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Finance Assets
3 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2011
Notes To Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements [Abstract] 
Financing Receivables

13. Finance Assets

 

Finance Receivables

Finance receivables are comprised of sales-type lease receivables and unsecured revolving loan receivables. Sales-type leases are generally due in monthly, quarterly or semi-annual installments over periods ranging from three to five years. Loan receivables arise primarily from financing services offered to our customers for postage and related supplies. Loan receivables are generally due each month; however, customers may rollover outstanding balances.

 

Finance receivables at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 consisted of the following:

 September 30, 2011
 North America International Total
Sales-type lease receivables        
Gross finance receivables $ 1,756,200 $ 463,714 $ 2,219,914
Unguaranteed residual values   194,516   20,663   215,179
Unearned income   (355,257)   (103,101)   (458,358)
Allowance for credit losses   (29,744)   (13,771)   (43,515)
Net investment in sales-type lease receivables   1,565,715   367,505   1,933,220
         
Loan receivables        
Loan receivables  430,394   41,619   472,013
Allowance for credit losses   (24,953)   (2,333)   (27,286)
Net investment in loan receivables   405,441   39,286   444,727
         
Net investment in finance receivables $ 1,971,156 $ 406,791 $ 2,377,947
         
 December 31, 2010
 North America International Total
Sales-type lease receivables        
Gross finance receivables $ 1,940,833 $ 474,895 $ 2,415,728
Unguaranteed residual values   235,392   20,333   255,725
Unearned income   (415,891)   (107,592)   (523,483)
Allowance for credit losses   (27,792)   (13,318)   (41,110)
Net investment in sales-type lease receivables   1,732,542   374,318   2,106,860
         
Loan Receivables        
Loan receivables  453,362   34,193   487,555
Allowance for credit losses   (26,208)   (2,112)   (28,320)
Net investment in loan receivables   427,154   32,081   459,235
         
Net investment in finance receivables $ 2,159,696 $ 406,399 $ 2,566,095
         

Allowance for Credit Losses

Activity in the allowance for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 is as follows:

 

 

 Allowance for Credit Losses
 Sales-type Lease Receivables Loan Receivables   
 North America International North America International Total
               
Balance January 1, 2011$ 27,792 $ 13,318 $ 26,208 $ 2,112 $ 69,430
Amounts charged to expense  12,372   10,025   9,633   2,001   34,031
Accounts written off  (10,420)   (9,572)   (10,888)   (1,780)   (32,660)
Balance September 30, 2011$ 29,744 $ 13,771 $ 24,953 $ 2,333 $ 70,801

We maintain a program for U.S. borrowers in our North America loan portfolio who are experiencing financial difficulties, but are able to make reduced payments over an extended period of time. Upon acceptance into the program, the borrower's credit line is closed, interest accrual is suspended, the borrower's minimum required payment is reduced and the account is re-aged and classified as current. There is no forgiveness of debt or reduction of balances owed. The loans in the program are considered to be Troubled Debt Restructurings because of the concessions granted to the borrower. At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, loans in this program had a balance of approximately $7 million.

 

These modified loans are factored into the determination and evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses and is determined by the difference between cash flows expected to be received from the borrower discounted at the original effective rate and the carrying value of the balance. The allowance for credit losses related to such loans is approximately $3 million at September 30, 2011 and is included in the balance of the allowance for credit losses of North American loans in the table above. Management believes that the allowance for credit losses is adequate for these loans and all other loans in the portfolio. Write-offs of loans in the program totaled approximately $1 million for the previous twelve months.

 

Aging

The aging of finance receivables at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 is as follows:

 Sales-type Lease Receivables Loan Receivables   
 North America International North America International Total
September 30, 2011              
< 31 days past due$ 1,673,884 $ 432,794 $ 408,826 $ 39,595 $ 2,555,099
> 30 days and < 61 days   33,485   8,641   11,949   1,016   55,091
> 60 days and < 91 days   23,287   7,138   4,219   405   35,049
> 90 days and < 121 days   7,345   5,070   2,412   137   14,964
> 120 days  18,199   10,071   2,988   466   31,724
Total$ 1,756,200 $ 463,714 $ 430,394 $ 41,619 $ 2,691,927
               
Past due amounts > 90 days              
Still accruing interest$ 7,345 $ 5,070 $ - $ - $ 12,415
Not accruing interest  18,199   10,071   5,400   603   34,273
Total$ 25,544 $ 15,141 $ 5,400 $ 603 $ 46,688
               
December 31, 2010              
< 31 days past due$ 1,831,655 $ 447,459 $ 430,042 $ 32,389 $ 2,741,545
> 30 days and < 61 days   45,234   10,018   12,081   1,149   68,482
> 60 days and < 91 days   29,380   4,743   4,711   325   39,159
> 90 days and < 121 days   8,654   3,985   2,712   192   15,543
> 120 days  25,910   8,690   3,816   138   38,554
Total$ 1,940,833 $ 474,895 $ 453,362 $ 34,193 $ 2,903,283
               
Past due amounts > 90 days              
Still accruing interest$ 8,654 $ 3,985 $ - $ - $ 12,639
Not accruing interest  25,910   8,690   6,528   330   41,458
Total$ 34,564 $ 12,675 $ 6,528 $ 330 $ 54,097

Credit Quality

We use credit scores as one of many data elements in making the decision to grant credit at inception, setting credit lines at inception, managing credit lines through the life of the customer, and to assist in collections strategy.

 

We use a third party to score the majority of the North American portfolio on a quarterly basis using a commercial credit score. Accounts may not receive a score because of data issues related to SIC information, customer identification mismatches between the various data sources and other reasons. We do not currently score the portfolios outside of North America because the cost to do so is prohibitive, it is a fragmented process and there is no single credit score model that covers all countries. However, credit policies are similar to those in North America.

The table below shows the North American portfolio at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 by relative risk class (low, medium and high) based on the relative scores of the accounts within each class. A fourth class is shown for accounts that are not scored. The degree of risk, as defined by the third party, refers to the relative risk that an account in the next 12 month period may become delinquent. Absence of a score is not indicative of the credit quality of the account.

 

  • Low risk accounts are companies with very good credit risk
  • Medium risk accounts are companies with average to good credit risk
  • High risk accounts are companies with poor credit risk, are delinquent or are at risk of becoming delinquent

 

Although the relative score of accounts within each class is used as a factor for determining the establishment of a customer credit limit, it is not indicative of our actual history of losses due to the business essential nature of our products and services.

 

The aging schedule included above, showing approximately 1.7% of the portfolio as greater than 90 days past due, and the roll-forward schedule of the allowance for credit losses, showing the actual losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 are more representative of the potential loss performance of our portfolio than relative risk based on scores, as defined by the third party.

 

   September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
Sales-type lease receivables   
 Risk Level      
  Low $ 1,118,776 $ 1,191,682
  Medium   491,033   512,419
  High    55,972   60,755
  Not Scored    90,419   175,977
  Total $ 1,756,200 $ 1,940,833
        
Loan receivables      
 Risk Level      
  Low $ 263,060 $ 274,156
  Medium   119,413   155,615
  High    17,605   21,768
  Not Scored    30,316   1,823
  Total $ 430,394 $ 453,362

Leveraged Leases

Our investment in leveraged lease assets consists of the following:

 September 30, December 31,
 2011 2010
Rental receivables $ 794,724 $ 1,802,107
Unguaranteed residual values   13,443   14,141
Principal and interest on non-recourse loans   (596,155)   (1,373,651)
Unearned income   (78,017)   (191,591)
Investment in leveraged leases   133,995   251,006
Less: deferred taxes related to leveraged leases   (98,912)   (192,128)
Net investment in leveraged leases $ 35,083 $ 58,878

The components of income from leveraged leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 is as follows:

 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2011 2010 2011 2010
Pre-tax leveraged lease income$ 1,457 $ 1,326 $ 4,551 $ 4,061
Income tax effect  (641)   (68)   (804)   (215)
Income from leveraged leases$ 816 $ 1,258 $ 3,747 $ 3,846

During the quarter, we completed a sale of non-U.S. leveraged lease assets for cash. The investment in that leveraged lease at the date of termination was approximately $109 million and an after-tax gain of $27 million was recognized.