Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Debt

The following table presents White Mountains’s debt outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

	December 31,		Effective	December 31,		Effective
$ in Millions	2022		Rate (1)	2021		Rate (1)
HG Global Senior Notes	$	150.0	8.9%	$	—
Unamortized discount and issuance cost	(3.5)			—
HG Global Senior Notes, carrying value	146.5			—
Ark 2007 Subordinated Notes, carrying value	30.0			30.0
Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 1	41.3			44.2
Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 2	47.0			47.0
Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 3	70.0			70.0
Unamortized issuance cost	(4.6)			(5.3)
Ark 2021 Subordinated Notes, carrying value	153.7			155.9
Total Ark Subordinated Notes, carrying value	183.7		7.6%	185.9		6.9%
Kudu Credit Facility	215.2		6.1%	225.4		4.3%
Unamortized issuance cost	(6.9)			(7.2)
Kudu Credit Facility, carrying value	208.3			218.2
Other Operations debt	37.4		6.6%	17.1		7.5%
Unamortized issuance cost	(.7)			(.3)
Other Operations debt, carrying value	36.7			16.8
Total debt	$	575.2		$	420.9

(1) Effective rate includes the effect of the amortization of debt issuance costs and, where applicable, the original issue discount.

The following table presents a schedule of contractual repayments of White Mountains’s debt as of December 31, 2022:

Millions	December 31, 2022
Due in one year or less	$	5.4
Due in two to three years	12.6
Due in four to five years	30.7
Due after five years	542.2
Total	$	590.9

HG Global Senior Notes

On April 29, 2022, HG Global received the proceeds of its $150.0 million face value floating rate secured senior notes (the “HG Global Senior Notes”). The HG Global Senior Notes, which mature in April 2032, accrue interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus 6.3% per annum. Subsequent to the five-year anniversary of the funding date, absent the occurrence of an early amortization trigger event, HG Global will make payments of principal on a quarterly basis totaling $15.0 million annually. Upon the occurrence of an early amortization trigger event, HG Global is required to use all available cash flow to repay the notes. Early amortization trigger events include scenarios in which HG Re is effectively in run off. HG Global has the option to redeem, in whole or in part, the HG Global Senior Notes after the five-year anniversary of the funding date at the outstanding principal amounts plus accrued interest.

On June 16, 2022, HG entered into an interest rate cap agreement, effective on July 25, 2022, to limit its exposure to the risk of interest rate increases on the HG Global Senior Notes. The notional amount of the interest rate cap is $150.0 million and the termination date is July 25, 2025. See Note 9 — “Derivatives.”

The HG Global Senior Notes require HG Global to maintain an interest reserve account of eight times the interest accrued for the most recent quarterly interest period. As of December 31, 2022, the interest reserve account, which is included in short-term investments, is $31.2 million.

The HG Global Senior Notes are secured by the capital stock and other equity interests of HG Global’s subsidiaries, the interest reserve account, and all cash and non-cash proceeds from the foregoing collateral. The HG Global Senior Notes contain various affirmative and negative covenants that White Mountains considers to be customary for such borrowings.

If the payments of principal and interest under the HG Global Senior Notes become subject to tax withholding on behalf of a relevant governmental authority for certain indemnified taxes, the HG Global Senior Notes require the payment of additional amounts such that the amount received by the noteholders is the same as would have been received absent the tax withholding being imposed. The HG Global Senior Notes require the payment of additional interest of 1.0% per annum if the HG Global Senior Notes receive a non-investment grade rating or are no longer rated.

As of December 31, 2022, the HG Global Senior Notes had an outstanding principal balance of $150.0 million.

Ark Subordinated Notes

In March 2007, GAIL issued $30.0 million face value of floating rate unsecured junior subordinated deferrable interest notes to Alesco Preferred Funding XII Ltd., Alesco Preferred Funding XIII Ltd. and Alesco Preferred Funding XIV Ltd (the “Ark 2007 Notes Tranche 1”) and a €12.0 million floating rate subordinated note to Dekania Europe CDO II plc (the “Ark 2007 Notes Tranche 2”) (together, the “Ark 2007 Subordinated Notes”). The Ark 2007 Notes Tranche 1, which mature in June 2037, accrue interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month U.S. LIBOR plus 4.6%. The Ark 2007 Notes Tranche 2, which matures in June 2027, accrues interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month EURIBOR plus 4.6%. During 2021, Ark repaid €12.0 million ($13.5 million based upon the foreign exchange spot rate at the date of repayment) of the outstanding principal balance on the Ark 2007 Notes Tranche 2. As of December 31, 2022, the Ark 2007 Notes Tranche 1 had an outstanding balance of $30.0 million.

In the third quarter of 2021, GAIL issued $163.3 million face value floating rate subordinated notes at par in three separate transactions for proceeds of $157.8 million, net of debt issuance costs. The Ark 2021 Subordinated Notes were issued in private placement offerings that were exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933. On July 13, 2021, Ark issued €39.1 million ($46.3 million based upon the foreign exchange spot rate as of the date of the transaction) face value floating rate unsecured subordinated notes (“Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 1”). The Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 1, which mature in July 2041, accrue interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month EURIBOR plus 5.75%. On August 11, 2021, Ark issued $47.0 million face value floating rate unsecured subordinated notes (“Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 2”). The Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 2, which mature in August 2041, accrue interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month U.S. LIBOR plus 5.75%. On September 8, 2021, Ark issued $70.0 million face value floating rate unsecured subordinated notes (“Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 3”). The Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 3, which mature in September 2041, accrue interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month U.S. LIBOR plus 6.1%. On the ten-year anniversary of the issue dates, the interest rate for the Ark 2021 Subordinated Notes will increase by 1.0% per annum. Ark has the option to redeem, in whole or in part, the Ark 2021 Subordinated Notes ahead of contractual maturity at the outstanding principal amounts plus accrued interest at the ten-year anniversary or any subsequent interest payment date.

All payments of principal and interest under the Ark 2021 Subordinated Notes are conditional upon GAIL’s solvency and compliance with the enhanced capital requirements of the Bermuda Monetary Authority (“BMA”). The deferral of payments of principal and interest under these conditions does not constitute a default by Ark and does not give the noteholders any rights to accelerate repayment of the Ark 2021 Subordinated Notes or take any enforcement action under the Ark 2021 Subordinated Notes.

If the payments of principal and interest under the Ark 2021 Subordinated Notes become subject to tax withholding on behalf of Bermuda or any political subdivision there, the Ark 2021 Subordinated Notes require the payment of additional amounts such that the amount received by the noteholders is the same as would have been received absent the tax withholding being imposed. The Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 3 require the payment of additional interest of 1.0% per annum upon the occurrence of a Premium Load Event until such event is remedied. Premium Load Events include the failure to meet payment obligations of the Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 3 when due, failure of GAIL to maintain an investment grade credit rating, failure to maintain 120% of GAIL’s Bermuda solvency capital requirement, failure of GAIL to maintain a debt to capital ratio below 40%, late filing of GAIL’s or Ark’s financial information, and making a restricted payment or distribution on GAIL’s common stock or other securities that rank junior or pari passu with the Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 3 when a different Premium Load Event exists or will be caused by the restricted payment.

As of December 31, 2022, the Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 1 had an outstanding balance of €39.1 million ($41.3 million based upon the foreign exchange spot rate as of December 31, 2022), the Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 2 had an outstanding balance of $47.0 million, and the Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 3 had an outstanding balance of $70.0 million.

Ark Stand By Letter of Credit Facilities

In December 2021, Ark entered into two uncommitted secured stand by letter of credit facility agreements to support the continued growth and expansion of its GAIL insurance and reinsurance operations. The stand by letter of credit facility agreements were executed with ING Bank N.V., London Branch (the “ING LOC Facility”) with capacity of $50.0 million on an uncollateralized basis and with Citibank Europe Plc (the “Citibank LOC Facility”) with capacity of $100.0 million on a collateralized basis. In September 2022, Ark entered an additional uncommitted standby letter of credit facility agreement with Lloyds Bank Corporate Markets PLC (the “Lloyds LOC Facility”) with capacity of $50.0 million on a collateralized basis.

As of December 31, 2022, the ING LOC Facility was undrawn. As of December 31, 2022, the Citibank LOC Facility and the Lloyds LOC Facility had outstanding principal balances of $53.6 million and $6.8 million and short-term investments pledged as collateral of $80.3 million and $10.0 million. Ark’s uncommitted secured stand by letter of credit facility agreements contain various representations, warranties and covenants that White Mountains considers to be customary for such borrowings.

Kudu Credit Facility and Kudu Bank Facility

During 2019, Kudu entered into a secured credit facility with Monroe Capital Management Advisors, LLC (the “Kudu Bank Facility”). On March 23, 2021, Kudu replaced the Kudu Bank Facility and entered into a secured revolving credit facility (the “Kudu Credit Facility”) with Mass Mutual to repay the Kudu Bank Facility and to fund new investments and related transaction expenses. The maximum borrowing capacity of the Kudu Credit Facility is $300.0 million. The Kudu Credit Facility matures on March 23, 2036. In connection with the replacement of the Kudu Bank Facility, Kudu recognized a total loss of $4.1 million, representing debt issuance costs and prepayment fees, which are included within interest expense for the period ended December 31, 2021.

Interest on the Kudu Credit Facility accrues at a floating interest rate equal to the greater of the three month LIBOR and 0.25%, plus in each case, the applicable spread of 4.30%. The Kudu Credit Facility requires Kudu to maintain an interest reserve account, which is included in restricted cash. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the interest reserve account is $12.2 million and $4.5 million. The Kudu Credit Facility requires Kudu to maintain a ratio of the outstanding balance to the sum of the fair market value of Kudu’s Participation Contracts and cash held in certain accounts (the “LTV Percentage”) of less than 50% in years 0-3, 40% in years 4-6, 25% in years 7-8, 15% in years 9-10, and 0% thereafter. As of December 31, 2022, Kudu has a 33% LTV Percentage.

Kudu may borrow undrawn balances within the initial three-year availability period, subject to customary terms and conditions, to the extent the amount borrowed under the Kudu Credit Facility does not exceed the borrowing base, which is equal to 35% of the fair value of qualifying Kudu Participation Contracts. When considering the fair value of qualifying Kudu Participation Contracts as of December 31, 2022, the available undrawn balance was $45.9 million.

The following table presents the change in debt under the Kudu Bank Facility and Kudu Credit Facility for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:

	Year Ended December 31,
Millions	2022		2021		2020
Kudu Bank Facility
Beginning balance	$	—	$	89.2	$	57.0
Term loans
Borrowings	—		3.0		32.2
Repayments	—		(92.2)		—
Ending balance	$	—	$	—	$	89.2
Kudu Credit Facility
Beginning balance	$	225.4	$	—	$	—
Term loans
Borrowings	35.0		232.0		—
Repayments	(45.2)		(6.6)		—
Ending balance	$	215.2	$	225.4	$	—

The Kudu Credit Facility is secured by all property of the loan parties and contains various affirmative and negative covenants that White Mountains considers to be customary for such borrowings.

Other Operations Debt

As of December 31, 2022, White Mountains’s Other Operations had debt with an outstanding principal balance of $36.7 million, which consisted of five secured credit facilities (collectively, “Other Operations debt”).

Compliance

As of December 31, 2022, White Mountains was in compliance, in all material respects, with all of the covenants under its debt facilities.

Interest

Total interest expense incurred by White Mountains for its indebtedness was $40.3 million, $20.5 million and $7.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. Total interest paid by White Mountains for its indebtedness was $30.5 million, $13.9 million, and $6.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.