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Loans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Schedule of Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Table Text Block]

The period end loan composition was as follows:


($ in thousands)	Dec 31, 2024		Dec 31, 2023

Commercial and industrial	$	10,573,741	$	9,731,555
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	1,143,741		1,061,700
Commercial and business lending	11,717,483		10,793,255
Commercial real estate - investor	5,227,975		5,124,245
Real estate construction	1,982,632		2,271,398
Commercial real estate lending	7,210,607		7,395,644
Total commercial	18,928,090		18,188,898
Residential mortgage	7,047,541		7,864,891
Auto finance	2,810,220		2,256,162
Home equity	664,252		628,526
Other consumer	318,483		277,740
Total consumer	10,840,496		11,027,319
Total loans	$	29,768,586	$	29,216,218

The Corporation has granted loans to its directors, executive officers, or their related interests. These loans were made on substantially the same terms, including rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other unrelated customers, and do not involve more than a normal risk of collection. These loans to related parties are summarized below:


($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Balance at beginning of year	$	5,406	$	3,376
New loans	17,395		2,564
Repayments	(2,359)		(253)
Change due to status of executive officers and directors	838		(280)
Balance at end of year	$	21,280	$	5,406

Financing Receivable Credit Quality Indicators [Table Text Block]

The following table presents loans by credit quality indicator by origination year at December 31, 2024:


					Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
($ in thousands)	Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)		Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Total







Commercial and industrial:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	248	$	1,841,790	$	2,656,953	$	1,514,277	$	2,254,758	$	1,080,180	$	263,286	$	510,301	$	10,121,545
Special mention	—		48,829		4,037		4,810		63,390		6,984		515		48		128,613
Substandard	2,015		40,240		90,240		9,677		34,730		126,134		3,347		131		304,500
Nonaccrual	42		—		772		4,468		12,988		855		—		—		19,084
Commercial and industrial	$	2,306	$	1,930,860	$	2,752,002	$	1,533,233	$	2,365,866	$	1,214,154	$	267,148	$	510,480	$	10,573,741
Commercial real estate - owner occupied:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	13,760	$	228,913	$	175,059	$	180,132	$	214,237	$	114,064	$	181,982	$	1,108,147
Special mention	—		—		—		497		—		8,619		—		2,803		11,920
Substandard	—		943		2,532		10,009		1,492		701		3,371		3,125		22,173
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		1,501		—		—		—		—		1,501
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	$	—	$	14,703	$	231,446	$	187,066	$	181,625	$	223,557	$	117,435	$	187,911	$	1,143,741
Commercial and business lending:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	248	$	1,855,550	$	2,885,866	$	1,689,336	$	2,434,891	$	1,294,416	$	377,350	$	692,283	$	11,229,693
Special mention	—		48,829		4,037		5,307		63,390		15,604		515		2,852		140,532
Substandard	2,015		41,183		92,772		19,686		36,222		126,835		6,719		3,255		326,673
Nonaccrual	42		—		772		5,969		12,988		855		—		—		20,585
Commercial and business lending	$	2,306	$	1,945,563	$	2,983,447	$	1,720,298	$	2,547,491	$	1,437,710	$	384,583	$	698,390	$	11,717,483
Commercial real estate - investor:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	190,451	$	1,334,740	$	725,652	$	1,179,867	$	723,994	$	321,084	$	363,288	$	4,839,076
Special mention	—		—		69,014		6,385		30,672		12,312		6,870		10,366		135,618
Substandard	—		—		69,385		53,022		93,151		10,724		384		9,910		236,576
Nonaccrual	—		—		11,949		—		—		4,757		—		—		16,705
Commercial real estate - investor	$	—	$	190,451	$	1,485,088	$	785,058	$	1,303,690	$	751,786	$	328,338	$	383,563	$	5,227,975
Real estate construction:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	30,090	$	278,754	$	390,845	$	807,347	$	142,137	$	25,654	$	7,260	$	1,682,086
Special mention	—		—		19,419		—		96,442		—		—		—		115,862
Substandard	—		—		28,241		6,000		105,660		44,754		—		—		184,654
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		30		30
Real estate construction	$	—	$	30,090	$	326,414	$	396,845	$	1,009,450	$	186,890	$	25,654	$	7,289	$	1,982,632
Commercial real estate lending:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	220,541	$	1,613,494	$	1,116,496	$	1,987,215	$	866,130	$	346,738	$	370,548	$	6,521,163
Special mention	—		—		88,433		6,385		127,114		12,312		6,870		10,366		251,480
Substandard	—		—		97,626		59,022		198,811		55,477		384		9,910		421,230
Nonaccrual	—		—		11,949		—		—		4,757		—		30		16,735
Commercial real estate lending	$	—	$	220,541	$	1,811,502	$	1,181,903	$	2,313,140	$	938,677	$	353,992	$	390,853	$	7,210,607
Total commercial:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	248	$	2,076,092	$	4,499,360	$	2,805,832	$	4,422,105	$	2,160,547	$	724,088	$	1,062,831	$	17,750,855
Special mention	—		48,829		92,469		11,692		190,504		27,916		7,385		13,217		392,012
Substandard	2,015		41,183		190,399		78,708		235,033		182,313		7,103		13,165		747,903
Nonaccrual	42		—		12,721		5,969		12,988		5,612		—		30		37,320
Total commercial	$	2,306	$	2,166,104	$	4,794,949	$	2,902,201	$	4,860,631	$	2,376,387	$	738,576	$	1,089,243	$	18,928,090


					Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
($ in thousands)	Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)		Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Total
Residential mortgage:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	172,607	$	507,186	$	1,579,182	$	1,643,341	$	1,195,752	$	1,878,251	$	6,976,319
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		162		162
Substandard	—		—		594		327		77		—		—		24		1,022
Nonaccrual	—		—		2,338		2,134		11,420		10,141		8,297		35,708		70,038
Residential mortgage	$	—	$	—	$	175,539	$	509,647	$	1,590,679	$	1,653,482	$	1,204,049	$	1,914,144	$	7,047,541
Auto finance:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	1,241,609	$	858,924	$	650,880	$	48,999	$	67	$	77	$	2,800,555
Special mention	—		—		332		704		1,048		178		—		—		2,262

Nonaccrual	—		—		491		2,162		4,284		466		—		—		7,402
Auto finance	$	—	$	—	$	1,242,431	$	861,790	$	656,212	$	49,643	$	67	$	77	$	2,810,220
Home equity:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	8,764	$	569,866	$	411	$	1,684	$	25,372	$	5,289	$	1,965	$	50,841	$	655,429
Special mention	127		81		41		—		—		—		—		323		445

Nonaccrual	1,677		104		15		103		933		231		215		6,778		8,378
Home equity	$	10,568	$	570,051	$	467	$	1,788	$	26,305	$	5,520	$	2,180	$	57,941	$	664,252
Other consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	308	$	241,230	$	14,343	$	4,808	$	2,475	$	1,440	$	584	$	49,886	$	314,767
Special mention	—		1,125		8		—		36		7		—		—		1,176
Substandard	—		2,418		—		—		—		—		—		—		2,418
Nonaccrual	2		81		5		21		7		4		—		4		122
Other consumer	$	310	$	244,855	$	14,356	$	4,829	$	2,518	$	1,451	$	584	$	49,891	$	318,483







Total consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	9,071	$	811,096	$	1,428,969	$	1,372,603	$	2,257,910	$	1,699,069	$	1,198,368	$	1,979,055	$	10,747,070
Special mention	127		1,207		381		704		1,083		185		—		484		4,045
Substandard	—		2,418		594		327		77		—		—		24		3,440
Nonaccrual	1,679		185		2,849		4,420		16,644		10,842		8,512		42,490		85,941
Total consumer	$	10,878	$	814,906	$	1,432,794	$	1,378,053	$	2,275,714	$	1,710,096	$	1,206,880	$	2,022,053	$	10,840,496
Total loans:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	9,320	$	2,887,188	$	5,928,329	$	4,178,435	$	6,680,015	$	3,859,616	$	1,922,456	$	3,041,886	$	28,497,925
Special mention	127		50,036		92,851		12,396		191,587		28,101		7,385		13,701		396,057
Substandard	2,015		43,602		190,993		79,035		235,110		182,313		7,103		13,189		751,344
Nonaccrual	1,721		185		15,570		10,389		29,632		16,453		8,512		42,519		123,260
Total loans	$	13,183	$	2,981,010	$	6,227,743	$	4,280,254	$	7,136,344	$	4,086,483	$	1,945,455	$	3,111,296	$	29,768,586

(a) Revolving loans converted to term loans are those converted during the reporting period and are also reported in their year of origination.

The following table presents loans by credit quality indicator by origination year at December 31, 2023:


					Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
($ in thousands)	Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)		Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total
Commercial and industrial:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	1,380	$	1,693,249	$	1,736,617	$	2,877,173	$	1,824,362	$	398,046	$	383,695	$	449,006	$	9,362,149
Special mention	—		21,779		4,017		46,610		8,525		3,529		—		25,341		109,801
Substandard	804		81,924		10,515		39,748		47,279		17,732		94		291		197,582
Nonaccrual	6,414		—		13,317		14,188		33,891		627		—		—		62,022
Commercial and industrial	$	8,598	$	1,796,951	$	1,764,466	$	2,977,719	$	1,914,057	$	419,934	$	383,789	$	474,638	$	9,731,555
Commercial real estate - owner occupied:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	15,393	$	204,039	$	188,003	$	239,218	$	136,535	$	135,730	$	92,339	$	1,011,259
Special mention	—		271		—		—		6,150		2,635		—		1,293		10,349
Substandard	—		292		14,735		2,791		6,416		8,537		3,086		2,841		38,699
Nonaccrual	—		—		1,394		—		—		—		—		—		1,394
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	$	—	$	15,957	$	220,168	$	190,794	$	251,783	$	147,708	$	138,816	$	96,473	$	1,061,700
Commercial and business lending:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	1,380	$	1,708,642	$	1,940,657	$	3,065,177	$	2,063,580	$	534,581	$	519,426	$	541,345	$	10,373,408
Special mention	—		22,050		4,017		46,610		14,675		6,164		—		26,634		120,150
Substandard	804		82,216		25,250		42,539		53,695		26,269		3,180		3,132		236,281
Nonaccrual	6,414		—		14,710		14,188		33,891		627		—		—		63,416
Commercial and business lending	$	8,598	$	1,812,909	$	1,984,635	$	3,168,514	$	2,165,840	$	567,642	$	522,606	$	571,111	$	10,793,255
Commercial real estate - investor:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	155,109	$	1,263,866	$	1,247,434	$	1,080,425	$	471,371	$	358,996	$	239,230	$	4,816,433
Special mention	—		502		4,248		25,474		26,208		—		29,772		6,014		92,218
Substandard	—		—		106,002		69,584		15,000		983		—		24,025		215,595

Commercial real estate - investor	$	—	$	155,611	$	1,374,116	$	1,342,492	$	1,121,633	$	472,355	$	388,768	$	269,269	$	5,124,245
Real estate construction:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	23,307	$	422,277	$	1,176,608	$	547,825	$	87,680	$	5,740	$	7,954	$	2,271,392


Nonaccrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		6		6
Real estate construction	$	—	$	23,307	$	422,277	$	1,176,608	$	547,825	$	87,680	$	5,740	$	7,960	$	2,271,398
Commercial real estate lending:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	178,416	$	1,686,143	$	2,424,042	$	1,628,250	$	559,052	$	364,737	$	247,184	$	7,087,824
Special mention	—		502		4,248		25,474		26,208		—		29,772		6,014		92,218
Substandard	—		—		106,002		69,584		15,000		983		—		24,025		215,595
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		6		6
Commercial real estate lending	$	—	$	178,918	$	1,796,393	$	2,519,100	$	1,669,458	$	560,035	$	394,508	$	277,230	$	7,395,644
Total commercial:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	1,380	$	1,887,058	$	3,626,800	$	5,489,219	$	3,691,830	$	1,093,633	$	884,162	$	788,529	$	17,461,232
Special mention	—		22,552		8,265		72,084		40,882		6,164		29,772		32,648		212,368
Substandard	804		82,216		131,253		112,123		68,695		27,253		3,180		27,157		451,876
Nonaccrual	6,414		—		14,710		14,188		33,891		627		—		6		63,422
Total commercial	$	8,598	$	1,991,827	$	3,781,028	$	5,687,614	$	3,835,298	$	1,127,677	$	917,114	$	848,341	$	18,188,898


					Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
($ in thousands)	Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)		Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total
Residential mortgage:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	352,321	$	1,617,409	$	2,110,577	$	1,414,186	$	647,778	$	1,650,542	$	7,792,813
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		95		57		152
Substandard	—		—		490		93		—		—		174		26		784
Nonaccrual	—		—		1,425		9,567		9,259		10,397		6,628		33,865		71,142
Residential mortgage	$	—	$	—	$	354,236	$	1,627,070	$	2,119,836	$	1,424,583	$	654,675	$	1,684,490	$	7,864,891
Auto finance:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	1,218,820	$	952,839	$	75,209	$	163	$	456	$	132	$	2,247,618
Special mention	—		—		619		1,850		205		—		—		—		2,674
Substandard	—		—		—		73		—		—		—		—		73
Nonaccrual	—		—		1,032		4,332		430		—		3		—		5,797
Auto finance	$	—	$	—	$	1,220,471	$	959,094	$	75,844	$	163	$	458	$	132	$	2,256,162
Home equity:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	8,703	$	521,000	$	1,678	$	29,863	$	6,084	$	2,327	$	4,891	$	53,350	$	619,192
Special mention	179		200		—		87		—		29		15		378		708
Substandard	10		75		10		—		—		—		33		—		118
Nonaccrual	1,302		160		29		495		132		144		368		7,180		8,508
Home equity	$	10,195	$	521,434	$	1,717	$	30,445	$	6,217	$	2,500	$	5,308	$	60,907	$	628,526
Other consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	121	$	196,632	$	6,419	$	3,732	$	2,658	$	1,127	$	460	$	64,121	$	275,149
Special mention	26		843		9		—		3		20		—		6		881
Substandard	—		1,582		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,582
Nonaccrual	27		71		10		1		6		2		8		29		128
Other consumer	$	174	$	199,129	$	6,438	$	3,733	$	2,668	$	1,149	$	468	$	64,156	$	277,740
Total consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	8,824	$	717,632	$	1,579,238	$	2,603,843	$	2,194,529	$	1,417,802	$	653,584	$	1,768,145	$	10,934,773
Special mention	205		1,043		628		1,936		208		49		110		441		4,416
Substandard	10		1,656		500		166		—		—		207		26		2,556
Nonaccrual	1,330		231		2,496		14,396		9,827		10,544		7,007		41,073		85,574
Total consumer	$	10,369	$	720,563	$	1,582,862	$	2,620,341	$	2,204,564	$	1,428,395	$	660,909	$	1,809,685	$	11,027,319
Total loans:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	10,204	$	2,604,690	$	5,206,038	$	8,093,062	$	5,886,359	$	2,511,435	$	1,537,747	$	2,556,674	$	28,396,005
Special mention	205		23,595		8,893		74,020		41,091		6,213		29,882		33,089		216,784
Substandard	814		83,872		131,753		112,289		68,695		27,253		3,387		27,183		454,432
Nonaccrual	7,744		231		17,206		28,584		43,718		11,170		7,007		41,080		148,997
Total loans	$	18,966	$	2,712,389	$	5,363,890	$	8,307,956	$	6,039,862	$	2,556,071	$	1,578,023	$	2,658,026	$	29,216,218

(a) Revolving loans converted to term loans are those converted during the reporting period and are also reported in their year of origination.

The following table presents gross charge offs by origination year at December 31, 2024:


			Gross Charge Offs by Origination Year
($ in thousands)	Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	4,433	$	128	$	11,484	$	8,510	$	22,959	$	3	$	—	$	47,517
Commercial real estate-owner occupied	—		—		—		—		—		—		3		3
Commercial and business lending	4,433		128		11,484		8,510		22,959		3		3		47,520
Commercial real estate-investor	—		6,617		1		—		4,569		—		—		11,187
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate lending	—		6,617		1		—		4,569		—		—		11,187
Total commercial	4,433		6,745		11,485		8,510		27,528		3		3		58,707
Residential mortgage	—		—		134		125		101		153		515		1,029
Auto finance	—		418		2,982		5,582		560		—		—		9,541
Home equity	93		—		—		9		19		10		85		216
Other consumer	6,555		20		96		75		75		42		59		6,922
Total consumer	6,649		438		3,212		5,790		755		205		659		17,709
Total gross charge offs	$	11,082	$	7,183	$	14,697	$	14,300	$	28,283	$	209	$	662	$	76,415

The following table presents gross charge offs by origination year at December 31, 2023:


			Gross Charge Offs by Origination Year
($ in thousands)	Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	4,130	$	717	$	9,594	$	25,270	$	5,958	$	—	$	18	$	45,687
Commercial real estate-owner occupied	—		—		—		—		—		25		—		25
Commercial and business lending	4,130		717		9,594		25,270		5,958		25		18		45,713
Commercial real estate-investor	—		—		—		—		—		—		252		252
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—		—		25		25
Commercial real estate lending	—		—		—		—		—		—		277		277
Total commercial	4,130		717		9,594		25,270		5,958		25		295		45,989
Residential mortgage	—		2		32		42		148		5		723		952
Auto finance	—		795		4,524		626		—		5		—		5,950
Home equity	53		21		3		31		—		22		294		424
Other consumer	4,884		—		72		124		131		72		170		5,453
Total consumer	4,937		818		4,630		823		279		105		1,187		12,779
Total gross charge offs	$	9,068	$	1,535	$	14,224	$	26,093	$	6,237	$	130	$	1,482	$	58,768

Financing Receivable, Past Due [Table Text Block]

The following table presents loans by past due status at December 31, 2024:


	Accruing
($ in thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due		Nonaccrual(a)(b)		Total

Commercial and industrial	$	10,552,756	$	899	$	361	$	642	$	19,084	$	10,573,741
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	1,140,607		1,533		101		—		1,501		1,143,741
Commercial and business lending	11,693,363		2,432		462		642		20,585		11,717,483
Commercial real estate - investor	5,174,879		5,117		31,274		—		16,705		5,227,975
Real estate construction	1,982,581		21		—		—		30		1,982,632
Commercial real estate lending	7,157,460		5,138		31,274		—		16,735		7,210,607
Total commercial	18,850,823		7,570		31,736		642		37,320		18,928,090
Residential mortgage	6,962,610		14,731		162		—		70,038		7,047,541
Auto finance	2,787,967		12,588		2,262		—		7,402		2,810,220
Home equity	651,248		4,181		445		—		8,378		664,252
Other consumer	312,687		1,892		1,236		2,547		122		318,483
Total consumer	10,714,512		33,391		4,105		2,547		85,941		10,840,496
Total loans	$	29,565,335	$	40,961	$	35,841	$	3,189	$	123,260	$	29,768,586

(a) Of the total nonaccrual loans, $52 million, or 42%, were current with respect to payment at December 31, 2024.

(b) No interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans for the year ended December 31, 2024. In addition, there were $24 million of nonaccrual loans for which there was no related ACLL at December 31, 2024.

The following table presents loans by past due status at December 31, 2023:


	Accruing
($ in thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due		Nonaccrual(a)(b)		Total

Commercial and industrial	$	9,663,587	$	5,374	$	191	$	380	$	62,022	$	9,731,555
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	1,059,948		—		358		—		1,394		1,061,700
Commercial and business lending	10,723,536		5,374		549		380		63,416		10,793,255
Commercial real estate - investor	5,086,117		—		18,697		19,432		—		5,124,245
Real estate construction	2,271,392		—		—		—		6		2,271,398
Commercial real estate lending	7,357,509		—		18,697		19,432		6		7,395,644
Total commercial	18,081,044		5,374		19,246		19,812		63,422		18,188,898
Residential mortgage	7,780,304		13,294		152		—		71,142		7,864,891
Auto finance	2,232,906		14,712		2,674		73		5,797		2,256,162
Home equity	615,810		3,500		708		—		8,508		628,526
Other consumer	273,644		1,233		932		1,803		128		277,740
Total consumer	10,902,664		32,739		4,467		1,876		85,574		11,027,319
Total loans	$	28,983,708	$	38,113	$	23,712	$	21,689	$	148,997	$	29,216,218

(a) Of the total nonaccrual loans, $80 million, or 53%, were current with respect to payment at December 31, 2023.

(b) No interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans for the year ended December 31, 2023. In addition, there were $23 million of nonaccrual loans for which there was no related ACLL at December 31, 2023.

Financing Receivable, Modified [Table Text Block]

The following tables show the composition of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by the loan portfolio and type of concessions granted. Each of the types of concessions granted comprised less than 1% of their respective classes of loan portfolios at both December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.


		Interest Rate Concession
		Amortized Cost
	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)		2024		2023
Commercial and industrial		$	475	$	306
Residential mortgage		295		—
Auto finance		10		255
Home equity		—		77
Other consumer		2,239		1,449
Total loans modified		$	3,019	$	2,087


		Term Extension
		Amortized Cost
	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)		2024		2023

Residential mortgage		$	—	$	208
Home equity		—		25

Total loans modified		$	—	$	233


		Combination - Interest Rate Concession and Term Extension
		Amortized Cost
	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)		2024		2023

Residential mortgage		$	2,849	$	865
Home equity		244		339

Total loans modified		$	3,093	$	1,204

The following tables summarize, by loan portfolio, the financial effect of the Corporation's loan modifications on the modified loans:


		Interest Rate Concession
		Financial Effect, Weighted Average Contractual Interest Rate (Decrease) Increase(a)
	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
Loan Type		2024		2023
Commercial and industrial		(18)	%	(19)	%
Residential mortgage		2	%	1	%
Auto finance		(7)	%	(9)	%
Home equity		(3)	%	—	%
Other consumer		(21)	%	(21)	%
Weighted average of total loans modified		(8)	%	(11)	%

(a) Due to market conditions, some interest rate concessions on floating rate loans may involve an increase in rate that was lower in comparison to the rate of increase for floating rate loans not modified.

Term Extension

Financial Effect, Weighted Average Term Increase(a)

Twelve Months Ended December 31,

Loan Type

2024

2023

Residential mortgage

108 months

65 months

Home equity

63 months

85 months

Weighted average of total loans modified

105 months

71 months

(a) During the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, term extensions changed the weighted average term on modified loans from 282 to 386 months and 175 to 245 months, respectively.

Financing Receivable, Modified, Past Due [Table Text Block]

The following table depicts the performance of loans that have been modified in the twelve months ended December 31, 2024:


	Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis)
($ in thousands)	Current		30-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due
Commercial and industrial	$	475	$	—	$	—
Residential mortgage	2,355		453		336
Auto finance	5		3		2
Home equity	244		—		—
Other consumer	2,239		—		—
Total loans modified	$	5,318	$	456	$	338

The following table depicts the performance of loans that have been modified in the twelve months ended December 31, 2023:


	Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis)
($ in thousands)	Current		30-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due
Commercial and industrial	$	306	$	—	$	—
Residential mortgage	773		56		245
Auto finance	218		36		—
Home equity	310		123		9
Other consumer	1,449		—		—
Total loans modified	$	3,056	$	215	$	253

Loans, Modified, Subsequent Default

The following table provides the amortized cost of loan modifications by loan portfolio and type of concession that were modified in the previous twelve months and subsequently had a payment default, as of December 31, 2024:


	Amortized Cost of Loan Modifications that Subsequently Defaulted
($ in thousands)	Interest Rate Concession		Term Extension		Combination Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension
Residential mortgage	$	—	$	—	$	151
Auto finance	2		—		—
Home equity	—		—		186
Total loans modified	$	2	$	—	$	337


	Amortized Cost of Loan Modifications that Subsequently Defaulted
($ in thousands)	Interest Rate Concession		Term Extension		Combination Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension
Residential mortgage	$	—	$	208	$	248
Home equity	—		—		27
Total loans modified	$	—	$	208	$	275

Loans, TDR, Summary

The following table provides the number of loans modified in a TDR by loan portfolio, the recorded investment, and unpaid principal balance at December 31, 2022, prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02:


($ in thousands)	Number of Loans	Recorded Investment(a)		Unpaid Principal Balance(b)
Commercial and industrial	2	$	281	$	281



Residential mortgage	55	10,557		10,777
Home equity	15	531		557


Total loans modified	72	$	11,370	$	11,616

(a) Represents post-modification outstanding recorded investment.

(b) Represents pre-modification outstanding recorded investment.

Loans, TDR, Subsequent Default

The following table provides the number of loans modified during the previous twelve months which subsequently defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2022, and the recorded investment in these restructured loans at the time of default as of December 31, 2022, prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02:


($ in thousands)	Number of Loans	Recorded Investment




Residential mortgage	4	$	1,178

Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Table Text Block]

The following table presents a summary of the changes in the ACLL by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2024:


($ in thousands)	Dec 31, 2023		Charge Offs		Recoveries		Net Charge Offs		Provision for Credit Losses		Dec 31, 2024		ACLL / Loans
Allowance for loan losses

Commercial and industrial	$	128,263	$	(47,517)	$	2,148	$	(45,369)	$	53,703	$	136,596
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	10,610		(3)		7		4		(1,198)		9,417
Commercial and business lending	138,873		(47,520)		2,155		(45,365)		52,505		146,013
Commercial real estate — investor	67,858		(11,187)		—		(11,187)		14,876		71,547
Real estate construction	53,554		—		65		65		(2,119)		51,499
Commercial real estate lending	121,412		(11,187)		65		(11,122)		12,756		123,046
Total commercial	260,285		(58,707)		2,220		(56,487)		65,262		269,060
Residential mortgage	37,808		(1,029)		280		(750)		(4,483)		32,576
Auto finance	24,961		(9,541)		2,905		(6,637)		10,142		28,467
Home equity	15,403		(216)		1,366		1,150		67		16,620
Other consumer	12,638		(6,922)		1,096		(5,826)		10,012		16,824
Total consumer	90,809		(17,709)		5,647		(12,062)		15,738		94,486
Total loans	$	351,094	$	(76,415)	$	7,867	$	(68,549)	$	81,000	$	363,545
Allowance for unfunded commitments


Commercial and industrial	$	13,319	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,137	$	14,456
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	149		—		—		—		2		151
Commercial and business lending	13,468		—		—		—		1,139		14,607
Commercial real estate — investor	480		—		—		—		98		578
Real estate construction	17,024		—		—		—		2,567		19,591
Commercial real estate lending	17,504		—		—		—		2,664		20,169
Total commercial	30,972		—		—		—		3,803		34,776

Home equity	2,629		—		—		—		(164)		2,465
Other consumer	1,174		—		—		—		361		1,535

Total consumer	3,803		—		—		—		197		4,000
Total loans	$	34,776	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4,000	$	38,776
Allowance for credit losses on loans

Commercial and industrial	$	141,582	$	(47,517)	$	2,148	$	(45,369)	$	54,840	$	151,052	1.43	%
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	10,759		(3)		7		4		(1,196)		9,568		0.84	%
Commercial and business lending	152,341		(47,520)		2,155		(45,365)		53,644		160,620		1.37	%
Commercial real estate — investor	68,338		(11,187)		—		(11,187)		14,973		72,125		1.38	%
Real estate construction	70,578		—		65		65		447		71,090		3.59	%
Commercial real estate lending	138,916		(11,187)		65		(11,122)		15,421		143,215		1.99	%
Total commercial	291,257		(58,707)		2,220		(56,487)		69,065		303,835		1.61	%
Residential mortgage	37,808		(1,029)		280		(750)		(4,483)		32,576		0.46	%
Auto finance	24,961		(9,541)		2,905		(6,637)		10,142		28,467		1.01	%
Home equity	18,032		(216)		1,366		1,150		(97)		19,085		2.87	%
Other consumer	13,812		(6,922)		1,096		(5,826)		10,373		18,359		5.76	%
Total consumer	94,613		(17,709)		5,647		(12,062)		15,935		98,486		0.91	%
Total loans	$	385,870	$	(76,415)	$	7,867	$	(68,549)	$	85,000	$	402,322	1.35	%

The following table presents a summary of the changes in the ACLL by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2023:


($ in thousands)	Dec 31, 2022		Charge Offs		Recoveries		Net Charge Offs		Provision for Credit Losses		Dec 31, 2023		ACLL / Loans
Allowance for loan losses

Commercial and industrial	$	119,076	$	(45,687)	$	3,015	$	(42,672)	$	51,859	$	128,263
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	9,475		(25)		11		(15)		1,150		10,610
Commercial and business lending	128,551		(45,713)		3,026		(42,687)		53,009		138,873
Commercial real estate — investor	54,398		(252)		3,016		2,763		10,697		67,858
Real estate construction	45,589		(25)		80		55		7,910		53,554
Commercial real estate lending	99,986		(277)		3,095		2,819		18,607		121,412
Total commercial	228,538		(45,989)		6,121		(39,868)		71,616		260,285
Residential mortgage	38,298		(952)		541		(411)		(79)		37,808
Auto finance	19,619		(5,950)		1,241		(4,709)		10,051		24,961
Home equity	14,875		(424)		1,262		837		(310)		15,403
Other consumer	11,390		(5,453)		978		(4,475)		5,723		12,638
Total consumer	84,182		(12,779)		4,021		(8,758)		15,384		90,809
Total loans	$	312,720	$	(58,768)	$	10,142	$	(48,626)	$	87,000	$	351,094
Allowance for unfunded commitments


Commercial and industrial	$	12,997	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	321	$	13,319
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	103		—		—		—		46		149
Commercial and business lending	13,101		—		—		—		367		13,468
Commercial real estate — investor	710		—		—		—		(230)		480
Real estate construction	20,583		—		—		—		(3,558)		17,024
Commercial real estate lending	21,292		—		—		—		(3,788)		17,504
Total commercial	34,393		—		—		—		(3,421)		30,972


Home equity	2,699		—		—		—		(70)		2,629
Other consumer	1,683		—		—		—		(509)		1,174
Total consumer	4,382		—		—		—		(579)		3,803
Total loans	$	38,776	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(4,000)	$	34,776
Allowance for credit losses on loans

Commercial and industrial	$	132,073	$	(45,687)	$	3,015	$	(42,672)	$	52,181	$	141,582	1.45	%
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	9,579		(25)		11		(15)		1,195		10,759		1.01	%
Commercial and business lending	141,652		(45,713)		3,026		(42,687)		53,376		152,341		1.41	%
Commercial real estate — investor	55,108		(252)		3,016		2,763		10,467		68,338		1.33	%
Real estate construction	66,171		(25)		80		55		4,351		70,578		3.11	%
Commercial real estate lending	121,279		(277)		3,095		2,819		14,819		138,916		1.88	%
Total commercial	262,931		(45,989)		6,121		(39,868)		68,195		291,257		1.60	%
Residential mortgage	38,298		(952)		541		(411)		(79)		37,808		0.48	%
Auto finance	19,619		(5,950)		1,241		(4,709)		10,051		24,961		1.11	%
Home equity	17,574		(424)		1,262		837		(380)		18,032		2.87	%
Other consumer	13,073		(5,453)		978		(4,475)		5,214		13,812		4.97	%
Total consumer	88,565		(12,779)		4,021		(8,758)		14,805		94,613		0.86	%
Total loans	$	351,496	$	(58,768)	$	10,142	$	(48,626)	$	83,000	$	385,870	1.32	%