UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: June 30, 2023

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from             to

Commission file number: 001-31343

Associated Banc-Corp

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Wisconsin	39-1098068
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

433 Main Street
Green Bay,	Wisconsin	54301
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(920) 491-7500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(not applicable)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share	ASB	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shrs, each representing 1/40th intrst in a shr of 5.875% Non-Cum. Perp Pref Stock, Srs E	ASB PrE	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shrs, each representing 1/40th intrst in a shr of 5.625% Non-Cum. Perp Pref Stock, Srs F	ASB PrF	New York Stock Exchange
6.625% Fixed-Rate Reset Subordinated Notes due 2033	ASBA	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes  ☑        No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes  ☑        No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☑	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes  ☐        No  ☑

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

The number of shares outstanding of registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, at July 24, 2023 was 150,921,090.

1

ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP

Table of Contents

		Page
PART I. Financial Information
	Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited):	5
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	5
	Consolidated Statements of Income	6
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	7
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity	8
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	10
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	12
	Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	48
	Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	73
	Item 4. Controls and Procedures	74
PART II. Other Information
	Item 1. Legal Proceedings	75
	Item 1A. Risk Factors	75
	Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	75
	Item 5. Other Information	76
	Item 6. Exhibits	77
	Signatures	78

2

ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP

Commonly Used Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Defined Terms

The following listing provides a reference of common acronyms and abbreviations used throughout the document:

ACLL	Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
AFS	Available for Sale
ALCO	Asset / Liability Committee
ASU	Accounting Standards Update
the Bank	Associated Bank, National Association
Basel III	International framework established by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision for the regulation of capital and liquidity
bp	basis point(s)
BTFP	Bank Term Funding Program
Call Report	Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income
CDs	Certificates of Deposit
CDIs	Core Deposit Intangibles
CECL	Current Expected Credit Losses
CET1	Common Equity Tier 1
Corporation / our / we	Associated Banc-Corp collectively with all of its subsidiaries and affiliates
CRA	Community Reinvestment Act
CRE	Commercial Real Estate
EAR	Earnings at Risk
ESPP	Associated Banc-Corp Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Exchange Act	Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
FASB	Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC	Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal Reserve	Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
FFELP	Federal Family Education Loan Program
FHLB	Federal Home Loan Bank
FHLMC	Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
FICO	Fair Isaac Corporation, provider of a broad-based risk score to aid in credit decisions
FNMA	Federal National Mortgage Association
FTEs	Full-time equivalent employees
FTP	Funds Transfer Pricing
GAAP	Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
GNMA	Government National Mortgage Association
GSEs	Government-Sponsored Enterprises
HTM	Held to Maturity
LIBOR	London Interbank Offered Rate
LOCOM	Lower of Cost or Market
LTV	Loan-to-Value
Moody's	Moody’s Investors Service
MSRs	Mortgage Servicing Rights
MVE	Market Value of Equity
Net Free Funds	Noninterest-bearing sources of funds
NPAs	Nonperforming Assets
OCI	Other Comprehensive Income
OREO	Other Real Estate Owned
Parent Company	Associated Banc-Corp individually

3

RAP	Retirement Account Plan - the Corporation's noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan
Repurchase Agreements	Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
Restricted Stock Awards	Restricted common stock and restricted common stock units to certain key employees
Retirement Eligible Colleagues	Colleagues whose retirement meets the early retirement or normal retirement definitions under the applicable equity compensation plan
ROCET1	Return on Common Equity Tier 1
SBA	Small Business Administration
SEC	U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Series E Preferred Stock	The Corporation's 5.875% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E, liquidation preference $1,000 per share
Series F Preferred Stock	The Corporation's 5.625% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series F, liquidation preference $1,000 per share
SOFR	Secured Overnight Finance Rate
TDRs	Troubled Debt Restructurings
YTD	Year-to-Date

4

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.	Financial Statements:

ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP

Consolidated Balance Sheets

	Jun 30, 2023		Dec 31, 2022
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	(Unaudited)		(Audited)
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	407,620	$	436,952
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions	190,881		156,693
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell	31,160		27,810
AFS investment securities, at fair value	3,504,777		2,742,025
HTM investment securities, net, at amortized cost	3,938,877		3,960,398
Equity securities	30,883		25,216
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stocks, at cost	271,637		295,496
Residential loans held for sale	38,083		20,383
Commercial loans held for sale	15,000		—
Loans	29,848,904		28,799,569
Allowance for loan losses	(338,750)		(312,720)
Loans, net	29,510,153		28,486,849
Tax credit and other investments	263,583		276,773
Premises and equipment, net	374,866		376,906
Bank and corporate owned life insurance	678,578		676,530
Goodwill	1,104,992		1,104,992
Other intangible assets, net	44,877		49,282
Mortgage servicing rights, net	80,449		77,351
Interest receivable	159,185		144,449
Other assets	573,870		547,621
Total assets	$	41,219,473	$	39,405,727
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	$	6,565,666	$	7,760,811
Interest-bearing deposits	25,448,743		21,875,343
Total deposits	32,014,409		29,636,154
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	325,927		585,139
Commercial paper	15,327		20,798
FHLB advances	3,630,747		4,319,861
Other long-term funding	534,273		248,071
Allowance for unfunded commitments	38,276		38,776
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	537,640		541,438
Total liabilities	$	37,096,599	$	35,390,237
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred equity	$	194,112	$	194,112
Common equity
Common stock	$	1,752	$	1,752
Surplus	1,708,303		1,712,733
Retained earnings	3,025,637		2,904,882
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)	(291,642)		(272,799)
Treasury stock, at cost	(515,287)		(525,190)
Total common equity	3,928,762		3,821,378
Total stockholders’ equity	4,122,874		4,015,490
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	41,219,473	$	39,405,727
Preferred shares authorized (par value $1.00 per share)	750,000		750,000
Preferred shares issued and outstanding	200,000		200,000
Common shares authorized (par value $0.01 per share)	250,000,000		250,000,000
Common shares issued	175,216,409		175,216,409
Common shares outstanding	150,918,628		150,444,019

Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

5

Item 1. Financial Statements Continued:

ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended Jun 30,				Six Months Ended Jun 30,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest income
Interest and fees on loans	$	423,307	$	199,876	$	814,626	$	367,573
Interest and dividends on investment securities
Taxable	35,845		18,317		65,987		34,789
Tax-exempt	15,994		16,379		32,019		32,487
Other interest	6,086		2,420		11,415		4,413
Total interest income	481,231		236,991		924,048		439,261
Interest expense
Interest on deposits	162,196		8,019		271,618		11,591
Interest on federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	2,261		406		5,404		444
Interest on other short-term funding	—		1		1		2
Interest on FHLB advances	49,261		9,689		99,222		17,871
Interest on long-term funding	9,596		2,730		15,876		5,460
Total interest expense	223,314		20,845		392,121		35,367
Net interest income	257,917		216,146		531,927		403,893
Provision for credit losses	22,100		(2)		40,071		(3,992)
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	235,817		216,148		491,856		407,886
Noninterest income
Wealth management fees	20,483		21,332		40,672		43,735
Service charges and deposit account fees	12,372		16,506		25,366		33,363
Card-based fees	11,396		11,442		21,982		21,368
Other fee-based revenue	4,465		4,360		8,740		8,126
Capital markets, net	5,093		8,010		10,176		16,656
Mortgage banking, net	7,768		6,145		11,313		14,536
Bank and corporate owned life insurance	2,172		4,106		4,835		6,177
Asset gains (losses), net	(299)		1,677		(35)		1,865
Investment securities gains (losses), net	14		(8)		66		12
Other	2,080		1,888		4,501		4,086
Total noninterest income	65,543		75,458		127,616		149,925
Noninterest expense
Personnel	114,089		112,666		230,510		217,477
Technology	24,220		21,223		47,818		42,707
Occupancy	13,587		14,151		28,650		30,231
Business development and advertising	7,106		5,655		12,955		10,610
Equipment	4,975		4,960		9,906		9,920
Legal and professional	4,831		4,873		8,688		9,960
Loan and foreclosure costs	1,635		1,476		2,773		3,490
FDIC assessment	9,550		5,400		16,425		10,500
Other intangible amortization	2,203		2,203		4,405		4,405
Other	8,476		8,815		15,955		15,412
Total noninterest expense	190,673		181,420		378,086		354,712
Income before income taxes	110,687		110,187		241,386		203,099
Income tax expense	23,533		23,363		50,873		42,013
Net income	87,154		86,824		190,514		161,086
Preferred stock dividends	2,875		2,875		5,750		5,750
Net income available to common equity	$	84,279	$	83,949	$	184,764	$	155,336
Earnings per common share
Basic	$	0.56	$	0.56	$	1.23	$	1.04
Diluted	$	0.56	$	0.56	$	1.22	$	1.03
Average common shares outstanding
Basic	149,986		149,083		149,875		148,933
Diluted	150,870		150,203		150,903		150,265

Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

6

Item 1. Financial Statements Continued:

ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended Jun 30,				Six Months Ended Jun 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income	$	87,154	$	86,824	$	190,514	$	161,086
Other comprehensive (loss), net of tax
AFS investment securities
Net unrealized (losses)	(49,066)		(65,038)		(12,588)		(168,321)
Unrealized (losses) on AFS securities transferred to HTM securities	—		—		—		(67,604)
Amortization of net unrealized losses on AFS securities transferred to HTM securities	2,289		3,273		4,556		4,381
Reclassification adjustment for net losses (gains) realized in net income	—		8		—		(12)
Income tax benefit	11,843		15,998		1,951		59,096
Other comprehensive (loss) on AFS securities	(34,934)		(45,758)		(6,081)		(172,460)
Cash flow hedge derivatives
Net unrealized (losses)	(34,147)		—		(20,384)		—
Reclassification adjustment for net losses realized in net income	3,319		—		4,581		—
Income tax benefit	7,867		—		3,173		—
Other comprehensive (loss) on cash flow hedge derivatives	(22,961)		—		(12,630)		—
Defined benefit pension and postretirement obligations
Amortization of prior service cost	(81)		(81)		(163)		(163)
Amortization of actuarial loss	(7)		74		22		147
Income tax benefit (expense)	(71)		2		8		4
Other comprehensive (loss) on pension and postretirement obligations	(159)		(6)		(132)		(12)
Total other comprehensive (loss)	(58,054)		(45,764)		(18,843)		(172,472)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	29,100	$	41,060	$	171,671	$	(11,386)

Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

7

Item 1. Financial Statements Continued:    

ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share data)	Preferred Equity		Common Stock		Surplus		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive  (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	194,112	$	1,752	$	1,712,733	$	2,904,882	$	(272,799)	$	(525,190)	$	4,015,490
Comprehensive income:
Net income	—		—		—		103,360		—		—		103,360
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		39,211		—		39,211
Comprehensive income													142,571
Common stock issued:
Stock-based compensation plans, net	—		—		(12,612)		—		—		14,379		1,766
Purchase of treasury stock, stock-based compensation plans	—		—		—		—		—		(5,362)		(5,362)
Cash dividends:
Common stock, $0.21 per share	—		—		—		(32,013)		—		—		(32,013)
Preferred stock(a)	—		—		—		(2,875)		—		—		(2,875)
Stock-based compensation expense, net	—		—		6,086		—		—		—		6,086
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	194,112	$	1,752	$	1,706,206	$	2,973,354	$	(233,588)	$	(516,173)	$	4,125,663
Comprehensive income:
Net income	—		—		—		87,154		—		—		87,154
Other comprehensive (loss)	—		—		—		—		(58,054)		—		(58,054)
Comprehensive income													29,100
Common stock issued:
Stock-based compensation plans, net	—		—		(1,677)		—		—		1,770		93
Purchase of treasury stock, stock-based compensation plans	—		—		—		—		—		(884)		(884)
Cash dividends:
Common stock, $0.21 per share	—		—		—		(31,996)		—		—		(31,996)
Preferred stock(a)	—		—		—		(2,875)		—		—		(2,875)
Stock-based compensation expense, net	—		—		3,773		—		—		—		3,773
Balance, June 30, 2023	$	194,112	$	1,752	$	1,708,303	$	3,025,637	$	(291,642)	$	(515,287)	$	4,122,874

Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

(a) Series E, $0.3671875 per share; and Series F, $0.3515625 per share.

8

(In thousands, except per share data)	Preferred Equity		Common Stock		Surplus		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	193,195	$	1,752	$	1,713,851	$	2,672,601	$	(10,317)	$	(546,229)	$	4,024,853
Change in accounting principle(a)	—		—		—		1,713		—		—		1,713
Total stockholders' equity at beginning of period, as adjusted	193,195		1,752		1,713,851		2,674,314		(10,317)		(546,229)		4,026,566
Comprehensive (loss):
Net income	—		—		—		74,262		—		—		74,262
Other comprehensive (loss)	—		—		—		—		(126,708)		—		(126,708)
Comprehensive (loss)													(52,445)
Common stock issued:
Stock-based compensation plans, net	—		—		(11,911)		—		—		18,565		6,654
Purchase of treasury stock, stock-based compensation plans	—		—		—		—		—		(5,193)		(5,193)
Cash dividends:
Common stock, $0.20 per share	—		—		—		(30,583)		—		—		(30,583)
Preferred stock(b)	—		—		—		(2,875)		—		—		(2,875)
Stock-based compensation expense, net	—		—		6,164		—		—		—		6,164
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	193,195	$	1,752	$	1,708,104	$	2,715,118	$	(137,024)	$	(532,858)	$	3,948,287
Comprehensive income:
Net income	—		—		—		86,824		—		—		86,824
Other comprehensive (loss)	—		—		—		—		(45,764)		—		(45,764)
Comprehensive income													41,060
Common stock issued:
Stock-based compensation plans, net	—		—		(1,771)		—		—		1,910		139
Purchase of treasury stock, stock-based compensation plans	—		—		—		—		—		(884)		(884)
Cash dividends:
Common stock, $0.20 per share	—		—		—		(30,331)		—		—		(30,331)
Preferred stock(b)	—		—		—		(2,875)		—		—		(2,875)
Stock-based compensation expense, net	—		—		3,986		—		—		—		3,986
Balance, June 30, 2022	$	193,195	$	1,752	$	1,710,319	$	2,768,736	$	(182,788)	$	(531,832)	$	3,959,382

Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

(a) MSRs at December 31, 2021 were carried at LOCOM. On January 1, 2022, the Corporation made the irrevocable election to account for MSRs at fair value.

(b) Series E, $0.3671875 per share; and Series F, $0.3515625 per share.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

9

Item 1. Financial Statements Continued:

ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended Jun 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	190,514	$	161,086
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses	40,071		(3,992)
Depreciation and amortization	22,914		22,741
Change in MSRs valuation	(5,135)		(19,400)
Amortization of other intangible assets	4,405		4,405
Amortization and accretion on earning assets, funding, and other, net	16,509		10,315
Net amortization of tax credit investments	17,227		17,072
(Gains) on sales of investment securities, net	—		(12)
Asset losses (gains), net	35		(1,865)
Loss on mortgage banking activities, net	1,389		3,036
Mortgage loans originated and acquired for sale	(168,395)		(403,951)
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held for sale	151,167		500,410
Changes in certain assets and liabilities:
(Increase) in interest receivable	(14,736)		(14,898)
Increase in interest payable	44,367		1,501
(Decrease) in expense payable	(40,882)		(24,791)
(Decrease) increase in net derivative position	(37,175)		231,332
Net change in other assets and other liabilities	(43,503)		6,051
Net cash provided by operating activities	178,771		489,039
Cash flows from investing activities
Net (increase) in loans	(1,054,924)		(2,271,051)
Purchases of:
AFS securities	(948,326)		(502,012)
HTM securities	(41,524)		(202,271)
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stocks and equity securities	(97,622)		(70,239)
Proceeds from:
Sales of AFS securities	—		1,061
Sale of Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stocks and equity securities	115,975		8
Prepayments, calls, and maturities of AFS securities	172,680		296,179
Prepayments, calls, and maturities of HTM securities	62,212		111,796
Sales, prepayments, calls, and maturities of other assets	17,988		23,523
Premises, equipment, and software, net of disposals	(29,663)		(33,373)
Net change in tax credit and alternative investments	(14,116)		(34,186)
Net cash (used in) investing activities	(1,817,320)		(2,680,566)
Cash flows from financing activities
Net increase in deposits	2,378,308		110,280
Net increase (decrease) in short-term funding	(264,684)		351,358
Net increase (decrease) in short-term FHLB advances	(685,000)		2,045,000
Repayment of long-term FHLB advances	(537)		(408,870)
Proceeds from long-term FHLB advances	115		916
Proceeds from issuance of long-term funding	292,740		—
(Repayment) proceeds of finance lease principal	(43)		348
Proceeds from issuance of common stock for stock-based compensation plans	1,859		6,793
Purchase of treasury stock, stock-based compensation plans	(6,246)		(6,078)
Cash dividends on common stock	(64,009)		(60,914)
Cash dividends on preferred stock	(5,750)		(5,750)
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,646,755		2,033,084
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	8,207		(158,444)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	621,455		1,025,515
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period(a)	$	629,662	$	867,071

Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

(a) No restricted cash due to the Federal Reserve reducing the required reserve ratio to zero.

10

ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended Jun 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	$	347,202	$	33,533
Cash paid for income and franchise taxes	58,985		2,432
Loans and bank premises transferred to OREO	3,632		1,817
Capitalized mortgage servicing rights	1,322		5,231
Loans transferred into (from) held for sale from (into) portfolio, net	(840)		4,149
Transfer of AFS securities to HTM securities	—		1,621,990
Unsettled trades to purchase securities	—		1,450
Fair value adjustments on hedged long-term FHLB advances and subordinated debt	9,651		—
Fair value adjustment on cash flow hedges	(12,630)		—

11

Item 1. Financial Statements Continued:

ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

These interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared according to the rules and regulations of the SEC and, therefore, certain information and footnote disclosures normally presented in accordance with GAAP have been omitted or abbreviated. The information contained on the consolidated financial statements and footnotes in Associated Banc-Corp's 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K should be referred to in connection with the reading of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

Note 1 Basis of Presentation

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows of the Corporation and Parent Company for the periods presented, and all such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include the determination of the ACLL. Management has evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition or disclosure.

Within the tables presented, certain columns and rows may not sum due to the use of rounded numbers for disclosure purposes.

Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accounting and reporting policies of the Corporation conform to U.S. GAAP and to general practice within the financial services industry. A discussion of these policies can be found in Note 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included in the Corporation’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

Standard	Description	Date of adoption	Effect on financial statements
ASU 2022-02 Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures	The FASB issued these amendments to eliminate accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors in Subtopic 310-40, Receivables-Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, and to require that an entity disclose current-period gross writeoffs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses-Measured at Amortized Cost. The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and should be applied prospectively, except as provided in the next sentence. For the transition method related to the recognition and measurement of TDRs, an entity has the option to apply a modified retrospective transition method, resulting in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings in the period of adoption. Early adoption is permitted if an entity has adopted the amendments in Update 2016-03, including adoption in an interim period.	1st Quarter 2023	Adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the Corporation's results of operation, financial position or liquidity, but resulted in additional disclosure requirements related to gross charge offs by vintage year and the removal of TDR disclosures, replaced by additional disclosures on the types of modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. The Corporation has adopted this update prospectively.

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Future Accounting Pronouncements

The expected impact of applicable material accounting pronouncements recently issued or proposed but not yet required to be adopted are discussed in the table below. To the extent that the adoption of new accounting standards materially affects the Corporation's financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or disclosures, the impacts are discussed in the applicable sections of this financial review.

Standard	Description	Date of anticipated adoption	Effect on financial statements
ASU 2023-02 Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method	The amendments in this update permit reporting entities to elect to account for their tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. A reporting entity may make an accounting policy election to apply the proportional amortization method on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis rather than electing to apply the proportional amortization method at the reporting entity level or to individual investments. The amendments in this update also remove certain guidance for Qualified Affordable Housing Project investments and require the application of the delayed equity contribution guidance to all tax equity investments. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and must be applied on either a modified retrospective or a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period, however if adopted in an interim period the entity shall adopt the amendments in this update as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes the interim period.	1st Quarter 2024	The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact on its results of operation, financial position, liquidity, and disclosures.

Note 3 Earnings Per Common Share

Earnings per common share are calculated utilizing the two-class method. Basic earnings per common share are calculated by dividing the sum of distributed earnings to common shareholders and undistributed earnings allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share are calculated by dividing the sum of distributed earnings to common shareholders and undistributed earnings allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding adjusted for the dilutive effect of common stock awards (outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock awards). Presented below are the calculations for basic and diluted earnings per common share:

	Three Months Ended Jun 30,				Six Months Ended Jun 30,
($ in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income	$	87,154	$	86,824	$	190,514	$	161,086
Preferred stock dividends	(2,875)		(2,875)		(5,750)		(5,750)
Net income available to common equity	$	84,279	$	83,949	$	184,764	$	155,336
Common shareholder dividends	(31,802)		(30,126)		(63,611)		(60,499)
Unvested share-based payment awards	(194)		(205)		(398)		(415)
Undistributed earnings	$	52,283	$	53,618	$	120,755	$	94,422
Undistributed earnings allocated to common shareholders	$	51,965	$	53,257	$	120,047	$	93,807
Undistributed earnings allocated to unvested share-based payment awards	318		361		708		615
Undistributed earnings	$	52,283	$	53,618	$	120,755	$	94,422
Basic
Distributed earnings to common shareholders	$	31,802	$	30,126	$	63,611	$	60,499
Undistributed earnings allocated to common shareholders	51,965		53,257		120,047		93,807
Total common shareholders earnings, basic	$	83,768	$	83,383	$	183,658	$	154,306
Diluted
Distributed earnings to common shareholders	$	31,802	$	30,126	$	63,611	$	60,499
Undistributed earnings allocated to common shareholders	51,965		53,257		120,047		93,807
Total common shareholders earnings, diluted	$	83,768	$	83,383	$	183,658	$	154,306
Weighted average common shares outstanding	149,986		149,083		149,875		148,933
Effect of dilutive common stock awards	884		1,121		1,027		1,332
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	150,870		150,203		150,903		150,265
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.56	$	0.56	$	1.23	$	1.04
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.56	$	0.56	$	1.22	$	1.03

Approximately 5 million and 3 million anti-dilutive common stock shares were excluded from the earnings per common share calculation for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and approximately 3 million anti-dilutive common

13

stock shares were excluded from the earnings per common share calculation for both the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Note 4 Stock-Based Compensation

The fair values of stock options and restricted stock awards are amortized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the grants. For colleagues who meet the definition of retirement eligible under the 2017 Incentive Compensation Plan and the 2020 Incentive Compensation Plan, expenses related to stock options and restricted stock awards are fully recognized on the date the colleague meets the definition of normal or early retirement. Compensation expense recognized is included in personnel expense on the consolidated statements of income.

A summary of the Corporation’s stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2023 is presented below:

Stock Options	Shares(a)	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value(a)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	3,994	$	21.06	5.11 years	$	10,525
Exercised	35	17.06
Forfeited or expired	10	23.45
Outstanding at June 30, 2023	3,949	$	21.09	4.63 years	$	—
Options Exercisable at June 30, 2023	3,735	$	21.27	4.52 years	$	—

(a) In thousands

Intrinsic value represents the amount by which the fair market value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of the stock option. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the intrinsic value of stock options exercised was approximately $220,000, compared to $3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the total fair value of stock options vested was approximately $955,000 compared to $2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

The Corporation recognized compensation expense for the vesting of stock options of approximately $186,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to approximately $469,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. At June 30, 2023, the Corporation had approximately $192,000 of unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options that is expected to be recognized over the remaining requisite service periods that extend predominately through the first quarter of 2024.

The Corporation also has issued time-based and performance-based restricted stock awards under the 2017 Incentive Compensation Plan and subsequent 2020 Incentive Compensation Plan. Performance awards are based on performance goals determined by the Compensation and Benefits Committee of the Corporation's Board of Directors, with vesting ranging from a minimum of 0% to a maximum of 150% of the target award. Performance awards are valued utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate fair value of the awards at the grant date.

The following table summarizes information about the Corporation’s restricted stock awards activity for the six months ended June 30, 2023:

Restricted Stock	Shares(a)	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	2,303	$	20.81
Granted	822	22.61
Vested	737	21.13
Forfeited	22	22.14
Outstanding at June 30, 2023	2,366	$	21.33

(a) In thousands

The Corporation amortizes the expense related to restricted stock awards as compensation expense over the vesting period specified in the grant's award agreement. Performance-based restricted stock awards granted during 2022 and 2023 will cliff-vest after the three year performance period has ended. Service-based restricted stock awards granted during 2022 and 2023 will generally vest ratably over a period of four years. Expense for restricted stock awards of $10 million was recorded for both the six months ended June 30, 2023 and the six months ended June 30, 2022. Included in compensation expense for the first six months of 2023 was $3 million of expense for the accelerated vesting of restricted stock awards granted to retirement eligible colleagues. The Corporation had $27 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to restricted stock awards at June 30, 2023 that are expected to be recognized over the remaining requisite service periods that extend predominately through the first quarter of 2027.

The Corporation has the ability to issue shares from treasury or new shares upon the exercise of stock options or the granting of restricted stock awards. The Board of Directors has authorized management to repurchase shares of the Corporation’s common stock, to be made available for issuance in connection with the Corporation’s employee incentive plans and for other corporate

14

purposes. The repurchase of shares, if any, will be based on market and investment opportunities, capital levels, growth prospects, and regulatory constraints. Such repurchases may occur from time to time in open market purchases, block transactions, private transactions, accelerated share repurchase programs, or similar facilities.

Note 5 Investment Securities

Investment securities are designated as AFS, HTM, or equity on the consolidated balance sheets at the time of purchase. The amortized cost and fair values of AFS and HTM securities at June 30, 2023 were as follows:

($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized (Losses)		Fair Value
AFS investment securities
U. S. Treasury securities	$	124,516	$	—	$	(14,563)	$	109,954
Agency securities	15,000		—		(1,483)		13,517
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)	227,928		75		(5,515)		222,487
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	1,734,097		108		(213,265)		1,520,939
GNMA	1,309,202		198		(18,761)		1,290,640
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	18,866		—		(1,772)		17,095
GNMA	191,630		—		(8,284)		183,346
Asset backed securities:
FFELP	144,376		—		(4,211)		140,166
SBA	3,757		11		(47)		3,721
Other debt securities	3,000		—		(87)		2,913
Total AFS investment securities	$	3,772,373	$	392	$	(267,987)	$	3,504,777
HTM investment securities
U. S. Treasury securities	$	999	$	—	$	(59)	$	940
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)	1,713,510		1,978		(162,587)		1,552,901
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	969,503		29,137		(171,849)		826,791
GNMA	52,260		48		(3,500)		48,808
Private-label	355,442		10,734		(72,395)		293,782
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	784,327		14,008		(174,942)		623,393
GNMA	62,961		461		(7,946)		55,477
Total HTM investment securities	$	3,939,001	$	56,368	$	(593,278)	$	3,402,092

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The amortized cost and fair values of AFS and HTM securities at December 31, 2022 were as follows:

($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized (Losses)		Fair Value
AFS investment securities
U. S. Treasury securities	$	124,441	$	—	$	(15,063)	$	109,378
Agency securities	15,000		—		(1,468)		13,532
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)	235,693		96		(5,074)		230,714
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	1,820,642		404		(216,436)		1,604,610
GNMA	502,537		314		(5,255)		497,596
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	19,038		—		(1,896)		17,142
GNMA	115,031		—		(4,569)		110,462
Asset backed securities:
FFELP	157,138		—		(5,947)		151,191
SBA	4,512		15		(51)		4,477
Other debt securities	3,000		—		(78)		2,922
Total AFS investment securities	$	2,997,032	$	830	$	(255,837)	$	2,742,025
HTM investment securities
U. S. Treasury securities	$	999	$	—	$	(62)	$	936
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)	1,732,351		1,994		(182,697)		1,551,647
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	961,231		31,301		(175,760)		816,771
GNMA	52,979		85		(3,436)		49,628
Private-label	364,728		11,697		(72,920)		303,505
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	778,796		15,324		(178,281)		615,839
GNMA	69,369		577		(7,254)		62,691
Total HTM investment securities	$	3,960,451	$	60,978	$	(620,411)	$	3,401,018

Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. The expected maturities of AFS and HTM securities at June 30, 2023, are shown below:

	AFS					HTM
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value			Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	5,127	$	5,115		$	18,531	$	18,528
Due after one year through five years	188,712		171,404			48,044		47,613
Due after five years through ten years	140,309		136,754			155,014		151,579
Due after ten years	36,296		35,598			1,492,920		1,336,121
Total debt securities	370,444		348,871			1,714,509		1,553,841
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	1,734,097		1,520,939			969,503		826,791
GNMA	1,309,202		1,290,640			52,260		48,808
Private-label	—		—			355,442		293,782
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	18,866		17,095			784,327		623,393
GNMA	191,630		183,346			62,961		55,477
Asset backed securities:
FFELP	144,376		140,166			—		—
SBA	3,757		3,721			—		—
Total investment securities	$	3,772,373	$	3,504,777		$	3,939,001	$	3,402,092
Ratio of fair value to amortized cost			92.9		%			86.4		%

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On a quarterly basis, the Corporation refreshes the credit quality of each HTM security. The following table summarizes the credit quality indicators of HTM securities at amortized cost at June 30, 2023:

($ in thousands)	AAA		AA		A		Not Rated		Total
U. S. Treasury securities	$	999	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	999
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)	781,385		924,263		6,705		1,156		1,713,510
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	969,503		—		—		—		969,503
GNMA	52,260		—		—		—		52,260
Private-label	355,442		—		—		—		355,442
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	784,327		—		—		—		784,327
GNMA	62,961		—		—		—		62,961
Total HTM securities	$	3,006,877	$	924,263	$	6,705	$	1,156	$	3,939,001

The following table summarizes the credit quality indicators of HTM securities at amortized cost at December 31, 2022:

($ in thousands)	AAA		AA		A		Not Rated		Total
U. S. Treasury securities	$	999	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	999
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)	806,529		917,059		7,604		1,158		1,732,351
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	961,231		—		—		—		961,231
GNMA	52,979		—		—		—		52,979
Private-label	364,728		—		—		—		364,728
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	778,796		—		—		—		778,796
GNMA	69,369		—		—		—		69,369
Total HTM securities	$	3,034,630	$	917,059	$	7,604	$	1,158	$	3,960,451

The following table summarizes gross realized gains and losses on AFS securities, net write-up of equity securities, and proceeds from the sale of AFS investment securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended Jun 30,				Six Months Ended Jun 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Gross realized gains on AFS securities	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	21
Gross realized (losses) on AFS securities	—		(8)		—		(8)
Net write-up of equity securities	14		—		66		—
Investment securities gains (losses), net	$	14	$	(8)	$	66	$	12
Proceeds from sales of AFS investment securities	$	—	$	327	$	—	$	1,061

Investment securities with a carrying value of $1.8 billion and $2.3 billion at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, were pledged as required to secure certain deposits or for other purposes.

Accrued interest receivable on HTM securities totaled $18 million and $19 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable on AFS securities totaled $13 million and $9 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable on both HTM and AFS securities is included in interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. There was no interest income reversed for investments going into nonaccrual at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

A security is considered past due once it is 30 days past due under the terms of the agreement. At both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Corporation had no past due HTM securities.

The allowance for credit losses on HTM securities was approximately $125,000 at June 30, 2023 and approximately $54,000 at December 31, 2022, attributable entirely to the Corporation's municipal securities, included in HTM investment securities, net, at amortized cost on the consolidated balance sheets. The Corporation also holds U.S. Treasury, municipal, and mortgage-related securities issued by the U.S. government or a GSE which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government and private-label residential mortgage-related securities that have credit enhancement which covers the first 15% of losses and, as a result, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded related to these securities.

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The following represents gross unrealized losses and the related fair value of AFS and HTM securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at June 30, 2023:

	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
($ in thousands)	Number of Securities	Unrealized (Losses)		Fair Value		Number of Securities	Unrealized (Losses)		Fair Value		Unrealized (Losses)		Fair Value
AFS investment securities
U.S. Treasury securities	—	$	—	$	—	7	$	(14,563)	$	109,954	$	(14,563)	$	109,954
Agency securities	—	—		—		1	(1,483)		13,517		(1,483)		13,517
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)	285	(3,452)		155,382		79	(2,063)		43,862		(5,515)		199,244
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	26	(899)		33,479		100	(212,366)		1,473,501		(213,265)		1,506,980
GNMA	60	(14,873)		1,074,681		13	(3,887)		56,951		(18,761)		1,131,632
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	—	—		—		1	(1,772)		17,095		(1,772)		17,095
GNMA	11	(3,539)		110,951		31	(4,745)		72,395		(8,284)		183,346
Asset backed securities:
FFELP	—	—		—		15	(4,211)		140,166		(4,211)		140,166
SBA	2	—		740		7	(47)		1,754		(47)		2,493
Other debt securities	1	(15)		985		2	(72)		1,928		(87)		2,913
Total	385	$	(22,779)	$	1,376,217	256	$	(245,208)	$	1,931,121	$	(267,987)	$	3,307,339
HTM investment securities
U.S. Treasury securities	—	$	—	$	—	1	$	(59)	$	940	$	(59)	$	940
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)	485	(12,109)		650,323		444	(150,479)		647,004		(162,587)		1,297,327
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	64	(2,536)		65,400		57	(169,313)		761,207		(171,849)		826,607
GNMA	21	(330)		14,665		63	(3,171)		31,369		(3,500)		46,034
Private-label	—	—		—		18	(72,395)		293,782		(72,395)		293,782
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	4	(1,212)		28,920		41	(173,730)		594,472		(174,942)		623,393
GNMA	—	—		—		13	(7,946)		55,477		(7,946)		55,477
Total	574	$	(16,186)	$	759,309	637	$	(577,092)	$	2,384,250	$	(593,278)	$	3,143,559

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For comparative purposes, the following represents gross unrealized losses and the related fair value of AFS and HTM securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2022:

	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
($ in thousands)	Number of Securities	Unrealized (Losses)		Fair Value		Number of Securities	Unrealized (Losses)		Fair Value		Unrealized (Losses)		Fair Value
AFS investment securities
U.S. Treasury securities	—	$	—	$	—	7	$	(15,063)	$	109,378	$	(15,063)	$	109,378
Agency securities	—	—		—		1	(1,468)		13,532		(1,468)		13,532
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)	358	(5,066)		201,260		4	(8)		1,916		(5,074)		203,176
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	24	(31,266)		260,986		84	(185,170)		1,321,420		(216,436)		1,582,406
GNMA	23	(4,415)		220,276		2	(840)		11,096		(5,255)		231,372
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	1	(1,896)		17,142		—	—		—		(1,896)		17,142
GNMA	33	(3,920)		101,036		4	(649)		9,426		(4,569)		110,462
Asset backed securities:
FFELP	3	(1,668)		44,304		12	(4,278)		106,887		(5,947)		151,191
SBA	2	(1)		417		6	(50)		2,057		(51)		2,474
Other debt securities	2	(30)		1,970		1	(49)		951		(78)		2,922
Total	446	$	(48,263)	$	847,391	121	$	(207,575)	$	1,576,665	$	(255,837)	$	2,424,055
HTM investment securities
U.S. Treasury securities	1	$	(62)	$	936	—	$	—	$	—	$	(62)	$	936
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)	771	(96,282)		1,079,216		156	(86,415)		231,022		(182,697)		1,310,238
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	79	(18,925)		143,201		22	(156,836)		671,570		(175,760)		814,770
GNMA	81	(3,436)		44,476		—	—		—		(3,436)		44,476
Private-label	3	(9,509)		58,733		15	(63,411)		244,772		(72,920)		303,505
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC	4	(3,814)		20,338		39	(174,467)		576,911		(178,281)		597,249
GNMA	8	(2,528)		34,612		6	(4,726)		28,080		(7,254)		62,691
Total	947	$	(134,556)	$	1,381,511	238	$	(485,855)	$	1,752,354	$	(620,411)	$	3,133,865

The Corporation reviews the AFS investment securities portfolio on a quarterly basis to monitor its credit exposure. A determination as to whether a security’s decline in fair value is the result of credit risk takes into consideration numerous factors and the relative significance of any single factor can vary by security. Some factors the Corporation may consider in this impairment analysis include the extent to which the security has been in an unrealized loss position, the change in security rating, financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, as well as the security and industry specific economic conditions.

Based on the Corporation’s evaluation, management does not believe any unrealized losses at June 30, 2023 represent credit deterioration as these unrealized losses are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates and the current market conditions. The Corporation does not intend to sell, nor does it believe that it will be required to sell, the securities in an unrealized loss position before recovery of their amortized cost basis.

FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stocks: The Corporation is required to maintain Federal Reserve Bank stock and FHLB stock as a member bank of both the Federal Reserve System and the FHLB, and in amounts as required by these institutions. These equity securities are “restricted” in that they can only be sold back to the respective institutions or another member institution at par. Therefore, they are less liquid than other marketable equity securities and their fair value is equal to amortized cost. The Corporation had FHLB stock of $185 million and $209 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Corporation had Federal Reserve Bank stock of $87 million at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Accrued interest receivable on FHLB stock totaled $3 million at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. There was no accrued interest receivable on Federal Reserve Bank Stock at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. Accrued interest receivable on both FHLB stock and Federal Reserve Bank stock is included in interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.

19

Equity Securities

Equity securities with readily determinable fair values: The Corporation's portfolio of equity securities with readily determinable fair values is primarily comprised of CRA Qualified Investment mutual funds and other mutual funds. The Corporation had equity securities with readily determinable fair values of $7 million at June 30, 2023 and $6 million at December 31, 2022.

Equity securities without readily determinable fair values: The Corporation's portfolio of equity securities without readily determinable fair values, which primarily consists of Visa Class B restricted shares and an investment in a private SBA loan fund, was carried at $24 million and $19 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Note 6 Loans

The period end loan composition was as follows:

($ in thousands)	Jun 30, 2023		Dec 31, 2022
Commercial and industrial	$	10,055,487	$	9,759,454
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	1,058,237		991,722
Commercial and business lending	11,113,724		10,751,176
Commercial real estate — investor	5,312,928		5,080,344
Real estate construction	2,009,060		2,155,222
Commercial real estate lending	7,321,988		7,235,565
Total commercial	18,435,711		17,986,742
Residential mortgage	8,746,345		8,511,550
Auto finance	1,777,974		1,382,073
Home equity	615,506		624,353
Other consumer	273,367		294,851
Total consumer	11,413,193		10,812,828
Total loans	$	29,848,904	$	28,799,569

Accrued interest receivable on loans totaled $124 million at June 30, 2023, and $113 million at December 31, 2022, and is included in interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. Interest accrued but not received for loans placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income. The amount of accrued interest reversed was $1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, and immaterial for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

20

The following table presents loans by credit quality indicator by origination year at June 30, 2023:

					Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
($ in thousands)	Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)		Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		YTD 2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total
Commercial and industrial:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	375	$	2,016,151	$	894,287	$	3,101,942	$	2,118,259	$	450,305	$	489,900	$	617,543	$	9,688,387
Special mention	57		44,943		57		35,706		9,319		6,240		—		30,700		126,964
Potential problem	642		89,637		873		19,850		73,809		20,187		91		781		205,228
Nonaccrual	10,583		—		3,230		16,863		6,457		8,357		—		—		34,907
Commercial and industrial	$	11,657	$	2,150,731	$	898,447	$	3,174,361	$	2,207,845	$	485,088	$	489,991	$	649,023	$	10,055,487
Commercial real estate - owner occupied:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	19,693	$	132,242	$	209,736	$	230,821	$	147,000	$	147,706	$	127,909	$	1,015,108
Special mention	—		579		—		—		—		3,434		8,276		—		12,289
Potential problem	—		—		2,656		864		9,052		4,002		500		12,322		29,396
Nonaccrual	—		—		1,444		—		—		—		—		—		1,444
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	$	—	$	20,272	$	136,342	$	210,600	$	239,873	$	154,436	$	156,482	$	140,231	$	1,058,237
Commercial and business lending:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	375	$	2,035,845	$	1,026,529	$	3,311,678	$	2,349,081	$	597,305	$	637,606	$	745,452	$	10,703,495
Special mention	57		45,522		57		35,706		9,319		9,673		8,276		30,700		139,253
Potential problem	642		89,637		3,528		20,714		82,861		24,190		592		13,103		234,624
Nonaccrual	10,583		—		4,675		16,863		6,457		8,357		—		—		36,352
Commercial and business lending	$	11,657	$	2,171,004	$	1,034,789	$	3,384,961	$	2,447,717	$	639,524	$	646,474	$	789,254	$	11,113,724
Commercial real estate - investor:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	131,996	$	610,875	$	1,549,321	$	1,339,075	$	637,693	$	435,601	$	386,283	$	5,090,844
Special mention	—		—		15,259		52,277		25,817		—		—		—		93,353
Potential problem	—		—		24,842		21,538		31,398		8,225		1,008		19,650		106,662
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		—		21,801		—		—		267		22,068
Commercial real estate - investor	$	—	$	131,996	$	650,976	$	1,623,135	$	1,418,092	$	645,919	$	436,609	$	406,200	$	5,312,928
Real estate construction:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	30,596	$	107,275	$	1,037,825	$	680,661	$	123,350	$	6,947	$	9,974	$	1,996,627
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		12,308		—		—		12,308
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		125		125
Real estate construction	$	—	$	30,596	$	107,275	$	1,037,825	$	680,661	$	135,658	$	6,947	$	10,099	$	2,009,060
Commercial real estate lending:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	162,592	$	718,150	$	2,587,145	$	2,019,736	$	761,044	$	442,548	$	396,257	$	7,087,472
Special mention	—		—		15,259		52,277		25,817		12,308		—		—		105,661
Potential problem	—		—		24,842		21,538		31,398		8,225		1,008		19,650		106,662
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		—		21,801		—		—		392		22,193
Commercial real estate lending	$	—	$	162,592	$	758,251	$	2,660,960	$	2,098,753	$	781,577	$	443,556	$	416,299	$	7,321,988
Total commercial:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	375	$	2,198,437	$	1,744,679	$	5,898,823	$	4,368,817	$	1,358,348	$	1,080,154	$	1,141,709	$	17,790,967
Special mention	57		45,522		15,316		87,983		35,136		21,981		8,276		30,700		244,914
Potential problem	642		89,637		28,370		42,252		114,259		32,415		1,600		32,753		341,286
Nonaccrual	10,583		—		4,675		16,863		28,258		8,357		—		392		58,544
Total commercial	$	11,657	$	2,333,596	$	1,793,040	$	6,045,921	$	4,546,470	$	1,421,101	$	1,090,030	$	1,205,553	$	18,435,711

21

					Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
($ in thousands)	Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)		Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		YTD 2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total
Residential mortgage:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	224,502	$	1,629,017	$	2,226,398	$	1,651,621	$	766,715	$	2,184,280	$	8,682,533
Special mention	—		—		—		—		278		—		—		170		448
Potential problem	—		—		109		173		613		—		547		205		1,646
Nonaccrual	—		—		605		6,204		4,738		8,236		6,424		35,511		61,718
Residential mortgage	$	—	$	—	$	225,216	$	1,635,393	$	2,232,027	$	1,659,856	$	773,686	$	2,220,166	$	8,746,345
Auto finance:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	565,583	$	1,115,791	$	90,632	$	240	$	778	$	289	$	1,773,314
Special mention	—		—		181		1,330		84		—		—		—		1,596
Nonaccrual	—		—		44		2,323		689		—		9		—		3,065
Auto finance	$	—	$	—	$	565,808	$	1,119,445	$	91,405	$	240	$	787	$	289	$	1,777,974
Home equity:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	4,681	$	504,626	$	365	$	30,687	$	6,819	$	2,220	$	5,351	$	56,666	$	606,734
Special mention	276		94		—		—		—		99		—		552		744
Potential problem	13		—		13		194		—		—		34		—		240
Nonaccrual	457		113		—		353		106		119		295		6,802		7,788
Home equity	$	5,426	$	504,833	$	377	$	31,234	$	6,925	$	2,438	$	5,680	$	64,020	$	615,506
Other consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	198	$	187,462	$	3,950	$	4,696	$	3,424	$	1,690	$	704	$	70,631	$	272,559
Special mention	25		547		—		28		2		33		—		36		646
Nonaccrual	23		46		—		10		25		6		12		64		163
Other consumer	$	246	$	188,055	$	3,950	$	4,734	$	3,451	$	1,729	$	717	$	70,732	$	273,367
Total consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	4,879	$	692,088	$	794,400	$	2,780,192	$	2,327,273	$	1,655,771	$	773,549	$	2,311,866	$	11,335,139
Special mention	301		640		181		1,358		364		131		—		758		3,434
Potential problem	13		—		122		367		613		—		580		205		1,886
Nonaccrual	480		159		649		8,890		5,557		8,360		6,741		42,378		72,733
Total consumer	$	5,673	$	692,887	$	795,352	$	2,790,806	$	2,333,808	$	1,664,262	$	780,870	$	2,355,207	$	11,413,193
Total loans:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	5,254	$	2,890,525	$	2,539,079	$	8,679,015	$	6,696,090	$	3,014,119	$	1,853,703	$	3,453,575	$	29,126,106
Special mention	357		46,162		15,497		89,341		35,500		22,113		8,276		31,458		248,348
Potential problem	655		89,637		28,492		42,619		114,872		32,415		2,180		32,958		343,173
Nonaccrual	11,063		159		5,324		25,753		33,816		16,717		6,741		42,769		131,278
Total loans	$	17,329	$	3,026,483	$	2,588,392	$	8,836,728	$	6,880,278	$	3,085,363	$	1,870,900	$	3,560,760	$	29,848,904

(a) Revolving loans converted to term loans are those converted during the reporting period and are also reported in their year of origination.

22

The following table presents loans by credit quality indicator by origination year at December 31, 2022:

					Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
($ in thousands)	Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)		Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total
Commercial and industrial:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	1,423	$	1,938,777	$	3,245,546	$	2,367,008	$	567,833	$	573,120	$	330,642	$	432,906	$	9,455,833
Special mention	—		93,209		3,411		23,607		—		—		19		32,497		152,744
Potential problem	447		24,549		41,400		4,193		21,887		38,169		218		6,133		136,549
Nonaccrual	3,926		—		5,210		—		9,119		—		—		—		14,329
Commercial and industrial	$	5,796	$	2,056,535	$	3,295,567	$	2,394,809	$	598,839	$	611,289	$	330,879	$	471,535	$	9,759,454
Commercial real estate - owner occupied:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	12,447	$	211,645	$	225,627	$	163,965	$	160,370	$	73,487	$	97,420	$	944,961
Special mention	—		—		—		—		1,136		1,491		9,713		—		12,339
Potential problem	—		1,325		1,238		11,141		5,523		10,769		370		4,055		34,422
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	$	—	$	13,772	$	212,883	$	236,769	$	170,624	$	172,630	$	83,570	$	101,475	$	991,722
Commercial and business lending:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	1,423	$	1,951,224	$	3,457,191	$	2,592,636	$	731,798	$	733,490	$	404,129	$	530,326	$	10,400,794
Special mention	—		93,209		3,411		23,607		1,136		1,491		9,732		32,497		165,083
Potential problem	447		25,874		42,638		15,335		27,410		48,938		589		10,188		170,971
Nonaccrual	3,926		—		5,210		—		9,119		—		—		—		14,329
Commercial and business lending	$	5,796	$	2,070,307	$	3,508,450	$	2,631,578	$	769,463	$	783,919	$	414,449	$	573,010	$	10,751,176
Commercial real estate - investor:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	38,412	$	106,280	$	1,633,094	$	1,419,000	$	683,121	$	530,444	$	262,858	$	210,299	$	4,845,096
Special mention	—		—		61,968		24,149		7,361		9,400		—		10,455		113,333
Potential problem	—		—		16,147		21,303		27,635		1,333		19,017		7,099		92,535
Nonaccrual	—		—		2,177		25,668		—		—		—		1,535		29,380
Commercial real estate - investor	$	38,412	$	106,280	$	1,713,387	$	1,490,120	$	718,117	$	541,177	$	281,875	$	229,387	$	5,080,344
Real estate construction:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	29,892	$	900,593	$	913,107	$	241,230	$	12,062	$	2,226	$	9,775	$	2,108,885
Special mention	—		—		—		—		12,174		33,087		—		—		45,261
Potential problem	—		—		—		—		970		—		—		—		970
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		105		105
Real estate construction	$	—	$	29,892	$	900,593	$	913,107	$	254,374	$	45,149	$	2,226	$	9,880	$	2,155,222
Commercial real estate lending:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	38,412	$	136,173	$	2,533,687	$	2,332,107	$	924,351	$	542,505	$	265,083	$	220,073	$	6,953,981
Special mention	—		—		61,968		24,149		19,535		42,487		—		10,455		158,595
Potential problem	—		—		16,147		21,303		28,605		1,333		19,017		7,099		93,505
Nonaccrual	—		—		2,177		25,668		—		—		—		1,640		29,485
Commercial real estate lending	$	38,412	$	136,173	$	2,613,980	$	2,403,227	$	972,492	$	586,326	$	284,101	$	239,267	$	7,235,565

23

					Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
($ in thousands)	Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)		Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total
Total commercial:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	39,835	$	2,087,396	$	5,990,879	$	4,924,743	$	1,656,149	$	1,275,996	$	669,213	$	750,399	$	17,354,774
Special mention	—		93,209		65,379		47,756		20,671		43,978		9,732		42,952		323,677
Potential problem	447		25,874		58,785		36,638		56,016		50,271		19,606		17,287		264,476
Nonaccrual	3,926		—		7,387		25,668		9,119		—		—		1,640		43,814
Total commercial	$	44,208	$	2,206,480	$	6,122,430	$	5,034,805	$	1,741,955	$	1,370,245	$	698,550	$	812,278	$	17,986,742
Residential mortgage:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	1,410,566	$	2,184,125	$	1,716,663	$	817,164	$	370,724	$	1,951,406	$	8,450,648
Special mention	—		—		—		284		96		—		—		63		444
Potential problem	—		—		455		71		—		738		29		685		1,978
Nonaccrual	—		—		8,506		3,851		6,219		3,744		5,014		31,145		58,480
Residential mortgage	$	—	$	—	$	1,419,527	$	2,188,332	$	1,722,979	$	821,645	$	375,768	$	1,983,299	$	8,511,550
Auto finance:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	1,271,205	$	106,102	$	333	$	1,267	$	446	$	61	$	1,379,414
Special mention	—		—		1,052		118		—		—		—		—		1,170
Nonaccrual	—		—		1,149		331		—		9		—		—		1,490
Auto finance	$	—	$	—	$	1,273,406	$	106,551	$	333	$	1,276	$	446	$	61	$	1,382,073
Home equity:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	7,254	$	508,212	$	31,389	$	6,508	$	2,112	$	6,197	$	6,966	$	54,827	$	616,211
Special mention	47		102		—		—		—		—		47		310		458
Potential problem	—		15		—		—		—		34		2		146		197
Nonaccrual	1,590		—		306		102		131		307		319		6,322		7,487
Home equity	$	8,891	$	508,329	$	31,695	$	6,610	$	2,243	$	6,538	$	7,333	$	61,605	$	624,353
Other consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	64	$	199,942	$	7,429	$	5,256	$	2,468	$	1,238	$	174	$	77,611	$	294,117
Special mention	6		490		11		—		5		5		—		25		537
Nonaccrual	78		56		11		21		10		56		10		34		197
Other consumer	$	147	$	200,488	$	7,452	$	5,276	$	2,482	$	1,300	$	184	$	77,670	$	294,851
Total consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	7,318	$	708,154	$	2,720,589	$	2,301,991	$	1,721,576	$	825,866	$	378,310	$	2,083,904	$	10,740,390
Special mention	52		592		1,063		403		101		5		47		398		2,609
Potential problem	—		15		455		71		—		772		31		831		2,175
Nonaccrual	1,668		56		9,973		4,304		6,360		4,116		5,343		37,501		67,654
Total consumer	$	9,038	$	708,817	$	2,732,080	$	2,306,769	$	1,728,037	$	830,759	$	383,731	$	2,122,635	$	10,812,828
Total loans:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	47,152	$	2,795,551	$	8,711,468	$	7,226,734	$	3,377,725	$	2,101,861	$	1,047,522	$	2,834,303	$	28,095,164
Special mention	52		93,801		66,443		48,159		20,772		43,983		9,778		43,350		326,286
Potential problem	447		25,889		59,240		36,709		56,016		51,043		19,637		18,118		266,651
Nonaccrual	5,595		56		17,360		29,972		15,479		4,116		5,343		39,141		111,467
Total loans	$	53,246	$	2,915,297	$	8,854,510	$	7,341,574	$	3,469,992	$	2,201,004	$	1,082,280	$	2,934,912	$	28,799,569

(a) Revolving loans converted to term loans are those converted during the reporting period and are also reported in their year of origination.

24

The following table presents gross charge offs by origination year at June 30, 2023:

			Gross Charge Offs by Origination Year
($ in thousands)	Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		YTD 2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	1,789	$	5,158	$	249	$	5,140	$	—	$	—	$	2,152	$	14,489
Commercial and business lending	1,789		5,158		249		5,140		—		—		2,152		14,489
Commercial real estate-investor	—		—		—		—		—		—		242		242
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—		—		25		25
Commercial real estate lending	—		—		—		—		—		—		266		266
Total commercial	1,789		5,158		249		5,140		—		—		2,418		14,755
Residential mortgage	—		—		128		22		8		7		410		574
Auto finance	—		24		2,048		262		—		—		—		2,335
Home equity	—		—		43		14		—		22		108		186
Other consumer	2,226		—		129		60		12		10		70		2,506
Total consumer	2,226		24		2,348		358		20		39		588		5,601
Total gross charge offs	$	4,015	$	5,182	$	2,597	$	5,498	$	20	$	39	$	3,006	$	20,356

Factors that are important to managing overall credit quality are sound loan underwriting and administration, systematic monitoring of existing loans and commitments, effective loan review on an ongoing basis, early identification of potential problems, and appropriate policies for ACLL, nonaccrual loans, and charge offs.

For commercial loans, management has determined the pass credit quality indicator to include credits exhibiting acceptable financial statements, cash flow, and leverage. If any risk exists, it is mitigated by the loan structure, collateral, monitoring, or control. For consumer loans, performing loans include credits performing in accordance with the original contractual terms.

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Special mention credits have potential weaknesses that warrant specific attention from management. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the credit. Accruing loan modifications could be pass or special mention, depending on the risk rating on the loan. Potential problem loans are considered inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged. These loans generally have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, which may jeopardize liquidation of the debt, and are characterized by the distinct possibility the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Management has determined commercial loan relationships in nonaccrual status, and commercial and consumer loan relationships with their terms restructured in a loan modification, meet the criteria to be individually evaluated. Commercial loans classified as special mention, potential problem, and nonaccrual are reviewed at a minimum on a quarterly basis, while pass credits, which are performing rated credits, are generally reviewed on an annual basis or more frequently if the loan renewal is less than one year or if otherwise warranted.

The following table presents loans by past due status at June 30, 2023:

	Accruing
($ in thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due		Nonaccrual(a)(b)		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	10,008,208	$	11,837	$	168	$	366	$	34,907	$	10,055,487
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	1,055,309		1,484		—		—		1,444		1,058,237
Commercial and business lending	11,063,517		13,321		168		366		36,352		11,113,724
Commercial real estate - investor	5,290,860		—		—		—		22,068		5,312,928
Real estate construction	2,008,859		76		—		—		125		2,009,060
Commercial real estate lending	7,299,719		76		—		—		22,193		7,321,988
Total commercial	18,363,236		13,396		168		366		58,544		18,435,711
Residential mortgage	8,675,666		8,791		170		—		61,718		8,746,345
Auto finance	1,763,481		9,833		1,596		—		3,065		1,777,974
Home equity	603,688		3,286		744		—		7,788		615,506
Other consumer	269,820		1,279		745		1,360		163		273,367
Total consumer	11,312,656		23,189		3,255		1,360		72,733		11,413,193
Total loans	$	29,675,892	$	36,585	$	3,423	$	1,726	$	131,278	$	29,848,904

(a) Of the total nonaccrual loans, $77 million, or 58%, were current with respect to payment at June 30, 2023.

(b) No interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. In addition, there were $29 million of nonaccrual loans for which there was no related ACLL at June 30, 2023.

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The following table presents loans by past due status at December 31, 2022:

	Accruing
($ in thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days  Past Due		Nonaccrual(a)(b)		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	9,738,561	$	716	$	5,566	$	282	$	14,329	$	9,759,454
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	991,493		218		12		—		—		991,722
Commercial and business lending	10,730,053		934		5,578		282		14,329		10,751,176
Commercial real estate - investor	5,049,897		1,067		—		—		29,380		5,080,344
Real estate construction	2,155,077		39		—		—		105		2,155,222
Commercial real estate lending	7,204,975		1,105		—		—		29,485		7,235,565
Total commercial	17,935,028		2,040		5,578		282		43,814		17,986,742
Residential mortgage	8,443,072		9,811		63		124		58,480		8,511,550
Auto finance	1,371,176		8,238		1,170		—		1,490		1,382,073
Home equity	611,259		5,149		458		—		7,487		624,353
Other consumer	291,722		1,018		592		1,322		197		294,851
Total consumer	10,717,229		24,216		2,283		1,446		67,654		10,812,828
Total loans	$	28,652,257	$	26,256	$	7,861	$	1,728	$	111,467	$	28,799,569

(a) Of the total nonaccrual loans, $64 million, or 58%, were current with respect to payment at December 31, 2022.

(b) No interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans for the year ended December 31, 2022. In addition, there were $11 million of nonaccrual loans for which there was no related ACLL at December 31, 2022.

Loan Modifications and Troubled Debt Restructurings

Under ASU 2022-02, effective January 1, 2023, loan modifications are reported if concessions have been granted to borrowers that are experiencing financial difficulty. Information on these loan modifications originated after the effective date is presented according to the new accounting guidance. Reporting periods prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02 present information on TDRs under the previous disclosure requirements.

The following tables show the composition of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by the loan portfolio and type of concessions granted during the six months ended June 30, 2023. Each of the types of concessions granted comprised less than 1% of their respective classes of loan portfolios at June 30, 2023.

	Interest Rate Concession
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost
Commercial and industrial	$	168
Auto	80
Home equity	78
Other consumer	988
Total loans modified	$	1,314

	Term Extension
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost
Residential mortgage	$	208
Home equity	27
Total loans modified	$	235

	Combination - Interest Rate Concession and Term Extension
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost
Residential mortgage	$	519
Home equity	168
Total loans modified	$	687

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The following tables summarize, by loan portfolio, the financial effect of the Corporation's loan modifications on the modified loans as of June 30, 2023:

Interest Rate Concession
Loan Type	Financial Effect, Weighted Average Contractual Interest Rate (Decrease) Increase(a)
Commercial and industrial	(17)	%
Auto	(4)	%
Home equity	—	%
Other consumer	(20)	%
Total loans modified	(10)	%

(a) Due to market conditions, some interest rate concessions on floating rate loans may involve an increase in rate that was lower in comparison to the rate of increase for floating rate loans not modified.

Term Extension
Loan Type	Financial Effect, Weighted Average Term Increase(a)
Residential mortgage	26 months
Total loans modified	26 months

(a) During the six months ended June 30, 2023, term extensions changed the weighted average term on modified loans from 334 to 360 months.

The Corporation closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table depicts the performance of loans that have been modified in the six months ended June 30, 2023:

	Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis)
($ in thousands)	Current		30-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due		Nonaccrual
Commercial and industrial	$	168	$	—	$	—	$	—
Residential mortgage	126		—		—		601
Auto	80		—		—		—
Home equity	78		—		—		195
Other consumer	988		—		—		—
Total loans modified	$	1,439	$	—	$	—	$	796

The following table provides the amortized cost of loan modifications by loan portfolio and type of concession that were modified in the previous six months and subsequently had a payment default, as of June 30, 2023:

	Amortized Cost of Loan Modifications that Subsequently Defaulted
($ in thousands)	Interest Rate Concession		Term Extension		Combination Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension
Residential mortgage	$	—	$	201	$	128
Home equity	—		—		60
Total loans modified	$	—	$	201	$	187

The following table presents nonaccrual and performing restructured loans by loan portfolio at December 31, 2022:

($ in thousands)	Performing Restructured Loans		Nonaccrual Restructured Loans(a)
Commercial and industrial	$	12,453	$	—
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	316		—
Commercial real estate — investor	128		2,074
Real estate construction	195		9
Residential mortgage	16,829		17,117
Home equity	2,148		927
Other consumer	798		—
Total restructured loans	$	32,868	$	20,127

(a) Nonaccrual restructured loans have been included within nonaccrual loans.

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The following table provides the number of loans modified in a TDR by loan portfolio, the recorded investment, and unpaid principal balance for the six months ended June 30, 2022:

($ in thousands)	Number of Loans	Recorded Investment(a)		Unpaid Principal Balance(b)
Commercial and industrial	2	$	275	$	275
Commercial real estate — investor	1	553		573
Residential mortgage	35	8,149		8,315
Home equity	8	291		312
Total loans modified	46	$	9,267	$	9,474

(a) Represents post-modification outstanding recorded investment.
(b) Represents pre-modification outstanding recorded investment.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, restructured loan modifications of commercial loans primarily included maturity date extensions and payment schedule modifications. Restructured loan modifications of consumer loans for the six months ended June 30, 2022 primarily included maturity date extensions, interest rate concessions, non-reaffirmed Chapter 7 bankruptcies, or a combination of these concessions.

The following table provides the number of loans modified during the previous twelve months which subsequently defaulted during the six months ended June 30, 2022, and the recorded investment in these restructured loans at the time of default as of June 30, 2022:

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
($ in thousands)	Number of Loans	Recorded Investment
Residential mortgage	4	$	1,178

The nature and extent of the impairment of modified loans, including those which have experienced a subsequent payment default, are considered in the determination of an appropriate level of the ACLL.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The ACLL is comprised of the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for unfunded commitments. The level of the ACLL represents management’s estimate of an amount appropriate to provide for expected lifetime credit losses in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The expected lifetime credit losses are the product of multiplying the Corporation's estimates of probability of default, loss given default, and the individual loan level exposure at default on an undiscounted basis. A main factor in the determination of the ACLL is the economic forecast. The forecast the Corporation used for June 30, 2023 was the Moody's baseline scenario from May 2023, which was reviewed against the June 2023 baseline scenario with no material updates made, over a 2 year reasonable and supportable period with straight-line reversion to the historical losses over the second year of the period. The allowance for unfunded commitments is maintained at a level believed by management to be sufficient to absorb expected lifetime losses related to unfunded credit facilities (including unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit). See Note 11 for additional information on the change in the allowance for unfunded commitments.

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The following table presents a summary of the changes in the ACLL by portfolio segment for the six months ended June 30, 2023:

($ in thousands)	Dec 31, 2022		Charge offs		Recoveries		Net Charge offs		Provision for credit losses		Jun 30, 2023		ACLL / Loans
Allowance for loan losses
Commercial and industrial	$	119,076	$	(14,489)	$	1,552	$	(12,936)	$	17,011	$	123,151
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	9,475		—		6		6		1,565		11,047
Commercial and business lending	128,551		(14,489)		1,558		(12,930)		18,576		134,197
Commercial real estate — investor	54,398		(242)		2,517		2,276		9,953		66,627
Real estate construction	45,589		(25)		24		—		3,106		48,694
Commercial real estate lending	99,986		(266)		2,542		2,275		13,059		115,321
Total commercial	228,538		(14,755)		4,100		(10,655)		31,636		249,518
Residential mortgage	38,298		(574)		238		(336)		3,227		41,189
Auto finance	19,619		(2,335)		331		(2,004)		2,735		20,350
Home equity	14,875		(186)		710		524		105		15,504
Other consumer	11,390		(2,506)		508		(1,998)		2,798		12,189
Total consumer	84,182		(5,601)		1,787		(3,815)		8,864		89,232
Total loans	$	312,720	$	(20,356)	$	5,886	$	(14,470)	$	40,500	$	338,750
Allowance for unfunded commitments
Commercial and industrial	$	12,997	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(969)	$	12,028
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	103		—		—		—		6		109
Commercial and business lending	13,101		—		—		—		(964)		12,137
Commercial real estate — investor	710		—		—		—		98		807
Real estate construction	20,583		—		—		—		693		21,276
Commercial real estate lending	21,292		—		—		—		791		22,084
Total commercial	34,393		—		—		—		(173)		34,221
Home equity	2,699		—		—		—		107		2,806
Other consumer	1,683		—		—		—		(434)		1,249
Total consumer	4,382		—		—		—		(327)		4,055
Total loans	$	38,776	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(500)	$	38,276
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Commercial and industrial	$	132,073	$	(14,489)	$	1,552	$	(12,936)	$	16,042	$	135,179	1.34	%
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	9,579		—		6		6		1,571		11,156		1.05	%
Commercial and business lending	141,652		(14,489)		1,558		(12,930)		17,613		146,335		1.32	%
Commercial real estate — investor	55,108		(242)		2,517		2,276		10,051		67,434		1.27	%
Real estate construction	66,171		(25)		24		—		3,799		69,970		3.48	%
Commercial real estate lending	121,279		(266)		2,542		2,275		13,850		137,404		1.88	%
Total commercial	262,931		(14,755)		4,100		(10,655)		31,463		283,739		1.54	%
Residential mortgage	38,298		(574)		238		(336)		3,227		41,189		0.47	%
Auto finance	19,619		(2,335)		331		(2,004)		2,735		20,350		1.14	%
Home equity	17,574		(186)		710		524		212		18,310		2.97	%
Other consumer	13,073		(2,506)		508		(1,998)		2,363		13,438		4.92	%
Total consumer	88,565		(5,601)		1,787		(3,815)		8,537		93,287		0.82	%
Total loans	$	351,496	$	(20,356)	$	5,886	$	(14,470)	$	40,000	$	377,027	1.26	%

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The following table presents a summary of the changes in the ACLL by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2022:

($ in thousands)	Dec 31, 2021		Charge offs		Recoveries		Net Charge offs		Provision for credit losses		Dec 31, 2022		ACLL / Loans
Allowance for loan losses
Commercial and industrial	$	89,857	$	(4,491)	$	5,282	$	791	$	28,428	$	119,076
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	11,473		—		13		13		(2,011)		9,475
Commercial and business lending	101,330		(4,491)		5,295		804		26,418		128,551
Commercial real estate — investor	72,803		(50)		50		—		(18,405)		54,398
Real estate construction	37,643		(48)		106		58		7,887		45,589
Commercial real estate lending	110,446		(98)		156		58		(10,518)		99,986
Total commercial	211,776		(4,588)		5,451		862		15,900		228,538
Residential mortgage	40,787		(567)		908		341		(2,830)		38,298
Auto finance	1,999		(1,041)		98		(943)		18,563		19,619
Home equity	14,011		(587)		1,385		798		66		14,875
Other consumer	11,441		(3,363)		1,010		(2,353)		2,301		11,390
Total consumer	68,239		(5,558)		3,401		(2,157)		18,100		84,182
Total loans	$	280,015	$	(10,146)	$	8,852	$	(1,294)	$	34,000	$	312,720
Allowance for unfunded commitments
Commercial and industrial	$	18,459	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(5,462)	$	12,997
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	208		—		—		—		(105)		103
Commercial and business lending	18,667		—		—		—		(5,566)		13,101
Commercial real estate — investor	936		—		—		—		(226)		710
Real estate construction	15,586		—		—		—		4,997		20,583
Commercial real estate lending	16,522		—		—		—		4,770		21,292
Total commercial	35,189		—		—		—		(796)		34,393
Home equity	2,592		—		—		—		107		2,699
Other consumer	1,995		—		—		—		(311)		1,683
Total consumer	4,587		—		—		—		(204)		4,382
Total loans	$	39,776	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1,000)	$	38,776
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Commercial and industrial	$	108,316	$	(4,491)	$	5,282	$	791	$	22,967	$	132,073	1.35	%
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	11,681		—		13		13		(2,115)		9,579		0.97	%
Commercial and business lending	119,997		(4,491)		5,295		804		20,852		141,652		1.32	%
Commercial real estate — investor	73,739		(50)		50		—		(18,631)		55,108		1.08	%
Real estate construction	53,229		(48)		106		58		12,884		66,171		3.07	%
Commercial real estate lending	126,968		(98)		156		58		(5,748)		121,279		1.68	%
Total commercial	246,965		(4,588)		5,451		862		15,104		262,931		1.46	%
Residential mortgage	40,787		(567)		908		341		(2,830)		38,298		0.45	%
Auto finance	1,999		(1,041)		98		(943)		18,563		19,619		1.42	%
Home equity	16,603		(587)		1,385		798		173		17,574		2.81	%
Other consumer	13,436		(3,363)		1,010		(2,353)		1,990		13,073		4.43	%
Total consumer	72,825		(5,558)		3,401		(2,157)		17,896		88,565		0.82	%
Total loans	$	319,791	$	(10,146)	$	8,852	$	(1,294)	$	33,000	$	351,496	1.22	%

Note 7 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Goodwill is not amortized but is instead subject to impairment tests on at least an annual basis, and more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.

The Corporation conducted its most recent annual impairment testing in May 2023, utilizing a qualitative assessment. Factors that management considered in this assessment included macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the Corporation and each reporting unit (both current and projected), changes in management strategy, and changes in the composition or carrying amount of net assets. In addition, management considered the changes in both the Corporation's common stock price and in the KBW Nasdaq Regional Banking Index (KRX), as well as the Corporation's earnings per common share trend over the past year. Based on these assessments, management concluded that it is

30

more likely than not that the estimated fair value exceeded the carrying value (including goodwill) for each reporting unit. Therefore, a step one quantitative analysis was not required. There have been no events since the May 2023 impairment test that have changed the Corporation's impairment assessment conclusion. There were no impairment charges recorded in 2022 or the first six months of 2023.

The Corporation had goodwill of $1.1 billion at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Core Deposit Intangibles

The Corporation has CDIs which are amortized. Changes in the gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization, and net book value for CDIs were as follows:

($ in thousands)	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023		Year Ended Dec 31, 2022
Core deposit intangibles
Gross carrying amount at the beginning of period	$	88,109	$	88,109
Accumulated amortization	(43,233)		(38,827)
Net book value	$	44,877	$	49,282
Amortization during the period	$	4,405	$	8,811

Mortgage Servicing Rights

The Corporation sells residential mortgage loans in the secondary market and typically retains the right to service the loans sold. MSRs are not traded in active markets. As a result, a cash flow model is used to determine fair value. Key assumptions and estimates, projected prepayment speeds, assumed servicing costs, ancillary income, costs to service delinquent loans, costs of foreclosure, and discount rates with option-adjusted spreads, are used in measuring the fair value of the MSRs asset. These assumptions are considered significant unobservable inputs. See Note 11 for a discussion of the recourse provisions on sold residential mortgage loans. See Note 12 which further discusses fair value measurement relative to the MSRs asset.

A summary of changes in the balance of the MSRs asset under the fair value measurement method for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022 is as follows:

($ in thousands)	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023			Year Ended Dec 31, 2022
Mortgage servicing rights
Mortgage servicing rights at beginning of period	$	77,351		$	54,862
Cumulative effect of accounting methodology change	N/A			2,296
Balance at beginning of period, adjusted	$	77,351		$	57,158
Additions	1,322			7,279
Paydowns	(3,359)			(9,350)
Valuation:
Change in fair value model assumptions	4,979			5,715
Changes in fair value of asset	156			16,549
Mortgage servicing rights at end of period	$	80,449		$	77,351
Portfolio of residential mortgage loans serviced for others (“servicing portfolio”)	$	6,524,528		$	6,711,820
Mortgage servicing rights to servicing portfolio	1.23		%	1.15		%

The projections of amortization expense for CDIs and decay for MSRs are based on existing asset balances, the current interest rate environment, and prepayment speeds as of June 30, 2023. The actual expense the Corporation recognizes in any given period may be significantly different depending upon acquisition or sale activities, changes in interest rates, prepayment speeds, market conditions, regulatory requirements, and events or circumstances that indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The following table shows the estimated future amortization expense for CDIs and decay for MSRs:

($ in thousands)	Core Deposit Intangibles		Mortgage Servicing Rights
Six months ended December 31, 2023	$	4,405	$	6,707
2024	8,811		12,685
2025	8,811		11,185
2026	8,811		9,854
2027	8,811		8,519
2028	3,485		7,491
Beyond 2028	1,742		24,008
Total estimated amortization expense and MSRs decay	$	44,877	$	80,449

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Note 8 Short and Long-Term Funding

The following table presents the components of short-term funding (funding with original contractual maturities of one year or less), and long-term funding (funding with original contractual maturities greater than one year):

($ in thousands)	Jun 30, 2023		Dec 31, 2022
Short-term funding
Federal funds purchased	$	170,380	$	344,170
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	155,547		240,969
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	325,927		585,139
Commercial paper	15,327		20,798
Total short-term funding	$	341,253	$	605,937
Long-term funding
Corporation subordinated notes, at par	$	550,000	$	250,000
Discount and capitalized costs	(8,307)		(544)
Subordinated debt fair value hedge(a)	(7,847)		(1,855)
Finance leases	427		469
Total long-term funding	$	534,273	$	248,071
Total short and long-term funding, excluding FHLB advances	$	875,526	$	854,007
FHLB advances
Short-term FHLB advances	$	2,440,000	$	3,125,000
Long-term FHLB advances	1,208,714		1,209,170
FHLB advances fair value hedge(a)	(17,967)		(14,308)
Total FHLB advances	$	3,630,747	$	4,319,861
Total short and long-term funding	$	4,506,273	$	5,173,869

(a) For additional information on the fair value hedges, see Note 9.

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

The Corporation enters into agreements under which it sells securities subject to an obligation to repurchase the same or similar securities. Under these arrangements, the Corporation may transfer legal control over the assets but still retain effective control through an agreement that both entitles and obligates the Corporation to repurchase the assets. The obligation to repurchase the securities is reflected as a liability on the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheets, while the securities underlying the repurchase agreements remain in the respective investment securities asset accounts (i.e., there is no offsetting or netting of the investment securities assets with the repurchase agreement liabilities).

The Corporation utilizes repurchase agreements to facilitate the needs of its customers. The fair value of securities pledged to secure repurchase agreements may decline. At June 30, 2023, the Corporation had pledged securities valued at 170% of the gross outstanding balance of repurchase agreements to manage this risk.

The remaining contractual maturity of the securities sold under agreements to repurchase on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are presented in the following table:

	Overnight and Continuous
($ in thousands)	Jun 30, 2023		Dec 31, 2022
Repurchase agreements
Agency mortgage-related securities	$	155,547	$	240,969

Long-Term Funding

Subordinated Notes 

In November 2014, the Corporation issued $250 million of 10-year subordinated notes, due January 2025, and callable October 2024. The subordinated notes have a fixed coupon interest rate of 4.25% and were issued at a discount.

In February 2023, the Corporation issued $300 million of 10-year subordinated notes, due March 1, 2033 and redeemable (i) on the reset date of March 1, 2028 and on any interest payment date thereafter, (ii) at any time on or after the three month period prior to the maturity date, and (iii) upon the occurrence of a Regulatory Capital Treatment Event (as defined in the Global Note). The subordinated notes have a fixed coupon interest rate of 6.625% until the reset date, after which the rate will be equal to the Five-Year U.S. Treasury Rate as of the reset date plus 2.812% per annum. The notes were issued at a discount.

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Finance Leases

Finance leases are used in conjunction with branch operations. See Note 16 for additional disclosure regarding the Corporation’s leases.

Note 9 Derivative and Hedging Activities

The Corporation is exposed to certain risk arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Corporation principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Corporation manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk, primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Corporation enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the values of which are determined by interest rates. The Corporation's derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Corporation's known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Corporation's assets.

The contract or notional amount of a derivative is used to determine, along with the other terms of the derivative, the amounts to be exchanged between the counterparties. The Corporation is exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to financial instruments. To mitigate the counterparty risk, contracts generally contain language outlining collateral pledging requirements for each counterparty. For non-centrally cleared derivatives, collateral must be posted when the market value exceeds certain mutually agreed upon threshold limits. Securities and cash are often pledged as collateral. The Corporation pledged $101 million and $92 million of investment securities as collateral at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Cash is often pledged as collateral for derivatives that are not centrally cleared. The Corporation's required cash collateral was approximately $2 million at June 30, 2023, compared to $3 million at December 31, 2022.

Federal regulations require the Corporation to clear all LIBOR and compound SOFR interest rate swaps through a clearing house, if possible. For derivatives cleared through central clearing houses, the variation margin payments are legally characterized as daily settlements of the derivative rather than collateral. The Corporation's clearing agent for interest rate derivative contracts that are centrally cleared through the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the London Clearing House settles the variation margin daily. As a result, the variation margin payment and the related derivative instruments are considered a single unit of account for accounting and financial reporting purposes. Depending on the net position, the fair value is reported in other assets or accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The daily settlement of the derivative exposure does not change or reset the contractual terms of the instrument.

Fair Value Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Corporation is exposed to changes in the fair value of its fixed-rate debt due to changes in benchmark interest rates. The Corporation uses interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changes in fair value on these instruments attributable to changes in the designated benchmark interest rates. Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve receiving payment of fixed-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Corporation paying variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as fair value hedges, as allowed under U.S. GAAP, the Corporation applied the "shortcut" method of accounting, which permits the assumption of perfect effectiveness. The gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in interest expense. These items, along with the net interest from the derivative, are reported in the same income statement line as the fixed-rate debt expense.

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Corporation is exposed to variability in cash flows on its floating rate assets due to changes in benchmark interest rates. The Corporation uses interest rate swaps to hedge certain forecasted transactions for the variability in cash flows attributable to the contractually specified interest rate in order to add stability to net interest income and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve receiving fixed-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Corporation making variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. These items, along with the net interest from the derivative, are reported in the same income statement line as the interest income from the floating-rate assets.

When the relationship between the hedged item and hedging instrument is highly effective at achieving offsetting changes in cash flows attributable to the hedged risk, changes in the fair value of these cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other

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comprehensive income (loss) and are subsequently reclassified to interest income as interest payments are made on such variable rate loans.

Derivatives to Accommodate Customer Needs

The Corporation facilitates customer borrowing activity by entering into various derivative contracts which are designated as free standing derivative contracts. Free standing derivative products are entered into primarily for the benefit of commercial customers seeking to manage their exposures to interest rate risk and foreign currency. These derivative contracts are not designated against specific assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets or forecasted transactions and, therefore, do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. Such derivative contracts are carried at fair value in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets with changes in the fair value recorded as a component of capital markets, net, and typically include interest rate-related instruments (swaps and caps) and foreign currency exchange forwards. See Note 10 for additional information and disclosures on balance sheet offsetting.

Interest rate-related and other instruments: The Corporation provides interest rate risk management services to commercial customers, primarily interest rate swaps and caps. The Corporation’s market risk from unfavorable movements in interest rates related to these derivative contracts is generally economically hedged by concurrently entering into offsetting derivative contracts. The offsetting derivative contracts have identical notional values, terms, and indices, except in rare circumstances where the indices are not identical which creates a negligible basis mismatch. The Corporation also enters into credit risk participation agreements with financial institution counterparties for interest rate swaps related to loans as either a participant or a lead bank. The risk participation agreements entered into by the Corporation as a participant bank provide credit protection to the financial institution counterparty should the borrower fail to perform on its interest rate derivative contract with that financial institution.

Foreign currency exchange forwards: The Corporation provides foreign currency exchange services to customers, primarily forward contracts. The Corporation's customers enter into a foreign currency exchange forward with the Corporation as a means for them to mitigate exchange rate risk. The Corporation mitigates its risk by then entering into an offsetting foreign currency exchange derivative contract.

Mortgage Derivatives

Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale and forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans are considered derivative instruments, and the fair value of these commitments are recorded in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets with the changes in fair value recorded as a component of mortgage banking, net on the consolidated statements of income.

Interest rate-related instruments for MSRs hedge: The fair value of the Corporation's MSRs asset changes in response to changes in primary mortgage loan rates and other assumptions. To mitigate the earnings volatility caused by changes in the fair value of MSRs, the Corporation designates certain financial instruments as an economic hedge. Changes in the fair value of these instruments are generally expected to partially offset changes in the fair value of MSRs and are recorded in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets with the changes in fair value recorded as a component of mortgage banking, net on the consolidated statements of income.

The following table presents the total notional amounts and gross fair values of the Corporation’s derivatives, as well as the balance sheet netting adjustments as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The derivative assets and liabilities are presented on a gross basis prior to the application of bilateral collateral and master netting agreements, but after the variation margin payments with central clearing organizations have been applied as settlement, as applicable. Total derivative assets and liabilities are adjusted to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral received or paid as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The resulting net derivative asset and liability fair values are included in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets.

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	Jun 30, 2023								Dec 31, 2022
	Asset				Liability				Asset				Liability
($ in thousands)	Notional Amount		Fair Value		Notional Amount		Fair Value		Notional Amount		Fair Value		Notional Amount		Fair Value
Designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate-related instruments	$	100,000	$	1,587	$	2,750,000	$	12,682	$	900,000	$	4,349	$	1,150,000	$	1,260
Not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate-related and other instruments	4,344,168		115,311		4,698,706		242,507		4,246,823		62,401		4,599,391		251,398
Foreign currency exchange forwards	486,539		3,295		478,848		3,038		499,078		1,922		461,134		1,801
Mortgage banking(a)(b)	39,392		768		71,500		—		21,265		86		33,000		46
Total not designated as hedging instruments			119,374				245,544				64,410				253,245
Gross derivatives before netting			120,961				258,226				68,759				254,506
Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements			3,924				3,924				2,788				2,788
Less: Cash collateral pledged/received			63,452				12				26,898				217
Total derivative instruments, after netting			$	53,584			$	254,290			$	39,072			$	251,500

(a) The notional amount of the mortgage derivative asset includes interest rate lock commitments, while the notional amount of the mortgage derivative liability includes forward commitments.
(b) At June 30, 2023 the mortgage derivative asset included approximately $336,000 of forward commitments fair value.

The following table presents amounts that were recorded on the consolidated balance sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges:

	Line Item in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in Which the Hedged Item is Included
	Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)		Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)
($ in thousands)	June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
Other long-term funding	$	(542,153)	$	7,847	$	(248,145)	$	1,855
FHLB Advances	(582,033)		17,967		(585,692)		14,308
Total	$	(1,124,186)	$	25,814	$	(833,837)	$	16,163

The Corporation terminated its $500 million fair value hedge during the fourth quarter of 2019. At June 30, 2023, the amortized cost basis of the closed portfolios which had previously been used in the terminated hedging relationship was $306 million and is included in loans on the consolidated balance sheets. This amount includes $1 million of hedging adjustments on the discontinued hedging relationships, which are not presented in the table above.

The table below identifies the effect of fair value and cash flow hedge accounting on the Corporation's consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Location and Amount Recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income in Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
	Three months ended Jun 30,						Six Months Ended Jun 30,
	2023				2022		2023				2022
($ in thousands)	Interest Income		Interest Expense		Interest Income		Interest Income		Interest Expense		Interest Income
Total amounts of income/expense presented on the consolidated statements of income in which the effects of the fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded(a)	$	(3,376)	$	4,329	$	(129)	$	(4,697)	$	6,844	$	(308)
The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging: Impact on fair value hedging relationships in Subtopic 815-20
Interest contracts:
Hedged items	(57)		(20,375)		(129)		(115)		(9,651)		(308)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments(a)	(3,319)		24,704		—		(4,581)		16,495		—

(a) Includes net settlements on the derivatives.

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The following table presents the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended Jun 30,				Six Months Ended Jun 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest rate-related instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments
Amount of (loss) recognized in OCI on cash flow hedge derivative(a)	$	(34,147)	$	—	$	(20,384)	$	—
Amount of loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into interest income(a)	3,319		—		4,581		—

(a) The entirety of (losses) recognized in OCI as well as the losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into interest income were included components in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.

Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to cash flow hedge derivatives are reclassified to interest income as interest payments are made on the hedged variable interest rate assets. The Corporation estimates that $17 million will be reclassified as a decrease to interest income over the next 12 months. This amount could differ from amounts actually recognized due to changes in interest rates, hedge de-designations, or the addition of other hedges subsequent to June 30, 2023. The maximum length of time over which the Corporation is hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows is 41 months as of June 30, 2023.

The table below identifies the effect of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments on the Corporation's consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Consolidated Statements of Income Category of Gain / (Loss)  Recognized in Income	Three Months Ended Jun 30,				Six Months Ended Jun 30,
($ in thousands)		2023		2022		2023		2022
Derivative instruments
Interest rate-related and other instruments — customer and mirror, net	Capital markets, net	$	207	$	8	$	138	$	565
Interest rate-related instruments — MSRs hedge	Mortgage banking, net	(2,195)		(5,346)		326		(9,012)
Foreign currency exchange forwards	Capital markets, net	138		254		136		377
Interest rate lock commitments (mortgage)	Mortgage banking, net	93		1,210		345		(1,631)
Forward commitments (mortgage)	Mortgage banking, net	777		(4,885)		382		(128)

Note 10 Balance Sheet Offsetting

Interest Rate-Related Instruments and Foreign Exchange Forwards (“Interest and Foreign Exchange Agreements”)

The Corporation enters into interest rate-related instruments to facilitate the interest rate risk management strategies of commercial customers and foreign exchange forwards to manage customers' exposure to fluctuating foreign exchange rates. The Corporation typically mitigates these risks by entering into equal and offsetting agreements with highly rated third-party financial institutions, though in rare circumstances the agreements are not perfectly equal and offsetting, which creates a negligible basis mismatch. The Corporation is party to master netting arrangements with some of its financial institution counterparties that create single net settlements of all legal claims or obligations to pay or receive the net amount of settlement of the individual interest and foreign exchange agreements. Collateral, usually in the form of investment securities and cash, is posted by the counterparty with net liability positions in accordance with contract thresholds. Derivatives subject to a legally enforceable master netting agreement are reported with assets and liabilities offset resulting in a net position which is further offset by any cash collateral, and is reported in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on the face of the consolidated balance sheets. For disclosure purposes, the net position on the consolidated balance sheets can be further netted down by investment securities collateral received or pledged. See Note 9 for additional information on the Corporation’s derivative and hedging activities.

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The following table presents the interest rate and foreign exchange assets and liabilities subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The interest rate and foreign exchange agreements the Corporation has with its commercial customers are not subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement and are therefore excluded from this table:

	Gross Amounts Recognized		Gross Amounts Subject to Master Netting Arrangements Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets				Net Amounts Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets
($ in thousands)			Derivative Liabilities Offset		Cash Collateral Received				Security Collateral Received		Net  Amount
Derivative assets
June 30, 2023	$	111,588	$	(3,924)	$	(63,452)	$	44,211	$	(32,563)	$	11,648
December 31, 2022	63,029		(2,788)		(26,898)		33,342		(30,753)		2,589
	Gross Amounts Recognized		Gross Amounts Subject to Master Netting Arrangements Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets				Net Amounts Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets
($ in thousands)			Derivative Assets Offset		Cash Collateral Pledged				Security Collateral Pledged		Net  Amount
Derivative liabilities
June 30, 2023	$	16,392	$	(3,924)	$	(12)	$	12,456	$	—	$	12,456
December 31, 2022	3,096		(2,788)		(217)		91		—		91

Note 11 Commitments, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Legal Proceedings, and Regulatory Matters

The Corporation utilizes a variety of financial instruments in the normal course of business to meet the financial needs of its customers and to manage its own exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. These financial instruments include lending-related and other commitments (see below) as well as derivative instruments (see Note 9). The following is a summary of lending-related commitments:

($ in thousands)	Jun 30, 2023		Dec 31, 2022
Commitments to extend credit, excluding commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale(a)(b)	$	11,516,228	$	12,444,275
Commercial letters of credit(a)	3,728		3,188
Standby letters of credit(c)	252,513		270,692

(a) These off-balance sheet financial instruments are exercisable at the market rate prevailing at the date the underlying transaction will be completed and, thus, are deemed to have no current fair value, or the fair value is based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements and was not material at June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

(b) Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale are considered derivative instruments and are disclosed in Note 9.

(c) Standby letters of credit are presented excluding participations. The Corporation has established a liability of $3 million at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, as an estimate of the fair value of these financial instruments.

Lending-related Commitments

As a financial services provider, the Corporation routinely enters into commitments to extend credit. Such commitments are subject to the same credit policies and approval process accorded to loans made by the Corporation, with each customer’s creditworthiness evaluated on a case-by-case basis. The commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee. The Corporation’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to these financial instruments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Corporation upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Since a significant portion of commitments to extend credit are subject to specific restrictive loan covenants or may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash flow requirements. An allowance for unfunded commitments is maintained at a level believed by management to be sufficient to absorb expected lifetime losses related to unfunded commitments (including unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit).

The following table presents a summary of the changes in the allowance for unfunded commitments:

($ in thousands)	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023		Year Ended December 31, 2022
Allowance for unfunded commitments
Balance at beginning of period	$	38,776	$	39,776
Provision for unfunded commitments	(500)		(1,000)
Balance at end of period	$	38,276	$	38,776

Lending-related commitments include commitments to extend credit, commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale, commercial letters of credit, and standby letters of credit. Commitments to extend credit are legally binding agreements

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to lend to customers at predetermined interest rates, as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contracts. Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale and forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans are considered derivative instruments, and the fair value of these commitments is recorded in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Corporation’s derivative and hedging activity is further described in Note 9. Commercial and standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Commercial letters of credit are issued specifically to facilitate commerce and typically result in the commitment being drawn on when the underlying transaction is consummated between the customer and the third party, while standby letters of credit generally are contingent upon the failure of the customer to perform according to the terms of the underlying contract with the third party.

Other Commitments

The Corporation invests in qualified affordable housing projects, historic projects, new market projects, and opportunity zone funds for the purpose of community reinvestment and obtaining tax credits and other tax benefits. Return on the Corporation's investment in these projects and funds comes in the form of the tax credits and tax losses that pass through to the Corporation, and deferral or elimination of capital gain recognition for tax purposes. The aggregate carrying value of these investments at June 30, 2023 was $231 million, compared to $250 million at December 31, 2022, included in tax credit and other investments on the consolidated balance sheets. The Corporation utilizes the proportional amortization method to account for investments in qualified affordable housing projects.

Under the proportional amortization method, the Corporation amortizes the initial cost of the investment in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits. The Corporation recognized additional income tax expense attributable to the amortization of investments in qualified affordable housing projects of $17 million and $16 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively, and $9 million and $8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively. The Corporation's remaining investment in qualified affordable housing projects accounted for under the proportional amortization method totaled $228 million at June 30, 2023 and $246 million at December 31, 2022.

The Corporation’s unfunded equity contributions relating to investments in qualified affordable housing and historic projects are recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Corporation’s remaining unfunded equity contributions totaled $30 million at June 30, 2023 and $40 million at December 31, 2022. Additionally, at June 30, 2023, the Corporation also invests in a private SBA loan fund, recorded in equity securities on the consolidated balance sheets, the purpose of which is to identify CRA qualifying loans within a target region, which has a remaining unfunded equity contribution of $5 million.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022, the Corporation did not record any impairment related to qualified affordable housing investments.

The Corporation has principal investment commitments to provide capital-based financing to private companies through either direct investment in specific companies or through investment funds and partnerships. The timing of future cash requirements to fund such principal investment commitments is generally dependent on the investment cycle, whereby privately held companies are funded by private equity investors and ultimately sold, merged, or taken public through an initial offering, which can vary based on overall market conditions, as well as the nature and type of industry in which the companies operate. The Corporation also invests in loan pools that support CRA loans. The timing of future cash requirements to fund these pools is dependent upon loan demand, which can vary over time. The aggregate carrying value of these investments was $32 million at June 30, 2023 and $27 million at December 31, 2022, included in tax credit and other investments on the consolidated balance sheets.

Legal Proceedings

The Corporation is party to various pending and threatened claims and legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business activities, some of which involve claims for substantial amounts. Although there can be no assurance as to the ultimate outcomes, the Corporation believes it has meritorious defenses to the claims asserted against it in its currently outstanding matters and intends to continue to defend itself vigorously with respect to such legal proceedings. The Corporation will consider settlement of cases when, in management’s judgment, it is in the best interests of the Corporation and its shareholders.

On at least a quarterly basis, the Corporation assesses its liabilities and contingencies in connection with all pending or threatened claims and litigation, utilizing the most recent information available. On a matter by matter basis, an accrual for loss is established for those matters which the Corporation believes it is probable that a loss may be incurred and that the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated. Once established, each accrual is adjusted as appropriate to reflect any subsequent developments. Accordingly, management’s estimate will change from time to time, and actual losses may be more or less than

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the current estimate. For matters where a loss is not probable, or the amount of the loss cannot be estimated, no accrual is established.

Resolution of legal claims is inherently unpredictable, and in many legal proceedings various factors exacerbate this inherent unpredictability, including where the damages sought are unsubstantiated or indeterminate, it is unclear whether a case brought as a class action will be allowed to proceed on that basis, discovery is not complete, the proceeding is not yet in its final stages, the matters present legal uncertainties, there are significant facts in dispute, there are a large number of parties (including where it is uncertain how liability, if any, will be shared among multiple defendants), or there is a wide range of potential results.

The Corporation believes that the legal proceedings currently pending against it should not have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s consolidated financial condition. The Corporation notes, however, that in light of the uncertainties involved in such proceedings, there is no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not significantly exceed the reserves it has currently accrued or that a matter will not have material reputational consequences. As a result, the outcome of a particular matter may be material to the Corporation’s operating results for a particular period, depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of the Corporation’s income for that period.

Regulatory Matters

A variety of consumer products, including mortgage and deposit products, and certain fees and charges related to such products, have come under increased regulatory scrutiny. It is possible that regulatory authorities could bring enforcement actions, including civil money penalties, or take other actions against the Corporation in regard to these consumer products. The Bank could also determine of its own accord, or be required by regulators, to refund or otherwise make remediation payments to customers in connection with these products. It is not possible at this time for management to assess the probability of a material adverse outcome or reasonably estimate the amount of any potential loss related to such matters.

Mortgage Repurchase Reserve

The Corporation sells residential mortgage loans to investors in the normal course of business. Residential mortgage loans sold to others are predominantly conventional residential first lien mortgages originated under the Corporation's usual underwriting procedures, and are most often sold on a nonrecourse basis, primarily to the GSEs. The Corporation’s agreements to sell residential mortgage loans in the normal course of business usually require certain representations and warranties on the underlying loans sold, related to credit information, loan documentation, collateral, and insurability. Subsequent to being sold, if a material underwriting deficiency or documentation defect is discovered, the Corporation may be obligated to repurchase the loan or reimburse the GSEs for losses incurred (collectively, “make whole requests”). The make whole requests and any related risk of loss under the representations and warranties are largely driven by borrower performance. The Corporation also sells qualifying residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies into GNMA pools.

As a result of make whole requests, the Corporation has repurchased loans with aggregate principal balances of $4 million and $6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022, respectively. There were no loss reimbursement and settlement claims paid in the six months ended June 30, 2023 or for the year ended December 31, 2022. Make whole requests since January 1, 2022 generally arose from loans originated since January 1, 2021 with such balances totaling $2.6 billion at the time of sale, consisting primarily of loans sold to GSEs. As of June 30, 2023, $2.2 billion of those loans originated since January 1, 2021 remain outstanding.

The balance in the mortgage repurchase reserve at the balance sheet date reflects the estimated amount of potential loss the Corporation could incur from repurchasing a loan, as well as loss reimbursements, indemnifications, and other settlement resolutions. The mortgage repurchase reserve, included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, was approximately $522,000 at June 30, 2023 and $1 million at December 31, 2022.

The Corporation may also sell residential mortgage loans with limited recourse (limited in that the recourse period ends prior to the loan’s maturity, usually after certain time and/or loan paydown criteria have been met), whereby repurchase could be required if the loan had defined delinquency issues during the limited recourse periods. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were $15 million and $7 million, respectively, of residential mortgage loans sold with such recourse risk. There have been limited instances and immaterial historical losses on repurchases for recourse under the limited recourse criteria.

The Corporation has a subordinate position to the FHLB in the credit risk on residential mortgage loans it sold to the FHLB in exchange for a monthly credit enhancement fee. The Corporation has not sold loans to the FHLB with such credit risk retention since February 2005. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were $18 million and $19 million, respectively, of such residential mortgage loans with credit risk recourse, upon which there have been immaterial historical losses to the Corporation.

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Note 12 Fair Value Measurements

Fair value represents the estimated price at which an orderly transaction to sell an asset or to transfer a liability would take place between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions (i.e., an exit price concept).

The valuation methodologies for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis are described in the Fair Value Measurements note in the Corporation’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The table below presents the Corporation’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall:

($ in thousands)	Fair Value Hierarchy	Jun 30, 2023		Dec 31, 2022
Assets
AFS investment securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	Level 1	$	109,954	$	109,378
Agency securities	Level 2	13,517		13,532
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)	Level 2	222,487		230,714
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA / FHLMC	Level 2	1,520,939		1,604,610
GNMA	Level 2	1,290,640		497,596
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA / FHLMC	Level 2	17,095		17,142
GNMA	Level 2	183,346		110,462
Asset backed securities:
FFELP	Level 2	140,166		151,191
SBA	Level 2	3,721		4,477
Other debt securities	Level 2	2,913		2,922
Total AFS investment securities	Level 1	$	109,954	$	109,378
Total AFS investment securities	Level 2	3,394,824		2,632,647
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values	Level 1	6,652		5,991
Residential loans held for sale	Level 2	38,083		20,383
Mortgage servicing rights, net	Level 3	80,449		77,351
Interest rate-related instruments designated as hedging instruments(a)	Level 2	1,587		4,349
Interest rate-related and other instruments not designated as hedging instruments(a)	Level 2	115,311		62,401
Foreign currency exchange forwards(a)	Level 2	3,295		1,922
Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale	Level 3	431		86
Forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans	Level 3	336		—
Liabilities
Interest rate-related instruments designated as hedging instruments(a)	Level 2	$	12,682	$	1,260
Interest rate-related and other instruments not designated as hedging instruments(a)	Level 2	242,507		251,398
Foreign currency exchange forwards(a)	Level 2	3,038		1,801
Forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans	Level 3	—		46

(a) Figures are presented gross before netting. See Note 9 and Note 10 for information relating to the impact of offsetting derivative assets and liabilities and cash collateral with the
    same counterparty where there is a legally enforceable master netting agreement in place.

40

The table below presents a rollforward of the consolidated balance sheets amounts for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022, for the Corporation's mortgage derivatives measured on a recurring basis and classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:

($ in thousands)	Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale		Forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans		Total
Balance December 31, 2021	$	2,617	$	(30)	$	2,647
New production	10,442		(2,028)		12,470
Closed loans / settlements	(913)		24,766		(25,679)
Other	(12,060)		(22,662)		10,603
Change in mortgage derivative	(2,531)		76		(2,607)
Balance December 31, 2022	$	86	$	46	$	40
New production	$	2,594	$	(790)	$	3,384
Closed loans / settlements	(1,370)		519		(1,890)
Other	(879)		(112)		(767)
Change in mortgage derivative	345		(382)		727
Balance June 30, 2023	$	431	$	(336)	$	768

The following table presents the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values still held as of June 30, 2023 that are measured under the measurement alternative and the related adjustments recorded during the periods presented for those securities with observable price changes. These securities are included in the nonrecurring fair value tables when applicable price changes are observable. Also shown are the cumulative upward and downward adjustments for the Corporation's equity securities without readily determinable fair values as of June 30, 2023:

($ in thousands)
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values
Carrying value as of December 31, 2022	$	19,225
Purchases	5,006
Carrying value as of June 30, 2023	$	24,231
Cumulative upward carrying value changes between January 1, 2018 and June 30, 2023	$	19,134
Cumulative downward carrying value changes/impairment between January 1, 2018 and June 30, 2023	$	—

The table below presents the Corporation’s assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall:

($ in thousands)	Fair Value Hierarchy	Fair Value		Consolidated Statements of Income Category of Adjustment Recognized in Income	Adjustment Recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income(a)
June 30, 2023
Assets
Individually evaluated loans	Level 3	$	39,384	Provision for credit losses	$	15,549
OREO(b)	Level 2	801		Other noninterest expense / provision for credit losses(c)	359
December 31, 2022
Assets
Individually evaluated loans	Level 3	$	23,584	Provision for credit losses	$	4,405
OREO(b)	Level 2	2,196		Other noninterest expense / provision for credit losses(c)	971
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values	Level 3	19,134		Investment securities gains (losses), net	5,690

(a) Includes the full year impact on the consolidated statements of income.
(b) If the fair value of the collateral exceeds the carrying amount of the asset, no charge off or adjustment is necessary, the asset is not considered to be carried at fair value and is therefore not included in the table.
(c) When a property's value is written down at the time it is transferred to OREO, the charge off is booked to the provision for credit losses. When a property is already in OREO and subsequently written down, the charge off is booked to other noninterest expense.

Certain nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include the fair value analysis in the goodwill impairment test as well as intangible assets and other nonfinancial long-lived assets measured at fair value for the purpose of impairment assessment.

41

The table below presents the unobservable inputs that are readily quantifiable pertaining to Level 3 measurements:

June 30, 2023	Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Input	Range of Inputs			Weighted Average Input Applied
Mortgage servicing rights	Discounted cash flow	Option adjusted spread	7%	-	9%	7%
Mortgage servicing rights	Discounted cash flow	Constant prepayment rate	1%	-	100%	6%
Individually evaluated loans	Appraisals / Discounted cash flow	Collateral / Discount factor	19%	-	48%	38%
Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale	Discounted cash flow	Closing Ratio	40%	-	100%	85%

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Corporation is required to disclose estimated fair values for its financial instruments.

Fair value estimates are set forth below for the Corporation’s financial instruments:

		Jun 30, 2023				Dec 31, 2022
($ in thousands)	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks	Level 1	$	407,620	$	407,620	$	436,952	$	436,952
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions	Level 1	190,881		190,881		156,693		156,693
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell	Level 1	31,160		31,160		27,810		27,810
AFS investment securities	Level 1	109,954		109,954		109,378		109,378
AFS investment securities	Level 2	3,394,824		3,394,824		2,632,647		2,632,647
HTM investment securities, net	Level 1	999		940		999		936
HTM investment securities, net	Level 2	3,937,878		3,401,027		3,959,399		3,400,028
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values	Level 1	6,652		6,652		5,991		5,991
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values	Level 2	5,000		5,000		—		—
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values	Level 3	19,231		19,231		19,225		19,225
FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stocks	Level 2	271,637		271,637		295,496		295,496
Residential loans held for sale	Level 2	38,083		38,083		20,383		20,383
Commercial loans held for sale	Level 2	15,000		15,000		—		—
Loans, net	Level 3	29,510,153		28,581,324		28,486,849		27,481,426
Bank and corporate owned life insurance	Level 2	678,578		678,578		676,530		676,530
Mortgage servicing rights, net	Level 3	80,449		80,449		77,351		77,351
Derivatives (other assets)(a)	Level 2	120,193		120,193		68,672		68,672
Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale (other assets)	Level 3	431		431		86		86
Forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans (other assets)	Level 3	336		336		—		—
Financial liabilities
Noninterest-bearing demand, savings, interest-bearing demand, and money market accounts	Level 3	$	25,902,970	$	25,902,970	$	27,705,996	$	27,705,996
Brokered CDs and other time deposits(b)	Level 2	6,111,439		6,111,439		1,930,158		1,930,158
Short-term funding	Level 2	341,253		341,159		605,937		605,205
FHLB advances	Level 2	3,630,747		3,616,943		4,319,861		4,322,264
Other long-term funding	Level 2	534,273		516,464		248,071		242,151
Standby letters of credit(c)	Level 2	2,719		2,719		2,881		2,881
Derivatives (accrued expenses and other liabilities)(a)	Level 2	258,226		258,226		254,459		254,459
Forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans (accrued expenses and other liabilities)	Level 3	—		—		46		46

(a) Figures are presented gross before netting. See Note 9 and Note 10 for information relating to the impact of offsetting derivative assets and liabilities and cash collateral with the
    same counterparty where there is a legally enforceable master netting agreement in place.
(b) When the estimated fair value is less than the carrying value, the carrying value is reported as the fair value.
(c) The commitment on standby letters of credit was $253 million at June 30, 2023 and $271 million at December 31, 2022. See Note 11 for additional information on the standby letters of credit and for information on the fair value of lending-related commitments.

Note 13 Retirement Plans

The Corporation has a noncontributory defined benefit RAP, covering substantially all employees who meet participation requirements. The benefits are based primarily on years of service and the employee’s compensation paid. Employees of acquired entities generally participate in the RAP after consummation of the business combinations. Any retirement plans of

42

acquired entities are typically merged into the RAP after completion of the mergers, and credit is usually given to employees for years of service at the acquired institution for vesting and eligibility purposes.

The Corporation also provides legacy healthcare access to a limited group of retired employees from a previous acquisition in the Postretirement Plan. There are no other active retiree healthcare plans.

The components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic benefit cost for the RAP and Postretirement Plan for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended Jun 30,				Six Months Ended Jun 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
RAP
Service cost	$	796	$	923	$	1,592	$	1,847
Interest cost	2,686		1,772		5,372		3,545
Expected return on plan assets	(8,202)		(6,736)		(16,404)		(13,472)
Amortization of prior service cost	(63)		(63)		(125)		(125)
Amortization of actuarial loss	—		74		37		147
Total net periodic pension cost	$	(4,783)	$	(4,029)	$	(9,528)	$	(8,059)
Postretirement Plan
Interest cost	$	20	$	13	$	39	$	27
Amortization of prior service cost	(19)		(19)		(38)		(38)
Amortization of actuarial loss (gain)	(7)		—		(15)		—
Total net periodic benefit cost	$	(7)	$	(6)	$	(13)	$	(11)

The components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic benefit cost, other than the service cost component, are included in the line item other of noninterest expense on the consolidated statements of income. The service cost components are included in personnel on the consolidated statements of income.

The Corporation’s funding policy is to pay at least the minimum amount required by federal law and regulations, with consideration given to the maximum funding amounts allowed. The Corporation regularly reviews the funding of its RAP. There were no contributions during 2022 or the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Note 14 Segment Reporting

The Corporation utilizes a risk-based internal profitability measurement system to provide strategic business unit reporting. The profitability measurement system is based on internal management methodologies designed to produce consistent results and reflect the underlying economics of the units. Certain strategic business units have been combined for segment information reporting purposes where the nature of the products and services, the type of customer, and the distribution of those products and services are similar. The three reportable segments are Corporate and Commercial Specialty; Community, Consumer, and Business; and Risk Management and Shared Services. The financial information of the Corporation’s segments has been compiled utilizing the accounting policies described in the Corporation’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, with certain exceptions. The more significant of these exceptions are described herein.

The reportable segment results are presented based on the Corporation's internal management accounting process. The management accounting policies and processes utilized in compiling segment financial information are highly subjective and, unlike financial accounting, are not based on authoritative guidance similar to U.S. GAAP. As a result, reported segments and the financial information of the reported segments are not necessarily comparable with similar information reported by other financial institutions. Furthermore, changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures may result in changes in previously reported segment financial data. Additionally, the information presented is not indicative of how the segments would perform if they operated as independent entities.

To determine financial performance of each segment, the Corporation allocates FTP assignments, the provision for credit losses, certain noninterest expenses, income taxes, and equity to each segment. Allocation methodologies are subject to periodic adjustment as the internal management accounting system is revised, the interest rate environment evolves, and business or product lines within the segments change. Also, because the development and application of these methodologies is a dynamic process, the financial results presented may be periodically reviewed.

The Corporation allocates net interest income using an internal FTP methodology that charges users of funds (assets, primarily loans) and credits providers of funds (liabilities, primarily deposits) based on the maturity, prepayment and/or re-pricing characteristics of the assets and liabilities. The net effect of this allocation is offset in the Risk Management and Shared

43

Services segment to ensure consolidated totals reflect the Corporation's net interest income. The net FTP allocation is reflected as net intersegment interest income (expense) in the accompanying tables.

The provision for credit losses is allocated to segments based on the expected long-term annual net charge off rates attributable to the credit risk of loans managed by the segment during the period. In contrast, the level of the consolidated provision for credit losses is determined based on an ACLL model using the methodologies described in the Corporation’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The net effect of the credit provision is recorded in Risk Management and Shared Services. Indirect expenses incurred by certain centralized support areas are allocated to segments based on actual usage (for example, volume measurements) and other criteria. Certain types of administrative expense and bank-wide expense accruals (including, when applicable, amortization of CDIs and other intangible assets associated with acquisitions, acquisition-related costs, and asset gains on disposed business units) are generally not allocated to segments. Income taxes are allocated to segments based on the Corporation’s estimated effective tax rate, with certain segments adjusted for any tax-exempt income or non-deductible expenses. Equity is allocated to the segments based on regulatory capital requirements and in proportion to an assessment of the inherent risks associated with the business of the segment (including interest, credit and operating risk).

A brief description of each business segment is presented below. A more in-depth discussion of these segments can be found in the Segment Reporting note in the Corporation’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The Corporate and Commercial Specialty segment serves a wide range of customers including larger businesses, developers, not-for-profits, municipalities, and financial institutions by providing lending and deposit solutions as well as the support to deliver, fund, and manage such banking solutions. In addition, this segment provides a variety of investment, fiduciary, and retirement planning products and services to individuals and small to mid-sized businesses. The Community, Consumer, and Business segment serves individuals, as well as small and mid-sized businesses, by providing lending and deposit solutions. The Risk Management and Shared Services segment includes key shared operational functions and also includes residual revenue and expenses, representing the difference between actual amounts incurred and the amounts allocated to operating segments, including interest rate risk residuals (FTP mismatches) and credit risk and provision residuals (long-term credit charge mismatches).

Information about the Corporation’s segments is presented below:

	Corporate and Commercial Specialty
	Three Months Ended Jun 30,				Six Months Ended Jun 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net interest income	$	240,542	$	111,359	$	459,665	$	201,992
Net intersegment interest income (expense)	(100,711)		(5,301)		(181,691)		3,224
Segment net interest income	139,831		106,058		277,975		205,216
Noninterest income	32,447		39,229		65,162		76,958
Total revenue	172,278		145,287		343,136		282,174
Provision for credit losses	13,674		12,246		27,456		24,900
Noninterest expense	61,083		56,679		123,144		113,207
Income before income taxes	97,521		76,361		192,536		144,067
Income tax expense	17,096		13,974		34,833		26,281
Net income	$	80,425	$	62,387	$	157,703	$	117,786
Allocated goodwill					$	525,836	$	525,836

	Community, Consumer, and Business
	Three Months Ended Jun 30,				Six Months Ended Jun 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net interest income	$	72,460	$	76,999	$	152,744	$	146,543
Net intersegment interest income	105,841		30,638		193,920		49,470
Segment net interest income	178,301		107,636		346,664		196,013
Noninterest income	30,256		32,121		56,206		65,327
Total revenue	208,558		139,757		402,870		261,341
Provision for credit losses	7,328		4,924		14,086		9,580
Noninterest expense	109,028		104,967		220,722		203,428
Income before income taxes	92,201		29,866		168,062		48,332
Income tax expense	19,362		6,272		35,293		10,150
Net income	$	72,839	$	23,594	$	132,769	$	38,183
Allocated goodwill					$	579,156	$	579,156

44

	Risk Management and Shared Services
	Three Months Ended Jun 30,				Six Months Ended Jun 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net interest income	$	(55,085)	$	27,789	$	(80,483)	$	55,358
Net intersegment (expense)	(5,130)		(25,337)		(12,229)		(52,694)
Segment net interest income (loss)	(60,216)		2,452		(92,712)		2,664
Noninterest income	2,840		4,108		6,249		7,640
Total revenue	(57,376)		6,560		(86,463)		10,304
Provision for credit losses	1,097		(17,172)		(1,471)		(38,472)
Noninterest expense	20,562		19,774		34,219		38,077
Income (loss) before income taxes	(79,035)		3,959		(119,211)		10,700
Income tax expense (benefit)	(12,926)		3,117		(19,254)		5,583
Net income (loss)	$	(66,109)	$	842	$	(99,958)	$	5,117
Allocated goodwill					$	—	$	—

	Consolidated Total
	Three Months Ended Jun 30,				Six Months Ended Jun 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net interest income	$	257,917	$	216,146	$	531,927	$	403,893
Net intersegment interest income	—		—		—		—
Segment net interest income	257,917		216,146		531,927		403,893
Noninterest income	65,543		75,458		127,616		149,925
Total revenue	323,460		291,604		659,543		553,819
Provision for credit losses	22,100		(2)		40,071		(3,992)
Noninterest expense	190,673		181,420		378,086		354,712
Income before income taxes	110,687		110,187		241,386		203,099
Income tax expense	23,533		23,363		50,873		42,013
Net income	$	87,154	$	86,824	$	190,514	$	161,086
Allocated goodwill					$	1,104,992	$	1,104,992

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Note 15 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following tables summarize the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at June 30, 2023 and 2022, including changes during the preceding three and six month periods as well as any reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):

($ in thousands)	AFS Investment Securities		Cash Flow Hedge Derivatives		Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Obligations		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance December 31, 2022	$	(233,192)	$	3,360	$	(42,968)	$	(272,799)
Other comprehensive (loss) before reclassifications	(12,588)		—		—		(12,588)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
HTM investment securities, net, at amortized cost	4,556		—		—		4,556
Other assets / accrued expenses and other liabilities	—		(20,384)		—		(20,384)
Interest income	—		4,581		—		4,581
Personnel expense	—		—		(163)		(163)
Other expense	—		—		22		22
Income tax benefit	1,951		3,173		8		5,132
Net other comprehensive loss during period	(6,081)		(12,630)		(132)		(18,843)
Balance June 30, 2023	$	(239,273)	$	(9,270)	$	(43,099)	$	(291,642)
Balance December 31, 2021	$	(5,266)	$	—	$	(5,051)	$	(10,317)
Other comprehensive (loss) before reclassifications	(168,321)		—		—		(168,321)
Unrealized (losses) on AFS securities transferred to HTM securities	(67,604)		—		—		(67,604)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Investment securities (gains), net	(12)		—		—		(12)
HTM investment securities, net, at amortized cost	4,381		—		—		4,381
Personnel expense	—		—		(163)		(163)
Other expense	—		—		147		147
Income tax benefit	59,096		—		4		59,100
Net other comprehensive (loss) during period	(172,460)		—		(12)		(172,472)
Balance June 30, 2022	$	(177,726)	$	—	$	(5,062)	$	(182,788)

($ in thousands)	AFS Investment Securities		Cash Flow Hedge Derivatives		Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Obligations		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance March 31, 2023	$	(204,339)	$	13,691	$	(42,940)	$	(233,588)
Other comprehensive (loss) before reclassifications	(49,066)		—		—		(49,066)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
HTM investment securities, net, at amortized cost	2,289		—		—		2,289
Other assets / accrued expenses and other liabilities	—		(34,147)		—		(34,147)
Interest income	—		3,319		—		3,319
Personnel expense	—		—		(81)		(81)
Other expense	—		—		(7)		(7)
Income tax (expense) benefit	11,843		7,867		(71)		19,639
Net other comprehensive (loss) during period	(34,934)		(22,961)		(159)		(58,054)
Balance June 30, 2023	$	(239,273)	$	(9,270)	$	(43,099)	$	(291,642)
Balance March 31, 2022	$	(131,968)	$	—	$	(5,057)	$	(137,024)
Other comprehensive (loss) before reclassifications	(65,038)		—		—		(65,038)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Investment securities losses, net	8		—		—		8
HTM investment securities, net, at amortized cost	3,273		—		—		3,273
Personnel expense	—		—		(81)		(81)
Other expense	—		—		74		74
Income tax benefit	15,998		—		2		16,000
Net other comprehensive (loss) during period	(45,758)		—		(6)		(45,764)
Balance June 30, 2022	$	(177,726)	$	—	$	(5,062)	$	(182,788)

46

Note 16 Leases

The Corporation has operating leases for retail and corporate offices and land. The Corporation also has a finance lease for retail and corporate offices.

These leases have original terms of 1 year or longer with remaining maturities up to 39 years, some of which include options to extend the lease term. An analysis of the lease options has been completed and any purchase options or optional periods that the Corporation is reasonably likely to extend have been included in the capitalization.

The discount rate used to capitalize the operating leases is the Corporation's FHLB borrowing rate on the date of lease commencement. When determining the rate to discount specific lease obligations, the repayment period and term are considered.

Operating and finance lease costs and cash flows resulting from these leases are presented below:

	Three Months Ended Jun 30,				Six Months Ended Jun 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease costs	$	1,479	$	1,926	$	2,942	$	3,724
Finance lease costs	23		32		46		73
Operating lease cash flows	1,698		2,327		3,526		4,735
Finance lease cash flows	23		37		46		80

The lease classifications on the consolidated balance sheets were as follows:

($ in thousands)	Consolidated Balance Sheets Category	Jun 30, 2023		Dec 31, 2022
Operating lease right-of-use asset	Premises and equipment	$	23,793	$	25,617
Finance lease right-of-use asset	Other assets	412		455
Operating lease liability	Accrued expenses and other liabilities	26,108		28,357
Finance lease liability	Other long-term funding	427		469

The lease payment obligations, weighted-average remaining lease term, and weighted-average original discount rate were as follows:

	Jun 30, 2023					Dec 31, 2022
($ in thousands)	Lease payments		Weighted-average lease term (in years)	Weighted-average discount rate		Lease payments		Weighted-average lease term (in years)	Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases
Retail and corporate offices	$	23,972	5.58	2.74	%	$	26,140	5.92	2.62	%
Land	4,371		7.29	3.16	%	4,766		7.59	3.14	%
Total operating leases	$	28,343	5.83	2.80	%	$	30,906	6.17	2.70	%
Finance leases
Retail and corporate offices	$	440	4.75	1.32	%	$	485	5.25	1.32	%
Total finance leases	$	440	4.75	1.32	%	$	485	5.25	1.32	%

Contractual lease payment obligations for each of the next five years and thereafter, in addition to a reconciliation to the Corporation’s lease liability, were as follows:

($ in thousands)	Operating Leases		Finance Leases		Total Leases
Six months ended December 31, 2023	$	3,004	$	46	$	3,050
2024	5,757		93		5,850
2025	4,830		93		4,923
2026	4,481		93		4,574
2027	3,807		93		3,899
Beyond 2027	6,464		23		6,488
Total lease payments	$	28,343	$	440	$	28,783
Less: interest	2,235		13		2,248
Present value of lease payments	$	26,108	$	427	$	26,535

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, additional operating leases, primarily retail and corporate offices, that had not yet commenced totaled $12 million and $13 million, respectively. The leases that had not yet commenced as of June 30, 2023 will commence between July 2023 and December 2024 with lease terms of 1 year to 7 years.

47

ITEM 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains statements that may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe-harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, such as statements other than historical facts contained or incorporated by reference into this report. These forward-looking statements include statements with respect to the Corporation’s financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business, including statements preceded by, followed by or that include the words “believes,” “expects,” or “anticipates,” references to estimates or similar expressions. Future filings by the Corporation with the SEC, and future statements other than historical facts contained in written material, press releases and oral statements issued by, or on behalf of the Corporation may also constitute forward-looking statements.

All forward-looking statements contained in this report or which may be contained in future statements made for or on behalf of the Corporation are based upon information available at the time the statement is made and the Corporation assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, except as required by federal securities law. Forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, and the Corporation’s actual results may differ materially from the expected results discussed in such forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause actual results to differ from the results discussed in forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the risk factors in Item 1A, Risk Factors, in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, and as may be described from time to time in the Corporation’s subsequent SEC filings.

Overview

The following discussion and analysis is presented to assist in the understanding and evaluation of the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations. It is intended to complement the unaudited consolidated financial statements, footnotes, and supplemental financial data appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and should be read in conjunction therewith. Management continually evaluates strategic acquisition opportunities and various other strategic alternatives that could involve the sale or acquisition of branches or other assets, or the consolidation or creation of subsidiaries. Within the tables presented, certain columns and rows may not sum due to the use of rounded numbers for disclosure purposes.

Performance Summary

•Average loans of $29.1 billion increased $4.4 billion, or 18%, from the first six months of 2022, with growth in all major loan categories. For 2023, the Corporation expects period end loan growth of 6% to 8%.

•Average deposits of $30.6 billion increased $2.2 billion, or 8%, from the first six months of 2022, driven by increases in time deposits and network transaction deposits. For 2023, the Corporation expects end of period core customer deposit compression of 3% with growth of 2% in the second half of the year.

•Net interest income of $532 million increased $128 million, or 32%, from the first six months of 2022, and net interest margin was 2.93% compared to 2.57% for the first six months of 2022. The increase in net interest income was driven by higher interest income as a result of growth in balances across all loan categories, which also benefited from the Federal Reserve increasing the federal funds target interest rate 350 bp since June 30, 2022. For 2023, the Corporation expects net interest income growth of 10% to 12%.

•Provision for credit losses had a provision of $40 million, compared to a release of $4 million for the first six months of 2022, primarily due to loan growth, limited credit movement, and macro trends. For 2023, the Corporation expects to adjust provision to reflect changes to risk grades, economic conditions, loan volumes, and other indications of credit quality.

•Noninterest income of $128 million decreased $22 million, or 15%, from the first six months of 2022, partially driven by an $8 million, or 24%, decrease in service charges and deposit account fees primarily due to previously announced initiatives to reduce or eliminate many deposit account fees. Additionally, capital markets, net decreased $6 million, or 39%, as a result of lower interest rate swap revenue and syndication fees. For 2023, the Corporation expects total noninterest income to compress by 8% to 10%.

•Noninterest expense of $378 million increased $23 million, or 7%, from the first six months of 2022, primarily driven by higher personnel expense largely as a result of increased FTEs due to hiring related to previously announced initiatives and continued investment in our employees. For 2023, the Corporation expects total noninterest expense to grow by 3% to 4%.

48

Table 1 Summary Results of Operations: Trends

	Six months ended						Three months ended
($ in thousands, except per share data)	Jun 30, 2023			Jun 30, 2022			Jun 30, 2023			Mar 31, 2023			Dec 31, 2022			Sep 30, 2022			Jun 30, 2022
Net income	$	190,514		$	161,086		$	87,154		$	103,360		$	108,762		$	96,275		$	86,824
Net income available to common equity	184,764			155,336			84,279			100,485			105,887			93,400			83,949
Earnings per common share - basic	1.23			1.04			0.56			0.67			0.70			0.62			0.56
Earnings per common share - diluted	1.22			1.03			0.56			0.66			0.70			0.62			0.56
Effective tax rate	21.08		%	20.69		%	21.26		%	20.92		%	18.89		%	21.37		%	21.20		%

49

Income Statement Analysis

Net Interest Income

Table 2 Net Interest Income Analysis

	Six Months Ended Jun 30,
	2023					2022
($ in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Income / Expense		Average Yield / Rate	Average Balance		Interest Income / Expense		Average Yield / Rate
Assets
Earning assets
Loans(a)(b)(c)
Commercial and business lending	$	10,758,464	$	351,254	6.58%	$	9,334,947	$	126,756	2.74%
Commercial real estate lending	7,273,402		247,054		6.85%	6,270,743		97,119		3.12%
Total commercial	18,031,866		598,308		6.69%	15,605,690		223,876		2.89%
Residential mortgage	8,643,335		142,767		3.30%	7,766,296		113,837		2.93%
Auto finance	1,572,773		36,159		4.64%	498,175		8,667		3.51%
Other retail	895,720		38,629		8.65%	881,382		22,032		5.02%
Total loans	29,143,694		815,864		5.64%	24,751,542		368,412		2.99%
Investment securities
Taxable	5,109,481		65,987		2.58%	4,392,926		34,789		1.58%
Tax-exempt(a)	2,322,132		40,344		3.47%	2,405,952		40,933		3.40%
Other short-term investments	502,325		11,415		4.58%	751,407		4,413		1.18%
Investments and other	7,933,938		117,746		2.97%	7,550,285		80,135		2.12%
Total earning assets	37,077,632		$	933,610	5.06%	32,301,828		$	448,547	2.79%
Other assets, net	3,007,684					3,166,026
Total assets	$	40,085,316				$	35,467,853
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits
Savings	$	4,707,451	$	25,019	1.07%	$	4,606,809	$	910	0.04%
Interest-bearing demand	6,738,715		64,880		1.94%	6,566,704		4,002		0.12%
Money market	7,137,912		85,167		2.41%	6,970,392		3,168		0.09%
Network transaction deposits	1,308,434		31,252		4.82%	755,357		1,745		0.47%
Time deposits	3,681,352		65,301		3.58%	1,284,037		1,766		0.28%
Total interest-bearing deposits	23,573,864		271,618		2.32%	20,183,299		11,591		0.12%
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	357,369		5,404		3.05%	374,661		444		0.24%
Commercial paper	14,745		1		0.01%	25,545		2		0.01%
FHLB advances	4,024,052		99,222		4.97%	2,019,622		17,871		1.78%
Long-term funding	475,961		15,876		6.67%	249,719		5,460		4.37%
Total short and long-term funding	4,872,128		120,503		4.98%	2,669,547		23,776		1.79%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	28,445,992		$	392,121	2.78%	22,852,845		$	35,367	0.31%
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	7,003,151					8,224,440
Other liabilities	540,457					428,752
Stockholders’ equity	4,095,717					3,961,816
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	40,085,316				$	35,467,853
Interest rate spread					2.28%					2.48%
Net free funds					0.65%					0.09%
Fully tax-equivalent net interest income and net interest margin			$	541,490	2.93%			$	413,179	2.57%
Fully tax-equivalent adjustment			9,563					9,286
Net interest income			$	531,927				$	403,893

(a) The yield on tax-exempt loans and securities is computed on a fully tax-equivalent basis using a tax rate of 21% and is net of the effects of certain disallowed interest deductions.

(b) Nonaccrual loans and loans held for sale have been included in the average balances.
(c) Interest income includes amortization of net deferred loan origination costs and net accreted purchase loan discount.

50

Table 2 Net Interest Income Analysis

	Three Months Ended,
	Jun 30, 2023					Mar 31, 2023					Jun 30, 2022
($ in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Income / Expense		Average Yield / Rate	Average Balance		Interest Income / Expense		Average Yield / Rate	Average Balance		Interest Income / Expense		Average Yield / Rate
Assets
Earning assets
Loans(a)(b)(c)
Commercial and business lending	$	10,899,337	$	184,080	6.77%	$	10,616,026	$	167,174	6.39%	$	9,604,612	$	71,276	2.98%
Commercial real estate lending	7,295,367		127,967		7.04%	7,251,193		119,087		6.66%	6,363,395		53,233		3.36%
Total commercial	18,194,703		312,047		6.88%	17,867,219		286,262		6.50%	15,968,007		124,509		3.13%
Residential mortgage	8,701,496		72,056		3.31%	8,584,528		70,711		3.30%	7,860,220		58,434		2.97%
Auto finance	1,654,523		19,701		4.78%	1,490,115		16,458		4.48%	689,027		6,017		3.50%
Other retail	887,574		20,135		9.08%	903,956		18,494		8.23%	880,910		11,370		5.17%
Total loans	29,438,297		423,939		5.77%	28,845,818		391,925		5.49%	25,398,163		200,331		3.16%
Investment securities
Taxable	5,304,381		35,845		2.70%	4,912,416		30,142		2.45%	4,435,273		18,317		1.65%
Tax-exempt(a)	2,314,825		20,152		3.48%	2,329,519		20,192		3.47%	2,427,068		20,637		3.40%
Other short-term investments	511,487		6,086		4.77%	493,061		5,329		4.37%	352,310		2,420		2.75%
Investments and other	8,130,693		62,083		3.05%	7,734,996		55,664		2.88%	7,214,651		41,374		2.29%
Total earning assets	37,568,991		$	486,022	5.18%	36,580,814		$	447,589	4.94%	32,612,813		$	241,705	2.97%
Other assets, net	2,989,321					3,026,251					3,119,770
Total assets	$	40,558,311				$	39,607,065				$	35,732,583
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Interest-bearing liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits
Savings	$	4,749,808	$	15,160	1.28%	$	4,664,624	$	9,859	0.86%	$	4,682,783	$	530	0.05%
Interest-bearing demand	6,663,775		34,961		2.10%	6,814,487		29,918		1.78%	6,413,077		2,977		0.19%
Money market	6,743,810		43,529		2.59%	7,536,393		41,637		2.24%	6,910,505		2,203		0.13%
Network transaction deposits	1,468,006		18,426		5.03%	1,147,089		12,825		4.53%	775,593		1,480		0.77%
Time deposits	4,985,949		50,119		4.03%	2,362,260		15,182		2.61%	1,255,292		829		0.26%
Total interest-bearing deposits	24,611,348		162,196		2.64%	22,524,853		109,422		1.97%	20,037,250		8,019		0.16%
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	285,754		2,261		3.17%	429,780		3,143		2.97%	454,519		406		0.36%
Commercial paper	12,179		—		0.01%	17,339		—		0.01%	23,154		1		0.01%
FHLB advances	3,796,106		49,261		5.20%	4,254,532		49,960		4.76%	2,423,771		9,689		1.60%
Long-term funding	543,003		9,596		7.07%	408,175		6,281		6.16%	249,805		2,730		4.37%
Total short and long-term funding	4,637,042		61,118		5.28%	5,109,826		59,384		4.71%	3,151,249		12,826		1.63%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	29,248,389		$	223,314	3.06%	27,634,679		$	168,807	2.48%	23,188,499		$	20,845	0.36%
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	6,669,787					7,340,219					8,133,492
Other liabilities	511,074					570,166					473,478
Stockholders’ equity	4,129,061					4,062,001					3,937,114
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	40,558,311				$	39,607,065				$	35,732,583
Interest rate spread					2.12%					2.46%					2.61%
Net free funds					0.68%					0.61%					0.10%
Fully tax-equivalent net interest income and net interest margin			$	262,708	2.80%			$	278,782	3.07%			$	220,860	2.71%
Fully tax-equivalent adjustment			4,791					4,772					4,713
Net interest income			$	257,917				$	274,010				$	216,146

(a) The yield on tax-exempt loans and securities is computed on a fully tax-equivalent basis using a tax rate of 21% and is net of the effects of certain disallowed interest deductions.

(b) Nonaccrual loans and loans held for sale have been included in the average balances.
(c) Interest income includes amortization of net deferred loan origination costs and net accreted purchase loan discount.

51

Notable Contributions to the Change in Net Interest Income

•Fully tax-equivalent net interest income and net interest income were $128 million, or 31%, and $128 million, or 32%, higher than the first six months of 2022, respectively. Average loans increased $4.4 billion, or 18%, and average investments and other short-term investments increased $384 million, or 5%, from the first six months of 2022. The increase in net interest income was driven by a higher federal funds target rate combined with growth in all major loan categories. Since June 30, 2022, the Federal Reserve increased the federal funds target interest rate 350 bp, which contributed to the yield on earning assets increasing by 227 bp. See sections Interest Rate Risk and Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk for a discussion of interest rate risk and market risk.

•    Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $5.6 billion, or 24%, compared to the first six months of 2022. Average interest-bearing deposits increased $3.4 billion, or 17%, primarily driven by increases in time deposits and network transaction deposits. Average noninterest-bearing demand deposits decreased $1.2 billion, or 15%, versus the first six months of 2022. Average FHLB advances increased $2.0 billion, or 99%, to fund balance sheet growth. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased 247 bp from the first six months of 2022.

Provision for Credit Losses

The provision for credit losses is predominantly a function of the Corporation’s reserving methodology and judgments as to other qualitative and quantitative factors used to determine the appropriate level of the ACLL, which focuses on changes in the size and character of the loan portfolio, changes in levels of individually evaluated and other nonaccrual loans, historical losses and delinquencies in each portfolio category, the risk inherent in specific loans, concentrations of loans to specific borrowers or industries, existing economic conditions and economic forecasts, the fair value of underlying collateral, and other factors which could affect potential credit losses. The forecast the Corporation used for June 30, 2023 was the Moody's baseline scenario from May 2023, which was reviewed against the June 2023 baseline scenario with no material updates made, over a 2 year reasonable and supportable period with straight-line reversion to historical losses over the second year of the period. See additional discussion under the sections titled Loans, Credit Risk, Nonperforming Assets, and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans.

Noninterest Income

Table 3 Noninterest Income

	Six months ended						Three months ended										Changes vs
($ in thousands, except as noted)	Jun 30, 2023		Jun 30, 2022		YTD % Change		Jun 30, 2023		Mar 31, 2023		Dec 31, 2022		Sep 30, 2022		Jun 30, 2022		Mar 31, 2023		Jun 30, 2022
Wealth management fees	$	40,672	$	43,735	(7)	%	$	20,483	$	20,189	$	20,403	$	19,984	$	21,332	1	%	(4)	%
Service charges and deposit account fees	25,366		33,363		(24)	%	12,372		12,994		13,918		15,029		16,506		(5)	%	(25)	%
Card-based fees	21,982		21,368		3	%	11,396		10,586		11,167		11,479		11,442		8	%	—	%
Other fee-based revenue	8,740		8,126		8	%	4,465		4,276		3,290		4,487		4,360		4	%	2	%
Total fee-based revenue	96,760		106,592		(9)	%	48,715		48,045		48,779		50,979		53,641		1	%	(9)	%
Capital markets, net	10,176		16,656		(39)	%	5,093		5,083		5,586		7,675		8,010		—	%	(36)	%
Mortgage banking, net	11,313		14,536		(22)	%	7,768		3,545		2,238		2,098		6,145		119	%	26	%
Bank and corporate owned life insurance	4,835		6,177		(22)	%	2,172		2,664		3,427		1,827		4,106		(18)	%	(47)	%
Other	4,501		4,086		10	%	2,080		2,422		4,102		2,527		1,888		(14)	%	10	%
Subtotal	127,586		148,048		(14)	%	65,827		61,758		64,132		65,106		73,790		7	%	(11)	%
Asset gains (losses), net	(35)		1,865		N/M		(299)		263		(545)		18		1,677		N/M		N/M
Investment securities gains (losses), net	66		12		N/M		14		51		(1,930)		5,664		(8)		(73)	%	N/M
Total noninterest income	$	127,616	$	149,925	(15)	%	$	65,543	$	62,073	$	61,657	$	70,788	$	75,458	6	%	(13)	%
Mortgage loans originated for sale during period	$	168,395	$	403,951	(58)	%	$	99,141	$	69,254	$	64,419	$	131,743	$	151,838	43	%	(35)	%
Mortgage loan settlements during period	151,167		500,410		(70)	%	96,514		54,652		94,682		119,942		204,321		77	%	(53)	%
Assets under management, at market value(a)							12,995		12,412		11,843		11,142		11,561		5	%	12	%

N/M = Not Meaningful
(a) $ in millions. Excludes assets held in brokerage accounts.

52

Notable Contributions to the Change in Noninterest Income

•Service charges and deposit account fees decreased $8 million from the first six months of 2022, primarily due to previously announced initiatives to reduce or eliminate many deposit account fees.

•Capital markets, net decreased $6 million from the first six months of 2022, as a result of lower interest rate swap revenue and syndication fees.

•Mortgage banking, net decreased $3 million from the first six months of 2022, which was primarily the result of increased MSRs expense related to the net valuation adjustments of the MSRs asset.

•Wealth management fees decreased $3 million from the first six months of 2022, mainly driven by market conditions.

Noninterest Expense

Table 4 Noninterest Expense

	Six months ended						Three months ended										Change vs
($ in thousands)	Jun 30, 2023		Jun 30, 2022		YTD % Change		Jun 30, 2023		Mar 31, 2023		Dec 31, 2022		Sep 30, 2022		Jun 30, 2022		Mar 31, 2023		Jun 30, 2022
Personnel	$	230,510	$	217,477	6	%	$	114,089	$	116,420	$	118,381	$	118,243	$	112,666	(2)	%	1	%
Technology	47,818		42,707		12	%	24,220		23,598		25,299		22,694		21,223		3	%	14	%
Occupancy	28,650		30,231		(5)	%	13,587		15,063		15,846		13,717		14,151		(10)	%	(4)	%
Business development and advertising	12,955		10,610		22	%	7,106		5,849		8,136		6,778		5,655		21	%	26	%
Equipment	9,906		9,920		—	%	4,975		4,930		4,791		4,921		4,960		1	%	—	%
Legal and professional	8,688		9,960		(13)	%	4,831		3,857		4,132		4,159		4,873		25	%	(1)	%
Loan and foreclosure costs	2,773		3,490		(21)	%	1,635		1,138		804		1,631		1,476		44	%	11	%
FDIC assessment	16,425		10,500		56	%	9,550		6,875		6,350		5,800		5,400		39	%	77	%
Other intangible amortization	4,405		4,405		—	%	2,203		2,203		2,203		2,203		2,203		—	%	—	%
Other	15,955		15,412		4	%	8,476		7,479		10,618		15,645		8,815		13	%	(4)	%
Total noninterest expense	$	378,086	$	354,712	7	%	$	190,673	$	187,412	$	196,560	$	195,791	$	181,420	2	%	5	%
Average FTEs(a)	4,223		4,060		4	%	4,227		4,219		4,169		4,182		4,101		—	%	3	%

(a) Average FTEs without overtime

Notable Contributions to the Change in Noninterest Expense

•Personnel expense increased $13 million from the first six months of 2022, largely as a result of increased FTEs due to hiring related to previously announced initiatives and continued investment in our employees.

•FDIC expense increased $6 million from the first six months of 2022, primarily driven by the FDIC's assessment rate change on January 1, 2023. The Corporation is expecting additional FDIC assessment expense associated with the special assessment that was proposed by the FDIC in May 2023. The proposal would assess a 12.5 bp annual special assessment on the Bank's uninsured deposits reported in the Call Report for December 31, 2022, excluding the first $5 billion of uninsured deposits, and would be in place for two years. The Bank's Call Report uninsured deposits at December 31, 2022 were $15.7 billion. Once an assessment is approved, the full expense for the two year period will be recognized.

•Technology expense increased $5 million from the first six months of 2022, driven by digital investments tied to our strategic initiatives.

Income Taxes

The Corporation recognized income tax expense of $51 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to income tax expense of $42 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The Corporation's effective tax rate was 21.08% for the first six months of 2023, compared to an effective tax rate of 20.69% for the first six months of 2022. The increase in income tax expense during the first six months of 2023 was primarily driven by an increase in income before tax. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily driven by an increase in state tax expense. The Corporation expects a full year effective tax rate of 20 to 21%, assuming no change in the statutory corporate tax rate.

Income tax expense recorded on the consolidated statements of income involves the interpretation and application of certain accounting pronouncements and federal and state tax laws and regulations. The Corporation is subject to examination by various taxing authorities. Examination by taxing authorities may impact the amount of tax expense and/or the reserve for uncertainty in income taxes if their interpretations differ from those of management, based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examinations.

53

Balance Sheet Analysis

•At June 30, 2023, total assets were $41.2 billion, up $1.8 billion, or 5%, from December 31, 2022 and up $4.0 billion, or 11%, from June 30, 2022.

•Interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions were $191 million at June 30, 2023, up $34 million, or 22%, from December 31, 2022 and down $246 million, or 56%, from June 30, 2022.

•AFS investment securities, at fair value were $3.5 billion at June 30, 2023, up $763 million, or 28%, from December 31, 2022, and up $827 million, or 31%, from June 30, 2022. HTM investment securities, net, at amortized cost were $3.9 billion at June 30, 2023, effectively flat from December 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022. See Note 5 Investment Securities of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional details.

•Loans of $29.8 billion at June 30, 2023 were up $1.0 billion, or 4%, from December 31, 2022 and up $3.4 billion, or 13%, from June 30, 2022. See Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional details.

•At June 30, 2023, total deposits of $32.0 billion were up $2.4 billion, or 8%, from December 31, 2022, and were up $3.4 billion, or 12%, from June 30, 2022. See section Deposits and Customer Funding for additional information on deposits.

•Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase were $326 million at June 30, 2023, down $259 million, or 44%, from December 31, 2022 and down $357 million, or 52%, from June 30, 2022. See Note 8 Short and Long-Term Funding of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional details.

•FHLB advances were $3.6 billion at June 30, 2023, down $689 million, or 16%, from December 31, 2022, and up $373 million, or 11%, from June 30, 2022. See Note 8 Short and Long-Term Funding of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional details.

•Other long-term funding was $534 million at June 30, 2023, up $286 million, or 115%, from December 31, 2022, and up $284 million, or 114%, from June 30, 2022, primarily driven by the Corporation's issuance of subordinated notes in February 2023. See Note 8 Short and Long-Term Funding of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional details.

Loans

Table 5 Period End Loan Composition

	Jun 30, 2023				Mar 31, 2023				Dec 31, 2022				Sep 30, 2022				Jun 30, 2022
($ in thousands)	Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total
Commercial and industrial	$	10,055,487	34	%	$	9,869,781	34	%	$	9,759,454	34	%	$	9,571,925	34	%	$	9,256,685	35	%
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	1,058,237		4	%	1,050,236		4	%	991,722		3	%	999,786		4	%	928,152		4	%
Commercial and business lending	11,113,724		37	%	10,920,017		37	%	10,751,176		37	%	10,571,711		38	%	10,184,836		38	%
Commercial real estate — investor	5,312,928		18	%	5,094,249		17	%	5,080,344		18	%	5,064,289		18	%	4,790,241		18	%
Real estate construction	2,009,060		7	%	2,147,070		7	%	2,155,222		7	%	1,835,159		7	%	1,775,648		7	%
Commercial real estate lending	7,321,988		25	%	7,241,318		25	%	7,235,565		25	%	6,899,449		25	%	6,565,889		25	%
Total commercial	18,435,711		62	%	18,161,335		62	%	17,986,742		62	%	17,471,159		63	%	16,750,726		63	%
Residential mortgage	8,746,345		29	%	8,605,164		29	%	8,511,550		30	%	8,314,902		30	%	8,002,943		30	%
Auto finance	1,777,974		6	%	1,551,538		5	%	1,382,073		5	%	1,117,136		4	%	847,969		3	%
Home equity	615,506		2	%	609,787		2	%	624,353		2	%	612,608		2	%	592,843		2	%
Other consumer	273,367		1	%	279,248		1	%	294,851		1	%	301,475		1	%	300,217		1	%
Total consumer	11,413,193		38	%	11,045,737		38	%	10,812,828		38	%	10,346,121		37	%	9,743,972		37	%
Total loans	$	29,848,904	100	%	$	29,207,072	100	%	$	28,799,569	100	%	$	27,817,280	100	%	$	26,494,698	100	%

The Corporation has long-term guidelines relative to the proportion of Commercial and Business, CRE, and Consumer loan commitments within the overall loan portfolio, with each targeted to represent 30 to 40% of the overall loan portfolio. The targeted long-term guidelines were unchanged during 2022 and the first six months of 2023. Furthermore, certain sub-asset classes within the respective portfolios are further defined and dollar limitations are placed on these sub-portfolios. These guidelines and limits are reviewed quarterly and approved annually by the Enterprise Risk Committee of the Corporation’s Board of Directors. These guidelines and limits are designed to create balance and diversification within the loan portfolios.

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The Corporation’s loan distribution and interest rate sensitivity as of June 30, 2023 are summarized in the following table:

Table 6 Loan Distribution and Interest Rate Sensitivity

($ in thousands)	Within 1 Year(a)		1-5 Years		5-15 Years		Over 15 Years		Total		% of Total
Commercial and industrial	$	9,183,930	$	598,847	$	263,925	$	8,785	$	10,055,487	34	%
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	655,338		273,263		129,085		551		1,058,237		4	%
Commercial real estate — investor	4,935,559		226,478		150,891		—		5,312,928		18	%
Real estate construction	1,926,421		43,163		30,511		8,964		2,009,060		7	%
Commercial - adjustable	11,097,930		23,442		14,287		—		11,135,660		37	%
Commercial - fixed	5,603,318		1,118,309		560,124		18,300		7,300,051		24	%
Residential mortgage - adjustable	300,091		930,644		1,924,361		303		3,155,400		11	%
Residential mortgage - fixed	4,714		93,998		564,358		4,927,876		5,590,945		19	%
Auto finance	404		573,279		1,204,291		—		1,777,974		6	%
Home equity	547,957		14,361		43,895		9,293		615,506		2	%
Other consumer	196,469		36,126		27,129		13,643		273,367		1	%
Total loans	$	17,750,885	$	2,790,159	$	4,338,445	$	4,969,415	$	29,848,904	100	%
Fixed-rate	$	5,652,691	$	1,834,401	$	2,399,797	$	4,969,112	$	14,856,000	50	%
Floating or adjustable rate	12,098,194		955,758		1,938,648		303		14,992,904		50	%
Total	$	17,750,885	$	2,790,159	$	4,338,445	$	4,969,415	$	29,848,904	100	%

(a) Demand loans, past due loans, overdrafts, and credit cards are reported in the “Within 1 Year” category.

At June 30, 2023, $20.6 billion, or 69%, of the loans outstanding and $16.7 billion, or 91%, of the commercial loans outstanding were floating rate, adjustable rate, re-pricing within one year, or maturing within one year.

Credit Risk

An active credit risk management process is used for commercial loans to ensure that sound and consistent credit decisions are made. Credit risk is controlled by detailed underwriting procedures, comprehensive loan administration, and periodic review of borrowers’ outstanding loans and commitments. Borrower relationships are formally reviewed and graded on an ongoing basis for early identification of potential problems. Further analysis by customer, industry, and geographic location are performed to monitor trends, financial performance, and concentrations. See Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information on managing overall credit quality.

The loan portfolio is widely diversified by types of borrowers, industry groups, and market areas within the Corporation's branch footprint. Significant loan concentrations are considered to exist when there are amounts loaned to numerous borrowers engaged in similar activities that would cause them to be similarly impacted by economic or other conditions. At June 30, 2023, no significant concentrations existed in the Corporation’s portfolio in excess of 10% of total loan exposure.

Commercial and business lending: The commercial and business lending classification primarily includes commercial loans to large corporations, middle market companies, small businesses, and asset-based and equipment financing.

Table 7 Largest Commercial and Industrial Industry Group Exposures, by NAICS Subsector

June 30, 2023	NAICS Subsector	Outstanding Balance		Total Exposure		% of Total Loan Exposure
Real Estate(a)	531	$	1,925,372	$	3,536,824	9	%
Utilities(b)	221	2,323,847		2,697,698		7	%
Credit Intermediation and Related Activities(c)	522	878,548		1,902,378		5	%

(a) Includes REIT lines.

(b) 51% of the total exposure comes from renewable energy sources (wind, solar, hydroelectric, and geothermal).

(c) Includes mortgage warehouse lines.

The remaining commercial and industrial portfolio is spread over a diverse range of industries, none of which exceed 2% of total loan exposure.

The CRE-owner occupied portfolio is spread over a diverse range of industries, none of which exceed 2% of total loan exposure.

The credit risk related to commercial and business lending is largely influenced by general economic conditions and the resulting impact on a borrower’s operations or on the value of underlying collateral, if any.

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Commercial real estate - investor: CRE-investor is comprised of loans secured by various non-owner occupied or investor income producing property types.

Table 8 Largest Commercial Real Estate Investor Property Type Exposures

June 30, 2023	% of Total Loan Exposure		% of Total Commercial Real Estate - Investor Loan Exposure
Multi-Family	5	%	34	%
Industrial	3	%	25	%
Office	3	%	21	%

The remaining CRE-investor portfolio is spread over various other property types, none of which exceed 2% of total loan exposure.

Credit risk is managed in a similar manner to commercial and business lending by employing sound underwriting guidelines, lending primarily to borrowers in local markets and businesses, periodically evaluating the underlying collateral, and formally reviewing the borrower’s financial soundness and relationship on an ongoing basis.

Real estate construction: Real estate construction loans are primarily short-term or interim loans that provide financing for the acquisition or development of commercial income properties, multi-family projects, or residential development, both single family and condominium. Real estate construction loans are made to developers and project managers who are generally well known to the Corporation and have prior successful project experience. The credit risk associated with real estate construction loans is generally confined to specific geographic areas but is also influenced by general economic conditions. The Corporation controls the credit risk on these types of loans by making loans in familiar markets to developers, reviewing the merits of individual projects, controlling loan structure, and monitoring project progress and construction advances.

Table 9 Largest Real Estate Construction Property Type Exposures

June 30, 2023	% of Total Loan Exposure		% of Total Real Estate Construction Loan Exposure
Multi-Family	4	%	43	%
Industrial	2	%	24	%

The remaining real estate construction portfolio is spread over various other property types, none of which exceed 2% of total loan exposure.

The Corporation’s current lending standards for CRE and real estate construction lending are determined by property type and specifically address many criteria, including: maximum loan amounts, maximum LTV, requirements for pre-leasing and/or presales, minimum borrower equity, and maximum loan-to-cost. Currently, the maximum standard for LTV is 80%, with lower limits established for certain higher risk types, such as raw land that has a 50% LTV maximum. The Corporation’s LTV guidelines are in compliance with regulatory supervisory limits. In most cases, for real estate construction loans, the loan amounts include interest reserves, which are built into the loans and sized to fund loan payments through construction and lease up and/or sell out.

Residential mortgages: Residential mortgage loans are primarily first lien home mortgages with a maximum loan-to-collateral value without credit enhancement (e.g. private mortgage insurance) of 80%. The residential mortgage portfolio is focused primarily in the Corporation's three-state branch footprint, with approximately 87% of the outstanding loan balances in the Corporation's branch footprint at June 30, 2023. The rates on adjustable rate mortgages adjust based upon the movement in the underlying index which is then added to a margin and rounded to the nearest 0.125%. That result is then subjected to any periodic caps to produce the borrower's interest rate for the coming term. Most of the adjustable rate mortgages have an initial fixed rate term of 3, 5, 7 or 10 years.

The Corporation generally retains certain fixed-rate residential real estate mortgages in its loan portfolio, including retail and private banking jumbo mortgages and CRA-related mortgages. As part of management’s historical practice of originating and servicing residential mortgage loans, generally the Corporation’s 30 year, agency conforming, fixed-rate residential real estate mortgage loans have been sold in the secondary market with servicing rights retained. Subject to management’s analysis of the current interest rate environment, among other market factors, the Corporation may choose to retain mortgage loan production on its balance sheet.

The Corporation’s underwriting and risk-based pricing guidelines for residential mortgage loans include minimum borrower FICO score and maximum LTV of the property securing the loan. Residential mortgage products generally are underwritten using FHLMC and FNMA secondary marketing guidelines.

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Home equity: Home equity consists of both home equity lines of credit and closed-end home equity loans. The Corporation’s credit risk monitoring guidelines for home equity are based on an ongoing review of loan delinquency status, as well as a quarterly review of FICO score deterioration and property devaluation. The Corporation does not routinely obtain appraisals on performing loans to update LTV ratios after origination; however, the Corporation monitors the local housing markets by reviewing the various home price indices and incorporates the impact of the changing market conditions in its ongoing credit monitoring process. For junior lien home equity loans, the Corporation is unable to track the performance of the first lien loan if it does not own or service the first lien loan. However, the Corporation obtains a refreshed FICO score on a quarterly basis and monitors this as part of its assessment of the home equity portfolio.

The Corporation’s underwriting and risk-based pricing guidelines for home equity lines of credit and loans consist of a combination of both borrower FICO score and the original cumulative LTV against the property securing the loan. Currently, the Corporation's policy sets the maximum acceptable LTV at 90%. The Corporation's current home equity line of credit offering is priced based on floating rate indices and generally allows 10 years of interest-only payments followed by a 20-year amortization of the outstanding balance. The loans in the Corporation's portfolio generally have an original term of 20 years with principal and interest payments required.

Indirect Auto: The Corporation currently purchases retail auto sales contracts via a network of approved auto dealerships across 14 states throughout the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic and Midwestern United States. The auto dealerships finance the sale of automobiles as the initial lender and then assign the contracts to the Corporation pursuant to dealer agreements. The Corporation’s underwriting and pricing guidelines are based on a dual risk grade derived from a combination of FICO auto score and proprietary internal custom score. Minimum grade and FICO score standards ensure the credit risk is appropriately managed to the Corporation’s risk appetite. Further, the grade influences loan-specific parameters such as vehicle age, term, LTV, loan amount, mileage, payment and debt service thresholds, and pricing. Maximum loan terms offered are 84 months on select grades with vehicle age, mileage, and other limitations in place to qualify. The program is designed to capture primarily prime and super prime contracts. Over time, the Corporation expects roughly 60% of originations to be secured by used vehicles.

Other consumer: Other consumer consists of student loans, short-term personal installment loans, and credit cards. The Corporation had $69 million and $76 million of student loans at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, the majority of which are government guaranteed. Federally guaranteed student loan payments are scheduled to resume in October 2023 after over three years of payment moratoriums that began as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Corporation is not originating new student loans and the student loan portfolio is in run-off. Credit risk for non-government guaranteed student loans, short-term personal installment loans, and credit cards is influenced by general economic conditions, the characteristics of individual borrowers, and the nature of the loan collateral. Risks of loss are generally on smaller average balances per loan spread over many borrowers. Once charged off, there is usually less opportunity for recovery of these smaller consumer loans. Credit risk is primarily controlled by reviewing the creditworthiness of the borrowers, monitoring payment histories, and taking appropriate collateral and guarantee positions.

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Nonperforming Assets

Management is committed to a proactive nonaccrual and problem loan identification philosophy. This philosophy is implemented through the ongoing monitoring and review of all pools of risk in the loan portfolio to ensure that problem loans are identified quickly and the risk of loss is minimized. Table 10 provides detailed information regarding NPAs, which include nonaccrual loans, OREO, and repossessed assets:

Table 10 Nonperforming Assets

($ in thousands)	Jun 30, 2023			Mar 31, 2023			Dec 31, 2022			Sep 30, 2022			Jun 30, 2022
Nonperforming assets
Commercial and industrial	$	34,907		$	22,735		$	14,329		$	15,576		$	843
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	1,444			1,478			—			—			—
Commercial and business lending	36,352			24,213			14,329			15,576			843
Commercial real estate — investor	22,068			25,122			29,380			37,479			46,823
Real estate construction	125			178			105			141			604
Commercial real estate lending	22,193			25,300			29,485			37,620			47,427
Total commercial	58,544			49,513			43,814			53,196			48,270
Residential mortgage	61,718			58,274			58,480			55,485			52,840
Auto finance	3,065			2,436			1,490			302			53
Home equity	7,788			7,246			7,487			7,325			7,100
Other consumer	163			100			197			98			83
Total consumer	72,733			68,056			67,654			63,210			60,075
Total nonaccrual loans	131,278			117,569			111,467			116,406			108,345
Commercial real estate owned	1,062			3,071			325			325			957
Residential real estate owned	870			2,987			2,878			2,560			3,042
Bank properties real estate owned(a)	5,643			9,125			11,580			13,487			13,880
OREO	7,575			15,184			14,784			16,373			17,879
Repossessed assets	348			92			215			299			102
Total nonperforming assets	$	139,201		$	132,845		$	126,466		$	133,078		$	126,327
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more
Commercial	$	366		$	323		$	282		$	121		$	133
Consumer	1,360			1,380			1,446			1,297			1,422
Total accruing loans past due 90 days or more	$	1,726		$	1,703		$	1,728		$	1,417		$	1,555
Restructured loans (accruing)(b)
Commercial	$	168		$	47		$	13,093		$	16,097		$	15,425
Consumer	1,271			716			19,775			19,036			18,828
Total restructured loans (accruing)	$	1,439		$	763		$	32,868		$	35,132		$	34,253
Nonaccrual restructured loans (included in nonaccrual loans)(b)	$	796		$	341		$	20,127		$	21,650		$	22,172
Ratios
Nonaccrual loans to total loans	0.44		%	0.40		%	0.39		%	0.42		%	0.41		%
NPAs to total loans plus OREO and repossessed assets	0.47		%	0.45		%	0.44		%	0.48		%	0.48		%
NPAs to total assets	0.34		%	0.33		%	0.32		%	0.35		%	0.34		%
Allowance for credit losses on loans to nonaccrual loans	287.20		%	311.48		%	315.34		%	285.79		%	293.09		%

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Table 10 Nonperforming Assets (continued)

($ in thousands)	Jun 30, 2023		Mar 31, 2023		Dec 31, 2022		Sep 30, 2022		Jun 30, 2022
Accruing loans 30-89 days past due
Commercial and industrial	$	12,005	$	4,239	$	6,283	$	1,861	$	1,642
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	1,484		2,955		230		—		—
Commercial and business lending	13,489		7,195		6,512		1,861		1,642
Commercial real estate — investor	—		—		1,067		—		5,484
Real estate construction	76		—		39		43		—
Commercial real estate lending	76		—		1,105		43		5,484
Total commercial	13,565		7,195		7,618		1,904		7,126
Residential mortgage	8,961		7,626		9,874		6,517		5,315
Auto finance	11,429		8,640		9,408		6,206		2,906
Home equity	4,030		4,113		5,607		4,234		2,961
Other consumer	2,025		1,723		1,610		1,592		1,365
Total consumer	26,444		22,102		26,499		18,549		12,547
Total accruing loans 30-89 days past due	$	40,008	$	29,297	$	34,117	$	20,452	$	19,673
Potential problem loans
Commercial and industrial	$	205,228	$	135,047	$	136,549	$	108,556	$	104,645
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	29,396		32,077		34,422		28,287		38,628
Commercial and business lending	234,624		167,124		170,971		136,843		143,273
Commercial real estate — investor	106,662		89,653		92,535		117,982		132,635
Real estate construction	—		—		970		—		82
Commercial real estate lending	106,662		89,653		93,505		117,982		132,717
Total commercial	341,286		256,776		264,476		254,825		275,990
Residential mortgage	1,646		1,684		1,978		2,845		3,297
Home equity	240		244		197		185		188
Total consumer	1,886		1,928		2,175		3,030		3,486
Total potential problem loans	$	343,173	$	258,704	$	266,651	$	257,855	$	279,475

(a) Primarily closed branches and other bank operated real estate facilities, pending disposition.

(b) On January 1, 2023, the Corporation adopted ASU 2022-02. Under this update, TDRs were eliminated and replaced with a modified loan classification. As a result, amounts reported for March 31, 2023 and forward will not be comparable to prior period reported amounts.

Nonaccrual loans: Nonaccrual loans are considered to be one indicator of potential future loan losses. See Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional nonaccrual loan disclosures. See also sections Credit Risk and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans.

Accruing loans past due 90 days or more: Loans past due 90 days or more but still accruing interest are classified as such where the underlying loans are both well secured (the collateral value is sufficient to cover principal and accrued interest) and are in the process of collection.

Restructured loans: Loans are considered restructured loans if concessions have been granted to borrowers that are experiencing financial difficulty. On January 1, 2023, the Corporation adopted ASU 2022-02 prospectively. As a result, loans that were restructured prior to adoption are no longer considered TDRs, and loans restructured since January 1, 2023 are considered restructured. As a result, periods prior to 2023 are no longer comparable. See also Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional restructured loans disclosures.

Potential problem loans: The level of potential problem loans is another predominant factor in determining the relative level of risk in the loan portfolio and in determining the appropriate level of the ACLL. Potential problem loans are generally defined by management to include loans rated as substandard by management that are collectively evaluated; however, there are circumstances present to create doubt as to the ability of the borrower to comply with present repayment terms. The decision of management to include performing loans in potential problem loans does not necessarily mean that the Corporation expects losses to occur, but that management recognizes a higher degree of risk associated with these loans.

OREO: Management actively seeks to ensure OREO properties held are monitored to minimize the Corporation’s risk of loss.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

Credit risks within the loan portfolio are inherently different for each loan type. Credit risk is controlled and monitored through the use of lending standards, a thorough review of potential borrowers, and ongoing review of loan payment performance. Active asset quality administration, including early problem loan identification and timely resolution of problems, aids in the

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management of credit risk and the minimization of loan losses. Credit risk management for each loan type is discussed in the section entitled Credit Risk. See Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional disclosures on the ACLL.

To assess the appropriateness of the ACLL, the Corporation focuses on the evaluation of many factors, including but not limited to: evaluation of facts and issues related to specific loans, management’s ongoing review and grading of the loan portfolio, credit report refreshes, consideration of historical loan loss and delinquency experience on each portfolio category, trends in past due and nonaccrual loans, the level of potential problem loans, the risk characteristics of the various classifications of loan segments, changes in the size and character of the loan portfolio, concentrations of loans to specific borrowers or industries, existing economic conditions and economic forecasts, the fair value of underlying collateral, funding assumptions on lines, and other qualitative and quantitative factors which could affect potential credit losses. The forecast the Corporation used for June 30, 2023 was the Moody's baseline scenario from May 2023, which was reviewed against the June 2023 baseline scenario with no material updates made, over a 2 year reasonable and supportable period with straight-line reversion to historical losses over the second year of the period. Assessing these factors involves significant judgment. Because each of the criteria used is subject to change, the ACLL is not necessarily indicative of the trend of future credit losses on loans in any particular segment. Therefore, management considers the ACLL a critical accounting estimate, see section Critical Accounting Estimates for additional information on the ACLL. See section Nonperforming Assets for a detailed discussion on asset quality. See also Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional ACLL disclosures. Table 5 provides information on loan growth and period end loan composition, Table 10 provides additional information regarding NPAs, and Table 11 and Table 12 provide additional information regarding activity in the ACLL.

The loan segmentation used in calculating the ACLL at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was generally comparable. The methodology to calculate the ACLL consists of the following components: a valuation allowance estimate is established for commercial and consumer loans determined by the Corporation to be individually evaluated, using discounted cash flows, estimated fair value of underlying collateral, and/or other data available. Loans are segmented for criticized loan pools by loan type as well as for non-criticized loan pools by loan type, primarily based on risk rating rates after considering loan type, historical loss and delinquency experience, credit quality, and industry classifications. Loans that have been criticized are considered to have a higher risk of default than non-criticized loans, as circumstances were present to support the lower loan grade, warranting higher loss factors. Additionally, management allocates ACLL to absorb losses that may not be provided for by the other components due to qualitative factors evaluated by management, such as limitations within the credit risk grading process, known current economic or business conditions that may not yet show in trends, industry or other concentrations with current issues that impose higher inherent risks than are reflected in the loss factors, and other relevant considerations. The total allowance is available to absorb losses from any segment of the loan portfolio.

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Table 11 Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

	YTD				Quarter Ended
($ in thousands)	Jun 30, 2023		Jun 30, 2022		Jun 30, 2023			Mar 31, 2023			Dec 31, 2022			Sep 30, 2022			Jun 30, 2022
Allowance for loan losses
Balance at beginning of period	$	312,720	$	280,015	$	326,432		$	312,720		$	292,904		$	280,771		$	279,058
Provision for loan losses	40,500		(1,000)		23,500			17,000			21,000			14,000			2,000
Charge offs	(20,356)		(3,819)		(14,855)			(5,501)			(2,982)			(3,346)			(1,791)
Recoveries	5,886		5,576		3,674			2,212			1,798			1,478			1,504
Net (charge offs) recoveries	(14,470)		1,757		(11,181)			(3,289)			(1,183)			(1,867)			(287)
Balance at end of period	$	338,750	$	280,771	$	338,750		$	326,432		$	312,720		$	292,904		$	280,771
Allowance for unfunded commitments
Balance at beginning of period	$	38,776	$	39,776	$	39,776		$	38,776		$	39,776		$	36,776		$	38,776
Provision for unfunded commitments	(500)		(3,000)		(1,500)			1,000			(1,000)			3,000			(2,000)
Balance at end of period	$	38,276	$	36,776	$	38,276		$	39,776		$	38,776		$	39,776		$	36,776
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$	377,027	$	317,547	$	377,027		$	366,208		$	351,496		$	332,680		$	317,547
Provision for credit losses on loans	40,000		(4,000)		22,000			18,000			20,000			17,000			—
Net loan (charge offs) recoveries
Commercial and industrial	(12,936)		1,410		(11,177)			(1,759)			278			(897)			(444)
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	6		7		3			3			3			3			4
Commercial and business lending	(12,930)		1,417		(11,174)			(1,756)			281			(894)			(440)
Commercial real estate — investor	2,276		—		2,276			—			—			—			—
Real estate construction	—		33		(18)			18			16			9			2
Commercial real estate lending	2,275		33		2,257			18			16			9			2
Total commercial	(10,655)		1,450		(8,917)			(1,738)			297			(885)			(439)
Residential mortgage	(336)		508		(283)			(53)			(125)			(42)			220
Auto finance	(2,004)		(10)		(1,048)			(957)			(768)			(165)			(14)
Home equity	524		776		183			340			123			(101)			461
Other consumer	(1,998)		(967)		(1,117)			(881)			(711)			(675)			(516)
Total consumer	(3,815)		306		(2,264)			(1,550)			(1,480)			(983)			151
Total net (charge offs) recoveries	$	(14,470)	$	1,757	$	(11,181)		$	(3,289)		$	(1,183)		$	(1,867)		$	(287)
Ratios
Allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans					1.26		%	1.25		%	1.22		%	1.20		%	1.20		%
Allowance for credit losses on loans to net charge offs (annualized)	12.9x		N/M		8.4x			27.5x			74.9x			44.9x			N/M
Loan evaluation method for ACLL
Individually evaluated for impairment					$	12,268		$	11,585		$	10,324		$	15,739		$	10,068
Collectively evaluated for impairment					364,759			354,623			341,172			316,942			307,480
Total ACLL					$	377,027		$	366,208		$	351,496		$	332,680		$	317,547
Loan balance
Individually evaluated for impairment					$	58,109		$	48,934		$	76,577		$	87,712		$	81,457
Collectively evaluated for impairment					29,790,795			29,158,138			28,722,992			27,729,568			26,413,241
Total loan balance					$	29,848,904		$	29,207,072		$	28,799,569		$	27,817,280		$	26,494,698

N/M = Not Meaningful

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Table 12 Annualized Net (Charge Offs) Recoveries(a)

	YTD		Quarter Ended
(In basis points)	Jun 30, 2023	Jun 30, 2022	Jun 30, 2023	Mar 31, 2023	Dec 31, 2022	Sep 30, 2022	Jun 30, 2022
Net loan (charge offs) recoveries
Commercial and industrial	(27)	3	(46)	(7)	1	(4)	(2)
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Commercial and business lending	(24)	3	(41)	(7)	1	(3)	(2)
Commercial real estate — investor	9	—	18	—	—	—	—
Real estate construction	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Commercial real estate lending	6	—	12	—	—	—	—
Total commercial	(12)	2	(20)	(4)	1	(2)	(1)
Residential mortgage	(1)	1	(1)	—	(1)	—	1
Auto finance	(26)	—	(25)	(26)	(24)	(7)	(1)
Home equity	17	27	12	22	8	(7)	32
Other consumer	(144)	(66)	(163)	(125)	(95)	(89)	(70)
Total consumer	(7)	1	(8)	(6)	(6)	(4)	1
Total net (charge offs) recoveries	(10)	1	(15)	(5)	(2)	(3)	—

(a) Annualized ratio of net charge offs to average loans by loan type.

Notable Contributions to the Change in the Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

•Total loans increased $1.0 billion, or 4%, from December 31, 2022, and increased $3.4 billion, or 13%, from June 30, 2022. The increase from June 30, 2022 was driven by growth across nearly all major loan portfolios resulting from the Corporation's strategic initiatives. See also Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information on loans.

•Potential problem loans increased $77 million, or 29%, from December 31, 2022, and increased $64 million, or 23%, from June 30, 2022. The increase from December 31, 2022 was primarily driven by increases in potential problem loans within commercial and industrial and CRE-investor lending. The increase from June 30, 2022 was primarily driven by an increase within commercial and industrial lending, partially offset by a decrease within CRE-investor lending. See Table 10 for additional information regarding potential problem loans.

•Total nonaccrual loans increased $20 million, or 18%, from December 31, 2022, and increased $23 million, or 21%, from June 30, 2022. The increase from December 31, 2022 was primarily due to increases in nonaccrual loans within commercial and industrial lending, partially offset by a decrease within CRE-investor lending. The increase from June 30, 2022 was primarily driven by increases in commercial and industrial lending and residential mortgage lending, partially offset by a decrease in CRE-investor lending. See Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements and Table 10 for additional disclosures on the changes in asset quality.

•YTD net charge offs increased $16 million from June 30, 2022, primarily driven by an increase in net charge offs within commercial and industrial lending. See Table 11 and Table 12 for additional information on the activity in the ACLL.

Management believes the level of ACLL to be appropriate at June 30, 2023.

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Deposits and Customer Funding

The following table summarizes the composition of our deposits and customer funding:

Table 13 Period End Deposit and Customer Funding Composition

	Jun 30, 2023				Mar 31, 2023				Dec 31, 2022				Sep 30, 2022				Jun 30, 2022
($ in thousands)	Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total
Noninterest-bearing demand	$	6,565,666	21	%	$	7,328,689	24	%	$	7,760,811	26	%	$	8,224,579	28	%	$	8,085,702	28	%
Savings	4,777,415		15	%	4,730,472		16	%	4,604,848		16	%	4,708,720		16	%	4,708,156		16	%
Interest-bearing demand	7,037,959		22	%	6,977,121		23	%	7,100,727		24	%	7,122,218		24	%	6,789,722		24	%
Money market	7,521,930		23	%	8,357,625		28	%	8,239,610		28	%	7,909,232		27	%	7,769,415		27	%
Brokered CDs	3,818,325		12	%	1,185,565		4	%	541,916		2	%	—		—	%	2,121		—	%
Other time deposits	2,293,114		7	%	1,752,351		6	%	1,388,242		5	%	1,233,833		4	%	1,221,460		4	%
Total deposits	$	32,014,409	100	%	$	30,331,824	100	%	$	29,636,154	100	%	$	29,198,581	100	%	$	28,576,577	100	%
Other customer funding(a)	170,873				226,258				261,767				283,856				296,440
Total deposits and other customer funding	$	32,185,282			$	30,558,081			$	29,897,921			$	29,482,437			$	28,873,017
Network transaction deposits(b)	$	1,600,619			$	1,273,420			$	979,003			$	864,086			$	891,902
Net deposits and other customer funding(c)	26,766,338				28,099,096				28,377,001				28,618,351				27,978,993
Time deposits of more than $250,000	465,446				345,169				282,206				222,318				180,705

(a) Includes repurchase agreements and commercial paper.
(b) Included above in interest-bearing demand and money market.
(c) Total deposits and other customer funding, excluding brokered CDs and network transaction deposits.

•Total deposits, which are the Corporation's largest source of funds, increased $2.4 billion, or 8%, from December 31, 2022, and increased $3.4 billion, or 12%, from June 30, 2022, primarily due to increases in brokered CDs, other time deposits, and network transaction deposits, partially offset by a decrease in noninterest-bearing demand deposit accounts.

•Estimated uninsured and uncollateralized deposits, excluding intercompany deposits, were 20.8% of total deposits at June 30, 2023, compared to 26.4% at both December 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022.

Liquidity

The objective of liquidity risk management is to ensure that the Corporation has the ability to generate sufficient cash or cash equivalents in a timely and cost effective manner to satisfy the cash flow requirements of depositors and borrowers and to meet its other commitments as they become due. The Corporation’s liquidity risk management process is designed to identify, measure, and manage the Corporation’s funding and liquidity risk to meet its daily funding needs in the ordinary course of business, as well as to address expected and unexpected changes in its funding requirements. The Corporation engages in various activities to manage its liquidity risk, including diversifying its funding sources, stress testing, and holding readily-marketable assets which can be used as a source of liquidity, if needed.

The Corporation performs dynamic scenario analysis in accordance with industry best practices. Measures have been established to ensure the Corporation has sufficient high quality short-term liquidity to meet cash flow requirements under stressed scenarios. In addition, the Corporation also reviews static measures such as deposit funding as a percentage of total assets and liquid asset levels. Strong capital ratios, credit quality, and core earnings are also essential to maintaining cost effective access to wholesale funding markets. At June 30, 2023, the Corporation was in compliance with its internal liquidity objectives and had sufficient asset-based liquidity to meet its obligations even under a stressed scenario.

The Corporation maintains diverse and readily available liquidity sources, including:

•Lines of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank and FHLB, which require eligible loan and investment collateral to be pledged. Based on the amount of collateral pledged, the FHLB established a collateral value from which the Bank may draw advances, and issue letters of credit in favor of public fund depositors, against the collateral. As of June 30, 2023, the Bank had $5.1 billion available for future funding. The Federal Reserve Bank also establishes a collateral value of assets to support borrowings from the discount window. As of June 30, 2023, the Bank had $1.6 billion available for discount window borrowings.

•The BTFP, against which the Corporation can borrow with qualifying investment securities collateral, valued at par as permitted by the terms of the program. As of June 30, 2023, the Bank had up to $634 million available for borrowing under the BTFP.

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•A $200 million Parent Company commercial paper program, of which $15 million was outstanding as of June 30, 2023.

•Dividends and service fees from subsidiaries, as well as the proceeds from issuance of capital, which are also funding sources for the Parent Company.

•Acquisition related equity issuances by the Parent Company; the Corporation has filed a shelf registration statement with the SEC under which the Parent Company may, from time to time, offer shares of the Corporation’s common stock in connection with acquisitions of businesses, assets, or securities of other companies.

•Other issuances by the Parent Company; the Corporation maintains on file with the SEC a universal shelf registration statement, under which the Parent Company may offer the following securities, either separately or in units: debt securities, preferred stock, depositary shares, common stock, and warrants.

•Bank issuances; the Bank may also issue institutional CDs, network transaction deposits, and brokered CDs.

•Global Bank Note Program issuances; the Bank has implemented a program pursuant to which it may from time to time offer up to $2.0 billion aggregate principal amount of its unsecured senior and subordinated notes.

The following table presents secured and total available liquidity sources, estimated uninsured and uncollateralized deposits (excluding intercompany deposits), and coverage of estimated uninsured and uncollateralized deposits at March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023.

Table 14 Liquidity Sources and Uninsured Deposit Coverage Ratio

($ in thousands)	March 31, 2023			June 30, 2023
Federal Reserve Bank balance	$	504,169		$	178,983
Available FHLB Chicago capacity	3,453,813			5,148,360
Available Federal Reserve Bank discount window capacity	1,799,453			1,635,140
Available BTFP capacity	644,915			633,817
Funding available within one business day(a)	6,402,351			7,596,300
Available federal funds lines	2,773,000			2,623,000
Available brokered deposits capacity(b)	3,646,393			761,301
Unsecured debt capacity(c)	1,000,000			1,000,000
Total available liquidity	$	13,821,744		$	11,980,601
Uninsured and uncollateralized deposits	$	7,337,286		$	6,674,744
Coverage ratio of uninsured and uncollateralized deposits with secured funding	87		%	114		%
Coverage ratio of uninsured and uncollateralized deposits with total funding	188		%	179		%

(a) Estimated based on normal course of operations with indicated institution.

(b) Availability based on internal policy limitations. The Corporation includes outstanding deposits that have received a primary purpose exemption in the brokered deposit classification as they have similar funding characteristics and risk as brokered deposits.

(c) Availability based on internal policy limitations.

Based on contractual obligations and ongoing operations, the Corporation's sources of liquidity are sufficient to meet present and future liquidity needs. See Table 18 for information about the Corporation's contractual obligations and other commitments. See section Deposits and Customer Funding for information about uninsured deposits and concentrations.

Credit ratings impact the Corporation's ability to issue debt securities and the cost to borrow money. Adverse changes in credit ratings impact not only the ability to raise funds in the capital markets but also the cost of these funds. For additional information regarding risks related to adverse changes in our credit ratings, see Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, net cash provided by operating and financing activities was $179 million and $1.6 billion, respectively, while net cash used in investing activities was $1.8 billion, for a net increase in cash and cash equivalents of $8 million since year-end 2022. At June 30, 2023, assets of $41.2 billion increased $1.8 billion, or 5%, from year-end 2022, primarily due to loan growth and increases in AFS securities. On the funding side, deposits of $32.0 billion increased $2.4 billion, or 8%, from year-end 2022, FHLB advances decreased $689 million, or 16%, while other long-term funding increased $286 million, or 115%, the latter due to the issuance of subordinated debt.

For the six months ended June 30, 2022, net cash provided by operating and financing activities was $489 million and $2.0 billion, respectively, while net cash used in investing activities was $2.7 billion, for a net decrease in cash and cash equivalents of $158 million since year-end 2021. At June 30, 2022, assets of $37.2 billion increased $2.1 billion, or 6%, from year-end 2021, primarily due to loan growth. On the funding side, deposits of $28.6 billion increased $110 million from year-end 2021 and FHLB advances increased $1.6 billion to fund loan growth.

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Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market risk and interest rate risk are managed centrally. Market risk is the potential for loss arising from adverse changes in the fair value of fixed-income securities, equity securities, other earning assets, and derivative financial instruments as a result of changes in interest rates or other factors. Interest rate risk is the potential for reduced net interest income resulting from adverse changes in the level of interest rates. As a financial institution that engages in transactions involving an array of financial products, the Corporation is exposed to both market risk and interest rate risk. In addition to market risk, interest rate risk is measured and managed through a number of methods. The Corporation uses financial modeling simulation techniques that measure the sensitivity of future earnings due to changing rate environments to measure interest rate risk.

Policies established by the Corporation’s ALCO and approved by the Board of Directors are intended to limit these risks. The Board has delegated day-to-day responsibility for managing market and interest rate risk to ALCO. The primary objectives of market risk management are to minimize any adverse effect that changes in market risk factors may have on net interest income and to offset the risk of price changes for certain assets recorded at fair value.

Interest Rate Risk

The primary goal of interest rate risk management is to control exposure to interest rate risk within policy limits approved by the Board of Directors. These limits and guidelines reflect the Corporation's risk appetite for interest rate risk over both short-term and long-term horizons.

The major sources of the Corporation's non-trading interest rate risk are timing differences in the maturity and re-pricing characteristics of assets and liabilities, changes in the shape of the yield curve, and the potential exercise of explicit or embedded options. We measure these risks and their impact by identifying and quantifying exposures through the use of sophisticated simulation and valuation models which are employed by management to understand interest rate sensitive EAR and MVE at risk. The Corporation’s interest rate risk profile is such that, generally, a higher yield curve adds to income while a lower yield curve has a negative impact on earnings. The Corporation's EAR profile is asset sensitive at June 30, 2023.

For further discussion of the Corporation's interest rate risk and corresponding key assumptions, see the Interest Rate Risk section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the Corporation’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The sensitivity analysis included below is measured as a percentage change in EAR due to gradual moves in benchmark interest rates from a baseline scenario over 12 months. We evaluate the sensitivity using: 1) a dynamic forecast incorporating expected growth in the balance sheet, and 2) a static forecast where the current balance sheet is held constant.

While a gradual shift in interest rates was used in this analysis to provide an estimate of exposure under a probable scenario, an instantaneous shift in interest rates would have a more significant impact. No EAR breaches occurred during the first six months of 2023.

Table 15 Estimated % Change in Rate Sensitive Earnings at Risk Over 12 Months

	Jun 30, 2023				Dec 31, 2022
	Dynamic Forecast		Static Forecast		Dynamic Forecast		Static Forecast
Gradual Rate Change
100 bp increase in interest rates	1.9	%	1.7	%	3.9	%	3.4	%
200 bp increase in interest rates	4.0	%	3.3	%	7.8	%	6.8	%
100 bp decrease in interest rates	(1.2)	%	(0.5)	%	(3.4)	%	(2.9)	%
200 bp decrease in interest rates	(1.8)	%	(0.7)	%	(6.7)	%	(5.7)	%

At June 30, 2023, the MVE profile indicates a decrease in net balance sheet value due to instantaneous upward changes in rates and an increase in net balance sheet value due to instantaneous downward changes in rates.

65

Table 16 Market Value of Equity Sensitivity

	Jun 30, 2023		Dec 31, 2022
Instantaneous Rate Change
100 bp increase in interest rates	(8.8)	%	(4.2)	%
200 bp increase in interest rates	(17.5)	%	(8.2)	%
100 bp decrease in interest rates	8.7	%	4.3	%
200 bp decrease in interest rates	16.4	%	8.0	%

Since MVE measures the discounted present value of cash flows over the estimated lives of instruments, the change in MVE does not directly correlate to the degree that earnings would be impacted over a shorter time horizon (i.e., the current year). Further, MVE does not take into account factors such as future balance sheet growth, changes in product mix, changes in yield curve relationships, and changes in product spreads that could mitigate the adverse impact of changes in interest rates. The MVE measure in the 200 bp increase in interest rates scenario is outside of the policy limit, which has been reported to the Board.

The above EAR, and MVE measures do not include all actions that management may undertake to manage this risk in response to anticipated changes in interest rates.

In 2014, the Financial Stability Oversight Council and Financial Stability Board raised concerns about the reliability and robustness of LIBOR and called for the development of alternative interest rate benchmarks. The ARRC, through authority from the Federal Reserve, has selected SOFR as the alternative rate and developed a paced transition plan which addresses the risk that LIBOR may not exist beyond June 2023.

As part of the Corporation's efforts to limit exposure to LIBOR based loans, performing borrowers can modify or refinance their residential mortgage loans to a fixed interest rate or an adjustable rate mortgage tied to the one-year treasury adjusted to a constant maturity of one year with an appropriate margin. This provides the Bank and borrower with greater certainty around the loan structure. The Bank has not booked a LIBOR adjustable rate mortgage since the first quarter of 2020.

Additionally, the Corporation has been monitoring its volume of commercial credits and derivatives tied to LIBOR. In 2021, the Corporation began prioritizing SOFR, Prime, and Ameribor as the preferred alternative reference rates and ceased booking LIBOR based commitments after the end of 2021. Loans with a maturity after June 2023 have been reviewed and appropriate fallback language is in place when LIBOR is no longer published.

As of June 30, 2023, the notional amount of our LIBOR-referenced interest rate derivative contracts was $2.5 billion, all of which were entered specifically to accommodate customer needs, and will fallback to an index similar to the underlying loan upon the index change on that loan.

The following table summarizes the outstanding LIBOR loan exposures at June 30, 2023.

Table 17 LIBOR Loan Exposure

	June 30, 2023
($ in thousands)	Balance		Commitment
Commercial and industrial	$	313,465	$	582,231
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	127,162		127,662
Commercial and business lending	440,627		709,894
Commercial real estate - investor	1,042,196		1,103,935
Real estate construction	232,532		298,432
Commercial real estate lending	1,274,728		1,402,368
Total commercial	1,715,356		2,112,261
Residential mortgage	342		342
Total consumer	342		342
Total	$	1,715,698	$	2,112,604

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Contractual Obligations, Commitments, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, and Contingent Liabilities

The following table summarizes significant contractual obligations and other commitments at June 30, 2023, at those amounts contractually due to the recipient, including any unamortized premiums or discounts, hedge basis adjustments, or other similar carrying value adjustments.

Table 18 Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments

($ in thousands)	Note Reference	One Year or Less		One to Three Years		Three to Five Years		Over Five Years		Total
Time deposits		$	5,796,754	$	291,076	$	23,604	$	5	$	6,111,439
Short-term funding	8	341,253		—		—		—		341,253
FHLB advances	8	2,440,633		390,932		796,703		2,479		3,630,747
Other long-term funding	8	88		246,453		160		287,573		534,273
Operating leases	16	4,741		9,482		7,236		4,649		26,108
Total		$	8,583,468	$	937,944	$	827,703	$	294,706	$	10,643,820

The Corporation also has obligations under its derivatives, lending-related commitments, and retirement plans as described in Note 9 Derivative and Hedging Activities, Note 11 Commitments, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Legal Proceedings, and Regulatory Matters, and Note 13 Retirement Plans of the notes to consolidated financial statements, respectively. Further discussion of the nature of each obligation is included in the referenced note to the consolidated financial statements.

Capital

Management actively reviews capital strategies for the Corporation and each of its subsidiaries in light of perceived business risks, future growth opportunities, industry standards, and compliance with regulatory requirements. The assessment of overall capital adequacy depends on a variety of factors, including asset quality, liquidity, stability of earnings, changing competitive forces, economic conditions in markets served, and strength of management. At June 30, 2023, the capital ratios of the Corporation and its banking subsidiaries were in excess of regulatory minimum requirements. The Corporation’s capital ratios are summarized in the following table.

Compliance with regulatory minimum capital requirements is a tool used in assessing the Corporation's capital adequacy, but not determinative of how the Corporation would fare under extreme stress. Factors that may affect the adequacy of the Corporation's capital include the inherent limitations of fair value estimates and the assumptions thereof, the inherent limitations of the regulatory risk-weights assigned to various asset types, the inherent limitations of accounting classifications of certain investments and the effect on their measurement, external macroeconomic conditions and their effects on capital and the Corporation's ability to raise capital or refinance capital commitments, and the extent of steps taken by state or federal government authorities in periods of extreme stress.

For additional information regarding the potential for additional regulation and supervision, see Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors in the Corporation's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

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Table 19 Capital Ratios

	YTD				Quarter Ended
($ in thousands)	Jun 30, 2023		Jun 30, 2022		Jun 30, 2023			Mar 31, 2023			Dec 31, 2022			Sep 30, 2022			Jun 30, 2022
Risk-based Capital(a)
CET1					$	3,143,131		$	3,085,618		$	3,035,578		$	2,955,710		$	2,896,675
Tier 1 capital					3,337,243			3,279,730			3,229,690			3,149,822			3,089,593
Total capital					4,051,096			3,990,606			3,680,227			3,582,099			3,506,864
Total risk-weighted assets					33,146,137			32,648,115			32,472,008			31,405,843			29,863,512
Modified CECL transitional amount					44,851			44,851			67,276			67,276			67,276
CET1 capital ratio					9.48		%	9.45		%	9.35		%	9.41		%	9.70		%
Tier 1 capital ratio					10.07		%	10.05		%	9.95		%	10.03		%	10.35		%
Total capital ratio					12.22		%	12.22		%	11.33		%	11.41		%	11.74		%
Tier 1 leverage ratio					8.40		%	8.46		%	8.59		%	8.66		%	8.87		%
Selected Equity and Performance Ratios
Total stockholders’ equity / total assets					10.00		%	10.14		%	10.19		%	10.39		%	10.63		%
Dividend payout ratio(b)	34.15	%	38.46	%	37.50		%	31.34		%	30.00		%	32.26		%	35.71		%
Return on average assets	0.96	%	0.92	%	0.86		%	1.06		%	1.12		%	1.02		%	0.97		%
Annualized noninterest expense / average assets	1.90	%	2.02	%	1.89		%	1.92		%	2.03		%	2.08		%	2.04		%

(a) The Federal Reserve establishes regulatory capital requirements, including well-capitalized standards for the Corporation. The Corporation follows Basel III, subject to certain
    transition provisions. These regulatory capital measurements are used by management, regulators, investors, and analysts to assess, monitor, and compare the quality and
    composition of the Corporation's capital with the capital of other financial services companies.
(b) Ratio is based upon basic earnings per common share.

See Part II, Item 2, Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds, for information on the shares repurchased during the second quarter of 2023.

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Non-GAAP Measures

Table 20 Non-GAAP Measures

	YTD						Quarter Ended
($ in thousands)	Jun 30, 2023			Jun 30, 2022			Jun 30, 2023			Mar 31, 2023			Dec 31, 2022			Sep 30, 2022			Jun 30, 2022
Selected equity and performance ratios(a)(b)(c)
Tangible common equity / tangible assets							6.94		%	7.03		%	6.97		%	7.06		%	7.23		%
Return on average equity	9.38		%	8.20		%	8.47		%	10.32		%	10.81		%	9.59		%	8.85		%
Return on average tangible common equity	13.79		%	12.27		%	12.38		%	15.26		%	16.15		%	14.32		%	13.29		%
Return on average CET1	12.11		%	11.03		%	10.88		%	13.38		%	14.04		%	12.69		%	11.77		%
Return on average tangible assets	1.00		%	0.97		%	0.90		%	1.11		%	1.18		%	1.08		%	1.03		%
Average stockholders' equity / average assets	10.22		%	11.17		%	10.18		%	10.26		%	10.40		%	10.69		%	11.02		%
Tangible common equity reconciliation(a)
Common equity							$	3,928,762		$	3,931,551		$	3,821,378		$	3,759,840		$	3,766,187
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net							(1,149,869)			(1,152,072)			(1,154,274)			(1,156,477)			(1,158,680)
Tangible common equity							$	2,778,893		$	2,779,480		$	2,667,104		$	2,603,363		$	2,607,507
Tangible assets reconciliation(a)
Total assets							$	41,219,473		$	40,702,519		$	39,405,727		$	38,049,607		$	37,235,990
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net							(1,149,869)			(1,152,072)			(1,154,274)			(1,156,477)			(1,158,680)
Tangible assets							$	40,069,604		$	39,550,448		$	38,251,453		$	36,893,130		$	36,077,310
Average tangible common equity and average CET1 reconciliation(a)
Common equity	$	3,901,605		$	3,768,621		$	3,934,949		$	3,867,890		$	3,797,568		$	3,791,396		$	3,743,919
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net	(1,152,100)			(1,161,114)			(1,151,039)			(1,153,173)			(1,155,408)			(1,157,754)			(1,160,035)
Tangible common equity	2,749,505			2,607,507			2,783,910			2,714,716			2,642,160			2,633,642			2,583,884
Modified CECL transitional amount	44,851			67,276			44,851			44,851			67,276			67,276			67,276
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	255,205			125,566			251,624			258,827			254,178			189,935			170,253
Deferred tax assets, net	27,934			39,241			27,714			28,157			29,248			29,875			39,072
Average CET1	$	3,077,495		$	2,839,591		$	3,108,099		$	3,046,551		$	2,992,862		$	2,920,729		$	2,860,485
Average tangible assets reconciliation(a)
Total assets	$	40,085,316		$	35,467,853		$	40,558,311		$	39,607,065		$	38,385,436		$	37,271,779		$	35,732,583
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net	(1,152,100)			(1,161,114)			(1,151,039)			(1,153,173)			(1,155,408)			(1,157,754)			(1,160,035)
Tangible assets	$	38,933,216		$	34,306,740		$	39,407,273		$	38,453,892		$	37,230,028		$	36,114,025		$	34,572,548
Adjusted net income reconciliation(b)
Net income	$	190,514		$	161,086		$	87,154		$	103,360		$	108,762		$	96,275		$	86,824
Other intangible amortization, net of tax	3,304			3,304			1,652			1,652			1,652			1,652			1,652
Adjusted net income	$	193,818		$	164,390		$	88,806		$	105,012		$	110,414		$	97,927		$	88,476
Adjusted net income available to common equity reconciliation(b)
Net income available to common equity	$	184,764		$	155,336		$	84,279		$	100,485		$	105,887		$	93,400		$	83,949
Other intangible amortization, net of tax	3,304			3,304			1,652			1,652			1,652			1,652			1,652
Adjusted net income available to common equity	$	188,068		$	158,640		$	85,931		$	102,137		$	107,539		$	95,052		$	85,601
Core customer deposit reconciliation
Total deposits							$	32,014,409		$	30,331,824		$	29,636,154		$	29,198,581		$	28,576,577
Network transaction deposits							(1,600,619)			(1,273,420)			(979,003)			(864,086)			(891,902)
Brokered CDs							(3,818,325)			(1,185,565)			(541,916)			—			(2,121)
Core customer deposits							$	26,595,465		$	27,872,839		$	28,115,235		$	28,334,495		$	27,682,553
Efficiency ratio reconciliation(d)
Federal Reserve efficiency ratio	57.26		%	63.51		%	58.49		%	56.07		%	55.47		%	60.32		%	61.53		%
Fully tax-equivalent adjustment	(0.82)		%	(1.05)		%	(0.85)		%	(0.79)		%	(0.77)		%	(0.87)		%	(0.98)		%
Other intangible amortization	(0.67)		%	(0.80)		%	(0.68)		%	(0.66)		%	(0.62)		%	(0.67)		%	(0.76)		%
Fully tax-equivalent efficiency ratio	55.78		%	61.68		%	56.96		%	54.64		%	54.08		%	58.79		%	59.80		%

(a) Tangible common equity and tangible assets exclude goodwill and other intangible assets, net.

(b) Adjusted net income and adjusted net income available to common equity, which are used in the calculation of return on average tangible assets and return on average tangible common equity, respectively, add back other intangible amortization, net of tax.

(c) These capital measurements are used by management, regulators, investors, and analysts to assess, monitor, and compare the quality and composition of our capital with the capital of other financial services companies.

(d) The efficiency ratio as defined by the Federal Reserve guidance is noninterest expense (which includes the provision for unfunded commitments) divided by the sum of net interest income plus noninterest income, excluding investment securities gains (losses), net. The fully tax-equivalent efficiency ratio is noninterest expense (which includes the provision for unfunded commitments), excluding other intangible amortization, divided by the sum of fully tax-equivalent net interest income plus noninterest income, excluding investment securities gains (losses), net.

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Sequential Quarter Results

The Corporation reported net income of $87 million for the second quarter of 2023, compared to net income of $103 million for the first quarter of 2023. Net income available to common equity was $84 million for the second quarter of 2023, or $0.56 for both basic and diluted earnings per common share. Comparatively, net income available to common equity for the first quarter of 2023 was $100 million, or $0.67 for basic earnings per common share and $0.66 for diluted earnings per common share (see Table 1).

Fully tax-equivalent net interest income for the second quarter of 2023 was $263 million, $16 million, or 6%, lower than the first quarter of 2023. The net interest margin in the second quarter of 2023 was down 27 bp to 2.80%. The decreases in net interest income and net interest margin were due to increased interest-bearing liability costs. Average earning assets increased $988 million, or 3%, to $37.6 billion in the second quarter of 2023. Average loans increased $592 million, or 2%, driven by growth across nearly all loan categories. On the funding side, average total interest-bearing deposits increased $2.1 billion, or 9%, primarily due to increases in time deposits and network transaction deposits. Average FHLB advances decreased $458 million, or 11%, and average long-term funding increased $134 million, or 33%, due to the issuance of subordinated debt in February 2023 (see Table 2).

The provision for credit losses was $22 million for the second quarter of 2023, compared to an $18 million provision for the first quarter of 2023 (see Table 11). See discussion under sections: Provision for Credit Losses, Nonperforming Assets, and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans.

Noninterest income for the second quarter of 2023 was $66 million, up $3 million, or 6%, from the first quarter of 2023 (see Table 3).

Noninterest expense for the second quarter of 2023 was $191 million, up $3 million, or 2%, from the first quarter of 2023, driven primarily by increases in FDIC assessment (see Table 4).

For the second quarter of 2023, the Corporation recognized income tax expense of $24 million, compared to income tax expense of $27 million for the first quarter of 2023. See Income Taxes section for a detailed discussion on income taxes.

Comparable Quarter Results

The Corporation reported net income of $87 million for both the second quarter of 2023 and the second quarter of 2022. Net income available to common equity was $84 million for the second quarter of 2023, or $0.56 for both basic and diluted earnings per common share. Similarly, net income available to common equity for the second quarter of 2022 was $84 million, or $0.56 for both basic and diluted earnings per share (see Table 1).

Fully tax-equivalent net interest income for the second quarter of 2023 was $263 million, $42 million, or 19%, higher than the second quarter of 2022. The net interest margin between the comparable quarters was up 9 bp, to 2.80% in the second quarter of 2023. The increases in net interest income and net interest margin were due to increased earning assets as well as higher interest on earning assets resulting from the Federal Reserve increasing their federal funds target rate. Average earning assets increased $5.0 billion, or 15%, to $37.6 billion in the second quarter of 2023, as average loans increased $4.0 billion, or 16%, driven by growth across nearly all loan categories and increases in investments and other of $916 million, or 13%. On the funding side, average interest-bearing deposits increased $4.6 billion, or 23%, from the second quarter of 2022, due to increases in time deposits and network transaction deposits. Average short and long-term funding increased $1.5 billion, or 47% (see Table 2), primarily driven by an increase in FHLB advances.

The provision for credit losses had a $22 million provision for the second quarter of 2023, compared to a negligible release of provision for the second quarter of 2022 (see Table 11). See discussion under sections: Provision for Credit Losses, Nonperforming Assets, and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans.

Noninterest income for the second quarter of 2023 was $66 million, down $10 million, or 13%, compared to the second quarter of 2022, primarily due to lower income in service charges and deposit account fees and capital markets, net (see Table 3).

Noninterest expense increased $9 million, or 5%, to $191 million for the second quarter of 2023, primarily due to higher FDIC assessment and technology expense (see Table 4).

The Corporation recognized income tax expense of $24 million for the second quarter of 2023, compared to an income tax expense of $23 million for the second quarter of 2022. See section Income Taxes for a detailed discussion on income taxes.

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Segment Review

As discussed in Note 14 Segment Reporting of the notes to consolidated financial statements, the Corporation’s reportable segments have been determined based upon its internal profitability reporting system, which is organized by strategic business unit. Certain strategic business units have been combined for segment information reporting purposes where the nature of the products and services, the type of customer, and the distribution of those products and services are similar. The reportable segments are Corporate and Commercial Specialty; Community, Consumer and Business; and Risk Management and Shared Services.

Table 21 Selected Segment Financial Data

	Three Months Ended Jun 30,							Six Months Ended Jun 30,
($ in thousands)	2023			2022			% Change	2023			2022			% Change
Corporate and Commercial Specialty
Total revenue	$	172,278		$	145,287		19%	$	343,136		$	282,174		22%
Provision for credit losses	13,674			12,246			12%	27,456			24,900			10%
Noninterest expense	61,083			56,679			8%	123,144			113,207			9%
Income tax expense	17,096			13,974			22%	34,833			26,281			33%
Net income	80,425			62,387			29%	157,703			117,786			34%
Average earning assets	17,444,251			15,083,176			16%	17,276,106			14,751,601			17%
Average loans	17,426,931			15,079,176			16%	17,259,706			14,748,739			17%
Average deposits	8,792,906			8,752,899			—%	9,240,323			9,080,190			2%
Average allocated capital (Average CET1)(a)	1,713,007			1,515,302			13%	1,708,727			1,468,397			16%
Return on average allocated capital(a)	18.83		%	16.51		%	N/M	18.61		%	16.18		%	N/M
Community, Consumer, and Business
Total revenue	$	208,558		$	139,757		49%	$	402,870		$	261,341		54%
Provision for credit losses	7,328			4,924			49%	14,086			9,580			47%
Noninterest expense	109,028			104,967			4%	220,722			203,428			9%
Income tax expense	19,362			6,272			N/M	35,293			10,150			N/M
Net income	72,839			23,594			N/M	132,769			38,183			N/M
Average earning assets	11,492,005			9,784,918			17%	11,373,558			9,481,879			20%
Average loans	11,492,005			9,784,918			17%	11,373,558			9,481,879			20%
Average deposits	18,065,314			18,544,542			(3)%	18,093,436			18,479,893			(2)%
Average allocated capital (Average CET1)(a)	732,068			593,296			23%	721,844			554,137			30%
Return on average allocated capital(a)	39.91		%	15.95		%	N/M	37.09		%	13.90		%	N/M
Risk Management and Shared Services
Total revenue	$	(57,376)		$	6,560		N/M	$	(86,463)		$	10,304		N/M
Provision for credit losses	1,097			(17,172)			N/M	(1,471)			(38,472)			(96)%
Noninterest expense	20,562			19,774			4%	34,219			38,077			(10)%
Income tax expense (benefit)	(12,926)			3,117			N/M	(19,254)			5,583			N/M
Net income (loss)	(66,109)			842			N/M	(99,958)			5,117			N/M
Average earning assets	8,632,734			7,744,720			11%	8,427,968			8,068,347			4%
Average loans	519,361			534,069			(3)%	510,431			520,924			(2)%
Average deposits	4,422,915			873,301			N/M	3,243,256			847,656			N/M
Average allocated capital (Average CET1)(a)	663,024			751,887			(12)%	646,925			817,057			(21)%
Return on average allocated capital(a)	(41.73)		%	(1.08)		%	N/M	(32.95)		%	(0.16)		%	N/M
Consolidated Total
Total revenue	$	323,460		$	291,604		11%	$	659,543		$	553,819		19%
Return on average allocated capital(a)	10.88		%	11.77		%	-89 bp	12.11		%	11.03		%	108 bp

N//M = Not meaningful

(a) The Federal Reserve establishes capital adequacy requirements for the Corporation, including CET1. For segment reporting purposes, the ROCET1 reflects return on average allocated CET1. The ROCET1 for the Risk Management and Shared Services segment and the Consolidated Total is inclusive of the annualized effect of the preferred stock
dividends.

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Notable Changes in Segment Financial Data

The Corporate and Commercial Specialty segment consists of lending and deposit solutions to larger businesses, developers, not-for-profits, municipalities, and financial institutions, and the support to deliver, fund, and manage such banking solutions. In addition, this segment provides a variety of investment, fiduciary, and retirement planning products and services to individuals and small to mid-sized businesses.

•Total revenue increased $61 million from the six months ended June 30, 2022 and increased $27 million from the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily attributable to higher loan volumes and interest rates driving net interest income higher.

•Noninterest expense increased $10 million from the six months ended June 30, 2022 and increased $4 million from the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to higher personnel costs and allocated corporate overhead.

•Average loans increased $2.5 billion from the six months ended June 30, 2022 and increased $2.3 billion from the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily driven by growth in commercial and business lending and CRE lending.

•Average deposits increased $160 million from the six months ended June 30, 2022 and increased $40 million from the three months ended June 30, 2022, driven by increases in money market deposits and interest-bearing demand deposits, partially offset by a decease in noninterest bearing demand deposits.

The Community, Consumer, and Business segment consists of lending and deposit solutions to individuals and small to mid-sized businesses.

•Total revenue increased $142 million from the six months ended June 30, 2022 and increased $69 million from the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily attributable to higher loan volumes and interest rates along with receiving net FTP credit for providing funding for the Corporation.

•Noninterest expense increased $17 million from the six months ended June 30, 2022 and increased $4 million from the three months ended June 30, 2022, driven by higher allocated corporate overhead and increased technology expense, as the Corporation continues to invest in digital investments tied to its strategic initiatives.

•Average loans increased $1.9 billion from the six months ended June 30, 2022 and increased $1.7 billion from the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily driven by growth in auto finance lending and residential mortgage lending.

•Average deposits decreased $386 million from the six months ended June 30, 2022 and decreased $479 million from the three months ended June 30, 2022, driven by decreases in noninterest bearing demand deposits and money market deposits, partially offset by an increase in time deposits.

The Risk Management and Shared Services segment includes key shared Corporate functions, Parent Company activity, intersegment eliminations, and residual revenues and expenses.

•Total revenue decreased $97 million from the six months ended June 30, 2022 and decreased $64 million from the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily driven by increased interest expense as a result of holding more brokered CDs and other short term funding.

•Provision for credit losses increased $37 million from the six months ended June 30, 2022 and increased $18 million from the three months ended June 30, 2022, driven by loan growth, limited credit movement, and macro trends.

•Average deposits increased $2.4 billion from the six months ended June 30, 2022 and increased $3.5 billion from the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily driven by increases in brokered CDs and network deposits.

Critical Accounting Estimates

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. The determination of the ACLL is particularly susceptible to significant change. A discussion of these estimates can be found in the Critical Accounting Estimates section in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the Corporation’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no changes in the Corporation's application of critical accounting estimates since December 31, 2022.

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Recent Developments

On July 25, 2023, the Corporation’s Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.21 per common share, payable on September 15, 2023 to shareholders of record at the close of business on September 1, 2023. The Board of Directors also declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.3671875 per depositary share on Associated's 5.875% Series E Perpetual Preferred Stock, payable on September 15, 2023 to shareholders of record at the close of business on September 1, 2023. The Board of Directors also declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.3515625 per depositary share on Associated's 5.625% Series F Perpetual Preferred Stock, payable on September 15, 2023 to shareholders of record at the close of business on September 1, 2023.

ITEM 3.     Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Information required by this item is set forth in Item 2 under the captions Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk and Interest Rate Risk.

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ITEM 4.     Controls and Procedures

The Corporation maintains disclosure controls and procedures as required under Rule 13a-15 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Corporation's Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Corporation’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of June 30, 2023, the Corporation’s management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the foregoing, its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2023.

No changes were made to the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act of 1934) during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

The information required by this item is set forth in Part I, Item 1 under Note 11 Commitments, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Legal Proceedings, and Regulatory Matters of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in the Risk Factors described in the Corporation’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K other than as set out in the Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, in Item 1A of Part II.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

During the second quarter of 2023, the Corporation repurchased approximately $884,000 of common stock, all of which were repurchases related to tax withholding on equity compensation with no open market purchases during the quarter. The repurchase details are presented in the table below:

Common Stock Purchases

	Total Number  of Shares Purchased(a)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(b)
Period
April 1, 2023 - April 30, 2023	5,291	$	18.17	—	—
May 1, 2023 - May 31, 2023	43,358	17.63		—	—
June 1, 2023 - June 30, 2023	1,547	15.31		—	—
Total	50,196	$	17.61	—	4,907,327

(a) During the second quarter of 2023, all common shares repurchased were for minimum tax withholding settlements on equity compensation. These purchases do not count against the maximum value of shares remaining available for purchase under the Board of Directors' authorization.

(b) At June 30, 2023, there remained $80 million authorized to be repurchased under the Board of Directors' 2021 authorization. The maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under this authorization is based on the closing share price on June 30, 2023.

Repurchases under Board authorized repurchase programs are subject to any necessary regulatory approvals and other limitations and may occur from time to time in open market purchases, block transactions, private transactions, accelerated share repurchases, or similar facilities.

During the second quarter of 2023, the Corporation discovered that it had inadvertently failed to update its registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to securities transactions in the Associated Banc-Corp Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The ESPP is open to the Corporation’s employees who complete an enrollment authorization (each a “Participant”). A Participant may direct that up to 10% of his or her gross wages, but no less than 1%, be withheld and transmitted to an administrator to purchase shares of the Corporation’s common stock. The Corporation subsidizes the Participant’s purchase of Corporation common stock by contributing an amount equal to 10% of the Participant’s withheld amount. The administrator then takes the funds and purchases shares of the Corporation’s common stock on a monthly basis and credits such shares to the Participant’s account. Even though all of the common stock issued under the ESPP is purchased in the open market, the Corporation is required to register the subsequent issuance of shares to Participants. The Corporation previously filed a registration statement with the SEC registering the sale of shares of Corporation common stock under the ESPP, but the number of shares registered was not sufficient to cover the number of shares issued after approximately mid-2018. Between mid-2018 and June 2023, the Corporation estimates that a total of approximately 1.2 million shares of the Corporation’s common stock were purchased under the ESPP. On June 30, 2023, the Corporation filed a Registration Statement on Form S-8 registering the sale of an additional 1.0 million shares for issuance under the ESPP. The Corporation believes that it has provided the Participants with the same information they would have received had the registration statement been timely filed. The Corporation is implementing monitoring and reporting procedures to ensure that, in the future, the Corporation’s registration statements have a sufficient number of shares to cover the shares of Corporation common stock issued under the ESPP. The Corporation has consistently treated the shares purchased under the ESPP as outstanding for financial reporting purposes. The unregistered transactions described above do not represent any additional dilution to shareholders. The Corporation’s inadvertent failure to timely file the registration statement described above may subject the Corporation to civil or other penalties or claims by regulatory authorities or others. However, we do not believe the Corporation’s potential liability for any claims that may arise relating to these matters is material to the Corporation’s financial condition or results of operations.

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ITEM 5. Other Information

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, no director or officer of the Corporation adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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ITEM 6. Exhibits

(a)    Exhibits:

Exhibit (31.1), Certification Under Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley by Andrew J. Harmening, Chief Executive Officer.

Exhibit (31.2), Certification Under Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley by Derek S. Meyer, Chief Financial Officer.

Exhibit (32), Certification by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley.

Exhibit (101), Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (v) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Exhibit (104), The cover page from the Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023 has been formatted in Inline XBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language) and contained in Exhibits in 101.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

	ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
	(Registrant)
Date: July 27, 2023	/s/ Andrew J. Harmening
	Andrew J. Harmening
	President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: July 27, 2023	/s/ Derek S. Meyer
	Derek S. Meyer
	Chief Financial Officer
Date: July 27, 2023	/s/ Tammy C. Stadler
	Tammy C. Stadler
	Chief Accounting Officer

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