Intangible Assets and Goodwill

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2013

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible assets

Intangible assets at December 31, 2013 and 2012 consisted of the following:



	December 31, 2013							December 31, 2012
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Customer relationships	$	354,373	$	(251,388	)	$	102,985	$	407,901	$	(269,100	)	$	138,801
Supplier relationships	29,000		(25,013		)	3,987		29,000		(22,113		)	6,887
Software & technology	167,009		(155,009		)	12,000		169,632		(151,628		)	18,004
Trademarks & trade names	35,366		(33,985		)	1,381		35,078		(32,615		)	2,463
Non-compete agreements	7,407		(7,373		)	34		7,471		(7,412		)	59
Total intangible assets	$	593,155	$	(472,768	)	$	120,387	$	649,082	$	(482,868	)	$	166,214

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $37 million, $41 million and $49 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The future amortization expense for intangible assets as of December 31, 2013 was as follows:



Year ended December 31,
2014	$	34,437
2015	30,439
2016	23,037
2017	11,374
2018	10,547
Thereafter	10,553
Total	$	120,387

Actual amortization expense may differ from the amounts above due to, among other things, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, impairments, future acquisitions and accelerated amortization.

Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by reporting segment, for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are shown in the tables below. Prior year amounts have been recast for the change in reportable segments (see Note 17).



	Gross value before accumulated impairment		Accumulated impairment			December 31, 2012		Impairment			Other ⁽¹⁾			December 31, 2013
North America Mailing	$	322,610	$	—		$	322,610	$	—		$	4,054		$	326,664
International Mailing	182,746		—			182,746		—			(485		)	182,261
Small & Medium Business Solutions	505,356		—			505,356		—			3,569			508,925
Production Mail	120,881		—			120,881		—			(2,821		)	118,060
Presort Services	195,140		—			195,140		—			—			195,140
Enterprise Business Solutions	316,021		—			316,021		—			(2,821		)	313,200
Digital Commerce Solutions	900,347		—			900,347		—			3,046			903,393
Total reportable segments	1,721,724		—			1,721,724		—			3,794			1,725,518
Discontinued operations	562,879		(148,465		)	414,414		(101,415		)	(303,646		)	9,353
Total goodwill	$	2,284,603	$	(148,465	)	$	2,136,138	$	(101,415	)	$	(299,852	)	$	1,734,871



	Gross value before accumulated impairment		Accumulated impairment			December 31, 2011		Impairment			Other ⁽¹⁾			December 31, 2012
North America Mailing	$	319,633	$	—		$	319,633	$	—		$	2,977		$	322,610
International Mailing	187,904		—			187,904		—			(5,158		)	182,746
Small & Medium Business Solutions	507,537		—			507,537		—			(2,181		)	505,356
Production Mail	117,351		—			117,351		—			3,530			120,881
Presort Services	195,140		—			195,140		—			—			195,140
Enterprise Business Solutions	312,491		—			312,491		—			3,530			316,021
Digital Commerce Solutions	895,507		—			895,507		—			4,840			900,347
Total reportable segments	1,715,535		—			1,715,535		—			6,189			1,721,724
Discontinued operations	561,703		(130,150		)	431,553		(18,315		)	1,176			414,414
Total goodwill	$	2,277,238	$	(130,150	)	$	2,147,088	$	(18,315	)	$	7,365		$	2,136,138


(1)	Primarily represents foreign currency translation adjustments for the period. For discontinued operations in 2013, the adjustment primarily represents the write-off of remaining goodwill upon the sale of the Management Services business.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss.

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