costs of transporting their coal from our mines to their plants or other specified discharge points. Our customers are typically domestic utility companies. Our coal sales agreements with our customers are fixed-priced, fixed-volume supply contracts, or include a pre-determined escalation in price for each year. Price re-opener and index provisions may allow either party to commence a renegotiation of the contract price at a pre-determined time. Price re-opener provisions may automatically set a new price based on the prevailing market price or, in some instances, require us to negotiate a new price, sometimes within specified ranges of prices. The terms of our coal sales agreements result from competitive bidding and extensive negotiations with customers. Consequently, the terms of these contracts vary by customer.

Coal sales agreements will typically contain coal quality specifications. With coal quality specifications in place, the raw coal sold by us to the customer at the delivery point must be substantially free of magnetic material and other foreign material impurities and crushed to a maximum size as set forth in the respective coal sales agreement. Price adjustments are made and billed in the month the coal sale was recognized based on quality standards that are specified in the coal sales agreement, such as Btu factor, moisture, ash, and sulfur content, and can result in either increases or decreases in the value of the coal shipped.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Revenue is disaggregated by revenue source for our electric operations and by primary geographic markets for our coal operations, as we believe this best depicts how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

Electric operations

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Delivered energy (including contract liability amortization)	$	72,136	$	48,908
Capacity		13,807		11,773
Total Electric Operations sales	$	85,943	$	60,681

Coal operations

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Outside third-party Indiana customers	$	20,314	$	18,103
Customers in Florida, North Carolina, Alabama and Georgia		9,871		31,527
Total Coal Operations sales	$	30,185	$	49,630

Performance Obligations

Electric Operations

We concluded that each megawatt hour (“MWh”) of delivered energy is capable of being distinct as a customer could benefit from each on its own by using/consuming it as a part of its operations. We also concluded that the stand-ready obligation to be available to provide electricity is capable of being distinct as each unit of capacity provides an economic benefit to the holder and could be sold by the customer.

Coal Operations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract with a customer to provide distinct goods or services. Performance obligations are the unit of account for purposes of applying the revenue recognition standard and therefore determine when and how revenue is recognized. In most of our coal contracts, the customer contracts with us to provide coal that meets certain quality criteria. We consider each ton of coal a separate performance obligation and allocate the transaction price based on the base price per the contract, increased or decreased for quality adjustments.

The following table illustrates the balance of all current Electric and Coal Operations contracts allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as of March 31, 2025 and disaggregated by segment and contract duration.

	2025		2026		2027		2028		2029		Total
Delivered energy revenues	$	113,090	$	149,280	$	97,290	$	57,700	$	13,860	$	431,220
Capacity revenues		45,450		61,540		51,400		37,330		3,470		199,190
Coal Operations revenues		112,600		138,730		141,850		29,500		—		422,680
Total revenue (1)	$	271,140	$	349,550	$	290,540	$	124,530	$	17,330	$	1,053,090

(1) Coal revenues consist of consolidated revenues excluding our intercompany revenues from Merom.

Contract Balances

Under ASC 606, the timing of when a performance obligation is satisfied can affect the presentation of accounts receivable, contract assets, and contract liabilities. The main distinction between accounts receivable and contract assets is whether consideration is conditional on something other than the passage of time. A receivable is an entity’s right to consideration that is unconditional.

Under the typical payment terms of our contracts with customers, the customer pays us the contracted price for electricity or capacity. For coal contracts, the customer pays us a base price for the coal, increased or decreased for any quality adjustments. Amounts billed and due are recorded as trade accounts receivable and included in accounts receivable in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Payments received prior to fulfilling our performance obligations are included in contract liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following table shows our beginning and ending accounts receivable from contracts with customers balance for the periods presented (in thousands):

	March 31,
	2025		2024
Accounts receivable from contracts with customers - beginning balance	$	15,438	$	19,937
Accounts receivable from contracts with customers - ending balance	$	12,582	$	14,228

As the Company fulfills its contractual obligations, we recognized those amounts in revenues. The following table reconciles our beginning and ending contract liabilities for the periods presented (in thousands):

	March 31,
	2025		2024
Total contract liabilities - beginning balance	$	146,719	$	113,741
Cash payments received on future contract obligations		37,296		35,355
Accretion on contract liabilities		1,560		—
Revenue recognized, cash payment received in prior period		(35,668)		(24,529)
Total contract liabilities - ending balance	$	149,907	$	124,567