NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY

Jack Henry & Associates, Inc. and subsidiaries (“JHA” or the “Company”) is a provider of integrated computer systems and services that has developed and acquired a number of banking and credit union software systems. The Company's revenues are predominately earned by marketing those systems to financial institutions nationwide together with computer equipment (hardware), by providing the conversion and implementation services for financial institutions to utilize JHA systems, and by providing other related services. JHA also provides continuing support and services to customers using in-house or outsourced systems.

CONSOLIDATION

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of JHA and all of its subsidiaries, which are wholly-owned, and all intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

PRIOR PERIOD RECLASSIFICATION

During the first quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company's management decided to change the presentation of its income statement, along with a change in the segment structure (see Note 10), in order to more clearly align with the way management manages the Company and evaluates performance. Amounts within the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016 have been reclassified to improve comparability with the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018. Revenue was previously classified as license, support and service, and hardware, and has been reclassified into one "Revenue" caption. Cost of sales was previously presented under three captions to correspond with our three lines of revenue, and has now been condensed to one caption, "Cost of Revenue". We have elected to include all operating expenses, including cost of revenue, under one expenses heading. Previously, cost of revenue was presented separately from operating expenses in order to show gross profit. Gross profit has been removed from our current presentation due to management's focus on operating income. Additionally, within operating expenses, selling and marketing expense and general and administrative expense were previously presented under two captions, but are now condensed under one caption, labeled "Selling, General, and Administrative."

REVENUE RECOGNITION

The Company derives revenue from the following sources: license arrangements, support and service fees (non-software) and hardware sales. There are no rights of return or conditions of acceptance in the Company’s sales contracts.

License Arrangements: For software license agreements, the Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery of the product or service has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable and collection is probable. For arrangements where the fee is not fixed or determinable, revenue is deferred until payments become due. The Company’s software license agreements generally include multiple products and services or “elements.” Generally, none of these elements are deemed to be essential to the functionality of the other elements.

For multiple element arrangements, which contain software elements and non-software elements, we allocate revenue to the software deliverables and the non-software deliverables as a group based on the relative selling prices of all of the deliverables in the arrangement. For our non-software deliverables, we allocate the arrangement consideration based on the relative selling price of the deliverables using estimated selling price ("ESP"). For our software elements, we use vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE") for this allocation when it can be established and ESP when VSOE cannot be established.

The selling price for each element is based upon the following selling price hierarchy: VSOE if available, third-party evidence ("TPE") if VSOE is not available, or ESP if neither VSOE nor TPE is available. Generally, we are not able to determine TPE because our go-to-market strategy differs from that of our peers and our offerings contain a significant level of differentiation such that the comparable pricing of products with similar functionality cannot be obtained. ESP is determined after considering both market conditions (such as the sale of similar products in the market place) and entity-specific factors (such as pricing practices and the specifics of each transaction).

For our non-software deliverables, a delivered item is accounted for as a separate unit of accounting if the delivered item has standalone value and if the customer has a general right of return relative to the delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered item is probable and substantially within our control.

For our software licenses and related services, including the software elements of multiple-element software and non-software arrangements, U.S. GAAP generally require revenue earned on software arrangements involving multiple elements to be allocated to each element based on VSOE of fair value. VSOE of fair value is determined for implementation services based on a rate per hour for stand-alone professional services and the estimated hours for the bundled implementation, if the hours can be reasonably estimated. VSOE of fair value is determined for post-contract support ("PCS") based upon the price charged when sold separately. For a majority of the elements within our software arrangements, we have determined that VSOE cannot be established; therefore, revenue on our software arrangements is generally deferred until the only remaining element is PCS. At that point, the entire arrangement fee is recognized ratably over the remaining PCS period, assuming that all other criteria for revenue recognition have been met. The amounts deferred are included in the balance sheet as deferred revenue and recognized as Bundled Products & Services revenue within Support & Service revenue in the consolidated statements of income.

For arrangements that include specified upgrades, such upgrades are accounted for as a separate element of the arrangement. For those specified upgrades for which VSOE of fair value cannot be determined, revenue related to the software elements within the arrangement is deferred until such specified upgrades have been delivered.

Total revenue recognized related to our Bundled Products & Services was $131,220, $117,046, and $94,391 for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.

Support and Service Fee Revenue (Non-software): Maintenance support revenue contracted for outside of a license arrangement is recognized pro-rata over the contract period, typically one year.

Outsourced data processing and ATM, debit card, and other transaction processing services revenue is recognized in the month the transactions are processed or the services are rendered.

Hardware Revenue: Hardware revenue is recognized upon delivery to the customer, when title and risk of loss are transferred. In most cases, we do not stock in inventory the hardware products we sell, but arrange for third-party suppliers to drop-ship the products to our customers on our behalf. The revenue related to these hardware sales is recorded gross, as we are the primary obligor in the contract with the customer. The Company also remarkets maintenance contracts on hardware to our customers. Hardware maintenance revenue is recognized ratably over the agreement period.

Revenue-based taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are presented on a net basis (i.e., excluded from revenues).

DEFERRED COSTS

Costs for certain software and hardware maintenance contracts with third parties, which are prepaid, are recognized ratably over the life of the maintenance contract, generally one to five years, with the related revenue amortized from deferred revenues.

Direct and incremental costs associated with arrangements subject to Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 985-605 (for which VSOE of fair value cannot be established) are deferred until the only remaining element in the revenue arrangement is PCS at which point the costs are recognized ratably over the remaining PCS period with the related revenue. Deferred direct and incremental costs associated with arrangements not subject to ASC 985-605 consist primarily of certain up-front costs incurred in connection with our software hosting arrangements and are recognized ratably over the contract period which typically ranges from 5-7 years. These costs include commissions, costs of third-party licenses and the direct costs of our implementation services, consisting of payroll and other fringe benefits.

DEFERRED REVENUES

Deferred revenues consist primarily of prepaid annual software support fees, deferred bundled software arrangements revenue, and prepaid hardware maintenance fees. Deferred bundled software arrangements revenue and hardware maintenance contracts may be recognized over multiple years; therefore, the related deferred revenue and maintenance are classified as current or non-current in accordance with the terms of the contract. Software and hardware deposits received are also reflected as deferred revenues.

The vast majority of our maintenance (PCS) renews annually and runs from July 1 to June 30. Renewal billings are submitted to customers each June and the Company has the right to bill at that date; therefore, we include those billings as gross in deferred revenue and as a receivable on our balance sheet at the end of each fiscal year.

COMPUTER SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

The Company capitalizes new product development costs incurred for software to be sold from the point at which technological feasibility has been established through the point at which the product is ready for general availability. Software development costs that are capitalized are evaluated on a product-by-product basis annually and are assigned an estimated economic life based on the type of product, market characteristics, and maturity of the market for that particular product. These costs are amortized based on current and estimated future revenue from the product or on a straight-line basis, whichever yields greater amortization expense. All of this amortization expense is included within Cost of support and service.

The Company capitalizes development costs for internal use software beginning at the start of application development. Amortization begins on the date the software is placed in service and the amortization period is based on estimated useful life.

CASH EQUIVALENTS

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of acquisition to be cash equivalents.

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Receivables are recorded at the time of billing. A reasonable estimate of the realizability of customer receivables is made through the establishment of an allowance for doubtful accounts, which is estimated based on a combination of write-off history, aging analysis, and any specifically known collection issues.

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Property and equipment is stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.

Intangible assets consist of goodwill, customer relationships, computer software, and trade names acquired in business acquisitions in addition to internally developed computer software. The amounts are amortized, with the exception of those with an indefinite life (goodwill), over an estimated economic benefit period, generally three to twenty years.

The Company reviews its long-lived assets and identifiable intangible assets with finite lives for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances have indicated that the carrying amount of its assets might not be recoverable. The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment of value on an annual basis as of January 1 and between annual tests if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.

PURCHASE OF INVESTMENT

In the third quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company made an investment totaling $5,000 for the purchase of preferred stock of Automated Bookkeeping, Inc ("Autobooks"), representing a non-controlling share of the voting equity of Autobooks as of that date. This investment was recorded at cost and is included within other non-current assets on our balance sheet. The fair value of this investment has not been estimated, as estimation is not practicable. There have been no events or changes in circumstances that would indicate an impairment. Fair value will not be estimated unless there are identified events or changes in circumstances that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment.

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Comprehensive income for each of the fiscal years ending June 30, 2018, 2017, and 2016 equals the Company’s net income.

REPORTABLE SEGMENT INFORMATION

In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company's operations are classified as four reportable segments: Core, Payments, Complementary, and Corporate and Other (see Note 13). Substantially all the Company’s revenues are derived from operations and assets located within the United States of America.

COMMON STOCK

The Board of Directors has authorized the Company to repurchase shares of its common stock. Under this authorization, the Company may finance its share repurchases with available cash reserves or short-term borrowings on its existing credit facilities. The share repurchase program does not include specific price targets or timetables and may be suspended at any time. At June 30, 2018, there were 26,108 shares in treasury stock and the Company had the remaining authority to repurchase up to 3,883 additional shares. The total cost of treasury shares at June 30, 2018 is $1,055,260. During fiscal 2018, the Company repurchased 448 treasury shares for $48,986. At June 30, 2017, there were 25,660 shares in treasury stock and the Company had authority to repurchase up to 4,330 additional shares.

EARNINGS PER SHARE

Per share information is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Stock options and restricted stock have been included in the calculation of income per diluted share to the extent they are dilutive. The difference between basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding is the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and restricted stock (see Note 10).

INCOME TAXES

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the tax effects of differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance would be established to reduce deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based upon the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit recognized in the financial statements from such a position is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Also, interest and penalties expense are recognized on the full amount of deferred benefits for uncertain tax positions. Our policy is to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

The Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers in May 2014. This standard is part of an effort to create a common revenue standard for U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") and International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS"). The new standard will supersede much of the existing authoritative literature for revenue recognition. The new model enacts a five-step process for achieving the core principle, which is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB also issued ASU No. 2015-14 which deferred the effective date of the new standard by one year, but allows early application as of the original effective date. We did not adopt the provisions of the new standard early, so the standard and related amendments will be effective for the Company for its annual reporting period beginning July 1, 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, which addresses principal versus agent considerations under the new revenue standard. Additional updates, including ASU No. 2016-10, ASU No. 2016-12, and ASU No. 2016-20, also address specific aspects of the new standard and are being considered. Entities are allowed to transition to the new standard by either recasting prior periods (full retrospective) or recognizing the cumulative effect as of the beginning of the period of adoption (modified retrospective). We plan to adopt the new standard using the full retrospective method.

The Company has taken the following steps in evaluating and planning for the implementation of the new standard:

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Organization of a cross-functional implementation team whose goals are to: assess the impact of the guidance on each of our revenue streams by applying the five step model; determine new processes and procedures necessary to ensure proper revenue and cost recognition; quantify the effects of the new standard on prior and current year revenue; determine opening balances for deferred revenues and costs, including tax effects, as of the beginning of fiscal 2017; develop disclosures required upon the adoption of the new standard; and develop new internal controls to ensure compliance with the new standard.


•	Continued implementation and testing of new revenue recognition software that will apply the five-step model to each of our customer contracts.


•	Continued comparisons of revenue recognition under current accounting methods versus under ASC Topic 606 for each of our revenue streams.

Determinations that have been made regarding the effect of the new standard are as follows:

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We expect the adoption of this standard to have a significant impact on our revenue recognition currently subject to ASC Topic 985. One of the most significant expected impacts relates to the recognition of license and implementation revenue on our multi-element arrangements. Under the current standard, license and implementation revenue on these arrangements is often recognized over the maintenance period of the software due to a lack of VSOE for these elements. Under ASC Topic 606, revenue for license and implementation will no longer be deferred due solely to a lack of VSOE. Generally, each license and its implementation will be recognized as one performance obligation at the time the implementation is completed.

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This new model will require more use of judgments and estimates than the current standard, including identifying performance obligations, estimating variable consideration, allocating the transaction price to each performance obligation based on stand-alone selling price, and allocating commissions to the proper performance obligations so that costs are correctly recognized in line with revenue. We will be required to estimate the total expected value of variable consideration, arising from items such as maintenance and transaction or item processing, at contract inception and include those estimates in the total transaction price of the contract to be allocated to each performance obligation. These estimates will be modified over the term of the contract, resulting in re-allocations of the transaction price and adjustments to revenue recognized on the contract.

Significant implementation matters still being addressed include:


•	Determination of opening balances for deferred revenues and costs, and the quantitative effect of the new standard on prior and current year revenues and costs. Our analysis of the quantitative effects of the new standard on fiscal years 2017 and 2018 will continue at least through early September 2018.


•	Development of required disclosures under the new standard.


•	Updates to our internal controls surrounding the new system and processes.


•	Assessment of the impacts of the new standard on deferred income taxes and provision for income taxes.

The FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, in February 2016. This ASU aims to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and requiring disclosure of key information regarding leasing arrangements. Specifically, the standard requires operating lease commitments to be recorded on the balance sheet as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets, and the cost of those operating leases to be amortized on a straight-line basis. ASU No. 2016-02 will be effective for JHA's annual reporting period beginning July 1, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. At transition, a modified retrospective approach must be utilized to measure leases as of the beginning of the earliest period presented, however, the FASB has provided certain practical expedients, which the Company is currently evaluating. The Company is currently assessing the impact this new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements and when we will adopt it.

The FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, in March 2016. The new standard is intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting and presentation of share-based payment transactions, including reporting of excess tax benefits and shortfalls, statutory minimum withholding considerations, and classification within the statement of cash flows. The standard allows a one-time accounting policy election to either account for forfeitures as they occur or continue to estimate them. ASU No. 2016-09 was effective for the Company’s annual reporting period beginning July 1, 2017. Management elected to early adopt this standard as of July 1, 2016 and has elected to continue our current practice of estimating forfeitures. The adoption of this standard had the following impacts on our consolidated financial statements.

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Consolidated statements of income- The new standard requires that the tax effects of share-based compensation be recognized in the provision for income taxes. Previously, these amounts were recognized in additional paid-in capital. For fiscal 2018, net tax benefits related to share- based compensation awards of $3,274 were recognized as reductions of income tax expense, reducing our income tax rate by 0.84%, and increasing our basic and diluted earnings per share each by $0.04. For fiscal 2017, net tax benefits related to share-based compensation awards of $2,638 were recognized as reductions of income tax expense. These tax benefits reduced our effective income tax rate by 0.72%, and caused an increase in basic and diluted earnings per share of $0.03 for fiscal 2017. In addition, in calculating potential common shares used to determine diluted earnings per share, U.S. GAAP require us to use the treasury stock method. The new standard requires that assumed proceeds under the treasury stock method be modified to exclude the amount of excess tax benefits that would have been recognized in additional paid-in capital. These changes were applied on a prospective basis.

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Consolidated statements of cash flows- The Company elected to apply the presentation requirements for cash flows related to excess tax benefits retrospectively. The recast for fiscal 2016 resulted in an increase to both net cash provided by operations and net cash used in financing of $1,306. The presentation requirements for cash flows related to employee taxes paid for withheld shares had no impact to any of the periods presented on our consolidated cash flows statements since such cash flows have historically been presented as a financing activity.

ASU 2016-15 issued by the FASB in August 2016 clarifies cash flow classification of eight specific cash flow issues and is effective for our annual reporting period beginning July 1, 2018. We did not adopt the provisions of the new standard early. We do not expect any significant impact to our financial statements as a result of this standard.