Loans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Loans, Notes, Trade and Other Receivables Disclosure [Text Block]

The period end loan composition was as follows:


(in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	11,799,757	$	10,573,741
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	1,186,324		1,143,741
Commercial and business lending	12,986,081		11,717,483
Commercial real estate - investor	5,246,030		5,227,975
Real estate construction	1,994,642		1,982,632
Commercial real estate lending	7,240,672		7,210,607
Total commercial	20,226,753		18,928,090
Residential mortgage	6,793,957		7,047,541
Auto finance	3,106,498		2,810,220
Home equity	713,271		664,252
Other consumer	323,135		318,483
Total consumer	10,936,861		10,840,496
Total loans	$	31,163,614	$	29,768,586

Accrued interest receivable on loans totaled $117.6 million at December 31, 2025, and $126.1 million at December 31, 2024, and is included in interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. The amount of accrued interest reversed totaled $3.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, and $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Corporation has granted loans to its directors, executive officers, or their related interests. These loans were made on substantially the same terms, including rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other unrelated customers, and do not involve more than a normal risk of collection. These loans to related parties are summarized below:


(in thousands)	2025		2024
Balance at beginning of year	$	21,280	$	5,406
New loans	2,181		17,395
Repayments	(3,163)		(2,359)
Change due to status of executive officers and directors	(15,167)		838
Balance at end of year	$	5,131	$	21,280

The following table presents loans by credit quality indicator by origination year at December 31, 2025:


					Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
(in thousands)	Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)		Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Total







Commercial and industrial:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	503	$	1,920,351	$	3,886,880	$	2,097,760	$	1,133,873	$	1,238,941	$	521,793	$	471,834	$	11,271,432
Special mention	—		11,139		3,024		311		13,774		5,849		24,971		293		59,361
Substandard	7,290		65,451		60,593		78,773		22,126		162,841		70,231		1,771		461,786
Nonaccrual	1,473		—		25		7,153		—		—		—		—		7,178
Commercial and industrial	$	9,266	$	1,996,941	$	3,950,522	$	2,183,997	$	1,169,773	$	1,407,631	$	616,995	$	473,898	$	11,799,757
Commercial real estate - owner occupied:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	2,957	$	241,141	$	180,867	$	141,254	$	167,496	$	157,837	$	201,588	$	1,093,140
Special mention	—		—		—		11,620		5,432		—		—		1,242		18,294
Substandard	—		13,445		7,478		14,001		15,635		1,691		11,929		10,508		74,687
Nonaccrual	—		—		203		—		—		—		—		—		203
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	$	—	$	16,402	$	248,822	$	206,488	$	162,321	$	169,187	$	169,766	$	213,338	$	1,186,324
Commercial and business lending:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	503	$	1,923,308	$	4,128,021	$	2,278,627	$	1,275,127	$	1,406,437	$	679,630	$	673,422	$	12,364,572
Special mention	—		11,139		3,024		11,931		19,206		5,849		24,971		1,535		77,655
Substandard	7,290		78,896		68,071		92,774		37,761		164,532		82,160		12,279		536,473
Nonaccrual	1,473		—		228		7,153		—		—		—		—		7,381
Commercial and business lending	$	9,266	$	2,013,343	$	4,199,344	$	2,390,485	$	1,332,094	$	1,576,818	$	786,761	$	687,236	$	12,986,081
Commercial real estate - investor:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	3,195	$	185,825	$	1,842,395	$	776,187	$	503,511	$	711,947	$	432,442	$	503,468	$	4,955,775
Special mention	—		—		40,067		11,135		14,809		58,523		26,964		5,007		156,505
Substandard	—		—		24,090		1,446		7,741		70,608		17,633		3,921		125,439
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		546		—		7,765		—		—		8,311
Commercial real estate - investor	$	3,195	$	185,825	$	1,906,552	$	789,314	$	526,061	$	848,843	$	477,039	$	512,396	$	5,246,030
Real estate construction:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	33,847	$	359,610	$	720,429	$	223,239	$	175,056	$	2,991	$	5,768	$	1,520,940
Special mention	—		—		20,611		—		—		51,262		—		—		71,873
Substandard	—		—		122,320		42,511		48,980		187,874		—		—		401,685
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		144		144
Real estate construction	$	—	$	33,847	$	502,541	$	762,940	$	272,219	$	414,192	$	2,991	$	5,912	$	1,994,642
Commercial real estate lending:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	3,195	$	219,672	$	2,202,005	$	1,496,616	$	726,750	$	887,003	$	435,433	$	509,236	$	6,476,715
Special mention	—		—		60,678		11,135		14,809		109,785		26,964		5,007		228,378
Substandard	—		—		146,410		43,957		56,721		258,482		17,633		3,921		527,124
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		546		—		7,765		—		144		8,455
Commercial real estate lending	$	3,195	$	219,672	$	2,409,093	$	1,552,254	$	798,280	$	1,263,035	$	480,030	$	518,308	$	7,240,672
Total commercial:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	3,698	$	2,142,980	$	6,330,026	$	3,775,243	$	2,001,877	$	2,293,440	$	1,115,063	$	1,182,658	$	18,841,287
Special mention	—		11,139		63,702		23,066		34,015		115,634		51,935		6,542		306,033
Substandard	7,290		78,896		214,481		136,731		94,482		423,014		99,793		16,200		1,063,597
Nonaccrual	1,473		—		228		7,699		—		7,765		—		144		15,836
Total commercial	$	12,461	$	2,233,015	$	6,608,437	$	3,942,739	$	2,130,374	$	2,839,853	$	1,266,791	$	1,205,544	$	20,226,753


					Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
(in thousands)	Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)		Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Total
Residential mortgage:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	253,364	$	238,787	$	480,076	$	1,488,335	$	1,499,223	$	2,764,379	$	6,724,164

Substandard	—		—		—		580		292		129		300		—		1,301
Nonaccrual	—		—		2,425		3,102		5,101		13,141		8,985		35,738		68,492
Residential mortgage	$	—	$	—	$	255,789	$	242,469	$	485,469	$	1,501,605	$	1,508,508	$	2,800,117	$	6,793,957
Auto finance:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	1,287,267	$	842,838	$	551,549	$	388,064	$	26,402	$	2	$	3,096,122
Special mention	—		—		295		325		814		621		50		—		2,105

Nonaccrual	—		—		559		1,356		2,811		3,255		290		—		8,271
Auto finance	$	—	$	—	$	1,288,121	$	844,519	$	555,174	$	391,940	$	26,742	$	2	$	3,106,498
Home equity:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	15,259	$	623,853	$	855	$	2,188	$	2,728	$	20,514	$	4,733	$	49,793	$	704,664
Special mention	315		52		—		119		190		104		—		368		833

Nonaccrual	1,038		173		2		221		333		1,016		414		5,615		7,774
Home equity	$	16,612	$	624,078	$	857	$	2,528	$	3,251	$	21,634	$	5,147	$	55,776	$	713,271
Other consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	529	$	255,490	$	13,159	$	4,070	$	1,990	$	958	$	264	$	43,575	$	319,506
Special mention	12		1,139		27		—		5		9		—		20		1,200
Substandard	—		2,374		—		—		—		—		—		—		2,374
Nonaccrual	2		35		—		3		12		—		2		3		55
Other consumer	$	543	$	259,038	$	13,186	$	4,073	$	2,007	$	967	$	266	$	43,598	$	323,135







Total consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	15,788	$	879,343	$	1,554,645	$	1,087,883	$	1,036,343	$	1,897,871	$	1,530,622	$	2,857,749	$	10,844,456
Special mention	327		1,191		322		444		1,009		734		50		388		4,138
Substandard	—		2,374		—		580		292		129		300		—		3,675
Nonaccrual	1,040		208		2,986		4,682		8,257		17,412		9,691		41,356		84,592
Total consumer	$	17,155	$	883,116	$	1,557,953	$	1,093,589	$	1,045,901	$	1,916,146	$	1,540,663	$	2,899,493	$	10,936,861
Total loans:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	19,486	$	3,022,323	$	7,884,671	$	4,863,126	$	3,038,220	$	4,191,311	$	2,645,685	$	4,040,407	$	29,685,743
Special mention	327		12,330		64,024		23,510		35,024		116,368		51,985		6,930		310,171
Substandard	7,290		81,270		214,481		137,311		94,774		423,143		100,093		16,200		1,067,272
Nonaccrual	2,513		208		3,214		12,381		8,257		25,177		9,691		41,500		100,428
Total loans	$	29,616	$	3,116,131	$	8,166,390	$	5,036,328	$	3,176,275	$	4,755,999	$	2,807,454	$	4,105,037	$	31,163,614

(a) Revolving loans converted to term loans are those converted during the reporting period and are also reported in their year of origination.

The following table presents loans by credit quality indicator by origination year at December 31, 2024:


					Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
(in thousands)	Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)		Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Total
Commercial and industrial:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	248	$	1,841,790	$	2,656,953	$	1,514,277	$	2,254,758	$	1,080,180	$	263,286	$	510,301	$	10,121,545
Special mention	—		48,829		4,037		4,810		63,390		6,984		515		48		128,613
Substandard	2,015		40,240		90,240		9,677		34,730		126,134		3,347		131		304,500
Nonaccrual	42		—		772		4,468		12,988		855		—		—		19,084
Commercial and industrial	$	2,306	$	1,930,860	$	2,752,002	$	1,533,233	$	2,365,866	$	1,214,154	$	267,148	$	510,480	$	10,573,741
Commercial real estate - owner occupied:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	13,760	$	228,913	$	175,059	$	180,132	$	214,237	$	114,064	$	181,982	$	1,108,147
Special mention	—		—		—		497		—		8,619		—		2,803		11,920
Substandard	—		943		2,532		10,009		1,492		701		3,371		3,125		22,173
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		1,501		—		—		—		—		1,501
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	$	—	$	14,703	$	231,446	$	187,066	$	181,625	$	223,557	$	117,435	$	187,911	$	1,143,741
Commercial and business lending:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	248	$	1,855,550	$	2,885,866	$	1,689,336	$	2,434,891	$	1,294,416	$	377,350	$	692,283	$	11,229,693
Special mention	—		48,829		4,037		5,307		63,390		15,604		515		2,852		140,532
Substandard	2,015		41,183		92,772		19,686		36,222		126,835		6,719		3,255		326,673
Nonaccrual	42		—		772		5,969		12,988		855		—		—		20,585
Commercial and business lending	$	2,306	$	1,945,563	$	2,983,447	$	1,720,298	$	2,547,491	$	1,437,710	$	384,583	$	698,390	$	11,717,483
Commercial real estate - investor:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	190,451	$	1,334,740	$	725,652	$	1,179,867	$	723,994	$	321,084	$	363,288	$	4,839,076
Special mention	—		—		69,014		6,385		30,672		12,312		6,870		10,366		135,618
Substandard	—		—		69,385		53,022		93,151		10,724		384		9,910		236,576
Nonaccrual	—		—		11,949		—		—		4,757		—		—		16,705
Commercial real estate - investor	$	—	$	190,451	$	1,485,088	$	785,058	$	1,303,690	$	751,786	$	328,338	$	383,563	$	5,227,975
Real estate construction:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	30,090	$	278,754	$	390,845	$	807,347	$	142,137	$	25,654	$	7,260	$	1,682,086
Special mention	—		—		19,419		—		96,442		—		—		—		115,862
Substandard	—		—		28,241		6,000		105,660		44,754		—		—		184,654
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		30		30
Real estate construction	$	—	$	30,090	$	326,414	$	396,845	$	1,009,450	$	186,890	$	25,654	$	7,289	$	1,982,632
Commercial real estate lending:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	220,541	$	1,613,494	$	1,116,496	$	1,987,215	$	866,130	$	346,738	$	370,548	$	6,521,163
Special mention	—		—		88,433		6,385		127,114		12,312		6,870		10,366		251,480
Substandard	—		—		97,626		59,022		198,811		55,477		384		9,910		421,230
Nonaccrual	—		—		11,949		—		—		4,757		—		30		16,735
Commercial real estate lending	$	—	$	220,541	$	1,811,502	$	1,181,903	$	2,313,140	$	938,677	$	353,992	$	390,853	$	7,210,607
Total commercial:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	248	$	2,076,092	$	4,499,360	$	2,805,832	$	4,422,105	$	2,160,547	$	724,088	$	1,062,831	$	17,750,855
Special mention	—		48,829		92,469		11,692		190,504		27,916		7,385		13,217		392,012
Substandard	2,015		41,183		190,399		78,708		235,033		182,313		7,103		13,165		747,903
Nonaccrual	42		—		12,721		5,969		12,988		5,612		—		30		37,320
Total commercial	$	2,306	$	2,166,104	$	4,794,949	$	2,902,201	$	4,860,631	$	2,376,387	$	738,576	$	1,089,243	$	18,928,090


					Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
(in thousands)	Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)		Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Total
Residential mortgage:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	172,607	$	507,186	$	1,579,182	$	1,643,341	$	1,195,752	$	1,878,251	$	6,976,319
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		162		162
Substandard	—		—		594		327		77		—		—		24		1,022
Nonaccrual	—		—		2,338		2,134		11,420		10,141		8,297		35,708		70,038
Residential mortgage	$	—	$	—	$	175,539	$	509,647	$	1,590,679	$	1,653,482	$	1,204,049	$	1,914,144	$	7,047,541
Auto finance:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	1,241,609	$	858,924	$	650,880	$	48,999	$	67	$	77	$	2,800,555
Special mention	—		—		332		704		1,048		178		—		—		2,262

Nonaccrual	—		—		491		2,162		4,284		466		—		—		7,402
Auto finance	$	—	$	—	$	1,242,431	$	861,790	$	656,212	$	49,643	$	67	$	77	$	2,810,220
Home equity:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	8,764	$	569,866	$	411	$	1,684	$	25,372	$	5,289	$	1,965	$	50,841	$	655,429
Special mention	127		81		41		—		—		—		—		323		445

Nonaccrual	1,677		104		15		103		933		231		215		6,778		8,378
Home equity	$	10,568	$	570,051	$	467	$	1,788	$	26,305	$	5,520	$	2,180	$	57,941	$	664,252
Other consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	308	$	241,230	$	14,343	$	4,808	$	2,475	$	1,440	$	584	$	49,886	$	314,767
Special mention	—		1,125		8		—		36		7		—		—		1,176
Substandard	—		2,418		—		—		—		—		—		—		2,418
Nonaccrual	2		81		5		21		7		4		—		4		122
Other consumer	$	310	$	244,855	$	14,356	$	4,829	$	2,518	$	1,451	$	584	$	49,891	$	318,483
Total consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	9,071	$	811,096	$	1,428,969	$	1,372,603	$	2,257,910	$	1,699,069	$	1,198,368	$	1,979,055	$	10,747,070
Special mention	127		1,207		381		704		1,083		185		—		484		4,045
Substandard	—		2,418		594		327		77		—		—		24		3,440
Nonaccrual	1,679		185		2,849		4,420		16,644		10,842		8,512		42,490		85,941
Total consumer	$	10,878	$	814,906	$	1,432,794	$	1,378,053	$	2,275,714	$	1,710,096	$	1,206,880	$	2,022,053	$	10,840,496
Total loans:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	9,320	$	2,887,188	$	5,928,329	$	4,178,435	$	6,680,015	$	3,859,616	$	1,922,456	$	3,041,886	$	28,497,925
Special mention	127		50,036		92,851		12,396		191,587		28,101		7,385		13,701		396,057
Substandard	2,015		43,602		190,993		79,035		235,110		182,313		7,103		13,189		751,344
Nonaccrual	1,721		185		15,570		10,389		29,632		16,453		8,512		42,519		123,260
Total loans	$	13,183	$	2,981,010	$	6,227,743	$	4,280,254	$	7,136,344	$	4,086,483	$	1,945,455	$	3,111,296	$	29,768,586

(a) Revolving loans converted to term loans are those converted during the reporting period and are also reported in their year of origination.

The following table presents gross charge offs by origination year at December 31, 2025:


			Gross Charge Offs by Origination Year
(in thousands)	Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	5,424	$	831	$	627	$	3,555	$	3,799	$	379	$	—	$	14,615
Commercial real estate-owner occupied	—		—		—		113		—		—		—		113
Commercial and business lending	5,424		831		627		3,668		3,799		379		—		14,728
Commercial real estate-investor	—		—		8,356		184		12,666		—		—		21,206
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate lending	—		—		8,356		184		12,666		—		—		21,206
Total commercial	5,424		831		8,983		3,852		16,465		379		—		35,934
Residential mortgage	—		—		115		209		320		74		430		1,148
Auto finance	—		432		1,699		2,804		3,384		433		—		8,752
Home equity	—		—		—		26		5		5		380		416
Other consumer	8,194		18		85		63		63		224		56		8,703
Total consumer	8,194		450		1,899		3,102		3,772		736		866		19,019
Total gross charge offs	$	13,618	$	1,281	$	10,882	$	6,954	$	20,237	$	1,115	$	866	$	54,953

The following table presents gross charge offs by origination year at December 31, 2024:


			Gross Charge Offs by Origination Year
(in thousands)	Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	4,433	$	128	$	11,484	$	8,510	$	22,959	$	3	$	—	$	47,517
Commercial real estate-owner occupied	—		—		—		—		—		—		3		3
Commercial and business lending	4,433		128		11,484		8,510		22,959		3		3		47,520
Commercial real estate-investor	—		6,617		1		—		4,569		—		—		11,187
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate lending	—		6,617		1		—		4,569		—		—		11,187
Total commercial	4,433		6,745		11,485		8,510		27,528		3		3		58,707
Residential mortgage	—		—		134		125		101		153		515		1,029
Auto finance	—		418		2,982		5,582		560		—		—		9,541
Home equity	93		—		—		9		19		10		85		216
Other consumer	6,555		20		96		75		75		42		59		6,922
Total consumer	6,649		438		3,212		5,790		755		205		659		17,709
Total gross charge offs	$	11,082	$	7,183	$	14,697	$	14,300	$	28,283	$	209	$	662	$	76,415

Factors that are important to managing overall credit quality are sound loan underwriting and administration, systematic monitoring of existing loans and commitments, effective loan review on an ongoing basis, early identification of potential problems, and appropriate policies for ACLL, nonaccrual loans, and charge offs. See Note 1 for the Corporation's accounting policy for loans.

For commercial loans, management has determined the pass credit quality indicator to include credits exhibiting acceptable financial statements, cash flow, and leverage. If any risk exists, it is mitigated by the loan structure, collateral, monitoring, or control. For consumer loans, performing loans include credits performing in accordance with the original contractual terms.

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Special mention credits have potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the credit or in the credit position at some future date. Accruing loan modifications could be pass or special mention, depending on the risk rating on the loan. Substandard loans are considered inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged, if any. These loans have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, which may jeopardize liquidation of the debt, and are characterized by the distinct possibility the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Commercial loan relationships over $0.5 million in nonaccrual status, or that otherwise do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans, including those for which a debt restructuring is probable, are evaluated individually for expected credit losses. Commercial loans classified as special mention, substandard, and nonaccrual are reviewed at a minimum

on a quarterly basis, while pass credits, which are performing rated credits, are generally reviewed on an annual basis or more frequently if the loan renewal is less than one year or if otherwise warranted.

The recorded investment of consumer loans secured by residential real estate properties for which foreclosure proceedings are in process totaled $20.1 million at December 31, 2025 and $22.9 million at December 31, 2024.

The following table presents loans by past due status at December 31, 2025:


	Accruing
(in thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due		Nonaccrual(a)(b)		Total

Commercial and industrial	$	11,789,526	$	2,153	$	530	$	370	$	7,178	$	11,799,757
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	1,186,087		—		34		—		203		1,186,324
Commercial and business lending	12,975,613		2,153		564		370		7,381		12,986,081
Commercial real estate - investor	5,218,314		14,148		5,257		—		8,311		5,246,030
Real estate construction	1,994,381		117		—		—		144		1,994,642
Commercial real estate lending	7,212,695		14,265		5,257		—		8,455		7,240,672
Total commercial	20,188,308		16,418		5,821		370		15,836		20,226,753
Residential mortgage	6,712,330		13,135		—		—		68,492		6,793,957
Auto finance	3,081,782		14,340		2,105		—		8,271		3,106,498
Home equity	701,719		2,945		833		—		7,774		713,271
Other consumer	317,932		1,473		1,231		2,444		55		323,135
Total consumer	10,813,763		31,893		4,169		2,444		84,592		10,936,861
Total loans	$	31,002,071	$	48,311	$	9,990	$	2,814	$	100,428	$	31,163,614

(a) Of the total nonaccrual loans, $31.2 million, or 31%, were current with respect to payment at December 31, 2025.

(b) No interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans for the year ended December 31, 2025. In addition, there were $14.6 million of nonaccrual loans for which there was no related ACLL at December 31, 2025.

The following table presents loans by past due status at December 31, 2024:


	Accruing
(in thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due		Nonaccrual(a)(b)		Total

Commercial and industrial	$	10,552,756	$	899	$	361	$	642	$	19,084	$	10,573,741
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	1,140,607		1,533		101		—		1,501		1,143,741
Commercial and business lending	11,693,363		2,432		462		642		20,585		11,717,483
Commercial real estate - investor	5,174,879		5,117		31,274		—		16,705		5,227,975
Real estate construction	1,982,581		21		—		—		30		1,982,632
Commercial real estate lending	7,157,460		5,138		31,274		—		16,735		7,210,607
Total commercial	18,850,823		7,570		31,736		642		37,320		18,928,090
Residential mortgage	6,962,610		14,731		162		—		70,038		7,047,541
Auto finance	2,787,967		12,588		2,262		—		7,402		2,810,220
Home equity	651,248		4,181		445		—		8,378		664,252
Other consumer	312,687		1,892		1,236		2,547		122		318,483
Total consumer	10,714,512		33,391		4,105		2,547		85,941		10,840,496
Total loans	$	29,565,335	$	40,961	$	35,841	$	3,189	$	123,260	$	29,768,586

(a) Of the total nonaccrual loans, $52.4 million, or 42%, were current with respect to payment at December 31, 2024.

(b) No interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans for the year ended December 31, 2024. In addition, there were $23.8 million of nonaccrual loans for which there was no related ACLL at December 31, 2024.

Loan Modifications

The following tables show the composition of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by the loan portfolio and type of concessions granted. Each of the types of concessions granted comprised less than 1% of their respective classes of loan portfolios at December 31, 2025, December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023.


		Interest Rate Concession
		Amortized Cost
	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(in thousands)		2025		2024		2023
Commercial and industrial		$	458	$	475	$	306
Residential mortgage		139		295		—
Auto finance		—		10		255
Home equity		—		—		77
Other consumer		2,271		2,239		1,449
Total loans modified		$	2,868	$	3,019	$	2,087


		Term Extension
		Amortized Cost
	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(in thousands)		2025		2024		2023

Residential mortgage		$	1,385	$	—	$	208
Home equity		—		—		25

Total loans modified		$	1,385	$	—	$	233


		Combination - Interest Rate Concession and Term Extension
		Amortized Cost
	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(in thousands)		2025		2024		2023

Residential mortgage		$	4,985	$	2,849	$	865
Home equity		276		244		339

Total loans modified		$	5,261	$	3,093	$	1,204

The following tables summarize, by loan portfolio, the financial effect of the Corporation's loan modifications on the modified loans:


		Interest Rate Concession
		Financial Effect, Weighted Average Contractual Interest Rate (Decrease) Increase(a)
	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
Loan Type		2025		2024		2023
Commercial and industrial		(24)	%	(18)	%	(19)	%
Residential mortgage		1	%	2	%	1	%
Auto finance		—	%	(7)	%	(9)	%
Home equity		(2)	%	(3)	%	—	%
Other consumer		(21)	%	(21)	%	(21)	%
Weighted average of total loans modified		(6)	%	(8)	%	(11)	%

(a) Some interest rate concessions may involve an increase in rate that was lower in comparison to prevailing market rates.

Term Extension

Financial Effect, Weighted Average Term Increase(a)

Twelve Months Ended December 31,

Loan Type

2025

2024

2023

Residential mortgage

137 months

108 months

65 months

Home equity

78 months

63 months

85 months

Weighted average of total loans modified

134 months

105 months

71 months

(a) During the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023 term extensions changed the weighted average term on modified loans from 285 to 419 months, 282 to 386 months, and 175 to 245 months, respectively.

The Corporation closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table depicts the performance of loans that have been modified in the twelve months ended December 31, 2025:


	Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis)
(in thousands)	Current		30-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due
Commercial and industrial	$	458	$	—	$	—
Residential mortgage	5,370		872		267

Home equity	106		170		—
Other consumer	2,271		—		—
Total loans modified	$	8,205	$	1,042	$	267

The following table depicts the performance of loans that have been modified in the twelve months ended December 31, 2024:


	Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis)
(in thousands)	Current		30-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due
Commercial and industrial	$	475	$	—	$	—
Residential mortgage	2,355		453		336
Auto finance	5		3		2
Home equity	244		—		—
Other consumer	2,239		—		—
Total loans modified	$	5,318	$	456	$	338

The following table depicts the performance of loans that have been modified in the twelve months ended December 31, 2023:


	Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis)
(in thousands)	Current		30-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due
Commercial and industrial	$	306	$	—	$	—
Residential mortgage	773		56		245
Auto finance	218		36		—
Home equity	310		123		9
Other consumer	1,449		—		—
Total loans modified	$	3,056	$	215	$	253

The following table provides the amortized cost of loan modifications by loan portfolio and type of concession for loans that were modified in the previous twelve months had a payment default, as of December 31, 2025:


	Amortized Cost of Loan Modifications that Subsequently Defaulted
(in thousands)	Interest Rate Concession		Term Extension		Combination Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension
Residential mortgage	$	—	$	—	$	213

Home equity	—		—		45
Total loans modified	$	—	$	—	$	258

The following table provides the amortized cost of loan modifications by loan portfolio and type of concession that were modified in the previous twelve months and subsequently had a payment default, as of December 31, 2024:


	Amortized Cost of Loan Modifications that Subsequently Defaulted
(in thousands)	Interest Rate Concession		Term Extension		Combination Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension
Residential mortgage	$	—	$	—	$	151
Auto finance	2		—		—
Home equity	—		—		186
Total loans modified	$	2	$	—	$	337


	Amortized Cost of Loan Modifications that Subsequently Defaulted
(in thousands)	Interest Rate Concession		Term Extension		Combination Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension
Residential mortgage	$	—	$	208	$	248

Home equity	—		—		27
Total loans modified	$	—	$	208	$	275

The nature and extent of the impairment of modified loans, including those which have experienced a subsequent payment default, are considered in the determination of an appropriate level of the ACLL.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The ACLL is comprised of the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for unfunded commitments. The level of the ACLL represents management’s estimate of an amount appropriate to provide for expected lifetime credit losses in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The expected lifetime credit losses are the product of multiplying the Corporation's estimates of probability of default, loss given default, and the individual loan level exposure at default on an undiscounted basis. A main factor in the determination of the ACLL is the economic forecast. The forecast the Corporation used for December 31, 2025 was the Moody's baseline scenario from November 2025, which was reviewed against the December 2025 baseline scenario with no material updates made, over a two year reasonable and supportable period with straight-line reversion to the historical losses over the second year of the period. See Note 1 for the Corporation's accounting policy on the ACLL. The allowance for unfunded commitments is maintained at a level believed by management to be sufficient to absorb expected lifetime losses related to unfunded credit facilities (including unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit). See Note 15 for additional information on the change in the allowance for unfunded commitments.

The following table presents a summary of the changes in the ACLL by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2025:


(in thousands)	Dec 31, 2024		Charge Offs		Recoveries		Net Charge Offs		Provision for Credit Losses		Dec 31, 2025		ACLL / Loans
Allowance for loan losses

Commercial and industrial	$	136,596	$	(14,615)	$	8,357	$	(6,258)	$	38,298	$	168,636
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	9,417		(113)		—		(113)		2,023		11,327
Commercial and business lending	146,013		(14,728)		8,357		(6,371)		40,321		179,963
Commercial real estate — investor	71,547		(21,206)		2,985		(18,221)		4,917		58,243
Real estate construction	51,499		—		154		154		(5,058)		46,595
Commercial real estate lending	123,046		(21,206)		3,139		(18,067)		(141)		104,838
Total commercial	269,060		(35,934)		11,496		(24,438)		40,180		284,801
Residential mortgage	32,576		(1,148)		615		(533)		1,601		33,644
Auto finance	28,467		(8,752)		3,029		(5,723)		4,726		27,470
Home equity	16,620		(416)		999		583		(860)		16,343
Other consumer	16,823		(8,703)		1,837		(6,866)		5,853		15,810
Total consumer	94,486		(19,019)		6,480		(12,539)		11,320		93,267
Total loans	$	363,545	$	(54,953)	$	17,976	$	(36,977)	$	51,500	$	378,068
Allowance for credit losses on loans


Commercial and industrial	$	14,456	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4,242	$	18,698
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	151		—		—		—		(19)		132
Commercial and business lending	14,607		—		—		—		4,223		18,830
Commercial real estate — investor	578		—		—		—		(79)		499
Real estate construction	19,591		—		—		—		(1,644)		17,947
Commercial real estate lending	20,169		—		—		—		(1,723)		18,446
Total commercial	34,776		—		—		—		2,500		37,276


Home equity	2,465		—		—		—		(59)		2,406
Other consumer	1,535		—		—		—		59		1,594
Total consumer	4,000		—		—		—		—		4,000
Total loans	$	38,776	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,500	$	41,276
Allowance for credit losses on loans

Commercial and industrial	$	151,052	$	(14,615)	$	8,357	$	(6,258)	$	42,540	$	187,334	1.59	%
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	9,568		(113)		—		(113)		2,004		11,459		0.97	%
Commercial and business lending	160,620		(14,728)		8,357		(6,371)		44,544		198,793		1.53	%
Commercial real estate — investor	72,125		(21,206)		2,985		(18,221)		4,838		58,742		1.12	%
Real estate construction	71,090		—		154		154		(6,702)		64,542		3.24	%
Commercial real estate lending	143,215		(21,206)		3,139		(18,067)		(1,864)		123,284		1.70	%
Total commercial	303,835		(35,934)		11,496		(24,438)		42,680		322,077		1.59	%
Residential mortgage	32,576		(1,148)		615		(533)		1,601		33,644		0.50	%
Auto finance	28,467		(8,752)		3,029		(5,723)		4,726		27,470		0.88	%
Home equity	19,085		(416)		999		583		(919)		18,749		2.63	%
Other consumer	18,358		(8,703)		1,837		(6,866)		5,912		17,404		5.39	%
Total consumer	98,486		(19,019)		6,480		(12,539)		11,320		97,267		0.89	%
Total loans	$	402,322	$	(54,953)	$	17,976	$	(36,977)	$	54,000	$	419,344	1.35	%

The following table presents a summary of the changes in the ACLL by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2024:


($ in thousands)	Dec 31, 2023		Charge Offs		Recoveries		Net Charge Offs		Provision for Credit Losses		Dec 31, 2024		ACLL / Loans
Allowance for loan losses

Commercial and industrial	$	128,263	$	(47,517)	$	2,148	$	(45,369)	$	53,703	$	136,596
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	10,610		(3)		7		4		(1,198)		9,417
Commercial and business lending	138,873		(47,520)		2,155		(45,365)		52,505		146,013
Commercial real estate — investor	67,858		(11,187)		—		(11,187)		14,876		71,547
Real estate construction	53,554		—		65		65		(2,119)		51,499
Commercial real estate lending	121,412		(11,187)		65		(11,122)		12,756		123,046
Total commercial	260,285		(58,707)		2,220		(56,487)		65,262		269,060
Residential mortgage	37,808		(1,029)		280		(750)		(4,483)		32,576
Auto finance	24,961		(9,541)		2,905		(6,637)		10,142		28,467
Home equity	15,403		(216)		1,366		1,150		67		16,620
Other consumer	12,638		(6,922)		1,096		(5,826)		10,012		16,823
Total consumer	90,809		(17,709)		5,647		(12,062)		15,738		94,486
Total loans	$	351,094	$	(76,415)	$	7,867	$	(68,549)	$	81,000	$	363,545
Allowance for unfunded commitments


Commercial and industrial	$	13,319	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,137	$	14,456
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	149		—		—		—		2		151
Commercial and business lending	13,468		—		—		—		1,139		14,607
Commercial real estate — investor	480		—		—		—		98		578
Real estate construction	17,024		—		—		—		2,567		19,591
Commercial real estate lending	17,504		—		—		—		2,664		20,169
Total commercial	30,972		—		—		—		3,803		34,776


Home equity	2,629		—		—		—		(164)		2,465
Other consumer	1,174		—		—		—		361		1,535
Total consumer	3,803		—		—		—		197		4,000
Total loans	$	34,776	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4,000	$	38,776
Allowance for credit losses on loans

Commercial and industrial	$	141,582	$	(47,517)	$	2,148	$	(45,369)	$	54,840	$	151,052	1.43	%
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	10,759		(3)		7		4		(1,196)		9,568		0.84	%
Commercial and business lending	152,341		(47,520)		2,155		(45,365)		53,644		160,620		1.37	%
Commercial real estate — investor	68,338		(11,187)		—		(11,187)		14,973		72,125		1.38	%
Real estate construction	70,578		—		65		65		447		71,090		3.59	%
Commercial real estate lending	138,916		(11,187)		65		(11,122)		15,421		143,215		1.99	%
Total commercial	291,257		(58,707)		2,220		(56,487)		69,065		303,835		1.61	%
Residential mortgage	37,808		(1,029)		280		(750)		(4,483)		32,576		0.46	%
Auto finance	24,961		(9,541)		2,905		(6,637)		10,142		28,467		1.01	%
Home equity	18,032		(216)		1,366		1,150		(97)		19,085		2.87	%
Other consumer	13,812		(6,922)		1,096		(5,826)		10,373		18,358		5.76	%
Total consumer	94,613		(17,709)		5,647		(12,062)		15,935		98,486		0.91	%
Total loans	$	385,870	$	(76,415)	$	7,867	$	(68,549)	$	85,000	$	402,322	1.35	%