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Employee Share-Based Incentive Compensation Plans (Tables) - White Mountains
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award  
Summary of performance shares outstanding and accrued expense for performance shares awarded under the WTM Incentive Plan
Performance shares are designed to reward employees for meeting company-wide performance targets. Performance shares are conditional grants of a specified maximum number of common shares or an equivalent amount of cash. Awards generally vest at the end of a three-year service period, are subject to the attainment of pre-specified performance goals, and are valued based on the market value of common shares at the time awards are paid. Performance shares earned under the WTM Incentive Plan are typically paid in cash but may be paid in common shares. Compensation expense is recognized for the vested portion of the awards over the related service periods. The level of payout ranges from zero to two times the number of shares initially granted, depending on White Mountains’s financial performance. Performance shares become payable at the conclusion of a performance cycle (typically 3 years) if pre-defined financial targets are met. The performance measures used for determining performance share payouts are growth in White Mountains’s adjusted book value per share and intrinsic value per share. Intrinsic value per share is generally calculated by adjusting adjusted book value per share for differences between the adjusted book value of certain assets and liabilities and White Mountains’s estimate of their underlying intrinsic values.
The following table presents the performance share activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 for performance shares granted under the WTM Incentive Plan:
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Millions, except share amounts
 
Target Performance
Shares Outstanding
 
Accrued
Expense
 
Target Performance
Shares Outstanding
 
Accrued
Expense
 
Target Performance
Shares Outstanding
 
Accrued
Expense
 
Target Performance
Shares Outstanding
 
Accrued
Expense
Beginning of period
 
42,458

 
$
9.8

 
40,602

 
$
23.1

 
42,473

 
$
43.7

 
40,616

 
$
31.7

Shares paid (1)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(14,070
)
 
(27.7
)
 
(13,715
)
 
(18.1
)
New grants
 
—

 
—

 
1,900

 
—

 
14,055

 
—

 
15,600

 
—

Forfeitures and
  cancellations(2)
 
—

 
—

 
(29
)
 
(.2
)
 
—

 
.4

 
(28
)
 
—

Expense recognized
 
—

 
6.0

 
—

 
7.9

 
—

 
(.6
)
 
—

 
17.2

End of period
 
42,458

 
$
15.8

 
42,473

 
$
30.8

 
42,458

 
$
15.8

 
42,473

 
$
30.8

(1) WTM performance share payments in 2020 for the 2017-2019 performance cycle, which were paid in cash in March 2020, ranged from 174% to 180% of target.  WTM performance share payments in 2019 for the 2016-2018 performance cycle, which were paid in cash in March 2019, ranged from 139% to 166% of target. 
(2) Amounts include changes in assumed forfeitures, as required under GAAP.
Share-based Compensation, Performance Shares Award Outstanding Activity
The following table presents performance shares outstanding and accrued expense for performance shares awarded under the WTM Incentive Plan as of June 30, 2020 for each performance cycle:
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Millions, except share amounts
 
Target Performance
Shares Outstanding
 
Accrued
Expense
Performance cycle:
 
 

 
 

2018 – 2020
 
13,450

 
$
8.0

2019 – 2021
 
15,600

 
5.9

2020 – 2022
 
14,055

 
2.1

Sub-total
 
43,105

 
16.0

Assumed forfeitures
 
(647
)
 
(.2
)
June 30, 2020
 
42,458

 
$
15.8
Summary of restricted shares activity The following table presents the unrecognized compensation cost associated with the outstanding restricted share awards for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019:
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Millions, 
except share amounts
 
Restricted
Shares
 
Unamortized
Issue Date
Fair Value
 
Restricted
Shares
 
Unamortized
Issue Date
Fair Value
 
Restricted
Shares
 
Unamortized Issue Date
Fair Value
 
Restricted
Shares
 
Unamortized Issue Date
Fair Value
Non-vested,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Beginning of period
 
43,105

 
$
26.6

 
41,495

 
$
22.8

 
43,395

 
$
16.7

 
41,510

 
$
12.5

Issued
 
—

 
—

 
1,900

 
1.7

 
14,055

 
15.1

 
15,600

 
14.5

Vested
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(14,345
)
 
—

 
(13,715
)
 
—

Forfeited
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Expense recognized
 
—

 
(3.6
)
 
—

 
(2.6
)
 
—

 
(8.8
)
 
—

 
(5.1
)
End of period
 
43,105

 
$
23.0

 
43,395

 
$
21.9

 
43,105

 
$
23.0

 
43,395

 
$
21.9