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Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
Fair Value Measurement - Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The authoritative fair value guidance establishes a framework for measuring fair value that includes a hierarchy used to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value. The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 Fair value is based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible to the Company for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 Fair value is based on significant inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability through corroboration with observable market data. Level 2 inputs include quoted market prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted market prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, and other market observable inputs.

Level 3 Fair value is based on at least one significant unobservable input for the asset or liability. The assets and liabilities in this category may require significant judgment or estimation in determining the fair value.

For a discussion of the Company's valuation methodologies for assets and liabilities measured at fair value and the fair value hierarchy, see Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Assets and Liabilities by Hierarchy Level The tables below present the balances of assets and liabilities reported at fair value on a recurring basis, as of the dates indicated.
 September 30, 2022
 Level 1Level 2Level 3Netting(1)Total
 (in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies$$235,706 $$$235,706 
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions565,054 565,054 
Foreign government bonds258,876 724 259,600 
U.S. corporate public securities5,890,822 5,890,822 
U.S. corporate private securities2,963,019 236,469 3,199,488 
Foreign corporate public securities1,270,546 6,512 1,277,058 
Foreign corporate private securities2,672,166 180,584 2,852,750 
Asset-backed securities(2)1,223,163 28,991 1,252,154 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities567,588 85,751 653,339 
Residential mortgage-backed securities135,539 135,539 
Subtotal15,782,479 539,031 16,321,510 
Fixed maturities, trading1,740,394 1,740,394 
Equity securities225,662 14,243 28,672 268,577 
Short-term investments294,792 4,188 298,980 
Cash equivalents1,584,254 1,584,254 
Other invested assets(3)8,704 9,135,971 (9,134,449)10,226 
Other assets107,435 107,435 
Reinsurance recoverables475,186 475,186 
Receivables from parent and affiliates147,896 147,896 
Subtotal excluding separate account assets234,366 28,700,029 1,154,512 (9,134,449)20,954,458 
Separate account assets(4)(5)75,660 105,362,383 3,954 105,441,997 
Total assets$310,026 $134,062,412 $1,158,466 $(9,134,449)$126,396,455 
Future policy benefits(6)$$$4,945,400 $$4,945,400 
Policyholders' account balances3,642,839 3,642,839 
Payables to parent and affiliates18,353,401 (17,290,756)1,062,645 
Other liabilities44,440 (29,851)(5,168)9,421 
Total liabilities$44,440 $18,323,550 $8,588,239 $(17,295,924)$9,660,305 

 
 December 31, 2021
 Level 1Level 2Level 3Netting(1)Total
 (in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies$$333,940 $$$333,940 
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions630,521 630,521 
Foreign government bonds350,321 150 350,471 
U.S. corporate public securities5,131,872 5,131,872 
U.S. corporate private securities1,873,370 131,505 2,004,875 
Foreign corporate public securities921,008 8,894 929,902 
Foreign corporate private securities2,508,676 245,235 2,753,911 
Asset-backed securities(2)484,861 62,449 547,310 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities463,689 111,495 575,184 
Residential mortgage-backed securities20,180 20,180 
Subtotal12,718,438 559,728 13,278,166 
Fixed maturities, trading3,302,392 3,302,392 
Equity securities58,160 40,635 12,472 111,267 
Short-term investments9,997 135,440 145,437 
Cash equivalents13,999 422,633 436,632 
Other invested assets(3)246,097 6,840,437 (6,818,009)268,525 
Other assets72,937 72,937 
Reinsurance recoverables931,207 931,207 
Receivables from parent and affiliates162,045 162,045 
Subtotal excluding separate account assets328,253 23,622,020 1,576,344 (6,818,009)18,708,608 
Separate account assets(4)(5)52,100 144,059,558 144,111,658 
Total assets$380,353 $167,681,578 $1,576,344 $(6,818,009)$162,820,266 
Future policy benefits(6)$$$9,047,956 $$9,047,956 
Policyholders' account balances3,245,773 3,245,773 
Payables to parent and affiliates12,563,253 (12,563,253)
Other liabilities10,730 12,624 (4,829)18,525 
Total liabilities$10,730 $12,575,877 $12,293,729 $(12,568,082)$12,312,254 

(1)“Netting” amounts represent cash collateral of $(8,161) million and $(5,750) million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
(2)Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by syndicated bank loans, sub-prime mortgages, auto loans, credit cards, education loans and other asset types.
(3)Other invested assets excluded from the fair value hierarchy include certain hedge funds, private equity funds and other funds for which fair value is measured at net asset value ("NAV") per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. As September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the fair values of such investments were $71 million and $79 million, respectively.
(4)Separate account assets represent segregated funds that are invested for certain customers. Investment risks associated with market value changes are borne by the customers, except to the extent of minimum guarantees made by the Company with respect to certain accounts. Separate account liabilities are not included in the above table as they are reported at contract value and not fair value in the Company's Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
(5)Separate account assets included in the fair value hierarchy exclude investments in entities that calculate NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. Such investments excluded from the fair value hierarchy include investments in real estate, hedge funds and a corporate owned life insurance fund, for which fair value is measured at NAV per share (or its equivalent). At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the fair value of such investments was $5,103 million and $5,686 million, respectively.
(6)As of September 30, 2022, the net embedded derivative liability position of $4,945 million includes $758 million of embedded derivatives in an asset position and $5,703 million of embedded derivatives in a liability position. As of December 31, 2021, the net embedded derivative liability position of $9,048 million includes $610 million of embedded derivatives in an asset position and $9,658 million of embedded derivatives in a liability position.
Quantitative Information Regarding Internally Priced Level 3 Assets and Liabilities The tables below present quantitative information on significant internally-priced Level 3 assets and liabilities.
 September 30, 2022
 Fair Value  Valuation  
Techniques
Unobservable Inputs  Minimum  MaximumWeighted Average  Impact of 
Increase in 
Input on 
Fair Value(1)
 (in thousands)
Assets:
Corporate securities(2)$325,618 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate5.87 %20 %10.93 %Decrease
Market ComparablesEBITDA multiples(3)1.8 X18.5 X7.2 XIncrease
Reinsurance recoverables$475,186 Fair values are determined using the same unobservable inputs as future policy benefits.
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits(4)$4,945,400 Discounted cash flowLapse rate(6)%20 %Decrease
Spread over SOFR(7)0.50 %2.35 %Decrease
Utilization rate(8)38 %95 %Increase
Withdrawal rate See table footnote (9) below.
Mortality rate(10)%15 %Decrease
   Equity volatility curve18 %29 % Increase
Policyholders' account balances(5)$3,642,839 Discounted cash flowLapse rate(6)%80 %Decrease
Spread over SOFR(7)0.28 %2.06 %Decrease
Mortality rate(10)%23 %Decrease
Equity volatility curve%38 %Increase
 December 31, 2021
 Fair Value     Valuation  
Techniques
  Unobservable
Inputs  
Minimum  Maximum    Weighted  
Average
  Impact of 
Increase in 
Input on 
Fair Value(1)
 (in thousands)
Assets:
Corporate securities(2)$312,139 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate1.65 %20 %4.57 %Decrease
Market ComparablesEBITDA multiples(3)4.9X19.2X9.0XIncrease
LiquidationLiquidation value62.58 %62.58 %62.58 %Increase
Reinsurance recoverables$931,207 Fair values are determined using the same unobservable inputs as future policy benefits.
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits(4)$9,047,956 Discounted cash flowLapse rate(6)%20 %Decrease
Spread over LIBOR(7)0.03 %1.13 %Decrease
Utilization rate(8)39 %96 %Increase
Withdrawal rateSee table footnote (9) below.
Mortality rate(10)%15 %Decrease
   Equity volatility curve16 %25 % Increase
Policyholders' account balances(5)$3,245,773 Discounted cash flowLapse rate(6)%42 %Decrease
Spread over LIBOR(7)0.03 %1.13 %Decrease
Mortality rate(10)%23 %Decrease
Equity volatility curve%31 %Increase

(1)Conversely, the impact of a decrease in input would have the opposite impact on fair value as that presented in the table.
(2)Includes assets classified as fixed maturities, available-for-sale and fixed maturities, trading.
(3)Represents multiples of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"), and are amounts used when the Company has determined that market participants would use such multiples when valuing the investments.
(4)Future policy benefits primarily represent general account liabilities for the living benefit features of the Company’s variable annuity contracts which are accounted for as embedded derivatives. Since the valuation methodology for these liabilities uses a range of inputs that vary at the contract level over the cash flow projection period, presenting a range, rather than weighted average, is a more meaningful representation of the unobservable inputs used in the valuation.
(5)Policyholders’ account balances primarily represent general account liabilities for the index-linked interest credited on certain of the Company’s life and annuity products that are accounted for as embedded derivatives. Since the valuation methodology for these liabilities uses a range of inputs that vary at the contract level over the cash flow projection period, presenting a range, rather than a weighted average, is a more meaningful representation of the unobservable inputs used in the valuation.
(6)Lapse rates for contracts with living benefit guarantees are adjusted at the contract level based on the in-the-moneyness of the living benefit and reflect other factors, such as the applicability of any surrender charges. Lapse rates are reduced when contracts are more in-the-money. Lapse rates for contracts with index-linked crediting guarantees may be adjusted at the contract level based on the applicability of any surrender charges, product type, and market related factors such as interest rates. Lapse rates are also generally assumed to be lower for the period where surrender charges apply. For any given contract, lapse rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for the purposes of valuing these embedded derivatives.
(7)The spread over the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) swap curve and the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) swap curve represents the premium added to the proxy for the risk-free rate (SOFR or LIBOR, as applicable) to reflect the Company’s estimates of rates that a market participant would use to value the living benefits in both the accumulation and payout phases and index-linked interest crediting guarantees as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. This spread includes an estimate of NPR, which is the risk that the obligation will not be fulfilled by the Company. NPR is primarily estimated by utilizing the credit spreads associated with issuing funding agreements, adjusted for any illiquidity risk premium. In order to reflect the financial strength ratings of the Company, credit spreads associated with funding agreements, as opposed to credit spread associated with debt, are utilized in developing this estimate because funding agreements, living benefit guarantees, and index-linked interest crediting guarantees are insurance liabilities and are therefore senior to debt.
(8)The utilization rate assumption estimates the percentage of contracts that will utilize the benefit during the contract duration and begin lifetime withdrawals at various time intervals from contract inception. The remaining contractholders are assumed to either begin lifetime withdrawals immediately or never utilize the benefit. Utilization assumptions may vary by product type, tax status and age. The impact of changes in these assumptions is highly dependent on the product type, the age of the contractholder at the time of the sale, and the timing of the first lifetime income withdrawal. Range reflects the utilization rate for the vast majority of business with living benefits.
(9)The withdrawal rate assumption estimates the magnitude of annual contractholder withdrawals relative to the maximum allowable amount under the contract. These assumptions vary based on the age of the contractholder, the tax status of the contract and the duration since the contractholder began lifetime withdrawals. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the minimum withdrawal rate assumption is 77% and 76%, respectively. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the maximum withdrawal rate assumption may be greater than 100%. The fair value of the liability will generally increase the closer the withdrawal rate is to 100% and decrease as the withdrawal rate moves further away from 100%.
(10)The range reflects the mortality rates for the vast majority of business with living benefits and other contracts, with policyholders ranging from 45 to 90 years old. While the majority of living benefits have a minimum age requirement, certain other contracts do not have an age restriction. This results in contractholders with mortality rates approaching 0% for certain benefits. Mortality rates may vary by product, age, and duration. A mortality improvement assumption is also incorporated into the overall mortality table.

Interrelationships Between Unobservable Inputs In addition to the sensitivities of fair value measurements to changes in each unobservable input in isolation, as reflected in the table above, interrelationships between these inputs may also exist, such that a change in one unobservable input may give rise to a change in another, or multiple, inputs. Examples of such interrelationships for significant internally-priced Level 3 assets and liabilities are as follows:

Corporate Securities – The rate used to discount future cash flows reflects current risk-free rates plus credit and liquidity spread requirements that market participants would use to value an asset. The discount rate may be influenced by many factors, including market cycles, expectations of default, collateral, term, and asset complexity. Each of these factors can influence discount rates, either in isolation, or in response to other factors. During weaker economic cycles, as the expectations of default increases, credit spreads widen, which results in a decrease in fair value.

Future Policy Benefits – The Company expects efficient benefit utilization and withdrawal rates to generally be correlated with lapse rates. However, behavior is highly dependent on the facts and circumstances surrounding the individual contractholder, such as their liquidity needs or tax situation, which could drive lapse behavior independent of other contractholder behavior assumptions. To the extent more efficient contractholder behavior results in greater in-the-moneyness at the contract level, lapse rates may decline for those contracts. Similarly, to the extent that increases in equity volatility are correlated with overall declines in the capital markets, lapse rates may decline as contracts become more in-the-money.

Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities The following tables describe changes in fair values of Level 3 assets and liabilities as of the dates indicated, as well as the portion of gains or losses included in income attributable to unrealized gains or losses related to those assets and liabilities still held at the end of their respective periods. When a determination is made to classify assets and liabilities within Level 3, the determination is based on significance of the unobservable inputs in the overall fair value measurement. All transfers are based on changes in the observability of the valuation inputs, including the availability of pricing service information that the Company can validate. Transfers into Level 3 are generally the result of unobservable inputs utilized within valuation methodologies and the use of indicative broker quotes for assets that were previously valued using observable inputs. Transfers out of Level 3 are generally due to the use of observable inputs in valuation methodologies as well as the availability of pricing service information for certain assets that the Company can validate.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)(1)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOther(2)Transfers into Level 3Transfers out of Level 3Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)
(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. government$$$$$$$$$$$
Foreign government135 88 501 724 86 
Corporate securities(4)317,878 (7,376)66,826 (11,975)(54,455)106,408 6,259 423,565 (6,546)
Structured securities(5)123,288 (2,903)28,250 (403)(33,490)114,742 (2,860)
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading
Equity securities29,783 (1,111)28,672 (1,110)
Short-term investments2,772 (5,876)7,290 4,188 
Cash equivalents
Other assets75,858 56,595 (24,914)(104)107,435 56,700 
Reinsurance recoverables555,053 (113,280)33,413 475,186 (109,508)
Separate account assets(46)7,000 (3,000)3,954 (46)
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits(5,706,968)1,009,622 (248,054)(4,945,400)975,995 
Policyholders' account balances(6)(3,427,667)217,837 (433,009)(3,642,839)843,341 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)
Realized investment gains (losses), net(1)Other income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders' account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (loss)Net investment incomeRealized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders' account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (loss)
(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$307 $$$(9,226)$(1,272)$491 $$$(9,811)
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading
Equity securities(1,111)(1,110)
Short-term investments
Cash equivalents
Other assets56,595 56,700 
Reinsurance recoverables(113,280)(109,508)
Separate account assets(46)(46)
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits1,009,622 975,995 
Policyholders' account balances217,837 843,341 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)(1)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOther(2)Transfers into Level 3Transfers out of Level 3Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)
(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. government$$$$$$$$$$$
Foreign government150 73 501 724 71 
Corporate securities(4)385,634 (56,596)200,137 (24,363)(87,790)106,408 6,259 (106,124)423,565 (53,687)
Structured securities(5)173,944 (25,231)61,740 (1,476)(94,235)114,742 (25,140)
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading
Equity securities12,472 (3,231)10,000 (230)9,661 28,672 (3,249)
Short-term investments2,766 (5,930)7,290 55 4,188 
Cash equivalents
Other assets72,937 60,932 (23,673)(2,761)107,435 63,692 
Reinsurance recoverables931,207 (558,774)102,753 475,186 (535,503)
Separate account assets(46)7,000 (3,000)3,954 (46)
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits(9,047,956)4,866,162 (763,606)(4,945,400)4,655,099 
Policyholders' account balances(6)(3,245,773)188,287 (824,375)239,022 (3,642,839)1,272,540 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)
Realized investment gains (losses), net(1)Other income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders' account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (loss)Net investment incomeRealized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders' account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (loss)
(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$(16,505)$$$(64,307)$(942)$(13,988)$$$(64,768)
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading
Equity securities(3,231)(3,249)
Short-term investments
Cash equivalents
Other assets60,932 63,692 
Reinsurance recoverables(558,774)(535,503)
Separate account assets(46)(46)
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits4,866,162 4,655,099 
Policyholders' account balances188,287 1,272,540 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)(1)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOther(2)Transfers into Level 3Transfers out of Level 3Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)
(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. government$55,000 $$$$$$$$$55,000 $
Foreign government156 (4)152 (5)
Corporate securities(4)170,830 (6,783)3,173 (7,907)119,218 4,106 282,637 (6,710)
Structured securities(5)27,179 (452)12,500 (308)19,859 (25,450)33,328 (449)
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading801 (801)
Equity securities8,005 477 3,874 12,356 477 
Short-term investments1,690 1,690 
Cash equivalents1,230 1,230 
Other assets
Reinsurance recoverables9,275,523 (8,372,926)36,892 939,489 (32,262)
Separate account assets
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits(9,263,516)331,967 (276,639)(9,208,188)218,025 
Policyholders' account balances(6)(1,156,610)5,389 (3,202)(1,154,423)21,559 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)
Realized investment gains (losses), net(1)Other income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders' account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (loss)Net investment incomeRealized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders' account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (loss)
(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$(1,656)$$$(5,768)$185 $(1,678)$$$(5,486)
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading
Equity securities477 477 
Short-term investments
Cash equivalents
Other assets
Reinsurance recoverables(8,372,926)(32,262)
Separate account assets
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits331,967 218,025 
Policyholders' account balances5,389 21,559 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Fair Value, beginning of periodTotal realized and unrealized gains (losses)(1)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsOther(2)Transfers into Level 3Transfers out of Level 3Fair Value, end of periodUnrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)
(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. government$55,000 $$$$$$$$$55,000 $
Foreign government163 (11)152 (13)
Corporate securities(4)174,776 (13,815)5,515 (12,280)119,218 9,223 282,637 (13,811)
Structured securities(5)2,065 (465)38,450 (1,131)19,859 (25,450)33,328 (462)
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading755 46 (801)46 
Equity securities7,889 593 3,874 12,356 593 
Short-term investments1,690 1,690 
Cash equivalents1,230 1,230 
Other assets
Reinsurance recoverables13,239,539 (12,892,808)592,758 939,489 (524,521)
Separate account assets
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits(13,227,814)4,848,168 (828,542)(9,208,188)4,365,984 
Policyholders' account balances(6)(1,155,274)(31,278)32,129 (1,154,423)21,234 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)
Realized investment gains (losses), net(1)Other income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders' account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (loss)Net investment incomeRealized investment gains (losses), netOther income (loss)Interest credited to policyholders' account balancesIncluded in other comprehensive income (loss)
(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$152 $$$(14,678)$235 $121 $$$(14,407)
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading46 46 
Equity securities593 593 
Short-term investments
Cash equivalents
Other assets
Reinsurance recoverables(12,892,808)(524,521)
Separate account assets
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits4,848,168 4,365,984 
Policyholders' account balances(31,278)21,234 

(1)Realized investment gains (losses) on future policy benefits and reinsurance recoverables primarily represent the change in the fair value of the Company's living benefit guarantees on certain of its variable annuity contracts.
(2)For current year "Other" largely represent non-cash moves related to novated variable indexed annuities under the reinsurance agreement with FLIAC. See Note 6 for more details regarding these transactions. In addition, PHAB represents an out of period adjustment related to certain portions of reinsurance activity that had been incorrectly recorded on the balance sheet during the fourth quarter of 2021. Prior year represents non-cash transfers related to the 2021 Variable Annuities Recapture. Refer to Note 1 of the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, for more details.
(3)Unrealized gains or losses related to assets still held at the end of the period do not include amortization or accretion of premiums and discounts.
(4)Includes U.S. corporate private, foreign corporate public, foreign corporate private securities and foreign government bonds.
(5)Includes asset-backed and commercial mortgage-backed securities.
(6)Issuances and settlements for Policyholders' account balances are presented net in the rollforward.
 
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements - The following tables represent information for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The fair value measurement is nonrecurring as these assets are measured at fair value only when there is a triggering event (e.g., an evidence of impairment). Assets included in the table are those that were impaired during the respective reporting periods and that are still held as of the reporting date. The estimated fair values for these amounts were determined using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).

 Three Month Ended September 30,Nine Month Ended September 30,
 2022202120222021
 (in thousands)
Equity in earnings of operating joint venture, net of taxes
Investment in joint venture$$$(75,000)$

 September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
 (in thousands)
Carrying value after measurement as of period end:
Investment in joint venture$60,456 $

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The table below presents the carrying amount and fair value by fair value hierarchy level of certain financial instruments that are not reported at fair value. The financial instruments presented below are reported at carrying value on the Company’s Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. In some cases, as described below, the carrying amount equals or approximates fair value.
 September 30, 2022
 Fair ValueCarrying
Amount(1)
 Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalTotal
 (in thousands)
Assets:
Commercial mortgage and other loans$$$4,046,382 $4,046,382 $4,385,543 
Policy loans499,612 499,612 499,612 
Short-term investments172,840 172,840 172,840 
Cash and cash equivalents816,226 816,226 816,226 
Accrued investment income191,602 191,602 191,602 
Reinsurance recoverables24,534 24,534 26,975 
Receivables from parent and affiliates60,065 60,065 60,065 
Other assets42,104 577,747 619,851 619,851 
Total assets$989,066 $293,771 $5,148,275 $6,431,112 $6,772,714 
Liabilities:
Policyholders’ account balances - investment contracts$$1,250,349 $2,813,665 $4,064,014 $4,086,739 
Cash collateral for loaned securities194,927 194,927 194,927 
Long-term debt to affiliates295,260 295,260 313,521 
Payables to parent and affiliates56,103 56,103 56,103 
Other liabilities982,334 33,250 1,015,584 1,015,584 
Total liabilities$$2,778,973 $2,846,915 $5,625,888 $5,666,874 
 December 31, 2021
 Fair ValueCarrying
Amount(1)
 Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalTotal
 (in thousands)
Assets:
Commercial mortgage and other loans$$$2,883,710 $2,883,710 $2,832,560 
Policy loans1,327,485 1,327,485 1,327,485 
Short-term investments37,000 37,000 37,000 
Cash and cash equivalents297,299 185,000 482,299 482,299 
Accrued investment income160,027 160,027 160,027 
Reinsurance recoverables29,931 29,931 28,883 
Receivables from parent and affiliates116,086 116,086 116,086 
Other assets134,598 434,383 568,981 568,981 
Total assets$334,299 $595,711 $4,675,509 $5,605,519 $5,553,321 
Liabilities:
Policyholders’ account balances - investment contracts$$1,356,850 $2,590,487 $3,947,337 $3,941,822 
Cash collateral for loaned securities3,004 3,004 3,004 
Long-term debt to affiliates319,225 319,225 320,362 
Payables to parent and affiliates31,775 31,775 31,775 
Other liabilities864,788 34,091 898,879 898,879 
Total liabilities$$2,575,642 $2,624,578 $5,200,220 $5,195,842 

(1) Carrying values presented herein differ from those in the Company’s Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position because certain items within the respective financial statement captions are not considered financial instruments or out of scope under authoritative guidance relating to disclosures of the fair value of financial instruments.