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Investments (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Investments [Abstract]  
Fixed Maturities, Available-for-sale Securities
The following tables set forth the composition of fixed maturity securities (excluding investments classified as trading), as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2020
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Allowance for Credit Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies
$
124,521

 
$
3,921

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
128,442

Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions
460,917

 
51,958

 
0

 
0

 
512,875

Foreign government bonds
190,655

 
32,670

 
42

 
0

 
223,283

U.S. public corporate securities
2,060,742

 
342,008

 
7,976

 
0

 
2,394,774

U.S. private corporate securities
898,457

 
70,998

 
4,803

 
1,899

 
962,753

Foreign public corporate securities
225,423

 
28,997

 
2,762

 
0

 
251,658

Foreign private corporate securities
969,193

 
40,731

 
32,418

 
2,673

 
974,833

Asset-backed securities(1)
122,786

 
658

 
2,554

 
0

 
120,890

Commercial mortgage-backed securities
437,874

 
34,650

 
0

 
0

 
472,524

Residential mortgage-backed securities(2)
59,732

 
4,558

 
0

 
0

 
64,290

Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale
$
5,550,300

 
$
611,149

 
$
50,555

 
$
4,572

 
$
6,106,322


(1)
Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, credit cards, auto loans, education loans and home equity loans.
(2)
Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations.

 
December 31, 2019
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
OTTI
in AOCI(3)
 
(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies
$
83,622

 
$
2,846

 
$
0

 
$
86,468

 
$
0

Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions
458,152

 
39,675

 
0

 
497,827

 
0

Foreign government bonds
196,034

 
26,793

 
1

 
222,826

 
0

U.S. public corporate securities
1,914,503

 
229,071

 
2,247

 
2,141,327

 
0

U.S. private corporate securities
886,281

 
44,497

 
1,006

 
929,772

 
0

Foreign public corporate securities
256,843

 
22,158

 
385

 
278,616

 
0

Foreign private corporate securities
939,603

 
38,426

 
19,551

 
958,478

 
0

Asset-backed securities(1)
119,602

 
800

 
466

 
119,936

 
(7
)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
367,848

 
15,231

 
163

 
382,916

 
0

Residential mortgage-backed securities(2)
60,778

 
3,050

 
24

 
63,804

 
(131
)
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale
$
5,283,266

 
$
422,547

 
$
23,843

 
$
5,681,970

 
$
(138
)

(1)
Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, sub-prime mortgages, auto loans, education loans and other asset types.
(2)
Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations.
(3)
Represents the amount of unrealized losses remaining in AOCI, from the impairment measurement date. Amount excludes $1.7 million of net unrealized gains on impaired available-for-sale securities relating to changes in the value of such securities subsequent to the impairment measurement date.
Duration Of Gross Unrealized Losses On Fixed Maturity Securities

The following table sets forth the fair value and gross unrealized losses on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities without an allowance for credit losses aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual fixed maturity securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of the date indicated:

 
June 30, 2020
 
Less Than Twelve Months
 
Twelve Months or More
 
Total
 
Fair Value  
 
Gross
  Unrealized  
Losses
 
Fair Value  
 
Gross
  Unrealized  
Losses
 
Fair Value  
 
Gross
  Unrealized  
Losses
 
(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign government bonds
$
2,119

 
$
42

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
2,119

 
$
42

U.S. public corporate securities
119,249

 
6,812

 
4,858

 
1,164

 
124,107

 
7,976

U.S. private corporate securities
85,321

 
4,514

 
3,772

 
287

 
89,093

 
4,801

Foreign public corporate securities
10,640

 
819

 
5,312

 
1,943

 
15,952

 
2,762

Foreign private corporate securities
148,434

 
5,474

 
192,258

 
26,330

 
340,692

 
31,804

Asset-backed securities
47,117

 
1,087

 
55,368

 
1,467

 
102,485

 
2,554

Commercial mortgage-backed securities
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

Residential mortgage-backed securities
83

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
83

 
0

Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale
$
412,963

 
$
18,748

 
$
261,568

 
$
31,191

 
$
674,531

 
$
49,939


The following table sets forth the fair value and gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual fixed maturity securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of the date indicated:

 
December 31, 2019
 
Less Than Twelve Months
 
Twelve Months or More
 
Total
 
Fair Value  
 
Gross
  Unrealized  
Losses
 
Fair Value  
 
Gross
  Unrealized  
Losses
 
Fair Value  
 
Gross
  Unrealized  
Losses
 
(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign government bonds
$
2,152

 
$
1

 
$
400

 
$
0

 
$
2,552

 
$
1

U.S. public corporate securities
81,622

 
984

 
19,206

 
1,263

 
100,828

 
2,247

U.S. private corporate securities
33,264

 
780

 
22,143

 
226

 
55,407

 
1,006

Foreign public corporate securities
3,839

 
23

 
9,379

 
362

 
13,218

 
385

Foreign private corporate securities
32,800

 
921

 
186,693

 
18,630

 
219,493

 
19,551

Asset-backed securities
32,361

 
243

 
55,461

 
223

 
87,822

 
466

Commercial mortgage-backed securities
22,153

 
163

 
0

 
0

 
22,153

 
163

Residential mortgage-backed securities
3,049

 
16

 
692

 
8

 
3,741

 
24

Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale
$
211,240

 
$
3,131

 
$
293,974

 
$
20,712

 
$
505,214

 
$
23,843


Fixed Maturities Classified by Contractual Maturity Date
The following table sets forth the amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities by contractual maturities, as of the date indicated:

 
June 30, 2020
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
 
(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
 
 
 
Due in one year or less
$
238,403

 
$
240,471

Due after one year through five years
730,695

 
744,717

Due after five years through ten years
958,937

 
998,183

Due after ten years
3,001,873

 
3,465,247

Asset-backed securities
122,786

 
120,890

Commercial mortgage-backed securities
437,874

 
472,524

Residential mortgage-backed securities
59,732

 
64,290

Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale
$
5,550,300

 
$
6,106,322


Sources of Fixed Maturity Proceeds, Realized Investment Gains (Losses), and Losses on Impairments
The following table sets forth the sources of fixed maturity proceeds and related investment gains (losses), as well as losses on write-downs, impairments and the allowance for credit losses of fixed maturities, for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from sales(1)
$
5,223

 
$
28,231

 
$
12,941

 
$
53,018

Proceeds from maturities/prepayments
55,968

 
75,554

 
137,754

 
128,429

Gross investment gains from sales and maturities
39

 
(1,384
)
 
592

 
(435
)
Gross investment losses from sales and maturities
(1,663
)
 
(1,105
)
 
(1,736
)
 
(3,075
)
OTTI recognized in earnings(2)
N/A

 
0

 
N/A

 
(3,163
)
Write-downs recognized in earnings(3)
(77
)
 
N/A

 
(1,022
)
 
N/A

(Addition to) release of allowance for credit losses(4)
$
(2,362
)
 
N/A

 
(4,572
)
 
N/A


(1)
Includes $0.1 million and $2.1 million of non-cash related proceeds due to the timing of trade settlements for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(2)
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, amounts exclude the portion of OTTI amounts remaining in OCI, representing any difference between the fair value of the impaired debt security and the net present value of its projected future cash flows at the time of impairment.
(3)
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, amounts represent write-downs on securities approaching maturity related to foreign exchange movements and securities actively marketed for sale.
(4)
Effective January 1, 2020, credit losses on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities are recorded within the “allowance for credit losses.”

Credit Losses Recognized in Earnings on Fixed Maturity Securities Held by the Company for which a Portion of the OTTI Loss was Recognized in OCI
The following table sets forth the activity in the allowance for credit losses for fixed maturity securities, as of the date indicated:

 
June 30, 2020
 
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. States
 
Foreign Government Bonds
 
U.S. and Foreign Corporate Securities
 
Asset-Backed Securities
 
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities
 
Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities
 
Total
 
(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of year
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

Additions to allowance for credit losses not previously recorded
0

 
0

 
4,891

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
4,891

Reductions for securities sold during the period
0

 
0

 
(9
)
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
(9
)
Addition (reductions) on securities with previous allowance
0

 
0

 
(310
)
 
0

 
0

 
0

 
(310
)
Balance, end of period
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
4,572

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
4,572


Commercial Mortgage and Other Loans
The following table sets forth the composition of “Commercial mortgage and other loans,” as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
Amount
(in thousands)
 
% of
Total
 
Amount
(in thousands)
 
% of
Total
Commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Apartments/Multi-Family
$
356,713

 
29.7
%
 
$
355,175

 
28.6
%
Hospitality
33,673

 
2.8

 
31,449

 
2.5

Industrial
310,332

 
25.8

 
299,803

 
24.1

Office
189,770

 
15.8

 
205,498

 
16.6

Other
139,624

 
11.6

 
136,841

 
11.0

Retail
151,200

 
12.6

 
190,690

 
15.4

Total commercial mortgage loans
1,181,312

 
98.3

 
1,219,456

 
98.2

Agricultural property loans
20,879

 
1.7

 
22,197

 
1.8

Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type
1,202,191

 
100.0
%
 
1,241,653

 
100.0
%
Allowance for credit losses
(4,559
)
 
 
 
(1,768
)
 
 
Total net commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type
1,197,632

 
 
 
1,239,885

 
 
Other loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other collateralized loans
927

 
 
 
0

 
 
Total other loans
927

 
 
 
0

 
 
Allowance for credit losses
0

 
 
 
0

 
 
Total net other loans
927

 
 
 
0

 
 
Total commercial mortgage and other loans
$
1,198,559

 
 
 
$
1,239,885

 
 

Allowance for Credit Losses
The following table sets forth the activity in the allowance for credit losses for commercial mortgage and other loans, as of the dates indicated:

 
Commercial Mortgage Loans
 
Agricultural Property Loans
 
Other Collateralized Loans
 
Total
 
(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2018
$
2,026

 
$
39

 
$
0

 
$
2,065

Addition to (release of) allowance for credit losses
(283
)
 
(14
)
 
0

 
(297
)
Balance at December 31, 2019
1,743

 
25

 
0

 
1,768

Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2016-13
2,495

 
(8
)
 
0

 
2,487

Addition to (release of) allowance for expected losses
311

 
(7
)
 
0

 
304

Balance at June 30, 2020
$
4,549

 
$
10

 
$
0

 
$
4,559



Financing Receivable Credit Quality Indicators
The following tables set forth key credit quality indicators based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses, as of the date indicated:
 
June 30, 2020
 
Amortized Cost by Origination Year
 
2020
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
Prior
 
Revolving Loans
 
Total
 
(in thousands)
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial mortgage loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0%-59.99%
$
0

 
$
57,680

 
$
35,787

 
$
90,979

 
$
164,124

 
$
256,759

 
$
0

 
$
605,329

60%-69.99%
16,864

 
65,000

 
80,324

 
53,111

 
90,127

 
91,606

 
0

 
397,032

70%-79.99%
7,627

 
45,957

 
81,130

 
32,826

 
9,628

 
1,561

 
0

 
178,729

80% or greater
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
222

 
0

 
222

Subtotal
24,491

 
168,637

 
197,241

 
176,916

 
263,879

 
350,148

 
0

 
1,181,312

Agricultural property loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0%-59.99%
0

 
0

 
0

 
6,486

 
0

 
14,393

 
0

 
20,879

60%-69.99%
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

70%-79.99%
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

80% or greater
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

Subtotal
0

 
0

 
0

 
6,486

 
0

 
14,393

 
0

 
20,879

Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0%-59.99%
0

 
57,680

 
35,787

 
97,465

 
164,124

 
271,152

 
0

 
626,208

60%-69.99%
16,864

 
65,000

 
80,324

 
53,111

 
90,127

 
91,606

 
0

 
397,032

70%-79.99%
7,627

 
45,957

 
81,130

 
32,826

 
9,628

 
1,561

 
0

 
178,729

80% or greater
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
222

 
0

 
222

Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans
$
24,491

 
$
168,637

 
$
197,241

 
$
183,402

 
$
263,879

 
$
364,541

 
$
0

 
$
1,202,191



 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
Commercial Mortgage Loans
 
Agricultural Property Loans
 
Commercial Mortgage Loans
 
Agricultural Property Loans
 
(in thousands)
Debt Service Coverage Ratio:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Greater or equal to 1.2x
$
1,117,808

 
$
20,064

 
$
1,159,411

 
$
21,382

1.0 - 1.2x
62,866

 
0

 
58,948

 
0

Less than 1.0x
638

 
815

 
1,097

 
815

Total
$
1,181,312

 
$
20,879

 
$
1,219,456

 
$
22,197


Aging of Past Due Commercial Mortgage and Other Loans and Nonaccrual Status
The following tables set forth an aging of past due commercial mortgage and other loans based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses, as well as the amount of commercial mortgage and other loans on non-accrual status, as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2020
 
Current
 
30-59 Days Past Due
 
60-89 Days Past Due
 
90 Days or More Past Due(1)
 
Total Loans
 
Non-Accrual Status(2)
 
(in thousands)
Commercial mortgage loans
$
1,181,312

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
1,181,312

 
$
0

Agricultural property loans
20,879

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
20,879

 
0

Other collateralized loans
927

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
927

 
0

Total
$
1,203,118

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
1,203,118

 
$
0


(1)
As of June 30, 2020, there were no loans in this category accruing interest.
(2)
For additional information regarding the Company’s policies for accruing interest on loans, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
 
December 31, 2019
 
Current
 
30-59 Days Past Due
 
60-89 Days Past Due
 
90 Days or More Past Due(1)
 
Total Loans
 
Non-Accrual Status(2)
 
(in thousands)
Commercial mortgage loans
$
1,219,456

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
1,219,456

 
$
0

Agricultural property loans
22,197

 
0

 
0

 
0

 
22,197

 
0

Total
$
1,241,653

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
1,241,653

 
$
0



(1)
As of December 31, 2019, there were no loans in this category accruing interest.
(2)
For additional information regarding the Company’s policies for accruing interest on loans, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Other Invested Assets
The following table sets forth the composition of “Other invested assets,” as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
(in thousands)
Company’s investment in separate accounts
$
44,685

 
$
46,573

LPs/LLCs:
 
 
 
Equity method:
 
 
 
Private equity
203,599

 
189,095

Hedge funds
68,132

 
64,002

Real estate-related
45,039

 
42,432

Subtotal equity method
316,770

 
295,529

Fair value:
 
 
 
Private equity
58,562

 
62,639

Hedge funds
503

 
562

Real estate-related
11,813

 
11,707

Subtotal fair value
70,878

 
74,908

Total LPs/LLCs
387,648

 
370,437

Derivative instruments
35,672

 
12,548

Total other invested assets
$
468,005

 
$
429,558


Accrued Investment Income
The following table sets forth the composition of “Accrued investment income,” as of the date indicated:

 
June 30, 2020
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Fixed maturities
$
50,396

Equity securities
1

Commercial mortgage and other loans
3,563

Policy loans
35,388

Short-term investments and cash equivalents
91

Total accrued investment income
$
89,439


Net Investment Income
The following table sets forth “Net investment income” by investment type, for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale
$
54,897

 
$
59,370

 
$
109,463

 
$
115,636

Fixed maturities, trading
395

 
326

 
793

 
634

Equity securities
103

 
221

 
205

 
442

Commercial mortgage and other loans
12,322

 
13,435

 
26,098

 
25,926

Policy loans
17,615

 
16,766

 
34,926

 
32,965

Other invested assets
2,165

 
18,060

 
(1,744
)
 
27,971

Short-term investments and cash equivalents
580

 
1,839

 
2,612

 
4,150

Gross investment income
88,077

 
110,017

 
172,353

 
207,724

Less: investment expenses
(4,615
)
 
(4,455
)
 
(9,310
)
 
(8,912
)
Net investment income
$
83,462

 
$
105,562

 
$
163,043

 
$
198,812


Realized Investment Gains (Losses), Net
The following table sets forth “Realized investment gains (losses), net” by investment type, for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
(in thousands)
Fixed maturities(1)
$
(4,063
)
 
$
(2,489
)
 
$
(6,738
)
 
$
(6,673
)
Commercial mortgage and other loans
(44
)
 
99

 
(232
)
 
106

Other invested assets
5

 
0

 
(310
)
 
12

Derivatives
(76,353
)
 
(49,846
)
 
17,104

 
(94,323
)
Short-term investments and cash equivalents
224

 
(14
)
 
(160
)
 
(7
)
Realized investment gains (losses), net
$
(80,231
)
 
$
(52,250
)
 
$
9,664

 
$
(100,885
)

 
(1)
Includes fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale and excludes fixed maturity securities classified as trading.

Net Unrealized Gains and (Losses) on Investments
The following table sets forth net unrealized gains (losses) on investments, as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
(in thousands)
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale — with OTTI(1)
$ N/A

 
$
1,568

Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale — all other(1)
N/A

 
397,136

Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale with an allowance
(874
)
 
N/A

Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale without an allowance
561,468

 
N/A

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges(2)
93,867

 
26,126

Affiliated notes
6,029

 
4,715

Other investments
(4,391
)
 
(4,365
)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments
$
656,099

 
$
425,180


(1)
Effective January 1, 2020, per ASU 2016-13, fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale are no longer required to be disclosed “with OTTI” and “all other.”
(2)
For more information on cash flow hedges, see Note 4.
Repurchase Agreements and Securities Lending
The following table sets forth the composition of “Cash collateral for loaned securities,” which represents the liability to return cash collateral received for the following types of securities loaned, as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
Remaining Contractual Maturities of the Agreements
 
 
 
Remaining Contractual Maturities of the Agreements
 
 
 
Overnight & Continuous
 
Up to 30 Days
 
Total
 
Overnight & Continuous
 
Up to 30 Days
 
Total
 
(in thousands)
U.S. public corporate securities
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
5,048

 
$
0

 
$
5,048

Foreign public corporate securities
2,700

 
0

 
2,700

 
2,481

 
0

 
2,481

Total cash collateral for loaned securities(1)
$
2,700

 
$
0

 
$
2,700

 
$
7,529

 
$
0

 
$
7,529



(1)
The Company did not have any agreements with remaining contractual maturities greater than thirty days, as of the dates indicated.