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Finance Assets and Lessor Operating Leases
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Receivables [Abstract]  
Finance Assets and Lessor Operating Leases Finance Assets and Lessor Operating Leases
Finance Assets
Finance receivables are comprised of sales-type lease receivables and unsecured revolving loan receivables. Sales-type lease receivables are generally due in monthly, quarterly or semi-annual installments over periods ranging from three to five years. Loan receivables arise primarily from financing services offered to our clients for postage and supplies. Loan receivables are generally due each month; however, clients may rollover outstanding balances. Interest is recognized on loan receivables using the effective interest method and related annual fees are initially deferred and recognized ratably over the annual period covered. Client acquisition costs are expensed as incurred.
Finance receivables at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of the following:
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
North America
 
International
 
Total
 
North America
 
International
 
Total
Sales-type lease receivables
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Gross finance receivables
$
1,081,063

 
$
197,145

 
$
1,278,208

 
$
1,110,896

 
$
242,036

 
$
1,352,932

Unguaranteed residual values
45,279

 
11,676

 
56,955

 
52,637

 
12,772

 
65,409

Unearned income
(349,996
)
 
(47,367
)
 
(397,363
)
 
(383,453
)
 
(55,113
)
 
(438,566
)
Allowance for credit losses
(11,322
)
 
(2,262
)
 
(13,584
)
 
(10,252
)
 
(2,356
)
 
(12,608
)
Net investment in sales-type lease receivables
765,024

 
159,192

 
924,216

 
769,828

 
197,339

 
967,167

Loan receivables
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Loan receivables
289,694

 
30,126

 
319,820

 
300,319

 
29,270

 
329,589

Allowance for credit losses
(6,374
)
 
(759
)
 
(7,133
)
 
(6,777
)
 
(837
)
 
(7,614
)
Net investment in loan receivables
283,320

 
29,367

 
312,687

 
293,542

 
28,433

 
321,975

Net investment in finance receivables
$
1,048,344

 
$
188,559

 
$
1,236,903

 
$
1,063,370

 
$
225,772

 
$
1,289,142















Loans receivable are due within one year. Maturities of gross sales-type lease finance receivables at June 30, 2019 were as follows:
 
Sales-type Lease Receivables
 
North America
 
International
 
Total
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019
$
381,156

 
$
39,908

 
$
421,064

Year ending December 31, 2020
298,935

 
56,712

 
355,647

Year ending December 31, 2021
209,673

 
44,544

 
254,217

Year ending December 31, 2022
125,705

 
29,828

 
155,533

Year ending December 31, 2023
57,256

 
16,823

 
74,079

Thereafter
8,338

 
9,330

 
17,668

Total
$
1,081,063

 
$
197,145

 
$
1,278,208


Allowance for Credit Losses
We provide an allowance for probable credit losses based on historical loss experience, the nature and volume of our portfolios, adverse situations that may affect a client's ability to pay, prevailing economic conditions and our ability to manage the collateral. We continually evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses and make adjustments as necessary. The assumptions used in determining an estimate of credit losses are inherently subjective and actual results may differ significantly from estimated reserves.
We establish credit approval limits based on the credit quality of the client and the type of equipment financed. Our policy is to discontinue revenue recognition for lease receivables that are more than 120 days past due and for loan receivables that are more than 90 days past due. We resume revenue recognition when the client's payments reduce the account aging to less than 60 days past due. Finance receivables deemed uncollectible are written off against the allowance after all collection efforts have been exhausted and management deems the account to be uncollectible. As of June 30, 2019, we believe that our finance receivable credit risk is low because of the geographic and industry diversification of our clients and small account balances for most of our clients.
Activity in the allowance for credit losses for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:
 
Sales-type Lease Receivables
 
Loan Receivables
 
 
 
North
America
 
International
 
North
America
 
International
 
Total
Balance at January 1, 2019
$
10,252

 
$
2,356

 
$
6,777

 
$
837

 
$
20,222

Amounts charged to expense
3,660

 
455

 
2,329

 
315

 
6,759

Write-offs and other
(2,590
)
 
(549
)
 
(2,732
)
 
(393
)
 
(6,264
)
Balance at June 30, 2019
$
11,322

 
$
2,262

 
$
6,374

 
$
759

 
$
20,717

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales-type Lease Receivables
 
Loan Receivables
 
 
 
North
America
 
International
 
North
America
 
International
 
Total
Balance at January 1, 2018
$
7,721

 
$
2,794

 
$
7,098

 
$
1,020

 
$
18,633

Amounts charged to expense
5,946

 
545

 
3,506

 
250

 
10,247

Write-offs and other
(2,538
)
 
(933
)
 
(3,735
)
 
(330
)
 
(7,536
)
Balance at June 30, 2018
$
11,129

 
$
2,406

 
$
6,869

 
$
940

 
$
21,344










Aging of Receivables
The aging of gross finance receivables at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was as follows:
 
June 30, 2019
 
Sales-type Lease Receivables
 
Loan Receivables
 
 
 
North
America
 
International
 
North
America
 
International
 
Total
1 - 90 days
$
1,051,352

 
$
192,135

 
$
283,809

 
$
29,866

 
$
1,557,162

> 90 days
29,711

 
5,010

 
5,885

 
260

 
40,866

Total
$
1,081,063

 
$
197,145

 
$
289,694

 
$
30,126

 
$
1,598,028

Past due amounts > 90 days
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Still accruing interest
$
6,467

 
$
1,410

 
$
1,932

 
$
116

 
$
9,925

Not accruing interest
23,244

 
3,600

 
3,953

 
144

 
30,941

Total
$
29,711

 
$
5,010

 
$
5,885

 
$
260

 
$
40,866

 
December 31, 2018
 
Sales-type Lease Receivables
 
Loan Receivables
 
 
 
North
America
 
International
 
North
America
 
International
 
Total
1 - 90 days
$
1,069,288

 
$
238,114

 
$
294,126

 
$
29,079

 
$
1,630,607

> 90 days
41,608

 
3,922

 
6,193

 
191

 
51,914

Total
$
1,110,896

 
$
242,036

 
$
300,319

 
$
29,270

 
$
1,682,521

Past due amounts > 90 days
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Still accruing interest
$
7,917

 
$
1,111

 
$
1,769

 
$
72

 
$
10,869

Not accruing interest
33,691

 
2,811

 
4,424

 
119

 
41,045

Total
$
41,608

 
$
3,922

 
$
6,193

 
$
191

 
$
51,914



Credit Quality
The extension of credit and management of credit lines to new and existing clients uses a combination of an automated credit score, where available, and a detailed manual review of the client's financial condition and, when applicable, payment history. Once credit is granted, the payment performance of the client is managed through automated collections processes and is supplemented with direct follow up should an account become delinquent. We have robust automated collections and extensive portfolio management processes. The portfolio management processes are in place to track that our global strategy is executed, collection resources are allocated appropriately and enhanced tools and processes are implemented as needed.
We use a third party to score the majority of the North America portfolio on a quarterly basis using a commercial credit score. We do not use a third party to score our International portfolio because the cost to do so is prohibitive, given that it is a localized process, and there is no single credit score model that covers all countries.
The table below shows the North America portfolio at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 by relative risk class based on the relative scores of the accounts within each class. The relative scores are determined based on a number of factors, including the company type, ownership structure, payment history and financial information. A fourth class is shown for accounts that are not scored. Absence of a score is not indicative of the credit quality of the account. The degree of risk (low, medium, high), as defined by the third party, refers to the relative risk that an account may become delinquent in the next 12 months.
Low risk accounts are companies with very good credit scores and are considered to approximate the top 30% of all commercial borrowers.
Medium risk accounts are companies with average to good credit scores and are considered to approximate the middle 40% of all commercial borrowers.
High risk accounts are companies with poor credit scores, are delinquent or are at risk of becoming delinquent and are considered to approximate the bottom 30% of all commercial borrowers.

 
June 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
Sales-type lease receivables
 

 
 

Low
$
893,068

 
$
922,414

Medium
131,312

 
131,650

High
20,930

 
22,110

Not Scored
35,753

 
34,722

Total
$
1,081,063

 
$
1,110,896

Loan receivables
 

 
 

Low
$
229,888

 
$
238,620

Medium
42,731

 
43,952

High
5,703

 
5,947

Not Scored
11,372

 
11,800

Total
$
289,694

 
$
300,319



Lease Income
Lease income from sales-type leases for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Profit recognized at commencement (1)
$
34,320

 
$
39,642

 
$
70,678

 
$
86,929

Interest income
58,045

 
60,855

 
117,523

 
122,687

Total lease income from sales-type leases
$
92,365

 
$
100,497

 
$
188,201

 
$
209,616

(1) Lease contracts do not include variable lease payments.

Lessor Operating Leases
We also lease mailing equipment under operating leases with terms of one to five years. Maturities of these operating leases are as follows:
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019
$
18,383

Year ending December 31, 2020
27,684

Year ending December 31, 2021
12,394

Year ending December 31, 2022
6,348

Year ending December 31, 2023
2,886

Thereafter
182

Total
$
67,877