The Company has extensive transactions and relationships with Prudential Insurance and other affiliates. Although we seek to ensure that these transactions and relationships are fair and reasonable, it is possible that the terms of these transactions are not the same as those that would result from transactions among unrelated parties.

The Company’s general and administrative expenses are charged to the Company using allocation methodologies based on business production processes. Management believes that the methodology is reasonable and reflects costs incurred by Prudential Insurance to process transactions on behalf of the Company. The Company operates under service and lease agreements whereby services of officers and employees, supplies, use of equipment and office space are provided by Prudential Insurance. The Company reviews its allocation methodology periodically which it may adjust accordingly. General and administrative expenses include allocations of stock compensation expenses related to a stock-based awards program and a deferred compensation program issued by Prudential Financial. The expense charged to the Company for the stock-based awards program was $0.4 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively, and $0.9 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. The expense charged to the Company for the deferred compensation program was $1.3 million and $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $4.3 million and $4.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company is charged for its share of employee benefit expenses. These expenses include costs for funded and non-funded, non-contributory defined benefit pension plans. Some of these benefits are based on final earnings and length of service while others are based on an account balance, which takes into consideration age, service and earnings during a career. The Company’s share of net expense for the pension plans was $4 million and $5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $13 million and $15 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company is also charged for its share of the costs associated with welfare plans issued by Prudential Insurance. These expenses include costs related to medical, dental, life insurance and disability. The Company's share of net expense for the welfare plans was $5 million and $6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $14 million and $18 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Prudential Insurance sponsors voluntary savings plans for its employee 401(k) plans. The plans provide for salary reduction contributions by employees and matching contributions by the Company of up to 4% of annual salary. The Company’s expense for its share of the voluntary savings plan was $2 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, and $6 million and $7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company pays commissions and certain other fees to Prudential Annuities Distributors, Inc. (“PAD”) in consideration for PAD’s marketing and underwriting of the Company’s annuity products. Commissions and fees are paid by PAD to broker-dealers who sell the Company’s annuity products. Commissions and fees paid by the Company to PAD were $115 million and $198 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $413 million and $574 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company is charged for its share of corporate expenses incurred by Prudential Financial to benefit its businesses, such as advertising, executive oversight, external affairs and philanthropic activity. The Company’s share of corporate expenses was $19 million and $18 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $44 million and $56 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company has sold five Corporate-Owned Life Insurance (“COLI”) policies to Prudential Insurance, and one to Prudential Financial. The cash surrender value included in separate accounts for these COLI policies was $4,439 million at September 30, 2020 and $4,339 million at December 31, 2019. Fees related to these COLI policies were $12 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, and $37 million and $36 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company retains the majority of the mortality risk associated with these COLI policies up to $3.5 million per individual policy.

In accordance with an agreement with PGIM, Inc. ("PGIM"), the Company pays investment management expenses to PGIM who acts as investment manager to certain Company general account and separate account assets. Investment management expenses paid to PGIM related to this agreement were $4 million and $3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $11 million and $10 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. These expenses are recorded as “Net investment income” in the Company's Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

In its ordinary course of business, the Company enters into OTC derivative contracts with an affiliate, PGF. For these OTC derivative contracts, PGF has a substantially equal and offsetting position with an external counterparty. See Note 4 for additional information.

The Company has made investments in joint ventures with certain subsidiaries of Prudential Financial. "Other invested assets" includes $107 million and $96 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. "Net investment income" related to these ventures includes a gain of $7 million and $0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and a gain of $5 million and a gain of $8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company has a revenue sharing agreement with AST Investment Services, Inc. ("ASTISI") and PGIM Investments LLC ("PGIM Investments") whereby the Company receives fee income based on policyholders' separate account balances invested in the Advanced Series Trust. Income received from ASTISI and PGIM Investments related to this agreement was $88 million and $87 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $254 million and $252 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. These revenues are recorded as “Asset administration fees” in the Company's Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

The Company has a revenue sharing agreement with PGIM Investments, whereby the Company receives fee income based on policyholders' separate account balances invested in The Prudential Series Fund. Income received from PGIM Investments related to this agreement was $3 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, and $8 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. These revenues are recorded as “Asset administration fees” in the Company's Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

The affiliated notes receivable shown above are classified as available-for-sale securities and other trading assets carried at fair value. The Company monitors the internal and external credit ratings of these loans and loan performance. The Company also considers any guarantees made by Prudential Insurance for loans due from affiliates.

Accrued interest receivable related to these loans was $1 million at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and is included in “Other assets”. Revenues related to these assets were $1 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, and $3 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, and are included in “Other income”.

The Company participates in affiliated asset trades with parent and sister companies. Book and market value differences for trades with a parent and sister are recognized within "Additional paid-in capital" (“APIC”) and "Realized investment gains (losses), net", respectively. The table below shows affiliated asset trades for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and for the year ended December 31, 2019.


Affiliate	Date	Transaction	Security Type	Fair Value		Book Value		APIC, Net of Tax Increase/(Decrease)		Realized Investment Gain (Loss)
				(in thousands)
Prudential Insurance	February 2019	Sale	Commercial Mortgages	$	4,995	$	5,000	$	(4)	$	0
PALAC	April 2019	Sale	Equity Securities	$	14,525	$	13,466	$	0	$	1,059
Term Re	September 2019	Sale	Fixed Maturities	$	9,178	$	8,135	$	0	$	1,043
PURC	September 2019	Sale	Fixed Maturities	$	8,399	$	7,455	$	0	$	944
PAR U	September 2019	Sale	Fixed Maturities	$	31,466	$	28,146	$	0	$	3,320
Prudential Insurance	September 2019	Sale	Fixed Maturities	$	10,702	$	9,254	$	1,144	$	0
PURC	December 2019	Sale	Equity Securities	$	7,767	$	6,002	$	0	$	1,765
PAR Term	December 2019	Sale	Fixed Maturities	$	27,330	$	24,739	$	0	$	2,591
PURC	December 2019	Sale	Fixed Maturities	$	93,830	$	75,586	$	0	$	18,244
PURC	December 2019	Sale	Fixed Maturities	$	78,884	$	68,645	$	0	$	10,239
Prudential Insurance	December 2019	Purchase	Other Invested Assets	$	9,000	$	9,000	$	0	$	0
Prudential Insurance	March 2020	Purchase	Other Invested Assets	$	1,390	$	1,390	$	0	$	0
Prudential Insurance	April 2020	Purchase	Fixed Maturities	$	61,953	$	59,659	$	(1,812)	$	0
Prudential Insurance	April 2020	Purchase	Fixed Maturities	$	3,485	$	3,320	$	(130)	$	0
GA BV LLC	July 2020	Transfer Out	Fixed Maturities	$	1,914	$	1,914	$	0	$	0

The total interest expense to the Company related to loans payable to affiliates was $0.1 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $0.7 million and $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

In June and September 2020, the Company received capital contributions in the amounts of $325 million and $75 million, respectively, from Prudential Insurance. In December of 2019, the Company received a capital contribution in the amount of $6 million from Prudential Insurance.