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Retirement Plans and Postretirement Medical Benefits (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Schedule of Change in Benefit Obligation, Plan Assets and the Funded Status of Defined Benefit Pension Plans The benefit obligations and funded status of defined benefit pension plans are as follows:
United StatesForeign
2022202120222021
Accumulated benefit obligation$1,205,135 $1,609,125 $447,401 $762,558 
Projected benefit obligation
Benefit obligation - beginning of year$1,609,508 $1,729,959 $770,468 $830,674 
Service cost55 102 1,214 1,528 
Interest cost44,348 42,434 13,568 11,811 
Net actuarial gain(349,261)(53,133)(242,488)(37,197)
Foreign currency changes— — (68,519)(10,747)
Settlements(1,574)(1,429)— — 
Benefits paid(97,893)(108,425)(22,906)(25,601)
Benefit obligation - end of year$1,205,183 $1,609,508 $451,337 $770,468 
Fair value of plan assets
Fair value of plan assets - beginning of year$1,549,157 $1,601,786 $737,443 $742,639 
Actual return on plan assets(293,968)51,828 (218,325)17,929 
Company contributions5,639 5,397 8,731 9,686 
Settlements(1,574)(1,429)— — 
Foreign currency changes— — (66,540)(7,210)
Benefits paid(97,893)(108,425)(22,906)(25,601)
Fair value of plan assets - end of year$1,161,361 $1,549,157 $438,403 $737,443 
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
Noncurrent asset$— $— $26,570 $29,309 
Current liability(7,294)(5,883)(1,351)(1,345)
Noncurrent liability(36,528)(54,468)(38,153)(60,989)
Funded status$(43,822)$(60,351)$(12,934)$(33,025)
Schedule of Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Fair Value of Plan Assets
Information provided in the table below is only for pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets:
United StatesForeign
2022202120222021
Projected benefit obligation$1,205,183 $1,609,508 $38,238 $59,859 
Accumulated benefit obligation$1,205,135 $1,609,125 $37,972 $59,352 
Fair value of plan assets$1,161,361 $1,549,157 $— $— 
Schedule of Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Pretax amounts recognized in AOCI consist of:
United StatesForeign
2022202120222021
Net actuarial loss$698,815 $716,585 $297,753 $301,913 
Prior service (credit) cost(105)(149)7,552 7,804 
Transition asset— — (7)(7)
Total$698,710 $716,436 $305,298 $309,710 
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations for defined benefit pension plans recognized in other comprehensive income were as follows:
United StatesForeign
2022202120222021
Net actuarial loss (gain)$15,788 $(27,842)$2,607 $(23,257)
Amortization of net actuarial loss(33,164)(38,233)(6,767)(9,350)
Amortization of prior service credit (cost)44 60 (252)(268)
Settlements(394)(551)— — 
Total recognized in other comprehensive income $(17,726)$(66,566)$(4,412)$(32,875)
Other changes in benefit obligation for postretirement medical benefit plans recognized in other comprehensive income were as follows:
20222021
Net actuarial gain$(31,512)$(22,305)
Amortization of net actuarial loss(68)(4,090)
Amortization of prior service cost— (129)
Total recognized in other comprehensive income$(31,580)$(26,524)
Schedule of Costs of Retirement Plans
The components of net periodic benefit cost (income) for defined benefit pension plans were as follows:
United StatesForeign
202220212020202220212020
Service cost$55 $102 $86 $1,214 $1,528 $1,650 
Interest cost44,348 42,434 52,103 13,568 11,811 13,379 
Expected return on plan assets(71,080)(77,119)(84,719)(26,770)(31,869)(34,391)
Amortization of net transition asset— — — — — (4)
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost(44)(60)(60)252 268 245 
Amortization of net actuarial loss33,164 38,233 32,490 6,767 9,350 7,842 
Settlements 394 551 1,364 — — 5,060 
Net periodic benefit cost (income)$6,837 $4,141 $1,264 $(4,969)$(8,912)$(6,219)
The components of net periodic benefit cost for postretirement medical benefit plans were as follows:
202220212020
Service cost$731 $909 $885 
Interest cost3,679 3,755 4,993 
Amortization of prior service cost — 129 373 
Amortization of net actuarial loss68 4,090 3,198 
Net periodic benefit cost$4,478 $8,883 $9,449 
Schedule of Weighted Average Assumptions Used to Determine Net Periodic Benefit Costs
Weighted-average actuarial assumptions used to determine year end benefit obligations and net periodic benefit cost for defined benefit pension plans include:
202220212020
United States
Used to determine benefit obligations
     Discount rate5.55%2.85%2.54%
     Rate of compensation increaseN/AN/AN/A
Used to determine net periodic benefit cost
     Discount rate2.85%2.54%3.34%
     Expected return on plan assets5.10%5.60%6.25%
     Rate of compensation increaseN/AN/AN/A
Foreign
Used to determine benefit obligations
     Discount rate1.95 %-5.10%0.85 %-2.85%0.70 %-2.40%
     Rate of compensation increase2.00 %-3.00%1.50 %-3.65%1.50 %-2.50%
Used to determine net periodic benefit cost
     Discount rate0.85 %-2.85%0.70 %-2.40%0.65 %-2.95%
     Expected return on plan assets3.75 %-5.75%3.50 %-5.75%4.25 %-6.00%
     Rate of compensation increase1.50 %-2.50%1.50 %-2.50%1.50 %-2.50%
The weighted-average discount rates used to determine end of year benefit obligation and net periodic pension cost include:
202220212020
Discount rate used to determine benefit obligation
U.S.5.60 %2.80 %2.35 %
Canada5.15 %2.90 %2.50 %
Discount rate used to determine net period benefit cost
U.S.2.80 %2.35 %3.20 %
Canada2.90 %2.50 %3.00 %
Schedule of Target Allocation and Percentage of Plan Assets for Domestic Pension Plan Target and actual asset allocations for the U.S. pension plans were as follows:
Target allocationPercent of Plan Assets at December 31,
202320222021
Asset category
Equities16 %15 %18 %
Multi-asset credit2 %2 %3 %
Fixed income76 %74 %73 %
Real estate5 %8 %5 %
Private equity1 %1 %1 %
Total100 %100 %100 %
Schedule of Target Allocation and Percentage of Plan Assets for Foreign Pension Plan Target and actual asset allocations for the U.K. Plan, which comprises 73% of the total foreign pension plan assets, were as follows:
Target AllocationPercent of Plan Assets at December 31,
202320222021
Asset category
Global equities10 %8 %12 %
Fixed income70 %70 %69 %
Real estate10 %13 %9 %
Diversified growth10 %8 %9 %
Cash— %1 %1 %
Total100 %100 %100 %
Schedule of Fair Value Measurement of Plan Assets
The following tables show the U.S. and foreign pension plans' assets, by level within the fair value hierarchy. The plan asset categories presented in the following tables are subsets of the broader asset allocation categories.

United States Pension Plans
December 31, 2022
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Money market funds$— $10,623 $— $10,623 
Equity securities— 137,505 — 137,505 
Commingled fixed income securities— 220,281 — 220,281 
Government and related securities
114,084 21,479 — 135,563 
Corporate debt securities— 527,407 — 527,407 
Mortgage-backed /asset-backed securities— 26,450 — 26,450 
Real estate— — 91,500 91,500 
Securities lending collateral— 113,802 — 113,802 
Total plan assets at fair value $114,084 $1,057,547 $91,500 $1,263,131 
Securities lending payable(113,802)
Investments valued at NAV10,416 
Cash3,525 
Other(1,909)
Fair value of plan assets $1,161,361 


December 31, 2021
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Money market funds$— $3,725 $— $3,725 
Equity securities— 195,037 — 195,037 
Commingled fixed income securities— 229,300 — 229,300 
Government and related securities
202,416 26,582 — 228,998 
Corporate debt securities— 771,529 — 771,529 
Mortgage-backed /asset-backed securities— 12,486 — 12,486 
Real estate— — 77,494 77,494 
Securities lending collateral— 145,855 — 145,855 
Total plan assets at fair value $202,416 $1,384,514 $77,494 $1,664,424 
Securities lending payable(145,855)
Investments valued at NAV16,820 
Cash20,569 
Other(6,801)
Fair value of plan assets $1,549,157 
Foreign Plans
December 31, 2022
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Money market funds$— $8,338 $— $8,338 
Equity securities— 42,717 — 42,717 
Commingled fixed income securities— 247,337 — 247,337 
Government and related securities
— 35,887 — 35,887 
Corporate debt securities— 26,336 — 26,336 
Real estate— 4,446 42,980 47,426 
Diversified growth funds— — 24,394 24,394 
Total plan assets at fair value $— $365,061 $67,374 $432,435 
Cash5,485 
Other483 
Fair value of plan assets $438,403 

December 31, 2021
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Money market funds$— $8,577 $— $8,577 
Equity securities— 96,596 — 96,596 
Commingled fixed income securities— 431,845 — 431,845 
Government and related securities
— 46,522 — 46,522 
Corporate debt securities— 33,583 — 33,583 
Real estate— 7,168 52,491 59,659 
Diversified growth funds— — 52,169 52,169 
Total plan assets at fair value $— $624,291 $104,660 $728,951 
Cash 7,966 
Other526 
Fair value of plan assets$737,443 
Schedule of Changes in Fair Value of Level 3 Assets Domestic
The following table summarizes the changes in the fair value of Level 3 assets:
U.S. PlansForeign Plans
Real estateReal estateDiversified Growth Funds
Balance at December 31, 2020$69,347 $45,275 $50,750 
Realized gains1,791 — — 
Unrealized losses6,958 6,357 1,995 
Net purchases, sales and settlements(602)1,663 — 
Foreign currency and other— (804)(576)
Balance at December 31, 202177,494 52,491 52,169 
Realized gains1,058 — — 
Unrealized gains (losses)12,666 (6,741)(5,933)
Net purchases, sales and settlements282 1,729 (16,474)
Foreign currency and other— (4,499)(5,368)
Balance at December 31, 2022$91,500 $42,980 $24,394 
Schedule of Change in Benefit Obligation, Plan Assets and the Funded Status of Nonpension Benefit Plans The benefit obligation and funded status for postretirement medical benefit plans are as follows:
20222021
Benefit obligation
Benefit obligation - beginning of year$139,516 $169,210 
Service cost731 909 
Interest cost3,679 3,755 
Net actuarial gain(31,512)(22,305)
Foreign currency changes(740)123 
Benefits paid, net(12,399)(12,176)
Benefit obligation - end of year (1)
$99,275 $139,516 
Fair value of plan assets
Fair value of plan assets - beginning of year$— $— 
Company contribution12,399 12,176 
Benefits paid, net(12,399)(12,176)
Fair value of plan assets - end of year$— $— 
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
Current liability$(11,530)$(12,841)
Non-current liability(87,745)(126,675)
Funded status$(99,275)$(139,516)
(1)    The benefit obligation for U.S. postretirement medical benefits plan was $90 million and $126 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Pretax amounts recognized in AOCL consist of:
20222021
Net actuarial (gain) loss$(16,405)$15,175 
Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments
The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, are expected to be paid.
Pension BenefitsPostretirement Medical Benefits
2023$128,361 $11,561 
2024121,948 11,076 
2025122,072 10,568 
2026120,822 10,072 
2027119,912 9,523 
Thereafter582,503 39,736 
$1,195,618 $92,536