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Debt
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt Debt
 
The following table presents White Mountains’s debt outstanding as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
$ in MillionsJune 30,
2022		Effective
  Rate
 (1)
December 31,
2021		Effective
  Rate
 (1)
HG Global Senior Notes$150.0 7.6%$— N/A
Unamortized discount and issuance cost(3.7)— 
HG Global Senior Notes, carrying value146.3 — 
Ark 2007 Subordinated Notes, carrying value30.0 30.0 
Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 141.5 44.2 
Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 247.0 47.0 
Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 370.0 70.0 
Unamortized issuance cost(5.0)(5.3)
Ark 2021 Subordinated Notes, carrying value153.5 155.9 
    Total Ark Subordinated Notes, carrying value183.5 6.8%185.9 6.9%
Kudu Credit Facility260.4 5.1%225.4 4.3%
Unamortized issuance cost(7.1)(7.2)
Kudu Credit Facility, carrying value253.3 218.2 
Other Operations debt35.7 7.4%17.1 7.5%
Unamortized issuance cost(.7)(.3)
Other Operations debt, carrying value35.0 16.8 
Total debt$618.1 $420.9 
 (1) Effective rate includes the effect of the amortization of debt issuance costs.
HG Global Senior Notes

On April 29, 2022, HG Global received the proceeds of its $150.0 million face value floating rate secured senior notes (the “HG Global Senior Notes”). The HG Global Senior Notes, which mature in April 2032, accrue interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus 6.3% per annum. Subsequent to the five-year anniversary of the funding date, absent the occurrence of an early amortization trigger event, HG Global will make payments of principal on a quarterly basis totaling $15.0 million annually. Upon the occurrence of an early amortization trigger event, HG Global is required to use all available cash flow to repay the notes. Early amortization trigger events include scenarios in which HG Re is effectively in run off. HG Global has the option to redeem, in whole or in part, the HG Global Senior Notes after the five-year anniversary of the funding date at the outstanding principal amounts plus accrued interest.
The HG Global Senior Notes require HG Global to maintain an interest reserve account of eight times the interest accrued for the most recent quarterly interest period, which is included in short-term investments. As of June 30, 2022, the interest reserve account is $22.0 million.
The HG Global Senior Notes are secured by the capital stock and other equity interests of HG Global’s subsidiaries, the interest reserve account, and all cash and non-cash proceeds from the foregoing collateral. The HG Global Senior Notes contain various affirmative and negative covenants that White Mountains considers to be customary for such borrowings.
If the payments of principal and interest under the HG Global Senior Notes become subject to tax withholding on behalf of a relevant governmental authority for certain indemnified taxes, the HG Global Senior Notes require the payment of additional amounts such that the amount received by the noteholders is the same as would have been received absent the tax withholding being imposed. The HG Global Senior Notes require the payment of additional interest of 1.0% per annum if the HG Global Senior Notes receive a non-investment grade rating or are no longer rated.
As of June 30, 2022, the HG Global Senior Notes had an outstanding principal balance of $150.0 million.

Ark Subordinated Notes

In March 2007, GAIL issued $30.0 million face value of floating rate unsecured junior subordinated deferrable interest notes to Alesco Preferred Funding XII Ltd., Alesco Preferred Funding XIII Ltd. and Alesco Preferred Funding XIV Ltd (the “Ark 2007 Subordinated Notes”). The Ark 2007 Subordinated Notes, which mature in June 2037, accrue interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month U.S. London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 4.6% per annum. As of June 30, 2022, the Ark 2007 Subordinated Notes had an outstanding principal balance of $30.0 million.
In the third quarter of 2021, GAIL issued $163.3 million face value floating rate subordinated notes at par in three separate transactions for proceeds of $157.8 million, net of debt issuance costs. The unsecured subordinated notes (the “Ark 2021 Subordinated Notes”) were issued in private placement offerings that were exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933. On July 13, 2021, Ark issued €39.1 million ($46.3 million based upon the foreign exchange spot rate as of the date of the transaction) face value floating rate unsecured subordinated notes (“Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 1”). The Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 1, which mature in July 2041, accrue interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month EURIBOR plus 5.75% per annum. On August 11, 2021, Ark issued $47.0 million face value floating rate unsecured subordinated notes (“Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 2”). The Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 2, which mature in August 2041, accrue interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month U.S. LIBOR plus 5.75% per annum. On September 8, 2021, Ark issued $70.0 million face value floating rate unsecured subordinated notes (“Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 3”). The Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 3, which mature in September 2041, accrue interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month U.S. LIBOR plus 6.1% per annum. On the ten-year anniversary of the issue dates, the interest rate for the Ark 2021 Subordinated Notes will increase by 1.0% per annum. Ark has the option to redeem, in whole or in part, the Ark 2021 Subordinated Notes ahead of contractual maturity at the outstanding principal amounts plus accrued interest at the ten-year anniversary or any subsequent interest payment date.
All payments of principal and interest under the Ark 2021 Subordinated Notes are conditional upon GAIL’s solvency and compliance with the enhanced capital requirements of the Bermuda Monetary Authority (“BMA”). The deferral of payments of principal and interest under these conditions does not constitute a default by Ark and does not give the noteholders any rights to accelerate repayment of the Ark 2021 Subordinated Notes or take any enforcement action under the Ark 2021 Subordinated Notes.
If the payments of principal and interest under the Ark 2021 Subordinated Notes become subject to tax withholding on behalf of Bermuda or any political subdivision there, the Ark 2021 Subordinated Notes require the payment of additional amounts such that the amount received by the noteholders is the same as would have been received absent the tax withholding being imposed. The Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 3 require the payment of additional interest of 1.0% per annum upon the occurrence of a premium load event until such event is remedied. Premium load events include the failure to meet payment obligations of the Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 3 when due, failure of GAIL to maintain an investment grade credit rating, failure to maintain 120% of GAIL’s Bermuda solvency capital requirement, failure of GAIL to maintain a debt to capital ratio below 40%, late filing of GAIL’s or Ark’s financial information, and making a restricted payment or distribution on GAIL’s common stock or other securities that rank junior or pari passu with the Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 3 when a different premium load event exists or will be caused by the restricted payment.
As of June 30, 2022, the Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 1 had an outstanding principal balance of €39.1 million ($41.5 million based upon the foreign exchange spot rate as of June 30, 2022), the Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 2 had an outstanding principal balance of $47.0 million, and the Ark 2021 Notes Tranche 3 had an outstanding principal balance of $70.0 million.
The Ark Subordinated Notes contain various affirmative and negative covenants that White Mountains considers to be customary for such borrowings.

Ark Standby Letter of Credit Facilities

In December 2021, Ark entered into two uncommitted secured standby letter of credit facility agreements to support the continued growth and expansion of its GAIL insurance and reinsurance operations. The standby letter of credit facility agreements were executed with ING Bank N.V., London Branch (the “ING LOC Facility”) with capacity of $50.0 million on an uncollateralized basis and with Citibank Europe Plc (the “Citibank LOC Facility”) with capacity of $100.0 million on a collateralized basis. As of June 30, 2022, the ING LOC Facility was undrawn. As of June 30, 2022, the Citibank LOC Facility had an outstanding principal balance of $36.2 million. As of June 30, 2022, $49.8 million of short-term investments were pledged as collateral under the Citibank LOC Facility. Ark’s uncommitted secured standby letter of credit facility agreements contain various representations, warranties and covenants that White Mountains considers to be customary for such borrowings.

Kudu Credit Facility and Kudu Bank Facility

On December 23, 2019, Kudu entered into a secured credit facility with Monroe Capital Management Advisors, LLC (the “Kudu Bank Facility”). On March 23, 2021, Kudu replaced the Kudu Bank Facility and entered into a secured revolving credit facility (the “Kudu Credit Facility”) with Mass Mutual to repay the Kudu Bank Facility, and to fund new investments and related transaction expenses. The maximum borrowing capacity of the Kudu Credit Facility is $300.0 million. The Kudu Credit Facility matures on March 23, 2036. In connection with the replacement of the Kudu Bank Facility, Kudu recognized a total loss of $4.1 million, representing debt issuance costs and prepayment fees, which are included within interest expense for the year to date period ended June 30, 2021.
The Kudu Credit Facility requires Kudu to maintain an interest reserve account, which is included in restricted cash. As of June 30, 2022, the interest reserve account is $7.3 million. The Kudu Credit Facility requires Kudu to maintain a ratio of the outstanding balance to the sum of the fair market value of the participation contracts and cash held in certain accounts (the “LTV Percentage”) of less than 50% in years 0-3, 40% in years 4-6, 25% in years 7-8, 15% in years 9-10, and 0% thereafter. As of June 30, 2022, Kudu has a 34.1% LTV Percentage.
Kudu may borrow undrawn balances within the initial three-year availability period, subject to customary terms and conditions, to the extent the amount borrowed under the Kudu Credit Facility does not exceed the borrowing base, which is equal to 35% of the fair value of qualifying Kudu Participation Contracts. As of June 30, 2022, the available undrawn balance was $27.8 million.
The following table presents the change in debt under the Kudu Bank Facility and Kudu Credit Facility for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
Millions2022202120222021
Kudu Bank Facility
Beginning balance$— $— $— $89.2 
Term loans
Borrowings— — — 3.0 
Repayments— — — (92.2)
Ending balance$— $— $— $— 
Kudu Credit Facility
Beginning balance$225.4 $102.0 $225.4 $— 
Term loans
Borrowings 35.0 — 35.0 102.0 
Repayments— — — — 
Ending balance$260.4 $102.0 $260.4 $102.0 

The Kudu Credit Facility is secured by all property of the loan parties and contains various affirmative and negative covenants that White Mountains considers to be customary for such borrowings.

Other Operations Debt

As of June 30, 2022, debt in White Mountains’s Other Operations segment consisted of five secured credit facilities (collectively, “Other Operations debt”).
The first credit facility has a maximum borrowing capacity of $16.3 million, which is comprised of a term loan of $11.3 million, a delayed-draw term loan of $3.0 million and a revolving credit loan commitment of $2.0 million, all with a maturity date of March 12, 2024. The second credit facility has a maximum borrowing capacity of $15.0 million, which is comprised of a term loan of $9.0 million, a delayed-draw term loan of $4.0 million and a revolving credit loan commitment of $2.0 million, all with a maturity date of July 2, 2025. The third credit facility has a maximum borrowing capacity of $8.0 million, which is comprised of a revolving credit loan commitment, with a maturity date of December 9, 2026. The fourth credit facility has a maximum borrowing capacity of $11.5 million, which is comprised of a revolving credit loan commitment, with a maturity date of April 7, 2027. The fifth credit facility has a maximum borrowing capacity of $11.5 million, which is comprised of a revolving credit loan commitment, with a maturity date of May 31, 2027.
During the three months ended and six months ended June 30, 2022, White Mountains’s Other Operations segment borrowed $19.0 million and $21.0 million. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, White Mountains’s Other Operations segment made repayments of $1.1 million and $2.4 million. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, White Mountains’s Other Operations segment had no borrowings. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, White Mountains’s Other Operation segment made repayments of $0.2 million and $0.4 million on the term loans, under the second credit facility. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the White Mountains’s Other Operations segment debt had an outstanding principal balance of $35.7 million and $17.1 million.

Compliance

At June 30, 2022, White Mountains was in compliance in all material respects with the covenants under all of its debt instruments.