5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests if indicators of potential impairment exist. The date of our annual impairment test is October 1. A change in our reportable segments, more fully described herein in Note 1, resulted in a change in the composition of our reporting units, which is the unit of accounting for goodwill. Accordingly, we reallocated goodwill between our reporting units using the relative fair value approach. A summary of changes to goodwill is as follows:

					Education
					and
	Residential		ResCare		Training		Workforce		Pharmacy
	Services		HomeCare		Services		Services		Services		Total

Balance at December 31, 2011	$	152,459	$	63,171	$	15,311	$	32,720	$	4,036	$	267,697
Goodwill added through acquisition	15,936		3,163		—		—		290		19,389
Other	1,179		—		—		—				1,179
Balance at December 31, 2012	169,574		66,334		15,311		32,720		4,326		288,265
Goodwill added through acquisition	12,864		7,213		—		—		—		20,077
Other	8		—		—		—		—		8
Balance at December 31, 2013	$	182,446	$	73,547	$	15,311	$	32,720	4,326		$	308,350

For our October 1, 2013 annual impairment test, all reporting units passed Step One. The ResCare HomeCare reporting unit passed Step One with a fair value that exceeded its carrying value by a 7 percent margin. Inability to meet projected results utilized in the annual impairment test could lead to a potential impairment in the future.

Intangible assets are as follows:

	December 31, 2013				December 31, 2012
			Accumulated				Accumulated		Life
	Gross		Amortization		Gross		Amortization		(Years)

Licenses	$	226,955	$	—	$	226,706	$	—	Indefinite
Trade names	63,933		10,272		63,060		6,824		5-20
Customer relationships	57,296		7,993		40,479		4,855		15-20
Covenants not to compete	5,747		2,420		4,069		1,831		2-5
Other intangible assets	751		384		748		259		5-20
	$	354,682	$	21,069	$	335,062	$	13,769

Amortization expense on the intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 was approximately $7.3 million, $6.7 million and $6.2 million, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense for the next five years is as follows:

Year Ending December 31:

2014	$	8,989
2015	8,633
2016	8,175
2017	7,566
2018	6,933