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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Summary of stock-based compensation expense
The following table summarizes expenses related to stock-based compensation arrangements recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
 (In millions)
Salaries and related expenses
 
 
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation expense for equity awards
$
5

 
$
9

 
$
9

Stock-based compensation expense for liability awards
1

 
1

 
2

Exit and disposal costs
 
 
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation expense for liability awards (1)
7

 
—

 
—

Income tax benefit
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit related to stock-based compensation expense
(5
)
 
(4
)
 
(4
)
Stock-based compensation expense, net of income taxes
$
8

 
$
6

 
$
7


______________
(1) 
Includes $4 million of expense associated with the modification of awards such that the compensation cost to be recorded for the liability classified award is at least equal to the amount that would be recognized if the award had retained its equity classification.
Summary of stock option activity
The following table summarizes information about stock options for the year ended December 31, 2017:
 
Number of
Options
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(In years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(In millions)
Outstanding and exercisable at January 1, 2017
901,310

 
$
17.85

 
 
 
 

Outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2017 (1)
901,310

 
$
17.85

 
0.9
 
$
—

 _____________________
 
(1) 
There is no amount of unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding stock options as of December 31, 2017.
Summary of restricted stock unit activity
The following tables summarize restricted stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2017:
 
Number of
RSUs
 
Weighted-
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
Market-based RSUs
 

 
 

Outstanding at January 1, 2017
625,308

 
$
13.65

Canceled due to modification of award
(501,129
)
 
13.11

Canceled due to non-achievement of market condition
(53,754
)
 
18.67

Outstanding at December 31, 2017
70,425

 
$
13.67

RSUs expected to be converted into shares of Common stock (1)
—

 
$
13.67

 
 
 
 
Service-based RSUs
 

 
 

Outstanding at January 1, 2017
885,117

 
$
15.48

Granted (2) 
56,958

 
14.07

Canceled due to modification of award
(489,561
)
 
14.24

Converted
(268,282
)
 
17.95

Outstanding at December 31, 2017
184,232

 
$
16.02

RSUs expected to be converted into shares of Common stock
184,232

 
$
16.02

_____________________
 
(1) 
The performance criteria impact the number of awards that may vest. The number of RSUs related to these market-based awards represents the expected number to be earned based upon if the contingency was met as of December 31, 2017.
(2) 
Represents RSUs earned by non-employee Directors for services rendered as members of the Board of Directors.
Schedule of assumptions used for estimating weighted-average grant-date fair value of market-based RSUs using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model
The weighted-average grant-date fair value of these market-based RSUs was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model with the following assumptions:
 
 
December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
Grant date stock price
$
13.00

 
$
24.24

Risk-free interest rate
1.09
%
 
0.94
%
Expected volatility
45.7
%
 
30.2
%
Dividend yield
—

 
—