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Derivatives (Tables) - Variable Annuity
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]  
Pre-tax operating results of WM Life Re
The following table summarizes the pre-tax operating results of WM Life Re for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
March 31,
Millions
 
2016
 
2015
Fees, included in other revenue
 
$
1.0

 
$
3.0

Change in fair value of variable annuity liability,
   included in other revenue
 
(.4
)
 
.4

Change in fair value of derivatives, included in other revenue
 
(1.7
)
 
(5.5
)
Foreign exchange, included in other revenue
 
.9

 
(1.1
)
Other investment income and (losses) gains
 
—

 
—

Total revenue
 
(.2
)
 
(3.2
)
Change in fair value of variable annuity death benefit liabilities,
   included in other general and administrative expenses
 
—

 
—

Death benefit claims paid, included in general and
   administrative expenses
 
(.1
)
 
—

General and administrative expenses
 
(.8
)
 
(1.4
)
Pre-tax income (loss)
 
$
(1.1
)
 
$
(4.6
)
Realized and unrealized derivative gains (losses) recognized in other revenues and carrying values, by the type of instrument
The following summarizes realized and unrealized derivative gains (losses) recognized in other revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 and the carrying values, included in other assets, at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 by type of instrument:
 
 
Gains (losses)
Carrying Value
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
As of
 
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31, 2015
Millions
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
Fixed income/interest rate
 
$
1.8

 
$
9.3

 
$
(.4
)
 
$
.5

Foreign exchange
 
(4.2
)
 
(12.1
)
 
12.5

 
14.8

Equity
 
.7

 
(2.7
)
 
1.0

 
4.8

Total
 
$
(1.7
)
 
$
(5.5
)
 
$
13.1

 
$
20.1
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Non-recurring Basis Table
The following tables summarize the changes in White Mountains’s variable annuity reinsurance liabilities and derivative instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015:
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
 
 
Variable Annuity
Assets (Liabilities)
 
Derivative Instruments
Millions
 
Level 3
 
Level 3 (1)
 
Level 2 (1)(2)
 
Level 1 (3)
 
Total
Beginning of period
 
$
.3

 
$
2.7

 
$
16.5

 
$
.9

 
$
20.1

Purchases
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Realized and unrealized gains (losses)
 
(.4
)
 
1.2

 
1.1

 
(4.0
)
 
(1.7
)
Transfers in
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Sales/settlements
 
—

 
(1.3
)
 
(7.3
)
 
3.3

 
(5.3
)
End of period
 
$
(.1
)
 
$
2.6

 
$
10.3

 
$
.2

 
$
13.1


 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
 
 
Variable Annuity
Assets
 
Derivative Instruments
Millions
 
Level 3
 
Level 3 (1)
 
Level 2 (1)(2)
 
Level 1 (3)
 
Total
Beginning of period
 
$
.7

 
$
18.9

 
$
33.8

 
$
3.7

 
$
56.4

Purchases
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Realized and unrealized gains (losses)
 
.4

 
(.6
)
 
(6.5
)
 
1.6

 
(5.5
)
Transfers in
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Sales/settlements
 
—

 
(1.3
)
 
3.9

 
(6.5
)
 
(3.9
)
End of period
 
$
1.1

 
$
17.0

 
$
31.2

 
$
(1.2
)
 
$
47.0

(1) Consists of over-the-counter instruments.
(2) Consists of interest rate swaps, total return swaps, foreign currency forward contracts, and bond forwards. Fair value measurement based upon bid/ask pricing quotes for similar instruments that are actively traded, where available.  Swaps for which an active market does not exist have been priced using observable inputs including the swap curve and the underlying bond index.
(3) Consists of exchange traded equity index, foreign currency and interest rate futures. Fair value measurements based upon quoted prices for identical instruments that are actively traded.
Assets Held under Reinsurance Counterparty Trust Agreement
The total collateral includes the following:
Millions
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
March 31, 2015
Cash
 
$
8.4

 
$
5.8

 
$
29.0

Fixed maturity investments
 
—

 
—

 
4.5

Total
 
$
8.4

 
$
5.8

 
$
33.5
Schedule of significant unobservable inputs associated with the fair value estimates for variable annuity reinsurance liabilities and derivative instruments
The following summarizes quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs associated with the fair value estimates for variable annuity reinsurance liabilities and derivative instruments that have been classified as Level 3 measurements:
 ($ in Millions)
 
March 31, 2016
Description
 
Fair 
Value
 
Valuation Technique(s)
 
Unobservable Input
 
Range
 
Weighted
Average
Variable annuity benefit guarantee liabilities
 
$
(.1
)
 
Discounted cash flows
 
Surrenders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     0-1 year
 
0.1
 %
-
40.0%
 
40.0
 %
 

 
 
 
Mortality
 
0.0
 %
-
6.4%
 
1.1
 %
 

 
 
 
Foreign exchange volatilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     0-1 year
 
12.0
 %
-
18.4%
 
13.5
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
Index volatilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     0-1 year
 
25.5
 %
-
28.8%
 
26.2
 %
Foreign exchange options
 
$
1.1

 
Counterparty valuations, adjusted for unwind quote discount
 
Adjustment to counterparty valuations
 
(4.3
)%
-
(7.3)%
 
(5.9
)%
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity index options
$
1.5

 
Counterparty valuations, adjusted for unwind quote discount
 
Adjustment to counterparty valuations
 
(0.6
)%
-
(5.7)%
 
(5.6
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exchange traded and OTC derivative instruments
The following summarizes amounts offset under master netting agreements:
 
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Millions
 
Gross asset amounts before offsets (1)
 
Gross liability amounts offset under master netting arrangements
 
Net amounts recognized in Other Assets
 
Gross asset amounts before offsets (1)
 
Gross liability amounts offset under master netting arrangements
 
Net amounts recognized in Other Assets
Interest rate contracts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
 
$
2.2

 
$
(2.5
)
 
$
(.3
)
 
$
2.4

 
$
(2.1
)
 
$
.3

Exchange traded
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
.1

 
(.1
)
 
—

Foreign exchange contracts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
 
12.7

 
—

 
12.7

 
15.0

 
—

 
15.0

Exchange traded
 
—

 
(.1
)
 
(.1
)
 
.1

 
(.3
)
 
(.2
)
Equity contracts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
 
1.5

 
(.9
)
 
.6

 
4.4

 
(.6
)
 
3.8

Exchange traded
 
.3

 
(.1
)
 
.2

 
1.2

 
—

 
1.2

Total(2)
 
$
16.7

 
$
(3.6
)
 
$
13.1

 
$
23.2

 
$
(3.1
)
 
$
20.1

(1) Amount equal to fair value of instrument as recognized in other assets
(2) All derivative instruments held by WM Life Re are subject to master netting arrangements.
Net exposure to collateral
The following summarizes the value, collateral held or provided by WM Life Re and net exposure to credit losses on OTC and exchange traded derivative instruments by counterparty recorded within other assets:
 
 
March 31, 2016
Millions
 
Net amount of assets reflected in Balance Sheet
 
Collateral provided to counterparty - Cash
 
Collateral provided to counter-party - Financial Instruments
 
Net amount of exposure after effect of collateral provided
 
Excess collateral provided to counter-party- Cash
 
Excess collateral provided - Financial Instruments
 
Counter-party collateral held by WMLife Re - Cash
 
Net amount of exposure to counter-party
 
Standard
& Poor's
Rating(1)
Bank of America
 
$
1.4

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1.4

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1.4

 
A
 
JP Morgan
 
6.5

 
—

 
—

 
6.5

 
—

 
—

 
5.4

 
1.1

 
A
+
Citigroup - OTC
 
5.0

 
—

 
—

 
5.0

 
—

 
—

 
.5

 
4.5

 
A
 
Citigroup -
  Exchange Traded
 
.2

 
—

 
—

 
.2

 
7.9

 
—

 
—

 
8.1

 
A
 
   Total
 
$
13.1

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
13.1

 
$
7.9

 
$
—

 
$
5.9

 
$
15.1

 
 
 

 
 
December 31, 2015
 
Millions
 
Net amount of assets reflected in Balance Sheet
 
Collateral provided to counter-party - Cash
 
Collateral provided to counter-party - Financial Instruments
 
Net amount of exposure after effect of collateral provided
 
Excess collateral provided to counter-party- Cash
 
Excess collateral provided - Financial Instruments
 
Counter-party collateral held by WMLife Re- Cash
 
Net amount of exposure to counter-party
 
Standard
& Poor's
Rating(1)
Bank of America
 
$
.7

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
.7

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
.7

 
A
 
JP Morgan
 
8.5

 
—

 
—

 
8.5

 
—

 
—

 
5.5

 
3.0

 
A
+
Citigroup - OTC
 
9.9

 
—

 
—

 
9.9

 
—

 
—

 
1.4

 
8.5

 
A
 
Citigroup -
   Exchange Traded
 
1.0

 
—

 
—

 
1.0

 
5.8

 
—

 
—

 
6.8

 
A
 
   Total
 
$
20.1

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
20.1

 
$
5.8

 
$
—

 
$
6.9

 
$
19.0

 
 
 
(1) Standard & Poor’s ratings as detailed above are: “A+” (Strong, which is the fifth highest of twenty-three creditworthiness ratings), “A” (Strong, which is the sixth highest of twenty-three creditworthiness ratings), “A-” (Strong, which is the seventh highest of twenty-three creditworthiness ratings) and
“BBB+” (Adequate, which is the eighth highest of twenty-three creditworthiness ratings).