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Investments

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

INVESTMENTS

Fixed Maturity Securities

The following tables set forth the composition of fixed maturity securities (excluding investments classified as trading), as of the dates indicated:


	June 30, 2025
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	1,150,774	$	21,752	$	102,875	$	0	$	1,069,651
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions	485,505		507		44,965		0		441,047
Foreign government securities	436,992		5,121		49,319		0		392,794
U.S. public corporate securities	17,836,358		208,508		877,821		0		17,167,045
U.S. private corporate securities	6,508,327		76,363		204,863		10,493		6,369,334
Foreign public corporate securities	4,542,812		74,358		104,900		21		4,512,249
Foreign private corporate securities	6,494,932		292,364		268,467		6,455		6,512,374
Asset-backed securities(1)	4,380,196		33,007		8,777		0		4,404,426
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,168,631		13,927		41,387		0		1,141,171
Residential mortgage-backed securities(2)	546,028		3,830		7,543		0		542,315
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale	$	43,550,555	$	729,737	$	1,710,917	$	16,969	$	42,552,406

(1)Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, home equity loans, auto loans and education loans.

(2)Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations.


	December 31, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	1,199,628	$	8,357	$	108,744	$	0	$	1,099,241
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions	570,253		1,156		30,343		0		541,066
Foreign government securities	362,154		646		52,466		0		310,334
U.S. public corporate securities	14,134,828		60,917		957,316		1		13,238,428
U.S. private corporate securities	6,030,898		35,828		301,451		11,178		5,754,097
Foreign public corporate securities	3,804,503		21,136		126,767		21		3,698,851
Foreign private corporate securities	5,838,939		43,334		511,426		29,214		5,341,633
Asset-backed securities(1)	3,728,073		31,431		8,841		0		3,750,663
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	944,652		4,567		53,444		0		895,775
Residential mortgage-backed securities(2)	367,005		861		11,794		0		356,072
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale	$	36,980,933	$	208,233	$	2,162,592	$	40,414	$	34,986,160

(1)Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, home equity loans, auto loans and education loans.

(2)Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations.

The following tables set forth the fair value and gross unrealized losses on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities without an allowance for credit losses aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual fixed maturity securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of the dates indicated:


	June 30, 2025
	Less Than Twelve Months				Twelve Months or More				Total
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	287,270	$	12,140	$	242,600	$	90,735	$	529,870	$	102,875
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions	153,557		10,293		236,302		34,672		389,859		44,965
Foreign government securities	63,036		1,107		170,313		48,212		233,349		49,319
U.S. public corporate securities	2,075,023		72,936		4,696,782		804,885		6,771,805		877,821
U.S. private corporate securities	1,072,321		12,883		2,393,238		191,818		3,465,559		204,701
Foreign public corporate securities	305,143		6,871		711,489		98,027		1,016,632		104,898
Foreign private corporate securities	457,994		9,918		2,019,364		258,549		2,477,358		268,467
Asset-backed securities	281,356		1,938		118,164		6,839		399,520		8,777
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	34,380		105		474,854		41,282		509,234		41,387
Residential mortgage-backed securities	28,289		325		121,444		7,218		149,733		7,543
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale	$	4,758,369	$	128,516	$	11,184,550	$	1,582,237	$	15,942,919	$	1,710,753


	December 31, 2024
	Less Than Twelve Months				Twelve Months or More				Total
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	377,531	$	13,829	$	238,723	$	94,915	$	616,254	$	108,744
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions	226,731		5,019		212,060		25,324		438,791		30,343
Foreign government securities	118,168		2,615		171,166		49,851		289,334		52,466
U.S. public corporate securities	4,320,552		105,145		4,677,336		852,171		8,997,888		957,316
U.S. private corporate securities	1,999,008		41,931		2,379,755		259,489		4,378,763		301,420
Foreign public corporate securities	1,088,644		20,465		716,172		106,294		1,804,816		126,759
Foreign private corporate securities	1,977,169		69,399		2,107,705		440,330		4,084,874		509,729
Asset-backed securities	363,744		5,510		140,090		3,331		503,834		8,841
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	101,821		1,356		489,490		52,088		591,311		53,444
Residential mortgage-backed securities	142,961		1,946		123,853		9,848		266,814		11,794
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale	$	10,716,329	$	267,215	$	11,256,350	$	1,893,641	$	21,972,679	$	2,160,856

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity, available-for-sale securities without an allowance of $1,642 million and $2,059 million, respectively, related to “1” highest quality or “2” high quality securities based on the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) or equivalent rating and $69 million and $102 million, respectively, related to other than high or highest quality securities based on NAIC or equivalent rating. As of June 30, 2025, the $1,582 million of gross unrealized losses of twelve months or more were concentrated in the Company’s corporate securities within the finance, consumer non-cyclical and utility sectors. As of December 31, 2024, the $1,894 million of gross unrealized losses of twelve months or more were concentrated in the Company's corporate securities within the finance, consumer non-cyclical and utility sectors.

In accordance with its policy described in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company concluded that an adjustment to earnings for credit losses related to these fixed maturity securities was not warranted at June 30, 2025. This conclusion was based on a detailed analysis of the underlying credit and cash flows for each security. Gross unrealized losses are primarily attributable to increases in interest rates, general credit spread widening and foreign currency exchange rate movements. As of June 30, 2025, the Company did not intend to sell these securities, and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these securities before the anticipated recovery of the remaining amortized cost basis.

The following table sets forth the amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities by contractual maturities, as of the date indicated:


	June 30, 2025
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
Due in one year or less	$	2,286,700	$	2,259,790
Due after one year through five years	15,568,403		15,672,882
Due after five years through ten years	10,149,012		10,232,287
Due after ten years	9,451,585		8,299,535
Asset-backed securities	4,380,196		4,404,426
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,168,631		1,141,171
Residential mortgage-backed securities	546,028		542,315
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale	$	43,550,555	$	42,552,406

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. Asset-backed, commercial mortgage-backed and residential mortgage-backed securities are shown separately in the table above, as they do not have a single maturity date.

The following table sets forth the sources of fixed maturity proceeds and related investment gains (losses), as well as losses on write-downs and the allowance for credit losses of fixed maturities, for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
Proceeds from sales(1)	$	1,435,723	$	321,870	$	1,657,760	$	428,025
Proceeds from maturities/prepayments	895,992		698,470		1,741,701		1,135,913
Gross investment gains from sales and maturities	9,074		9,407		13,682		10,344
Gross investment losses from sales and maturities	(12,905)		(16,340)		(20,707)		(24,472)
Write-downs recognized in earnings(2)	(26,210)		0		(32,546)		0
(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses	25,863		(1,698)		23,449		(1,340)

(1)Excludes activity from non-cash related proceeds due to the timing of trade settlements of $92.4 million and $(55.0) million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(2)Amounts represent write-downs on credit adverse securities.

The following tables set forth the balance of and changes in the allowance for credit losses for fixed maturity securities, as of and for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
	U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. States		Foreign Government Securities		U.S. and Foreign Corporate Securities		Asset-Backed Securities		Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities		Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities		Total
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
Balance, beginning of period	$	0	$	0	$	42,828	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	42,828
Additions to allowance for credit losses not previously recorded	0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Reductions for securities sold during the period	0		0		(2)		0		0		0		(2)
Additions (reductions) on securities with previous allowance	0		0		1,685		0		0		0		1,685
Write-downs charged against the allowance	0		0		(27,542)		0		0		0		(27,542)
Balance, end of period	$	0	$	0	$	16,969	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	16,969


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
	U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. States		Foreign Government Securities		U.S. and Foreign Corporate Securities		Asset-Backed Securities		Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities		Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities		Total
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
Balance, beginning of period	$	0	$	0	$	1,650	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	1,650
Additions to allowance for credit losses not previously recorded	0		0		339		0		0		5		344
Reductions for securities sold during the period	0		0		(1)		0		0		0		(1)
Additions (reductions) on securities with previous allowance	0		0		1,355		0		0		0		1,355
Balance, end of period	$	0	$	0	$	3,343	$	0	$	0	$	5	$	3,348


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
	U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. States		Foreign Government Securities		U.S. and Foreign Corporate Securities		Asset-Backed Securities		Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities		Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities		Total
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
Balance, beginning of period	$	0	$	0	$	40,414	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	40,414
Additions to allowance for credit losses not previously recorded	0		0		5,512		0		0		0		5,512
Reductions for securities sold during the period	0		0		(78)		0		0		0		(78)
Additions (reductions) on securities with previous allowance	0		0		2,811		0		0		0		2,811
Write-downs charged against the allowance	0		0		(31,690)		0		0		0		(31,690)
Balance, end of period	$	0	$	0	$	16,969	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	16,969


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
	U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. States		Foreign Government Securities		U.S. and Foreign Corporate Securities		Asset-Backed Securities		Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities		Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities		Total
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
Balance, beginning of period	$	0	$	0	$	2,000	$	1	$	0	$	7	$	2,008
Additions to allowance for credit losses not previously recorded	0		0		396		0		0		5		401
Reductions for securities sold during the period	0		0		(42)		0		0		0		(42)
Additions (reductions) on securities with previous allowance	0		0		510		(1)		0		(7)		502
Assets transferred (to) from parent and affiliates	0		0		479		0		0		0		479
Balance, end of period	$	0	$	0	$	3,343	$	0	$	0	$	5	$	3,348

For additional information regarding the Company’s methodology for developing its allowance and expected losses, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025, the net decrease in the allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale securities was primarily related to write-downs charged against the allowance due to settlements and security restructures within the consumer cyclical and consumer non-cyclical sectors within corporate securities. For the three months ended June 30, 2024, the net increase in the allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale securities was primarily related to net additions within the capital goods and finance sectors within corporate securities due to adverse projected cash flows.

For the six months ended June 30, 2025, the net decrease in the allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale securities was primarily related to write-downs charged against the allowance due to security restructures and settlements within the consumer cyclical, consumer non-cyclical and capital goods sectors within corporate securities. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the net increase in the allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale securities was primarily related to net additions within the utility, capital goods and finance sectors within corporate securities due to adverse projected cash flows.

The Company did not have any fixed maturity securities purchased with credit deterioration as of both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Fixed Maturities, Trading

The net change in unrealized gains (losses) from fixed maturities, trading still held at period end, recorded within “Other income (loss),” was $107.5 million and $(50.9) million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $195.3 million and $(132.2) million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Equity Securities

The net change in unrealized gains (losses) from equity securities still held at period end, recorded within “Other income (loss),” was $(45.9) million and $(9.2) million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $(139.5) million and $(21.4) million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Commercial Mortgage and Other Loans

The following table sets forth the composition of “Commercial mortgage and other loans”, as of the dates indicated:


	June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
	Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total
	($ in thousands)
Commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type:
Apartments/Multi-Family	$	2,225,011	25.6	%	$	1,949,926	25.0	%
Health Care Senior Living(1)	135,672		1.6		134,195		1.7
Hospitality	94,557		1.1		97,603		1.3
Industrial	3,287,343		37.7		2,906,413		37.3
Office	526,692		6.1		556,586		7.1
Retail	727,657		8.3		693,949		9.0
Self-Storage(1)	738,071		8.5		543,701		7.0
Other(1)	72,463		0.8		72,645		0.9
Total commercial mortgage loans	7,807,466		89.7		6,955,018		89.3
Agricultural property loans	891,999		10.3		830,041		10.7
Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans	8,699,465		100.0	%	7,785,059		100.0	%
Allowance for credit losses	(38,516)				(37,715)
Total net commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans	8,660,949				7,747,344
Other loans:
Other collateralized loans	10,466				11,979
Total other loans	10,466				11,979
Total net commercial mortgage and other loans	$	8,671,415			$	7,759,323

(1) Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation.

As of June 30, 2025, the commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans were secured by properties geographically dispersed throughout the United States with the largest concentrations in California (23%), Texas (8%) and Florida (8%) and included loans secured by properties in Europe (9%), Mexico (1%) and Australia (1%).

The following tables set forth the balance of and changes in the allowance for credit losses for commercial mortgage and other loans, as of and for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2025				2024
	Commercial Mortgage Loans		Agricultural Property Loans		Total		Commercial Mortgage Loans		Agricultural Property Loans		Total
	(in thousands)
Allowance, beginning of period	$	34,770	$	5,014	$	39,784	$	41,769	$	913	$	42,682
Addition to (release of) allowance for expected losses	1,046		2,782		$	3,828	(1,077)		(33)		(1,110)
Write-downs charged against allowance	0		(5,096)		(5,096)		0		0		0
Allowance, end of period	$	35,816	$	2,700	$	38,516	$	40,692	$	880	$	41,572


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025				2024
	Commercial Mortgage Loans		Agricultural Property Loans		Total		Commercial Mortgage Loans		Agricultural Property Loans		Total
	(in thousands)
Allowance, beginning of period	$	33,004	$	4,711	$	37,715	$	36,758	$	931	$	37,689
Addition to (release of) allowance for expected losses	2,812		3,085		5,897		3,934		(51)		3,883
Write-downs charged against allowance	0		(5,096)		(5,096)		0		0		0
Allowance, end of period	$	35,816	$	2,700	$	38,516	$	40,692	$	880	$	41,572

For the three months ended June 30, 2025, the net decrease to the allowance for credit losses on commercial mortgage and other loans was primarily related to a net write-down against a loan specific allowance within agricultural property loans. For the three months ended June 30, 2024, the net decrease in the allowance for credit losses on commercial mortgage and other loans was in the general allowance primarily due to loan payoffs, partially offset by loan originations.

For the six months ended June 30, 2025, the net increase to the allowance for credit losses on commercial mortgage and other loans was primarily related to an increase in loan specific allowances within the retail sector of commercial mortgage loans, partially offset by a net write-down against a loan-specific reserve within agricultural property loans. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the net increase in the allowance for credit losses on commercial mortgage and other loans was primarily related to an increase in the loan specific allowance within the office sector and in the general allowance due to loan originations, partially offset by loan payoffs.

The following tables set forth key credit quality indicators based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses, as of the dates indicated:


	June 30, 2025
	Amortized Cost by Origination Year
	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total
	(in thousands)
Commercial mortgage loans
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
0%-59.99%	$	265,728	$	455,457	$	509,346	$	318,445	$	490,940	$	1,301,962	$	10,879	$	3,352,757
60%-69.99%	535,433		924,806		265,626		334,534		359,653		398,060		0		2,818,112
70%-79.99%	34,247		377,337		400,991		123,128		276,958		69,594		0		1,282,255
80% or greater	0		41,384		0		11,626		103,419		197,913		0		354,342
Total	$	835,408	$	1,798,984	$	1,175,963	$	787,733	$	1,230,970	$	1,967,529	$	10,879	$	7,807,466
Debt Service Coverage Ratio:
Greater than 1.2x	$	835,408	$	1,738,932	$	1,029,716	$	772,955	$	1,229,509	$	1,836,719	$	0	$	7,443,239
1.0 - 1.2x	0		60,052		146,247		11,388		0		64,360		10,879		292,926
Less than 1.0x	0		0		0		3,390		1,461		66,450		0		71,301
Total	$	835,408	$	1,798,984	$	1,175,963	$	787,733	$	1,230,970	$	1,967,529	$	10,879	$	7,807,466
Agricultural property loans
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
0%-59.99%	$	47,705	$	242,703	$	74,691	$	161,906	$	126,280	$	61,890	$	19,266	$	734,441
60%-69.99%	0		29,560		19,339		49,210		0		0		0		98,109
70%-79.99%	36,184		0		0		0		5,256		0		0		41,440
80% or greater	0		0		0		5,779		0		0		12,230		18,009
Total	$	83,889	$	272,263	$	94,030	$	216,895	$	131,536	$	61,890	$	31,496	$	891,999
Debt Service Coverage Ratio:
Greater than 1.2x	$	83,889	$	260,660	$	91,671	$	206,361	$	124,630	$	48,194	$	19,266	$	834,671
1.0 - 1.2x	0		10,640		2,359		10,534		0		10,243		12,230		46,006
Less than 1.0x	0		963		0		0		6,906		3,453		0		11,322
Total	$	83,889	$	272,263	$	94,030	$	216,895	$	131,536	$	61,890	$	31,496	$	891,999


	December 31, 2024
	Amortized Cost by Origination Year
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total
	(in thousands)
Commercial mortgage loans
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
0%-59.99%	$	452,940	$	232,276	$	306,684	$	482,596	$	134,403	$	1,138,394	$	6,479	$	2,753,772
60%-69.99%	972,161		541,849		273,258		360,457		110,515		303,107		0		2,561,347
70%-79.99%	362,701		365,111		134,208		330,355		6,774		77,399		0		1,276,548
80% or greater	1,196		0		56,204		84,761		3,870		217,320		0		363,351
Total	$	1,788,998	$	1,139,236	$	770,354	$	1,258,169	$	255,562	$	1,736,220	$	6,479	$	6,955,018
Debt Service Coverage Ratio:
Greater than 1.2x	$	1,728,895	$	962,290	$	755,350	$	1,256,699	$	255,562	$	1,616,904	$	0	$	6,575,700
1.0 - 1.2x	60,103		176,946		15,004		0		0		59,871		6,479		318,403
Less than 1.0x	0		0		0		1,470		0		59,445		0		60,915
Total	$	1,788,998	$	1,139,236	$	770,354	$	1,258,169	$	255,562	$	1,736,220	$	6,479	$	6,955,018
Agricultural property loans
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
0%-59.99%	$	241,715	$	89,569	$	163,820	$	126,368	$	23,488	$	38,478	$	18,834	$	702,272
60%-69.99%	29,560		19,396		49,210		0		0		0		0		98,166
70%-79.99%	0		0		0		5,213		0		0		0		5,213
80% or greater	0		0		7,295		0		1,657		0		15,438		24,390
Total	$	271,275	$	108,965	$	220,325	$	131,581	$	25,145	$	38,478	$	34,272	$	830,041
Debt Service Coverage Ratio:
Greater than 1.2x	$	259,647	$	95,087	$	211,030	$	129,865	$	23,488	$	38,478	$	18,834	$	776,429
1.0 - 1.2x	11,628		13,878		9,295		0		0		0		15,438		50,239
Less than 1.0x	0		0		0		1,716		1,657		0		0		3,373
Total	$	271,275	$	108,965	$	220,325	$	131,581	$	25,145	$	38,478	$	34,272	$	830,041

For additional information regarding the Company’s commercial mortgage and other loans credit quality monitoring process, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The Company may grant loan modifications in its commercial mortgage and other loan portfolios to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. These loan modifications may be in the form of principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, other-than-insignificant payment delay, term extension or some combination thereof. The amount, timing and extent of modifications granted and subsequent performance are considered in determining any allowance for credit losses.

The following tables set forth the amortized cost basis of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties during the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2025				2024
	Term Extension		% of Amortized Cost		Term Extension		% of Amortized Cost
	($ in thousands)
Commercial mortgage loans(1)	$	0	0.0	%	$	8,078	0.1	%


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025				2024
	Term Extension		% of Amortized Cost		Term Extension		% of Amortized Cost
	($ in thousands)
Commercial mortgage loans(1)	$	0	0.0	%	$	14,546	0.2	%

(1) Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation.

For both the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the modifications added less than one year to the weighted average life in the commercial mortgage loan portfolio.

The Company did not have any commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties on modified loans as of both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The following tables set forth an aging of past due commercial mortgage and other loans based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses, as well as the amount of commercial mortgage and other loans on non-accrual status, as of the dates indicated:


	June 30, 2025
	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due(1)		Total Loans		Non-Accrual Status(2)
	(in thousands)
Commercial mortgage loans	$	7,803,543	$	0	$	0	$	3,923	$	7,807,466	$	5,120
Agricultural property loans	858,634		0		0		33,365		891,999		37,725
Other collateralized loans	10,466		0		0		0		10,466		0
Total	$	8,672,643	$	0	$	0	$	37,288	$	8,709,931	$	42,845

(1)As of June 30, 2025, there were no loans in this category accruing interest.

(2)For additional information regarding the Company’s policies for accruing interest on loans, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.


	December 31, 2024
	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due(1)		Total Loans		Non-Accrual Status(2)
	(in thousands)
Commercial mortgage loans	$	6,951,093	$	0	$	0	$	3,925	$	6,955,018	$	5,120
Agricultural property loans	804,804		0		2,505		22,732		830,041		24,765
Other collateralized loans	11,979		0		0		0		11,979		0
Total	$	7,767,876	$	0	$	2,505	$	26,657	$	7,797,038	$	29,885

(1)As of December 31, 2024, there were no loans in this category accruing interest.

Loans on non-accrual status recognized interest of less than $1 million and $0 million for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Loans on non-accrual status that did not have a related allowance for credit losses were $20 million and $2 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

For both the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, there were no commercial mortgage and other loans acquired, other than those through direct origination, and there were no commercial mortgage and other loans sold.

For both the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, there were $14.1 million commercial mortgage and other loans acquired, other than those through direct origination, and there were no commercial mortgage and other loans sold.

The Company did not have any commercial mortgage and other loans purchased with credit deterioration as of both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Other Invested Assets

The following table sets forth the composition of “Other invested assets,” as of the dates indicated:


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(in thousands)
LPs/LLCs:
Equity method:
Private equity	$	404,092	$	388,822
Hedge funds	1,611,953		1,024,534
Real estate-related	73,458		75,730
Subtotal equity method	2,089,503		1,489,086
Fair value:
Private equity	22,394		28,094
Hedge funds	74,200		14
Real estate-related	15,498		16,016
Subtotal fair value	112,092		44,124
Total LPs/LLCs	2,201,595		1,533,210
Derivative instruments	54,293		24,499
Other(1)	44,401		24,385
Total other invested assets	$	2,300,289	$	1,582,094

(1)Includes tax advantaged investments and investments in separate account funds.

Accrued Investment Income

The following table sets forth the composition of “Accrued investment income,” as of the dates indicated:


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities	$	484,760	$	396,173
Equity securities	218		436
Commercial mortgage and other loans	32,984		29,437
Policy loans	52,915		30,820

Short-term investments and cash equivalents	6,343		9,528
Total accrued investment income	$	577,220	$	466,394

There were no write-downs on accrued investment income for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Net Investment Income

The following table sets forth “Net investment income” by investment type, for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale	$	533,845	$	393,930	$	1,021,045	$	732,739
Fixed maturities, trading	49,982		38,957		97,185		70,626
Equity securities	12,184		6,458		30,768		10,205
Commercial mortgage and other loans	102,557		77,920		199,804		151,678
Policy loans	16,813		16,588		33,029		31,033
Other invested assets	54,306		28,747		118,185		52,067
Short-term investments and cash equivalents	25,085		41,007		59,922		87,322
Gross investment income	794,772		603,607		1,559,938		1,135,670
Less: investment expenses	(31,519)		(23,614)		(61,889)		(50,357)
Net investment income	$	763,253	$	579,993	$	1,498,049	$	1,085,313

Realized Investment Gains (Losses), Net

The following table sets forth “Realized investment gains (losses), net” by investment type, for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities(1)	$	(4,178)	$	(8,631)	$	(16,122)	$	(15,468)
Commercial mortgage and other loans	(3,828)		1,162		(6,425)		(4,619)
LPs/LLCs(2)	0		(36)		(6)		(36)
Derivatives(3)	(774,743)		794,315		(824,602)		788,964
Short-term investments and cash equivalents	116		267		33		(80)
Ceded income on modified coinsurance investments(2)(4)	(36,799)		17,671		(78,802)		33,017
Other(2)	68		0		186		165
Realized investment gains (losses), net	$	(819,364)	$	804,748	$	(925,738)	$	801,943

(1)Includes fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale and excludes fixed maturity securities classified as trading.

(2)Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation.

(3)Amounts reflect revision to prior period Financial Statements. See Note 17 for additional information.

(4)Includes changes in the value of reinsurance and funds withheld payables, primarily reflecting the impact of net investment income on withheld assets that are ceded to certain reinsurance counterparties.

Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments within AOCI

The following table sets forth net unrealized gains (losses) on investments, as of the dates indicated:


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale with an allowance	$	901	$	893
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale without an allowance	(982,081)		(1,955,252)
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges(1)	(166,686)		110,565
Affiliated notes	(1,522)		(3,276)
Other investments(2)	13,253		785
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments	$	(1,136,135)	$	(1,846,285)

(1)For additional information regarding cash flow hedges, see Note 5.

(2)Primarily includes net unrealized gains (losses) on certain joint ventures that are strategic in nature and are included in "Other assets."

Repurchase Agreements and Securities Lending

In the normal course of business, the Company sells securities under agreements to repurchase and enters into securities lending transactions. As of both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had no repurchase agreements.

The following table sets forth the composition of “Cash collateral for loaned securities,” which represents the liability to return cash collateral received for the following types of securities loaned, as of the dates indicated:


	June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
	Remaining Contractual Maturities of the Agreements						Remaining Contractual Maturities of the Agreements
	Overnight & Continuous		Up to 30 Days		Total		Overnight & Continuous		Up to 30 Days		Total
	(in thousands)
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	1,139	$	0	$	1,139
U.S. public corporate securities	25,062		0		25,062		6,949		0		6,949
U.S. private corporate securities	0		0		0		18		0		18
Foreign public corporate securities	10,274		0		10,274		10,100		0		10,100
Equity securities	183,451		0		183,451		103,166		0		103,166
Total cash collateral for loaned securities(1)	$	218,787	$	0	$	218,787	$	121,372	$	0	$	121,372

(1)The Company did not have any agreements with remaining contractual maturities greater than thirty days, as of the dates indicated.