0000950152-01-505311.txt : 20011101 0000950152-01-505311.hdr.sgml : 20011101 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000950152-01-505311 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 8-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 6 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20011030 ITEM INFORMATION: Other events ITEM INFORMATION: Financial statements and exhibits ITEM INFORMATION: FILED AS OF DATE: 20011031 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: RES CARE INC /KY/ CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000776325 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: SERVICES-NURSING & PERSONAL CARE FACILITIES [8050] IRS NUMBER: 610875371 STATE OF INCORPORATION: KY FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 8-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-20372 FILM NUMBER: 1771187 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 10140 LINN STATION RD CITY: LOUISVILLE STATE: KY ZIP: 40223 BUSINESS PHONE: 5023942100 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 10140 LINN STATION RD CITY: LOUISVILLE STATE: KY ZIP: 40223 8-K 1 l91085ae8-k.txt RES-CARE, INC. FORM 8-K SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 --------- FORM 8-K CURRENT REPORT Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): October 30, 2001 RES-CARE, INC. (Exact Name of Registrant as specified in Charter) Kentucky 0-20372 61-0875371 (State or other (Commission (IRS Employer jurisdiction of File Number) Identification No.) incorporation) 10140 Linn Station Road, Louisville, Kentucky 40223 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code) (502) 394-2100 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) N/A (Former name or former address, if changed since last report.) INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED IN THE REPORT Items 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 are not applicable and are omitted from this Report. Item 5. Other Events The Registrant expects to enter into a new revolving credit facility, which would replace its existing revolving credit facility. Reference is made to Exhibits 99.1, 99.2, 99.4 and 99.5 attached hereto. The information contained in Exhibits 99.1, 99.2 and 99.4 is qualified by, and should be read in conjunction with, the information contained in Exhibit 99.5. The Registrant undertakes no obligation to update this information, including any forward-looking statements, to reflect subsequently occurring events or circumstances. Item 7. Financial Statements, Pro Forma Financial Information and Exhibits (a) Exhibits 99.1 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Registrant. 99.2 Business of Registrant. 99.3 Certain Information that may be Disclosed to Prospective Investors in a Private Placement.* 99.4 Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements of Registrant. 99.5 Risk Factors Affecting Registrant. ------ * Furnished pursuant to Regulation FD and not filed pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Item 9. Regulation FD Disclosure. The Registrant intends to raise approximately $150 million through a private placement of Senior Notes due 2008. Proceeds from the offering will be used to repay certain indebtedness of the Registrant and for general corporate purposes. The notes have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933 or any state securities laws and may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or -2- an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and applicable state securities laws. This current report on Form 8-K does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy the Notes. The information filed under this Item 9 and Exhibit 99.3 is being furnished pursuant to Regulation FD and not filed pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. None of this information may be incorporated by reference into any other filings the Registrant has made or may make pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or into any other documents unless such portion of this Current Report on Form 8-K is expressly and specifically identified in such filing as being incorporated by reference therein. In addition, the furnishing of the information in this Report and in the attached Exhibit 99.3 is not intended to, and does not, constitute a determination or admission that the information is material, or that you should consider this information before making an investment decision with respect to any security of the Registrant. The information contained in Exhibit 99.3 is qualified by, and should be read in conjunction with, the information contained in Exhibits 99.4 and 99.5. The Registrant undertakes no obligation to update this information, including any forward-looking statements, to reflect subsequently occurring events or circumstances. SIGNATURE Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized. RES-CARE, INC. Date: October 31, 2001 By /s/ Ronald G. Geary -------------------------------- Ronald G. Geary Chairman, CEO and President -3- EX-99.1 3 l91085aex99-1.txt EXHIBIT 99.1 Exhibit 99.1 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our prior periodic reports. In addition, see Exhibit 99.4. OVERVIEW We receive revenues primarily from the delivery of residential, training, educational and support services to populations with special needs. We have two reportable operating segments: (i) disabilities services and (ii) youth services. Management's discussion and analysis of each segment follows. Further information regarding each of these segments, including the required disclosure of certain segment financial information, is included in our prior periodic reports. Revenues for our disabilities services operations are derived primarily from state government agencies under the Medicaid reimbursement system and from management contracts with private operators, generally not-for-profit providers, who contract with state government agencies and are also reimbursed under the Medicaid system. We also provide respite, therapeutic and other services on an as-needed or hourly basis through our periodic/in-home services programs that are reimbursed on a unit-of-service basis. Reimbursement methods vary by state, and service type, and have historically been based on a flat rate or cost-based reimbursement system on a per person, per diem or per unit-of-service basis. Generally, rates are adjusted annually based primarily upon historical costs experienced by us and by other service providers, and on inflation. At facilities and programs where we are the provider of record, we are directly reimbursed under state Medicaid programs for services we provide and such reimbursement is affected by occupancy levels. At most facilities and programs that we operate pursuant to management contracts, the management fee is negotiated based upon the reimbursement amount expected to be earned by the provider of record, which is affected by occupancy levels. Under certain management contracts, we are paid a fixed fee regardless of occupancy levels. We operate 15 vocational training centers under the federal Job Corps program administered by the DOL. Under the Job Corps program, we are reimbursed for direct costs related to Job Corps center operations and allowable indirect costs for general and administrative expenses, plus a prenegotiated management fee, normally a fixed percentage of facility and program expenses. All of such amounts are reflected as revenue, and all such direct costs are reflected as facility and program expenses. Final determination of amounts due under Job Corps contracts is subject to audit and review by the DOL, and renewals and extension of Job Corps contracts are based in part on performance reviews. In 1996, we began operating other programs for at-risk and troubled youths. Most of the youth services programs are funded directly by federal, state and local government agencies, including school systems. Under these contracts, we are typically reimbursed based on fixed contract amounts, flat rates or cost-based rates. Expenses incurred under federal, state and local government agency contracts for disabilities services and youth services, as well as management contracts with providers of record for such agencies, are subject to examination by agencies administering the contracts and services. Our revenues and net income may fluctuate from quarter-to-quarter, in part because annual Medicaid rate adjustments may be announced by the various states inconsistently and are usually retroactive to the beginning of the particular state's fiscal reporting period. We expect that future adjustments in reimbursement rates in most states will consist primarily of cost-of-living adjustments, adjustments based upon reported historical costs of operations, or other negotiated increases. However, in some cases states have revised their rate-setting methodologies, which has resulted in rate decreases as well as rate increases. Current initiatives at the federal or state level may materially change the Medicaid system as it now exists. Retroactively calculated contractual adjustments are estimated and accrued in the periods the related 1 services are rendered and recorded as adjustments in future periods as final adjustments are received. Because the cumulative effect of rate adjustments may differ from previously estimated amounts, net income as a percentage of revenues for a period in which an adjustment occurs may not be indicative of expected results in succeeding periods. Future revenues may be affected by changes in rate-setting structures, methodologies or interpretations that may be proposed or are under consideration in states where we operate. Also, some states have considered initiating managed care plans for persons currently in Medicaid programs. At this time, we cannot determine the impact of such changes, or the effect of various federal initiatives that have been proposed. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2001 AND 2000 For the six months ended June 30, 2001, revenues were $440.8 million, a 3.9% increase over the same period for 2000. This represents a continuation of the lower growth rates experienced beginning in the second half of 2000 and a significantly lower growth rate than in recent years as we have shifted our focus from acquisition-related growth to internally generated growth as well as infrastructure enhancements. For the six months ended June 30, 2001 and 2000, EBITDAR, or earnings before net interest expense, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, facility rent and special charges, was $41.5 million and $51.7 million, respectively. For the same periods, EBITDA, or earnings before net interest expense, income taxes, depreciation, amortization and special charges, was $27.2 million and $39.0 million, respectively. Operating results for the first half of 2001 as compared to the same period of 2000 reflect increased costs from a highly competitive labor market. We are continuing several initiatives to manage these labor cost increases, including enhanced recruitment and retention programs in order to reduce the need for overtime and temporary staffing, evaluating and monitoring staff patterns and negotiating improved reimbursement rates from certain states. As a result of our initiatives, the second quarter of 2001 reflects improvements in labor costs as a percent of revenue as compared to the fourth quarter of 2000 and the first quarter of 2001. Additionally, results for the first six months of 2001 were negatively impacted by increased energy and insurance costs. As a result of decreasing availability of coverage at historical rates, we entered into certain new insurance programs in December 2000 providing for significantly higher self- insured retention limits and higher deductibles, resulting in higher estimated costs for our business insurance programs in 2001 compared to 2000. The consolidated results for the first six months of 2001 were negatively impacted by certain special charges. Operating income for the first quarter of 2001 included a charge of $1.6 million related to the write-off of certain assets and costs associated with the cessation of certain operations in Tennessee, and the write-off of $134,000 in deferred debt issuance costs resulting from the amended and restated credit agreement. As a percentage of total revenues, corporate general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2001, were 3.5%. For the same period in 2000, these expenses were 3.2% of total revenues. This relative increase was due primarily to expanding the management infrastructure during 2001 and the effect of rent expense resulting from the sale and leaseback of the corporate office building in December 2000. The change in management structure includes the addition of the positions of executive vice president and of vice president and chief financial officer of the division for persons with disabilities. Net interest expense decreased to $9.8 million in the first half of 2001 compared to $11.0 million for the same period in 2000. This decrease resulted primarily from reduced utilization of the existing credit facility and the reduction in indebtedness under that facility paid with proceeds from the sale and leaseback transactions completed during the second quarter of 2001 and December 2000. The effective income tax rates were 43.5% and 41.5% for the first half of 2001 and 2000, respectively. The higher estimated annual rate of 43.5% used in 2001 is a result of a fixed level of nondeductible goodwill amortization combined with lower projected profitability in 2001 as compared to 2000. 2 During the second quarter of 2001, we entered into various transactions for the sale of certain real properties in which we conduct operations. Proceeds from the sales were approximately $19.7 million in the second quarter and were used to reduce indebtedness under our existing credit facility. The assets are being leased back from the purchasers over terms ranging from five years to 15 years. The leases are being accounted for as operating leases and contain certain renewal options at lease termination and purchase options at amounts approximating fair value. The transactions resulted in gains of approximately $3.0 million which will be amortized over their lease terms. Disabilities Services Results for the disabilities services segment for the six months ended June 30, 2001, as compared to the same period in 2000 were significantly impacted by the slowed growth and labor cost pressures described above. Revenues increased by 2.8% to $343.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2001 compared to the same periods in 2000, due primarily to rate adjustments and the expansion of existing programs. Segment profit as a percentage of revenue for the first six months of 2001 declined to 7.4% compared to 10.0% for the same period in 2000. EBITDAR totaled $46.0 million for the first half of 2001 compared to $53.3 million for the same period in 2000, before general corporate expenses. As discussed above, competitive labor market conditions have resulted in higher labor costs and reduced margins and EBITDAR. Labor cost as a percentage of segment revenue for 2001 as compared to 2000 have increased to 62.8% from 61.2% for the six month periods. Higher utility and insurance costs also negatively impacted the segment's profitability for the period. For the six month periods, utilities increased approximately $849,000, while insurance costs increased approximately $3.5 million. Youth Services Youth services revenues increased by 7.8% to $97.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2001, compared to the same period in 2000, primarily from increased student levels at the Treasure Island Job Corps Center in California, offset somewhat by reduced census at the Youthtrack operation in Colorado. For the six months ended June 30, segment profit as a percentage of revenues declined from 10.7% in 2000 to 8.3% in 2001. EBITDAR totaled $10.5 million for the first half of 2001 compared to $11.8 million for the same period in 2000, before general corporate expenses. These decreases were due primarily to reduced census and higher labor, utility and insurance costs as a percentage of segment revenues. YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2000, 1999 AND 1998 Revenues for 2000 increased to a record $865.8 million, or 5.0% over 1999. This represents, however, a significantly lower growth rate than in recent years as we have shifted our focus from acquisition-related growth to internally-generated growth. Revenues grew 17.3% in 1999 over 1998 primarily due to revenues generated from operations that we added in 1998. EBITDAR for 2000, 1999 and 1998 was $99.0 million, $106.0 million and $92.7 million, respectively. EBITDA for 2000, 1999 and 1998 was $73.8 million, $80.2 million and $70.9 million, respectively. Our operating results for 2000 reflect increased costs from a highly competitive labor market. We are continuing several initiatives to manage these labor cost increases, including improved recruitment and retention programs, evaluating and monitoring staff patterns and negotiating improved reimbursement rates from certain states. The consolidated results for 2000 were also negatively impacted by certain special charges. Operating income for 2000 included a charge of $1.8 million related to the write-off of costs associated with the terminated management-led buyout and a charge of $1.7 million related to our 2000 restructuring plan, which we implemented in the third quarter of 2000. Operating results of each segment are discussed below. Operating results for 1999 were negatively impacted by an additional provision for doubtful accounts of $8.0 million. We are continuing the process of implementing a new comprehensive accounts receivable system. As a result, improvements in monitoring and collection of accounts receivable have been realized during 2000, and management expects continued improvement throughout 2001. Also in 1999, we recorded 3 a charge of approximately $2.5 million as a result of higher claims incurred as we transitioned to a new employee medical plan with a fixed level of self-insurance exposure. Contribution margins have been negatively impacted by the increased insurance costs described above. The increase in insurance costs is an industry-wide issue affecting long-term care providers. These cost increases, however, are expected to be offset by benefits from the restructuring plan implemented in 2000, efforts to control labor costs and initiatives seeking improved rates from various states. As a percentage of total revenues, corporate general and administrative expenses were 3.2%, 3.4% and 3.9% in 2000, 1999 and 1998, respectively. Savings achieved from the 2000 restructuring plan contributed to the decrease in 2000 while the decrease in 1999 primarily reflected savings resulting from the PeopleServe merger. In connection with the merger with PeopleServe, we recorded a pretax merger-related charge of $20.5 million in 1999. This consisted primarily of $7.3 million in severance and employee-related costs (principally related to the elimination of PeopleServe's corporate offices and various other administrative costs), $2.8 million in lease termination costs, $3.0 million in information system conversion and integration costs and $4.5 million in transaction costs, including investment banking, legal, accounting and other professional fees and transaction costs. Through December 31, 2000, approximately $20.1 million of the charge had been utilized through $15.1 million in cash payments (principally severance and transaction costs), $4.7 million in asset write-downs (relating principally to the discontinued PeopleServe information systems) and $300,000 in adjustments to the reserve in 2000 resulting from revised estimates of costs associated with the closure of duplicate facilities. We believe the remaining balance of accrued merger-related costs of $400,000 at December 31, 2000, reflects our remaining cash obligations. Interest expense increased $3.5 million in 2000 compared to 1999 and $4.4 million in 1999 compared to 1998. These increases resulted from increased utilization of the existing credit facility primarily for working capital and, to some extent, higher interest rates. Our effective income tax rates were 42.9%, 51.0% and 40.3% in 2000, 1999 and 1998, respectively. The higher effective rate in 1999 is attributable to nondeductible amortization of goodwill recorded in the PeopleServe merger and nondeductible portions of the merger-related charge. The rate for 2000 was negatively impacted by reduced earnings combined with a fixed level of nondeductible goodwill amortization, offset to an extent by increased estimated jobs tax credits. Disabilities Services The disabilities services segment was the most significantly impacted by the slowed growth and labor cost pressures described above. Disabilities services revenues increased by 4.0% in 2000 compared to a 14.7% increase in 1999 over 1998. Revenues increased in 2000 due primarily to rate adjustments and the expansion of existing programs while acquisition growth primarily fueled the increase in 1999. Segment profit as a percentage of revenue declined to 9.4% in 2000 compared to 10.8% in 1999 and 11.7% in 1998. EBITDAR for this segment, before general corporate expenses totaled $103.9 million in 2000, $111.7 million in 1999 and $101.3 million in 1998. As discussed above, tight labor market conditions have resulted in higher labor costs and reduced margins. Labor costs as a percentage of segment revenues, were approximately 61.5%, 60.0% and 57.8% in 2000, 1999 and 1998, respectively. During 1999, results for the disabilities division were negatively affected by the additional allowance for doubtful accounts of $8.0 million ($0.19 per share after tax) described above. Also during 1999, operating results for the disabilities services division were negatively affected by an incremental charge of approximately $2.3 million related to the transition to a new employee medical plan. Youth Services Youth services revenues increased by 9.0% in 2000 over 1999 and 28.5% in 1999 over 1998, resulting primarily from the addition of the Treasure Island Job Corps Center in early 1999, increased occupancy at our AYS operations, and a full year of operations for a Youthtrack program acquired in the fourth quarter 4 of 1998. Segment profit as a percentage of revenues declined to 9.9% in 2000 compared to 10.4% in 1999, while 1999 margins decreased from 11.1% in 1998 due principally to increased costs associated with the start-up of the Treasure Island Job Corps Center and higher labor costs. EBITDAR for this segment, before general corporate expenses totaled $22.9 million in 2000, $21.7 million in 1999, and $18.2 million in 1998. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES HISTORICAL For the first half of 2001, cash used in operating activities was $5.3 million compared to cash provided of $304,000 for the same period of 2000. This decrease was primarily related to an increase in accounts receivable in certain states in which we are deploying our new comprehensive billing system coupled with decreases in accrued expenses for certain required payments. This was offset to some extent by an increase in trade payables. For the first half of 2001, cash provided by investing activities was $18.5 million compared to cash used of $14.8 million in the same period of 2000. This shift in cash flows from investing activities is primarily due to the acquisition of formerly leased homes in 2000 versus the sale and leaseback of certain properties during 2001. For the first half of 2001, cash used in financing activities was $38.4 million compared to cash provided of $17.4 million in the same period of 2000. The first half of 2000 included borrowings for the acquisition of formerly leased homes, while 2001 reflects the repayment of debt with cash provided primarily from proceeds from the sale and leaseback transactions in December 2000 and during 2001. At June 30, 2001, we had $21.2 million available under our existing credit facility and $8.3 million in cash and cash equivalents. As of that date, we had borrowings under our existing credit facility of approximately $93.7 million and outstanding irrevocable standby letters-of-credit of approximately $25.3 million, for a total of $119.0 million. Of this amount, $60.2 million represented term indebtedness which require quarterly installments totaling $7.5 million for the remainder of 2001, and $17.0 million in 2002. Standby letters of credit and borrowings totaling $58.8 million were drawn against an $80.0 million revolving credit facility as of June 30, 2001. The letters of credit were issued in connection with workers' compensation insurance and certain facility leases. The existing credit facility matures in January 2003. As of June 30, 2001, we were in compliance with all financial covenants related to the existing credit facility. Days revenue in accounts receivable were 64 days at June 30, 2001, compared to 59 days at December 31, 2000. Accounts receivable were $155.6 million and $142.8 million at June 30, 2001 and December 31, 2000, respectively. The increase in days is attributable primarily to slower collections on certain accounts receivable from the DOL and a temporary slowing of collections while deploying our new accounts receivable system at certain operations. We continue to expand implementation of our comprehensive accounts receivable system to operations in various states, which is expected to facilitate improvements in collections. As of June 30, 2001, approximately 60% of our operations were utilizing the new system, with the remainder of the targeted operations expected to be completed by the end of 2001. Our capital requirements relate primarily to the working capital needed for general corporate purposes and our plans to expand through the development of new facilities and programs. We have historically satisfied our working capital requirements, capital expenditures and scheduled debt payments from our operating cash flow and utilization of our existing credit facility. Cash requirements for the acquisition of new business operations have generally been funded through a combination of these sources, as well as the issuance of long-term obligations and common stock. AFTER THE OFFERING In connection with the offering of Senior notes due 2008, we will incur substantial amounts of debt. Assuming that the offering had occurred on June 30, 2001, we would have had total debt of $276.2 million (not including unused commitments) and shareholders' equity of $182.7 million. Subject to restrictions in 5 our new credit facility and the indenture governing the notes, we may incur more debt for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other purposes. On September 10, 2001, we entered into a commitment letter with National City Bank to provide us with an $80 million revolving credit facility (including a $50 million letter of credit sublimit). The new credit facility will expire on September 30, 2004 and bears interest equal to the greater of (i) the administrative agent's base rate from time to time in effect plus the applicable base rate margin in effect as such time or (ii) the applicable federal funds rates plus 1/2%, such margin to be determined from time to time in accordance with a pricing grid based on our leverage ratio. We expect the average interest rate for 2001 under the new agreement to approximate 6.4%. Borrowings under the new credit agreement will be secured by some of our assets, including accounts receivable, inventory, certain owned real property and equipment, other intangible assets and stock in subsidiaries. The new facility also contains various financial covenants relating to indebtedness, capital expenditures, acquisitions and dividends and requires us to maintain specified ratios with respect to total net funded debt to EBITDA, EBITDA to interest expense and cash flow from operations. Our ability to achieve the thresholds provided for in the financial covenants will largely depend upon our maintenance of continued profitability and/or reductions of amounts borrowed under the new credit facility. We believe that the cash generated from operations, together with amounts under the new credit facility, will be sufficient to meet our working capital, capital expenditure and other cash needs for the next twelve months. We cannot assure you, however, that this will be the case. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK Although we are exposed to changes in interest rates as a result of our outstanding variable rate debt, we do not currently use any derivative financial instruments related to our interest rate exposure. At June 30, 2001, and December 31, 2000, a hypothetical 100 basis point change in interest rates on the average balance of the outstanding variable rate debt would have resulted in a change of approximately $1.0 million and $1.3 million, respectively, in annual income before income taxes. The estimated impact assumes no changes in the volume or composition of debt related to this offering. We believe that our exposure to market risk will not result in a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. IMPACT OF RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS In July 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 141, Business Combinations, and SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. SFAS 141 requires that the purchase method of accounting be used for all business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001 as well as all purchase method business combinations completed after June 30, 2001. SFAS 142 will require that goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives no longer be amortized, but instead be tested for impairment at least annually in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 142. We must adopt the provisions of SFAS 141 immediately, and the provisions of SFAS 142 effective January 1, 2002. As of the date of adoption, we expect to have unamortized goodwill in the amount of approximately $209.0 million, which will be subject to the transition provisions of SFAS 141 and SFAS 142. Amortization expense related to goodwill was approximately $8.0 million and $4.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2000 and the six months ended June 30, 2001, respectively. Because of the extensive effort needed to comply with adopting the new rules and in anticipation of final implementation guidance, it is not practicable to reasonably estimate the impact of adopting these statements on our financial statements at the date of this report, including whether any transitional impairment losses will be required to be recognized as the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle. In August 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations. SFAS 143 will require entities to record the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the period in which it is incurred. When the liability is initially recorded, we are required to capitalize the 6 cost by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. Over time, the liability is accreted to its present value each period, and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. SFAS 143 is effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2002, and we will adopt it effective January 1, 2003. We have not yet determined the impact SFAS 143 will have on our results of operations or financial condition. 7 EX-99.2 4 l91085aex99-2.txt EXHIBIT 99.2 Exhibit 99.2 BUSINESS GENERAL Founded in 1974, we are the nation's largest private provider of residential, training, educational and support services to populations with special needs, including persons with developmental and other disabilities and at-risk and troubled youths. At June 30, 2001, we provided services to approximately 26,500 persons with special needs in 32 states, Washington, D.C., Canada and Puerto Rico. We believe that we provide high quality services on a more cost effective basis than traditional state-run programs. We are a leading provider of services for special needs populations because of our proven programs, operating procedures, financial resources, economies of scale and experience working with special needs populations and governmental agencies. We have two reportable operating segments: DPD and DYS. For the twelve months ended June 30, 2001, we derived approximately 83% of our total revenue directly from state programs or agencies and approximately 15% directly from the DOL and the U.S. Department of the Interior. INDUSTRY OVERVIEW The markets for services for special needs populations in the United States are large, growing, highly fragmented and backed by powerful advocacy groups. Providing services for special needs populations that we serve constitutes a $65.6 billion market, of which $25.6 billion is funding for mental retardation or other developmental disabilities, or MR/DD, services according to the State of the States Report, and approximately $40.0 billion is funding for youth services according to data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the National Association of State Budget Officers. We believe that we are well positioned to benefit from favorable demographics and positive current industry trends. We expect our industry to experience strong growth rates due to the following: - Pressure to Reduce Waiting Lists: The Arc, a national organization and advocacy group for persons with MR/DD, estimated that in 1997 individuals with MR/DD on waiting lists for placements in one or more residential, day/vocational or other community-based service programs were seeking approximately 218,000 placements. Many states have received court orders requiring them to address long waiting lists. As a result, many states are allocating incremental funding to provide for group home placements or for new programs like periodic/in-home services. - Increased Medicaid Funding: MR/DD services are funded mainly by state Medicaid programs, for which funding has increased at an inflation-adjusted average annual rate of approximately 11% over the last two decades, according to the State of the States Report. By the end of 2001, we expect reimbursement rates in the states in which we provide MR/DD services to have increased at an average annualized rate of approximately 3%. - Privatization Trend: State and local government agencies have historically provided MR/DD and youth services. However, in recent years, there has been a trend throughout the United States toward privatization of service delivery functions for special needs populations as governments at all levels face continuing pressure to control costs and improve the quality of programs. For example, the State of the States Report indicates that the percentage of individuals with MR/DD receiving residential services in state-run institutions declined from approximately 51.5% in 1977 to approximately 12.7% in 1998. - Strong Potential Demand for Services for Persons with Disabilities: Estimates of the number of individuals in the United States with some form of MR/DD range from 3.2 million, according to the State of the States Report, to 7.5 million, according to The Arc. However, the State of the States Report estimates that only approximately 416,000 persons with MR/DD live in staffed facilities or supported-living settings. The report estimates that approximately 1.9 million persons with MR/DD live with family caregivers, and 25% of these family caregivers are parents aged 60 or 1 older. When family caregivers are no longer capable of providing for their dependents with MR/ DD, states must provide these services for them. - Vocal Advocacy Groups: The rise of advocacy groups, often led by the parents or guardians of individuals with MR/DD along with social workers and civil rights lawyers, has resulted in long-term trends toward an increasing emphasis on training and education as well as an increase in community-based settings for residential services, all designed to promote a higher quality of life and greater independence. - Legislation and Litigation Promoting Increased Community-Based Living: In June 1999, the U.S. Supreme Court, in Olmstead v. L.C., held that states must provide individuals with MR/DD the choice to be placed in community-based settings when deemed appropriate by medical professionals and placement can be reasonably completed within state budgets. We believe that this ruling will accelerate the transfer of the nation's approximately 45,000 people currently residing in state institutional facilities to community-based settings. - Expanding Job Corps Program: The federal Job Corps program, which is currently funded at $1.5 billion per year, has grown significantly since its inception in 1964. The program provides training for approximately 70,000 students each year at 119 centers throughout the United States and Puerto Rico and is projected by the DOL to increase to 123 centers over the next two years. In addition, federal funding for this program has never been reduced since its inception. The U.S. Bureau of the Census forecasts that the juvenile population will grow by 8% between 1995 and 2015. The U.S. Bureau of the Census estimates that 20% of the approximately 70 million children under the age of 18 in the United States currently live in households under the poverty level. BUSINESS SEGMENTS DISABILITIES SERVICES We are the nation's largest private provider of services for individuals with MR/DD. At June 30, 2001, we served more than 17,000 individuals in 29 states, Washington, D.C., and Canada. We provide our services mainly in community-based group homes and, to a lesser extent, in other facilities run by us and in the homes of individuals with MR/DD. At June 30, 2001, approximately 94% of our disabilities services clients resided in community settings, either in our group homes or in their own or their family homes. As of that date, we served approximately 4,800 clients in their family homes. Because most of our clients with MR/DD require services over their entire lives and many states have extensive waiting lists of people requiring services, we have consistently experienced occupancy rates of at least 97% since 1996. We base our programs predominantly on individual habilitation plans designed to encourage greater independence and development of daily living skills through individualized support and training. We design these programs to offer individuals specialized support not generally available in larger state institutions and traditional long-term care facilities such as nursing homes. We also provide respite, therapeutic and other services on an as-needed or hourly basis through our periodic/in-home services programs. In each of our programs, services are administered by our employees and contractors, such as qualified mental retardation professionals, or QMRPs, service coordinators, physicians, psychologists, therapists, social workers and other direct service staff. We staff our group homes and other facilities 24 hours a day, seven days per week and provide social, functional and vocational skills training, supported employment and emotional and psychological counseling or therapy as needed for each individual. We also provide these services through our periodic/in-home services program. Social Skills Training Our social skills training focuses on problem solving, anger management and adaptive skills to allow individuals with disabilities to interact with others in the residential setting and in the community. We emphasize contact with the community at large as appropriate for each individual. The desired outcome is to enable each individual to participate in home, family and community life as fully as possible. 2 Many individuals with developmental and other disabilities require behavioral intervention services. We provide these services through psychiatrists, psychologists and behavioral specialists, some of whom serve as consultants on a contract basis. All of our operations utilize a non-aversive approach to behavior management that we have pioneered and which is designed to avoid consequences involving punishment or extreme restrictions on individual rights. Behavior management techniques are employed by an interdisciplinary team and direct service staff rather than through psychotropic medications. Although we try to minimize the use of medications whenever possible, it is occasionally necessary to use them. We administer medication in strict compliance with federal and state regulations, and any medication is paid directly by Medicaid or other third-parties. Functional Skills Training Our functional skills training program encourages mastery of personal skills and the achievement of greater independence. As needed, individual habilitation plans may focus on basic skills training in such areas as personal hygiene and dressing, as well as more complex activities such as shopping and the use of public transportation. We encourage individuals to participate in daily activities such as housekeeping and meal preparation. We design individual habilitation plans to recognize and build upon each individual's ability. Vocational Skills Training and Day Programs We provide extensive vocational training or specialized day programs for most individuals we serve. Some individuals are able to be placed in community-based jobs, either independently or with job coaches, or may participate as part of a work team contracted for a specific service such as cleaning, sorting or maintenance. Clients not working in the community may be served through vocational workshops or day programs appropriate for their needs. We often contract with third parties to provide these services. Our philosophy is to enable all persons served to perform productive work in the community or otherwise develop vocational skills based on their individual abilities. Clients participating in specialized day programs may be older or have physical or health restrictions that prevent them from being employed or participating in vocational programs. Specialized day programs may include further training in daily living skills, community integration or specialized recreation activities. Counseling and Therapy Programs Our counseling and therapy programs address the physical, emotional and behavioral challenges of individuals with MR/DD or acquired brain injury, or ABI. Our goals include the development of enhanced physical agility and ambulation, acquisition of adaptive skills for both personal care and work, as well as the development of coping skills and the use of alternative, responsible, and socially acceptable interpersonal behaviors. Individualized counseling programs may include group and individual therapies. We provide occupational and physical therapies and therapeutic recreation based on the assessed needs of the individual. At each of our operations, we provide comprehensive individualized support and training programs that encourage greater independence and the development of personal and vocational skills commensurate with the particular individual's capabilities. As the individual progresses, we create new programs to encourage greater independence, self-respect and the development of additional personal or vocational skills. YOUTH SERVICES Our youth services division is comprised of the Job Corps program and other youth services programs, each under the direction of a vice-president. Programs in our youth services division include a variety of educational and vocational training programs and comprehensive programs for behavior change, including individual, group and family counseling, and training in social and independent living skills. These programs emphasize self-esteem, academic achievement, empathy development, critical thinking and 3 problem solving, anger management and coping strategies, substance abuse treatment and relapse prevention. Job Corps Program We are the nation's second largest operator of Job Corps centers with 15 centers serving approximately 6,900 students, or about 15.3% of total Job Corps enrollees as of June 30, 2001. Since 1976, we have been operating programs for disadvantaged youths through the federal Job Corps program, which provides for the educational and vocational skills training, health care, employment counseling and other support necessary to enable disadvantaged youths to become responsible working adults. The Job Corps program, which is funded and administered by the DOL, is designed to address the severe unemployment problem faced by disadvantaged youths throughout the country. The typical Job Corps student is a 16- to 24-year old high school dropout who reads at the seventh grade level, comes from a disadvantaged background, has not held a regular job, and was living in an environment characterized by a troubled home life or other disruptive condition. Each center offers training in several vocational areas depending upon the particular needs and job market opportunities in the region. Students are required to participate in basic education classes to improve their academic skills and to complement their vocational training. High school equivalency classes are available so that students can obtain GED certificates or, in certain circumstances, high school diplomas. Upon graduation or other departure from the program, each student is referred to the nearest Job Corps placement agency for assistance in finding a job or enrolling in a school or training program. According to Job Corps reports, more than 75% of the students completing the program have obtained jobs, joined the military or continued their education or training elsewhere. We also provide, under separate contracts with the U.S. Department of Interior or the primary operator, certain administrative, counseling, educational, vocational and other support services for several Job Corps centers we do not operate. Other Youth Services Programs We are among the nation's largest private providers of services to disadvantaged or at-risk youths, serving approximately 2,300 youths in 11 states, Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico as of June 30, 2001. In December 1995, we began a strategic initiative to expand our DYS beyond the Job Corps program and develop services that are designed to address the specific needs of at-risk and troubled youths to enable each youth to be a more productive member of the community. The youths targeted to be served through our strategic initiative range from youths who have special educational or support needs, to youths who exhibit a variety of behavioral and emotional disorders and in some instances have been diagnosed with mental retardation or other developmental disability, to pre-adjudicated and adjudicated youths who have entered the juvenile justice system. Special needs and at-risk youth programs operated through our AYS subsidiary include secure detention centers, residential treatment programs, emergency shelters, alternative schools and foster care programs. We plan to selectively expand the services provided to these youths. Programs offered for troubled youths through our Youthtrack subsidiary include secure and staff-secure detention programs, long-term treatment programs, secure transportation, day treatment programs and monitoring, and transition and after-care programs. Our programs include a variety of educational and vocational training programs and comprehensive programs for behavior change, including individual, group and family counseling and training in social and independent living skills. These programs emphasize self-esteem, academic achievement, empathy development, critical thinking and problem solving, anger management and coping strategies, substance abuse treatment and relapse prevention. We design programs to: (i) increase self-control and effective problem-solving; (ii) teach youths how to understand and consider other people's values, behaviors and feelings; (iii) show youths how to recognize the effects of their behavior on other people and why others respond to them as they do; and (iv) enable youths to develop alternative, responsible, interpersonal behaviors. Although some youths in our programs require both drug therapy and treatment for use or abuse of drugs, our goal is to minimize or eliminate the use of medication whenever possible. When appropriate, medication is prescribed by independent physicians and may be administered by our personnel 4 in accordance with applicable federal and state regulations. We believe that the breadth of our services and our history of working with youths make us attractive to local, state and federal governmental agencies. OPERATIONS DISABILITIES SERVICES Our DPD operations are organized under six geographic regions for MR/DD services, along with separate business units for periodic services and ABI operations. In general, each cluster of group homes, supported living program or larger facility is overseen by an administrator. In addition, a program manager supervises a comprehensive team of professionals and community-based consultants who participate in the design and implementation of individualized programs for each individual served. QMRPs work with direct service staff and professionals involved in the programs to ensure that quality standards are met and that progress towards each individual's goals and objectives is monitored and outcomes are achieved. Individual habilitation plans are reviewed and modified by the team as needed. These operations utilize community advisory boards and consumer satisfaction surveys to solicit input from professionals, family members and advocates, as well as from the neighboring community, on how to continue to improve service delivery and increase involvement with the neighborhood or community. Our direct service staff has the most frequent contact with, and generally is recruited from, the community in which the facility or program is located. We screen these staff members to meet certain qualification requirements, and they receive orientation, training and continuing education. The provision of disabilities services is subject to complex and substantial state and federal regulation, and we strive to ensure that our internal controls and reporting systems comply with Medicaid reimbursement and other program requirements, policies and guidelines. We design and implement programs, often in coordination with appropriate state agencies, in order to assist the state in meeting its objectives and to facilitate the efficient delivery of quality services. We devote management and personnel resources to keeping abreast of new laws, regulations and policy directives affecting the quality and reimbursement of the services we provide. In addition, we believe we have developed expertise in accurately monitoring eligibility for Medicaid and other benefits and in processing reimbursement claims. We have developed a model of ongoing program evaluation and quality management which we believe provides critical feedback to measure the quality of our various operations. Each operation conducts its own quality assurance program, the Best in Class 2000 performance management system. We review Best in Class 2000 performance results on an on-going basis. Management and operational goals and objectives are established for each facility and program as part of an annual budget and strategic planning process. A weekly statistical reporting system and quarterly statement of progress provide management with relevant and timely information on the operations of each facility. Survey results from governmental agencies for each operation are recorded in a database and summary reports are reviewed by senior management. We believe the Best in Class 2000 system is a vital management tool to evaluate the quality of our programs and has been useful as a marketing tool to promote our programs because it provides more meaningful information than is usually provided by routine monitoring by governmental agencies. All disabilities services senior staff participate in a performance-based management system that evaluates individual performance based on critical job function outcomes. Additionally, we demonstrate our commitment to the professional development of our employees by offering classes and training programs, as well as tuition reimbursement benefits. YOUTH SERVICES Job Corps Program We operate our Job Corps centers under contract with the DOL, which provides the facilities and equipment. We are directly responsible for the management, staffing and administration of our Job Corps centers. Our typical Job Corps operation consists of a three-tiered management staff structure. The center director has the overall responsibility for day-to-day management at each facility and is assisted by several senior staff managers who typically are responsible for academics, vocational training, social skills, safety 5 and security, health services and behavior management. Managers are assisted by front line supervisors who have specific responsibilities for such areas as counseling, food services, maintenance, finance, residential life, recreation, property, purchasing, human resources and transportation. An outcome performance measurement report for each center, issued by the DOL monthly, measures two primary categories of performance: (i) education results, as measured by GED/HSD achievement and/or vocational completion and attainment of employability skills; and (ii) placement of graduates. The results from these categories are then combined into an overall performance rating. The DOL ranks centers on a 100-point scale. We review performance standards reports and act upon them as appropriate to address areas where improvement is needed. Among multiple-center operators, we are the highest ranked operator. We have won the National Job Corps Association Member of the Year award, which is given to the highest quality operator in the program, in two of the last three years. Other Youth Services Programs We design our youth programs to provide consistent, high quality and cost-effective education and treatment to address the needs of the various segments of the special needs, at-risk and troubled youth populations. We generally are responsible for the overall operation of our facilities and programs, including management, general administration, staff recruitment, security and supervision of the youths in our programs. We have assembled an experienced team of managers, counselors and staff that blends program expertise with business and financial experience. We believe that our recruitment, selection and training programs develop personnel capable of implementing our systems and procedures. Our staff includes teachers, counselors, mental health professionals, juvenile justice administrators and licensed clinicians. Our internal policies require our teachers, counselors, security and other direct service staff to complete extensive training. Core training includes courses in our major program components, such as behavior change education, positive peer culture, nonviolent crisis intervention, discipline and limit-setting, anger management and social skills training. We also require continuing education for all staff. We demonstrate our commitment to employees' professional development by offering classes and training programs, as well as tuition reimbursement benefits. We have also implemented our Best in Class 2000 system at a majority of our youth services programs. We recognize that, in the operation of programs for at-risk and troubled youths, a primary consideration is to protect the safety of the staff and youths within a facility, as well as the neighboring community. Thus, our programs emphasize security, risk assessment and close supervision by responsible and well-trained staff. FACILITIES AND PROGRAMS The following tables set forth information as of June 30, 2001 regarding our disabilities services and youth services operations, respectively: DIVISION FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
CONTRACT INITIAL OPERATION LOCATION TYPES OF PROGRAMS CAPACITY(1) IN LOCATION -------- --------------------------- ------------ ----------------- Alabama.................... Group Homes 24 1998 Arizona.................... Periodic Services, 1,255 1998 Supported Living California................. Larger Facilities, Group 965 1995 Homes Colorado................... Supported Living, Group 359 1992 Homes Delaware................... Group Homes 22 1999
6
CONTRACT INITIAL OPERATION LOCATION TYPES OF PROGRAMS CAPACITY(1) IN LOCATION -------- --------------------------- ------------ ----------------- Florida.................... Larger Facilities, Group 350 1983 Homes, ABI, Supported Living Georgia.................... Supported Living, Periodic 2,393 1997 Services, Group Homes Illinois................... Larger Facilities, ABI, 112 1995 Group Homes Indiana.................... Larger Facilities, Group 1,492 1983 Homes, Supported Living Iowa....................... ABI 9 1998 Kansas..................... Supported Living, Day 574 1995 Programs, Group Homes Kentucky................... Larger Facilities, Group 673 1978 Homes, Supported Living, Day Programs Louisiana.................. Group Homes, Supported 479 1984 Living Maryland................... Group Homes 19 1999 Missouri................... Supported Living, ABI, 456 1997 Group Homes Nebraska................... Group Homes, Supported 280 1992 Living, Day Program, Periodic Services Nevada..................... Group Homes 270 1999 New Jersey................. Supported Living, Group 138 1997 Homes New Mexico................. Supported Living, Group 252 1994 Homes North Carolina............. Periodic Services, 1,633 1997 Supported Living, Group Homes Ohio....................... Larger Facility, Group 1,108 1995 Homes, Supported Living Oklahoma................... Supported Living 211 1995 Ontario, Canada............ ABI 48 1999 Pennsylvania............... Supported Living 20 1997 South Carolina............. Periodic Services 200 1998 Tennessee.................. Group Homes 24 1993 Texas...................... Larger Facilities, Group 3,457 1993 Homes, Supported Living, Day Programs, ABI Virginia................... Supported Living 6 1999 Washington................. Supported Living 71 1998 Washington, D.C............ Group Homes 223 1999 West Virginia.............. Group Homes, Supported 564 1987 Living ------ Total...................... 17,687 ======
7 --------------- (1) Contract capacity includes, in the case of licensed facilities, the number of persons covered by the applicable license or permit, and generally in other cases, the number of persons covered by the applicable contract. Contract capacity does not include capacity for day programs. DIVISION FOR YOUTH SERVICES
CONTRACT INITIAL OPERATION LOCATION TYPES OF PROGRAMS CAPACITY(1) IN LOCATION -------- --------------------------- ----------- ----------------- Arizona.................... Job Corps (2 centers) 1,038 1997 Residential, Alternative School, Charter School California................. Job Corps 850 1999 Colorado................... Residential, 634 1996 Non-Residential, Secure, Day Treatment, Apartment Living Florida.................... Job Corps, Residential 528 1983 Georgia.................... Residential, Alternative 82 1997 School Indiana.................... Foster Care, Residential 153 1997 Kentucky................... Residential, Alternative 2,187 1996 School, Foster Care, Job Corps Maryland................... Residential 21 1997 Mississippi................ Alternative School 79 1998 New Jersey................. Job Corps 530 1995 New York................... Job Corps (2 centers) 520 1986 Ohio....................... Foster Care 55 1997 Oklahoma................... Job Corps 650 1997 Pennsylvania............... Job Corps 800 1997 Puerto Rico................ Job Corps (3 centers), 915 1990 Secure Treatment Tennessee.................. Alternative School, 132 1997 Shelter, Wilderness Program Utah....................... Residential 23 1998 Virginia................... Job Corps (2 centers) 550 1997 Washington, D.C............ Residential 45 1999 ----- Total.................... 9,792 =====
--------------- (1) Contract capacity includes, in the case of licensed facilities, the number of persons covered by the applicable license or permit, and generally in other cases, the number of persons covered by the applicable contract. CONTRACTS CONTRACTS WITH STATE AGENCIES Federal and state agencies regulate contracts for participation as a provider of services in Medicaid programs. Within a given state we generally have multiple provider contracts covering individual group homes, facilities or clusters of clients. Although the contracts have a stated term of one year and generally may be terminated without cause on 60-days notice, the contracts are typically renewed annually if we have complied with licensing, certification, program standards and other regulatory requirements. Serious deficiencies can result in delicensure or decertification actions by these agencies. As provider of record, we 8 contractually obligate ourselves to adhere to the applicable federal and state regulations regarding the provision of services, the maintenance of records and submission of claims for reimbursement under Medicaid and pertinent state medical assistance programs. Pursuant to provider agreements, we agree to accept the payment received from the government entity as payment in full for the services administered to the individuals and to provide the government entity with information regarding our owners and managers, as well as to comply with requests and audits of information pertaining to the services we render. Provider agreements can be terminated at any time for non-compliance with federal, state or local regulations. Reimbursement methods vary by state and service type and can be based on a flat-rate or cost-based reimbursement system on a per person, per diem or per unit-of-service basis. See Exhibit 99.1. State and local government entities regulate contracts for our youth services programs, excluding Job Corps. Contracts generally have one-year terms, subject to annual renewal, or cover individuals for specific terms. The contract rate is also accepted as payment in full for services rendered. MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS Management contracts with state agencies or other providers of record typically require us to manage the day-to-day operations of facilities or programs. Most of these contracts are long-term (generally two to five years in duration, with several contracts having 30-year terms) and are subject to renewal or re-negotiation provided that we meet program standards and regulatory requirements. Except in West Virginia, in which contracts cover individual homes, most management contracts cover groups of two to 16 facilities. Depending upon the state's reimbursement policies and practices, management contract fees are computed on the basis of a fixed fee per individual, which may include some form of incentive payment, a percentage of operating expenses (cost-plus contracts), a percentage of revenue or an overall fixed fee paid regardless of occupancy. Historically, our Medicaid provider contracts and management contracts have been renewed or satisfactorily renegotiated. We believe our experience in this regard is consistent with the overall experience of other operators in the disabilities services business. JOB CORPS CONTRACTS Contracts for Job Corps centers are awarded pursuant to a rigorous bid process. After successfully bidding, we operate Job Corps centers under comprehensive contracts negotiated with the DOL. Pursuant to those contracts, we are reimbursed for all facility and program costs related to Job Corps center operations and allowable indirect costs for general and administrative expenses, plus a prenegotiated management fee, which is typically a fixed percentage of facility and program expense. The contracts cover a five-year period, consisting of an initial two-year term with three one-year renewal terms exercisable at the option of the DOL. The contracts specify that the decision to exercise an option is based on an assessment of: (i) the performance of the center as compared to its budget; (ii) compliance with federal, state and local regulations; (iii) qualitative assessments of center life, education, outreach efforts and placement record; and (iv) the overall rating received by the center. Shortly prior to the expiration of the five-year contract period (or earlier if the DOL elects not to exercise a renewal term), the contract is re-bid, regardless of the operator's performance. The current operator may participate in the re-bidding process. In situations where the DOL elects not to exercise a renewal term, however, it is unlikely that the current operator will be successful in the re-bidding process. It is our experience that there is usually an inverse correlation between the performance ratings of the current operator and the number of competitors who will participate in the re-bidding process, with relatively fewer competitors expected where performance ratings are high. We operate 15 Job Corps centers under 14 separate contracts with the DOL in South Bronx and Brooklyn, New York; Miami, Florida; Edison, New Jersey; Puerto Rico (3); Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Monroe, Virginia; Guthrie, Oklahoma; Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona; Marion, Virginia; Morganfield, Kentucky and San Francisco, California. Of the five-year periods covered by our Job Corps contracts, one expires in 2001, one in 2002, two in 2003, three in 2004 and five in 2005. We intend to selectively pursue additional centers through the Request for Proposals, or RFP, process. 9 We also provide, under separate contracts with the U.S. Department of Interior or the primary operator, administrative, counseling, educational, vocational and other support services for several Job Corps centers we do not operate. MARKETING AND DEVELOPMENT We focus our marketing activities on initiating and maintaining contacts and working relationships with state and local governments and governmental agencies responsible for the provision of the types of disabilities services and youth services we offer, and identifying other providers who may consider a management contract arrangement or other relationship with us. Our Chief Development Officer directs our marketing efforts for disabilities services and youth services, except Job Corps. Responsibility for marketing activities also extends to other of our officers and officers of our subsidiaries. Senior management reviews marketing activities on a regular basis. In our pursuit of government contracts, we contact governments and governmental agencies in geographical areas in which we operate and in other geographic areas in which we have identified expansion potential. Contacts are made and maintained by both regional operations personnel and corporate development personnel and supported as appropriate by other senior management. We target new areas based largely on our assessment of the need for our services, the reimbursement system, the receptivity to out-of-state and proprietary operators, expected changes in the service delivery system (i.e., privatization or downsizing), the labor climate and existing competition. We also seek to identify service needs or possible changes in the service delivery or reimbursement system of governmental entities that may be driven by changes in administrative philosophy, budgetary considerations, pressure or legal actions brought by advocacy groups. As we identify needs or possible changes, we attempt to work with and provide input to the responsible governmental personnel and to work with provider associations and consumer advocacy groups. If an RFP results from this process, we then determine whether and on what terms we will respond and participate in the competitive process. With regard to identifying other providers who may be management contract or other transaction candidates, we attempt to establish relationships with providers through presentations at national and local conferences, memberships in national and local provider associations, direct contact by mail, telephone or personal visits and follow up with information packets. In some cases, we may be contacted directly and requested to submit proposals or become a provider in order to provide services to address specific problems. These circumstances may include an emergency takeover of a troubled operation or the need to develop a large number of community placements within a certain time period. REFERRAL SOURCES We receive substantially all of our clients with MR/DD from third-party referrals. State or regional agencies maintain lists of people who receive services, including waiting lists of people who desire services. Generally, state or local case management systems make family members of persons with MR/DD aware of available residential or alternative living arrangements. Governmental or private agencies operate case management systems. Our ABI services receive referrals from doctors, hospitals, private and workers' compensation insurers and attorneys. In either case, where it is determined that some form of MR/DD or ABI service is appropriate, a referral to one or more providers of these services is then made to family members or other interested parties. We generally receive referrals or placements of individuals to our AYS and Youthtrack programs through state or local agencies or entities responsible for these services. Individuals are recruited to our Job Corps programs largely through private contractors. We also have contracts directly with the DOL to recruit students to our own centers. Our reputation and prior experience with agency staff, case workers and others in positions to make referrals to us are important for building and maintaining census in our operations. 10 COMPETITION A number of competitive factors affect our provision of disabilities services and youth services, including range and quality of services provided, cost effectiveness, reporting and regulatory expertise, reputation in the community, and the location and appearance of facilities and programs. The markets for disabilities services and youth services are highly fragmented, with no single company or entity holding a dominant market share. We compete with other for-profit companies, not-for-profit entities and governmental agencies. Individual states remain a major provider of MR/DD services, primarily through the operation of large institutions. Not-for-profit organizations are also active in all states and range from small agencies serving a limited area with specific programs to multi-state organizations. Many of these organizations are affiliated with advocacy and sponsoring groups such as community mental health and mental retardation centers and religious organizations. The other youth services business in which we engage is one that other entities may easily enter without substantial capital investment or experience in management of education or treatment facilities. In addition, some not-for-profit entities may offer education and treatment programs at a lower cost than we do in part due to government subsidies, foundation grants, tax deductible contributions or other financial resources not available to for-profit companies. Currently, only a limited number of companies actively seek Job Corps contracts because the bidding process is highly specialized and requires a significant investment of personnel and other resources over a period of several months. The three largest Job Corps center operators, Management in Training Corporation, Global Associates/Career Systems and us, operate approximately one-half of the privately-operated centers. Competition for Job Corps contracts has increased as the DOL has made efforts to encourage new providers to operate Job Corps centers, particularly small businesses. Some proprietary competitors operate in multiple jurisdictions and may be well capitalized. We also compete in some markets with smaller local companies that may have a better understanding of the local conditions than we do and may be better able to gain political and public acceptance. This competition may adversely affect our ability to obtain new contracts and complete transactions on favorable terms. We face significant competition from all of these providers in the states in which we operate, and we expect to face similar competition in any state that we may enter in the future. Professional staff retention and development is a critical factor in the successful operation of our business. The competition for talented professional personnel, such as therapists and QMRPs, is intense. The demands of providing the requisite quality of service to persons with special needs contribute to a high turnover rate of direct service staff, leading to increased overtime and the use of outside consultants and other personnel. Consequently, we place a high priority on recruiting, training and retaining competent and caring personnel. In some tight labor markets, we have experienced difficulty in hiring direct service staff. This has resulted in higher labor costs to us in recent years. In addition, we typically use a standard professional service agreement for provision of services by certain professional personnel, which is generally terminable on 30 or 60-day notice. GOVERNMENT REGULATION AND REIMBURSEMENT Our operations are subject to compliance with various federal, state and local statutes and regulations. Compliance with state licensing requirements is a prerequisite for participation in government-sponsored health care assistance programs, such as Medicaid. The following summary describes material regulatory considerations applicable to us: Funding Levels Federal and state funding for our disabilities services business is subject to statutory and regulatory changes, administrative rulings, policy interpretations, intermediary determinations and governmental funding restrictions, all of which may materially increase or decrease program reimbursement. Congress 11 has historically attempted to curb the growth of federal funding of these programs, including limitations on payments to programs under the Medicaid program. Although states in general have historically increased rates to compensate for inflationary factors, some have curtailed funding due to state budget deficiencies or other reasons. In these instances, providers acting through their state health care trade associations may attempt to negotiate or employ legal action in order to reach a compromise settlement. Our future revenues may be affected by changes in rate-setting structures, methodologies or interpretations that may be proposed, or are under consideration in, states where we operate. Reimbursement Requirements To qualify for reimbursement under Medicaid programs, our facilities and programs are subject to various requirements of participation and other requirements imposed by federal and state authorities. In order to maintain a Medicaid or state contract, we must meet certain statutory and regulatory requirements. These participation requirements relate to client rights, quality of services, facilities and administration. Long-term providers, like us, are subject to periodic unannounced inspection by state authorities, often under contract with the appropriate federal agency, to ensure compliance with the requirements of participation in the Medicaid or state program. Licensure In addition to the requirements for participation in the Medicaid program we must meet, our facilities and programs are usually subject to annual licensing and other regulatory requirements of state and local authorities. These requirements relate to the condition of the facilities, the quality and adequacy of personnel and the quality of services. State licensing and other regulatory requirements vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and are subject to change. Regulatory Enforcement From time to time, we receive notices from regulatory inspectors that, in their opinion, there are deficiencies relating to our compliance with various regulatory requirements. We review these notices and take corrective action as appropriate. In most cases, we and the reviewing agency agree upon the steps to be taken to bring the facility or program into compliance with regulatory requirements, and from time to time, we or one or more of our subsidiaries may enter into agreements with regulatory agencies requiring us to take certain corrective action in order to maintain licensure. Serious deficiencies, or failure to comply with any regulatory agreement, may result in the assessment of fines or penalties and/or decertification or delicensure actions by the Health Care Financing Administration or state regulatory agencies, as appropriate. Acquisitions and Additions Each state in which we currently operate has adopted laws or regulations that generally require that a state agency approve us as a provider, and some require a determination that a need exists prior to the addition of beds or services. Cross Disqualifications and Delicensure In some circumstances, conviction of abusive or fraudulent behavior with respect to one facility or program may subject other facilities and programs under common control or ownership to disqualification from participation in the Medicaid program. Executive Order 12549 prohibits any corporation or facility from participating in federal contracts if it or its principals (including but not limited to officers, directors, owners and key employees) have been debarred, suspended, or declared ineligible, or have been voluntarily excluded from participating in federal contracts. In addition, some state regulations provide that all facilities licensed with a state under common ownership or control are subject to delicensure if any one or more of such facilities are delicensed. 12 Potential Criminal or Civil Sanctions The Social Security Act, as amended by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or the Health Insurance Act, provides for the mandatory exclusion of providers and related persons from participation in the Medicaid program if the individual or entity has been convicted of a criminal offense related to the delivery of an item or service under the Medicaid program or relating to neglect or abuse of residents. Furthermore, individuals or entities may be, but are not required to be, excluded from the Medicaid program under some circumstances including, but not limited to, the following: convictions relating to fraud; obstruction of an investigation of a controlled substance; license revocation or suspension; exclusion or suspension from a state or federal health care program; filing claims for excessive charges or unnecessary services or failure to furnish medically necessary services; or ownership or control by an individual who has been excluded from the Medicaid program, against whom a civil monetary penalty related to the Medicaid program has been assessed, or who has been convicted of a crime described in this sentence. The illegal remuneration provisions of the Social Security Act make it a felony to solicit, receive, offer to pay, or pay any kickback, bribe, or rebate in return for referring a resident for any item or service, or in return for purchasing, leasing or ordering any good, service or item, for which payment may be made under the Medicaid program. Other provisions in the Health Insurance Act proscribe false statements in billing and in meeting reporting requirements and in representations made with respect to the conditions or operations of facilities. A violation of the illegal remuneration statute is a felony and may result in the imposition of criminal penalties, including imprisonment for up to five years and/or a fine of up to $25,000. Furthermore, a civil action to exclude a provider from the Medicaid program could occur. There are also other civil and criminal statutes applicable to the industry, such as those governing false billings and anti-supplementation restrictions and the new health care offenses contained in the Health Insurance Act, including health care fraud, theft or embezzlement, false statements and obstruction of criminal investigation of health care offenses. Criminal sanctions for these new health care criminal offenses can be severe. Sanctions for health care fraud, for example, include imprisonment for up to 20 years. The agencies administering the Medicaid program have increased their criminal and civil enforcement activity in the prevention of program fraud and abuse, including the payment of illegal remuneration. Environmental Laws Certain federal and state laws govern the handling and disposal of medical, infectious, and hazardous waste or impose liability on owners and operators of real estate. Our failure to comply with those laws or the regulations promulgated under them could subject us to fines, criminal penalties, and other enforcement actions. As the owner or operator of real property, we could have potential liability for any contamination discovered at these sites. We are not aware of any risks of potential contamination at real property we own or operate that could result in our incurring material liability as a result of contamination. OSHA Federal regulations promulgated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration impose additional requirements on us including those protecting employees from exposure to elements such as blood-borne pathogens. We cannot predict the frequency of compliance, monitoring, or enforcement actions to which we may be subject as regulations are implemented, and we cannot assure you that these regulations will not adversely affect our operations. INSURANCE We maintain professional and general liability, auto, workers' compensation and other business insurance coverages. As a result of decreasing availability of coverage at historical rates, we entered into new risk management programs pertaining to these coverages in December 2000 which were renewed as of July 1, 2001 through June 30, 2002, with some of these programs providing for significantly higher self-insured retention limits and higher deductibles. The most significant change occurred in our program for professional and general liability coverages. The program in place before December 2000 provided coverage after a deductible of $10,000 per occurrence and claims limits of $1.0 million per occurrence up to a 13 $3.0 million annual aggregate limit, plus varying amounts of excess coverage. The new program provides for a $250,000 deductible per occurrence and claims limits of $5.0 million per occurrence up to a $6.0 million annual aggregate limit. Additionally, we revised the program for auto insurance to increase the deductible under the program in place before December 2000 from $0 to $250,000 per occurrence. Furthermore, we revised the program for workers' compensation insurance to increase the deductible under the program in place before December 2000 from $250,000 to $500,000 per occurrence. Umbrella coverages are in place for the auto and property insurance programs. The risk management programs for professional and general liability do not provide for umbrella coverages. As a result, we estimate the cost for our new business insurance programs to be approximately $10 million more in fiscal year 2001 than in fiscal year 2000. All of our business insurance programs are due for renewal July 1, 2002. We have implemented additional risk management initiatives and believe our insurance coverages and self-insurance reserves are adequate for our current operations. However, we cannot assure you that any potential losses on asserted claims will not exceed our insurance coverages and self-insurance reserves or that our insurance costs will not further increase. EMPLOYEES As of June 30, 2001, we employed approximately 30,000 people. As of that date, we were subject to collective bargaining agreements with approximately 1,200 of our employees. We have not experienced any work stoppages and believe we have good relations with our employees. PROPERTIES As of June 30, 2001, we owned approximately 110 properties and operated facilities and programs at approximately 2,300 leased properties. Other facilities and programs are operated under management contracts. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS From time to time, we (or a provider with whom we have a management agreement), become a party to legal and/or administrative proceedings involving state program administrators and others that, in the event of unfavorable outcomes, may adversely affect our revenues and period-to-period comparisons. In September 1997, a lawsuit, styled Cause No. 98-00740, Nancy Chesser v. Normal Life of North Texas, Inc., and Normal Life, Inc. District Court of Travis County, Texas was filed against a Texas facility operated by the former owners of Normal Life, Inc. and Normal Life of North Texas, Inc., one of our subsidiaries, asserting causes of action for negligence, intentional infliction of emotional distress and retaliation regarding the discharge of residents of the facility. In May 2000, a judgment was entered in favor of the plaintiff awarding the plaintiff damages, prejudgment interest and attorneys' fees totaling $4.8 million. In October 2000, we and American International Specialty Lines Insurance Company, or AISL, entered into an agreement whereby any settlement reached in Chesser and a related lawsuit also filed in the District Court of Travis County, Texas would not be dispositive of whether the claims in those suits were covered under the policies issued by AISL. AISL thereafter settled the suits and filed a Complaint for Declaratory Judgment against Normal Life of North Texas, Inc. and Normal Life, Inc. in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas, Dallas Division. In the Complaint, AISL seeks a declaration of what insurance coverage is available to us in the lawsuits. It is our position that the lawsuits initiated coverage under the primary policies of insurance, thus affording adequate coverage to settle the lawsuits within coverage and policy limits. This declaratory judgment action is currently scheduled for trial in December 2001. We do not believe it is probable that the ultimate resolution of this matter will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. In August 1998, with the approval of the State of Indiana, we relocated approximately 100 individuals from three of our larger facilities to community-based settings. In June 1999, in a lawsuit styled Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. v. Res-Care Health Services, Inc., the owner of these facilities filed suit against 14 us in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana, alleging in connection therewith breach of contract, conversion and fraudulent concealment. We, on the advice of counsel, believe that the amount of damages sought by the plaintiffs is approximately $21 million. It appears the claims for compensatory damages may be duplicative. We believe that this lawsuit is without merit and will defend it vigorously. We do not believe it is probable that the ultimate resolution of this matter will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. In July 2000, AISL filed a Complaint for Declaratory Judgment against us and one of our subsidiaries in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division. In the Complaint, AISL seeks a declaration of what insurance coverage is available to us in Cause No. 299291-401; In re: Estate of Trenia Wright, Deceased, et al. v. Res-Care, Inc., et al., which was filed in Probate Court No. 1 of Harris County, Texas (the Lawsuit). Subsequent to the filing, we and AISL entered into an agreement whereby any settlement reached in the Lawsuit would not be dispositive of whether the claims in the Lawsuit were covered under the policies issued by AISL. AISL thereafter settled the Lawsuit. It is our position that the Lawsuit initiated coverage under the primary policies of insurance in more than one policy year, thus affording adequate coverage to settle the lawsuit within coverage and policy limits. This declaratory judgment action is currently scheduled for trial in December 2001. We do not believe it is probable that the ultimate resolution of this matter will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. In October 2000, we and one of our subsidiaries, Res-Care Florida, Inc., f/k/a Normal Life Florida, Inc., entered into an agreement with AISL to resolve through binding arbitration a dispute as to the amount of coverage available to settle a lawsuit that had previously been filed in Pinellas County Circuit Court, Florida and subsequently settled after we entered into the agreement. AISL contends that a portion of the settlement reached was comprised of punitive damages and, therefore, not the responsibility of AISL. It is our position that the settlement was an amount that a reasonable and prudent insurer would pay for the actual damages alleged and that AISL had opportunities to settle all claims within available coverage limits. This binding arbitration, which was originally scheduled for September 2001, has been rescheduled for January 2002. We do not believe it is probable that the ultimate resolution of this matter will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. On September 4, 2001, in a case styled Nellie Lake, Individually as an Heir-at-Law of Christina Zellner, deceased; and as Personal Representative of the Estate of Christina Zellner v. Res-Care, Inc., et al., in the U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas at Wichita, a jury awarded noneconomic damages to Ms. Lake in the amount of $100,000, the statutory maximum, as well as $5,000 for economic loss. In addition, the jury awarded the Estate of Christina Zellner $5,000 of noneconomic damages and issued an advisory opinion recommending an award of $2.5 million in punitive damages. The judge, however, is not required to award the amount of punitive damages recommended by the jury. The judge is free to award whatever amount he finds reasonable under the circumstances, and may also conclude that no punitive damages are to be awarded. A hearing on the issue of punitive damages was held in the last week of September 2001, but the judge has yet to issue a ruling. Based on the advice of counsel, we intend to appeal any award of punitive damages ultimately entered, based on numerous appealable errors at trial. We do not believe it is probable that the ultimate resolution of this matter will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. In addition, we are a party to various other legal and/or administrative proceedings arising out of the operation of our facilities and programs and arising in the ordinary course of business. We believe that most of these claims are without merit. Furthermore, many of these claims may be covered by insurance. We do not believe the results of these proceedings or claims, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. 15
EX-99.3 5 l91085aex99-3.txt EXHIBIT 99.3 Exhibit 99.3 SUMMARY INFORMATION This summary highlights the information contained elsewhere in this report. Because this is only a summary, it does not contain all of the information that may be important to you. We encourage you to read this entire report and the documents to which we refer you. You should read the following summary together with the more detailed information and historical and pro forma financial information, including the notes relating to that information, appearing elsewhere in this report. For convenience, throughout this report, the words "ResCare," "we," "us," "our" or similar words refer to Res-Care, Inc., and all of its subsidiaries except where the context otherwise requires. OUR COMPANY Founded in 1974, we are the nation's largest private provider of residential, training, educational and support services to populations with special needs, including persons with developmental and other disabilities and at-risk and troubled youths. At June 30, 2001, we provided services to approximately 26,500 persons with special needs in 32 states, Washington, D.C., Canada and Puerto Rico. We believe that we provide high quality services on a more cost effective basis than traditional state-run programs. We are a leading provider of services for special needs populations because of our proven programs, operating procedures, financial resources, economies of scale and experience working with special needs populations and governmental agencies. We have two reportable operating segments: our Division for Persons with Disabilities, or DPD, and our Division for Youth Services, or DYS. For the twelve months ended June 30, 2001, we derived approximately 83% of our total revenues directly from state programs or agencies and approximately 15% directly from the U.S. Departments of Labor and the Interior. For the twelve months ended June 30, 2001, we had revenues of $882.3 million, EBITDAR of $88.8 million and EBITDA of $62.0 million (as these terms are defined in note 2 of our "Summary Consolidated Financial Information"). OUR INDUSTRY The markets for services for special needs populations in the United States are large, growing, highly fragmented and backed by powerful advocacy groups. Providing services for special needs populations that we serve constitutes a $65.6 billion market, of which $25.6 billion is funding for mental retardation or other developmental disabilities, or MR/DD, services according to a July 2000 study by the Department of Disability and Human Development of the University of Illinois at Chicago ("State of the States Report"), and approximately $40.0 billion is funding for youth services according to data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the National Association of State Budget Officers. We believe that we are well positioned to benefit from favorable demographics and positive current industry trends. We expect our industry to experience strong growth rates due to the following: - Pressure to Reduce Waiting Lists: The Arc, a national organization and advocacy group for persons with MR/DD, estimated that in 1997 individuals with MR/DD on waiting lists for placements in one or more residential, day/vocational or other community-based service programs were seeking approximately 218,000 placements. Many states have received court orders requiring them to address long waiting lists. As a result, many states are allocating incremental funding to provide for group home placements or for new programs like periodic/in-home services. - Increased Medicaid Funding: MR/DD services are funded mainly by state Medicaid programs, for which funding has increased at an inflation-adjusted average annual rate of approximately 11% over the last two decades, according to the State of the States Report. By the end of 2001, we expect reimbursement rates in the states in which we provide MR/DD services to have increased at an average annualized rate of approximately 3%. 1 - Privatization Trend: State and local government agencies have historically provided MR/DD and youth services. However, in recent years, there has been a trend throughout the United States toward privatization of service delivery functions for special needs populations as governments at all levels face continuing pressure to control costs and improve the quality of programs. For example, the State of the States Report indicates that the percentage of individuals with MR/DD receiving residential services in state-run institutions declined from approximately 51.5% in 1977 to approximately 12.7% in 1998. - Strong Potential Demand for Services for Persons with Disabilities: Estimates of the number of individuals in the United States with some form of MR/DD range from 3.2 million, according to the State of the States Report, to 7.5 million, according to The Arc. However, the State of the States Report estimates that only approximately 416,000 persons with MR/DD live in staffed facilities or supported-living settings. The report estimates that approximately 1.9 million persons with MR/DD live with family caregivers, and 25% of these family caregivers are parents aged 60 or older. When family caregivers are no longer capable of providing for their dependents with MR/ DD, states must provide these services for them. - Vocal Advocacy Groups: The rise of advocacy groups, often led by the parents or guardians of individuals with MR/DD along with social workers and civil rights lawyers, has resulted in long-term trends toward an increasing emphasis on training and education as well as an increase in community-based settings for residential services, all designed to promote a higher quality of life and greater independence. - Legislation and Litigation Promoting Increased Community-Based Living: In June 1999, the U.S. Supreme Court, in Olmstead v. L.C., held that states must provide individuals with MR/DD the choice to be placed in community-based settings when deemed appropriate by medical professionals and placement can be reasonably completed within state budgets. We believe that this ruling will accelerate the transfer of the nation's approximately 45,000 people currently residing in state institutional facilities to community-based settings. - Expanding Job Corps Program: The federal Job Corps program, which is currently funded at $1.5 billion per year, has grown significantly since its inception in 1964. The program provides training for approximately 70,000 students each year at 119 centers throughout the United States and Puerto Rico and is projected by the U.S. Department of Labor, or DOL, to increase to 123 centers over the next two years. In addition, federal funding for this program has never been reduced since its inception. The U.S. Bureau of the Census forecasts that the juvenile population will grow by 8% between 1995 and 2015. The U.S. Bureau of the Census estimates that 20% of the approximately 70 million children under the age of 18 in the United States currently live in households under the poverty level. OUR BUSINESS We provide an array of services in residential and non-residential settings for adults and youths with MR/DD and disabilities caused by acquired brain injury and for youths who have special educational or support needs, are from disadvantaged backgrounds or have severe emotional disorders. DISABILITIES SERVICES We are the nation's largest private provider of services for individuals with MR/DD. At June 30, 2001, we served more than 17,000 individuals in 29 states, Washington, D.C. and Canada. We base our programs predominantly on individual habilitation plans designed to encourage greater independence and development of daily living skills through individualized support and training. We design these programs to offer individuals specialized support not generally available in larger state institutions and traditional long-term care facilities such as nursing homes. We provide our services mainly in community-based group homes and, to a lesser extent, in other facilities run by us and in the homes of individuals with MR/DD. 2 At June 30, 2001, approximately 94% of our disabilities services clients resided in community settings, either in our group homes or in their own family homes. As of that date, we served approximately 4,800 clients in their family homes. In each of our programs, services are administered by our employees and contractors, such as qualified mental retardation professionals, service coordinators, physicians, psychologists, therapists, social workers and other direct service staff. We staff our group homes and other facilities 24 hours a day, seven days per week and provide social, functional and vocational skills training, supported employment and emotional and psychological counseling or therapy as needed for each individual. We also provide respite, therapeutic and other services on an as-needed or hourly basis through our periodic/in-home services programs. Because most of our clients with MR/DD require services over their entire lives and many states have extensive waiting lists of people requiring services, we have consistently experienced occupancy rates of at least 97% since 1996. We derive our disabilities services revenues primarily from state government agencies under the Medicaid reimbursement system and from management contracts with private operators, generally not-for-profit providers, who contract with state government agencies and are also reimbursed under the Medicaid system. Medicaid is a partnership between the federal and state governments, whereby the federal government matches a percentage of the expenditures made by a given state. Each state uses some of these Medicaid funds to provide services to its MR/DD population. For the twelve months ended June 30, 2001, we generated revenues of $690.1 million, EBITDAR of $96.6 million, and EBITDA of $73.5 million in DPD, before general corporate expenses. YOUTH SERVICES JOB CORPS PROGRAM We are the nation's second largest operator of Job Corps centers with 15 centers serving approximately 6,900 students, or about 15.3% of total Job Corps enrollees as of June 30, 2001. Founded in 1964, the federal Job Corps program is funded and administered by the U.S. Department of Labor and provides educational and vocational skills training, health care, employment counseling and other support necessary to enable disadvantaged individuals to obtain employment. These programs operate 24 hours a day, seven days a week at 119 centers throughout the United States and Puerto Rico and offer vocational training to meet job opportunities in a given region. Approximately 70% of Job Corps centers are privately operated, and a Job Corps contract term is generally five years, including renewals. Under our Job Corps contracts, we are reimbursed for all facility and program costs related to Job Corps center operations and allowable indirect costs for general and administrative expenses, plus a prenegotiated management fee, normally a fixed percentage of facility and program expense. For the twelve months ended June 30, 2001, we generated revenues of $132.0 million, EBITDAR of $14.6 million and EBITDA of $14.4 million in our Job Corps program, before general corporate expenses. OTHER YOUTH SERVICES PROGRAMS We are among the nation's largest private providers of services to disadvantaged or at-risk youths, serving approximately 2,300 youths in 11 states, Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico as of June 30, 2001. Our youth programs are designed to provide consistent, high quality and cost-effective education and treatment to address the needs of the various segments of the special needs, at-risk and troubled youth population. Our programs include secure detention centers, residential treatment programs, emergency shelters, charter schools, alternative schools and foster care programs designed to address the specific needs of at-risk and troubled youths. For the twelve months ended June 30, 2001, these programs generated revenues of $60.2 million, EBITDAR of $7.0 million and EBITDA of $4.4 million, before general corporate expenses. 3 COMPETITIVE STRENGTHS We believe that we are well positioned to take advantage of industry trends and that our strong competitive position is attributable to a number of factors, including the following: MARKET LEADING POSITION We are the nation's largest private provider of services to populations with special needs. At June 30, 2001, we provided services to approximately 26,500 persons with special needs in 32 states, Washington, D.C., Canada and Puerto Rico. Based on revenues, we are currently three times the size of our nearest for-profit competitor in disabilities services. We are also the second largest Job Corps program operator. Our market leading position is strengthened by the following: - Close, long-standing relationships with state and local agencies as well as advocacy groups, and an understanding of various state and federal regulations and reimbursement and billing systems; - A compelling value proposition to our customers resulting from our corporate mission and supported by our economies of scale; - Significant barriers to entry, which we have overcome by our size, geographic scope, operating infrastructure and our long term relationships with government agencies; - Our proactive implementation of a comprehensive compliance program, which we believe is the first such program in our industry; and - Best in Class 2000, our internal quality management system, which we are making available to state agencies and other small providers as a model quality management system for the industry. RECURRING AND STABLE REVENUES Our revenues are recurring and stable for the following reasons: - We estimate that the average age of our clients with MR/DD is 40 years. Individuals with MR/ DD generally require our services for their entire lives and have a life expectancy of approximately 70 years; - Our clients with MR/DD rarely lose their Medicaid eligibility (although clients need to requalify on a periodic basis) and their length of stay with us is measured in years, rather than months; - We have consistently experienced occupancy rates of at least 97% since 1996 as a result of strong demand for disabilities services due to long state waiting lists; - We are reimbursed for our services by Medicaid agencies and other government entities in 32 states, as well as by the Department of Labor and Department of the Interior, therefore mitigating our reimbursement exposure to any one payor; - Medicaid funding for disabilities services has risen at an inflation-adjusted average annual rate of approximately 11% per year from 1977 to 1998; and - The length of our Job Corps contracts currently averages five years. ESTABLISHED RELATIONSHIPS WITH GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES AND ADVOCACY GROUPS We maintain strong relationships with state and local governments and have developed a reputation as a high quality service provider capable of efficiently transitioning large numbers of individuals with MR/ DD off waiting lists or from state institutions and into group homes or other community-based settings. We believe that our experience and corporate resources enable us to service this incremental business more successfully than smaller disabilities services providers. We also have the infrastructure and expertise to accommodate individuals with MR/DD in their family homes. We are working with advocates and others 4 to develop funding and find placements for individuals with MR/DD on state-compiled waiting lists, as well as to enhance the funding available for existing clients. QUALITY SERVICES PROVIDER Our size enables us to draw upon the significant experience of our operations and apply best practices throughout all of our facilities, thereby improving the quality of our operations. We have spent years developing quality assurance systems that can address the particular challenges in providing supports to individuals in the community and in scattered settings. Best In Class 2000 is our quality management system that establishes the fundamental expectations we have of our employees and our operations. Best in Class 2000 defines best-practice standards to ensure that we provide high quality services. We have begun to offer Best In Class 2000 to state agencies and other small providers with which we work as a model for their quality assurance programs. The quality of our disabilities services operations is evident in our low level of deficiencies compared to national averages in facilities subject to Medicaid survey. We have served the federal Job Corps program since 1976 and won the National Job Corps Association Member of the Year award, which is given to the highest quality operator in the program, in two of the last three years. We believe that our size also enables us to execute our employee training and development programs effectively and efficiently. EXPERIENCED MANAGEMENT TEAM Our management team has successfully developed us into the leading independent provider of services to special needs populations. Our senior management team of seven executives, led by President and CEO Ronald G. Geary, has over a century of combined health care experience and 73 years of experience working with people with special needs. Under Mr. Geary's leadership, we have grown revenues at a compounded annual growth rate of approximately 30% from $65 million in 1990 to approximately $866 million in 2000 principally due to acquisitions and internal growth. The presidents of our DPD and DYS operating divisions have 22 and 28 years of experience in their respective fields. In addition to our senior leadership, our senior operations personnel have a broad range of health care experience. We believe that our management team has excellent depth and breadth and a strong ability to adapt to changing market conditions. BUSINESS STRATEGY Our strategy is to enhance our leading, established market position and to increase revenue and cash flow by capitalizing on our position as the largest provider of residential, training, educational and support services to populations with special needs. Our business strategy focuses on the pursuit of the following key initiatives: ADD NEW GROUP HOMES TO REGIONAL CLUSTERS Our current growth strategy is primarily to add new group homes to our regional clusters where we have existing infrastructure and where Medicaid rates are attractive, and to selectively pursue other opportunities to provide services. We plan to achieve this goal, in part, by leveraging our relationships with various government agencies. According to The Arc, in 1997 individuals with MR/DD on waiting lists for placements in one or more residential, day/vocational or other community-based service programs were seeking approximately 218,000 placements. We are working with advocates and others to develop funding and find placements for these individuals, as well as to enhance the funding available for individuals with MR/DD. INCREASE REVENUES THROUGH EXPANSION OF SERVICES We plan to continue to build upon our market leadership position as a provider of disabilities services and of training and support services for disadvantaged youths and other special needs populations by 5 expanding the services that we provide to our clients. In particular, we are focused on growing our periodic/in-home services and our Job Corps and other youth services programs. - Periodic/In-Home Services. We began our periodic/in-home services to individuals with MR/DD in 1997 and serve approximately 4,800 individuals today. We believe this represents a significant avenue for growth that leverages our existing infrastructure. In addition, these services provide stable margins and require limited capital, providing favorable returns to us. Periodic services are disabilities services provided in the family homes of clients with MR/DD and, as such, require minimal capital investment. We believe that these services are in high demand from family caregivers and in some cases are used as an interim measure by state governments to provide relief to these families. According to a customer satisfaction survey we had conducted by an independent surveyor, recipients of our periodic services expressed a high degree of satisfaction. - Job Corps and Other Youth Services Programs. We will continue to pursue Job Corps and other youth services program contracts as they are put out for bid by the U.S. Department of Labor and various states. We believe that these opportunities are favorable to our business because of the stable reimbursement and low capital investment. IMPROVE OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCIES AND REDUCE COSTS We are continually focused on improving operations in order to both reduce costs and improve quality. We are leveraging new technologies into tangible operating efficiencies, improved accounts receivable collection and cost-effective operations. Currently, we are implementing both an accounts receivable tracking and billing system, as well as a time and attendance information system. - Accounts Receivable Tracking and Billing System. We have largely completed the installation of the system and have converted 84% of our historical information. This system enables us to streamline the billing process by automatically populating required data fields, removing many manual steps required to properly send bills and therefore improve the timing and collection of accounts receivable. We believe that this system will enable us to produce complete and accurate bills on a more timely and more frequent basis and thereby reduce our days sales outstanding and improve cash flow. - Time and Attendance System. The challenge of monitoring our approximately 30,000 full-time and part-time employees as well as vacation, overtime and temporary labor costs prompted us to find an appropriate time and attendance system. We have begun testing such a system and plan to install it during the next 16 months. We believe that this system will enable us to more efficiently staff our facilities and reduce unnecessary overtime and temporary staffing. - Increased Accountability at Core Office Level. In anticipation of the implementation of our new information systems, we have created and implemented new labor/hour tracking procedures that enable core office administrators to monitor direct service hours on a weekly basis. We believe these tracking procedures aided in the stabilization and slight reduction in total labor hours and costs we experienced in the second quarter of 2001. In addition, by improving the oversight of the accounts receivables procedures at the local level, we reduced days sales outstanding from 66 days at June 30, 2000 to 64 days at June 30, 2001, representing increased cash flow of nearly $5 million. 6 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS On September 10, 2001, we entered into a commitment letter with National City Bank to provide us with an $80.0 million revolving credit facility (including a $50.0 million letter of credit sublimit). We expect to complete a definitive credit agreement relating to this facility so as to replace our existing credit facility in November 2001. We expect the termination of our existing credit facility, if completed, to result in an extraordinary loss, net of tax, of approximately $1.4 million. RECENT UNAUDITED FINANCIAL RESULTS On October 31, 2001 we reported that revenues for the third quarter of 2001 increased to $224.8 million compared with $218.2 million for the year-earlier period. Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, facility rent and special charges (EBITDAR) for the third quarter of 2001 was $23.6 million compared with $24.5 million for the year-earlier period, and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and special charges (EBITDA) for the third quarter of 2001 was $15.8 million compared with $18.5 million for the year-earlier period. In July 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142 which, effective January 1, 2002, will require that goodwill no longer be amortized, but instead be tested for impairment annually. For the third quarter of 2001, amortization of goodwill approximated $2.0 million. Net income for the third quarter of 2001 was $3.5 million, compared with net income of $3.1 million for the year-earlier period. EBITDAR, EBITDA and operating income for the third quarter of 2001 included a bequest to one of our operations, offset by a discretionary contribution made to one of our pension plans, resulting in a net increase to EBITDAR, EBITDA and operating income of approximately $0.6 million. Excluding a restructuring charge, net income for the year-earlier period amounted to $4.0 million. As of September 30, 2001, net accounts receivable were $157.8 million, with net days sales outstanding of 64 days.
THREE MONTHS ENDED NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30 SEPTEMBER 30 ----------------------- ----------------------- 2000 2001 2000 2001 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- (Unaudited) (In thousands, except share and per share data) STATEMENT OF INCOME DATA: Revenues........................................... $218,246 $224,759 $642,484 $665,529 Facility and program expenses...................... 192,632 201,684 564,097 599,604 -------- -------- -------- -------- Facility and program contribution.................. 25,614 23,075 78,387 65,925 Operating expenses: Corporate general and administrative.......... 7,079 8,182 20,572 23,723 Depreciation and amortization................. 5,642 5,186 16,635 16,038 Special charges............................... 1,673 -- 3,670 1,729 Other (income) expense........................ 66 (924) 304 (834) -------- -------- -------- -------- Total operating expenses, net...................... 14,460 12,444 41,181 40,656 -------- -------- -------- -------- Operating income................................... 11,154 10,631 37,206 25,269 Interest, net...................................... 5,926 4,383 16,932 14,187 -------- -------- -------- -------- Income before income taxes......................... 5,228 6,248 20,274 11,082 Income tax expense................................. 2,169 2,718 8,413 4,821 -------- -------- -------- -------- Net income......................................... $ 3,059 $ 3,530 $ 11,861 $ 6,261 ======== ======== ======== ========
7
SEPTEMBER 30, 2001 ------------- BALANCE SHEET DATA: ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents................................... $ 9,107 Accounts and notes receivable, net.......................... 157,749 Other current assets........................................ 27,850 -------- Total current assets................................... 194,706 -------- Property and equipment, net................................. 62,109 Excess of acquisition cost over net assets acquired, net.... 210,864 Other assets................................................ 34,088 -------- Total assets........................................... $501,767 ======== LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities......................................... $105,778 Other long-term liabilities................................. 7,084 Long-term debt.............................................. 204,190 Shareholders' equity........................................ 184,715 -------- Total liabilities and shareholders' equity............. $501,767 ========
THREE MONTHS ENDED NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30 SEPTEMBER 30 ------------------ ------------------- 2000 2001 2000 2001 ------- -------- -------- -------- CASH FLOW DATA: Cash provided by operating activities............... $15,205 $ 12,955 $ 15,493 $ 7,639 Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of property and equipment............... (3,531) (3,588) (18,381) (7,044) Acquisitions of businesses........................ (305) -- (2,307) -- Proceeds from sales of assets..................... -- 3,663 2,042 25,629 ------- -------- -------- -------- Cash provided by (used in) investing activities................................... (3,836) 75 (18,646) 18,585 ------- -------- -------- -------- Cash flows from financing activities: Net (repayments) borrowings of long-term debt..... (4,335) (12,263) 12,556 (50,862) Proceeds received from exercise of stock options........................................ -- 88 520 330 ------- -------- -------- -------- Cash (used in) provided by financing activities................................... (4,335) (12,175) 13,076 (50,532) ------- -------- -------- -------- Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents.... $ 7,034 $ 855 $ 9,923 $(24,308) ======= ======== ======== ========
8 THE NOTES Issuer........................ Res-Care, Inc. Notes Offered................. $150,000,000 aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes to be placed pursuant to Rule 144A. Maturity...................... 7 years. Optional Redemption........... Non-callable for 4 years. Equity Clawback............... Up to 35% of principal with proceeds of qualified equity offerings. Change of Control............. Investor put at 101% of principal plus accrued and unpaid interest. Restrictive Covenants......... Standard high yield. Use of Proceeds............... Repay certain indebtedness and general corporate purposes. 9 SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION The following summary consolidated financial information should be read in conjunction with our historical consolidated financial statements and related notes and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in this report and our prior filings of periodic reports. Some of the summary consolidated financial information for and as of each of the years ended December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000 set forth below have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. Some of the summary consolidated financial information for and as of the six months ended June 30, 2001 and 2000, and the twelve months ended June 30, 2001 set forth below have been derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements from which the data below is derived contain all adjustments, which consist only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly our financial position and results of operations as of the applicable dates and for the applicable periods. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future. In June 1999, we completed a merger with PeopleServe, Inc., which was accounted for as a pooling-of-interests. Accordingly, the summary consolidated financial information has been restated for all periods presented to include the financial condition and results of operations of PeopleServe. Statistical information included in "Operating Data" for years prior to the merger has not been restated to reflect the operations of PeopleServe. The summary pro forma and as adjusted consolidated financial information reflect our sale of $150 million principal amount of notes and the application of the estimated net proceeds therefrom. The pro forma and as adjusted financial data are not necessarily indicative of the operating results that actually would have occurred if the offering had been effective on the dates indicated, nor are they necessarily indicative of future operating results.
TWELVE SIX MONTHS ENDED MONTHS YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, JUNE 30, ENDED ------------------------------ ------------------- JUNE 30, 1998 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ----------- (Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited) (Unaudited) STATEMENT OF INCOME DATA: Revenues......................................... $702,914 $824,479 $865,796 $424,238 $440,770 $882,328 Facility and program expenses.................... 604,760 716,469 763,576 371,465 397,920 790,031 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Facility and program contribution................ 98,154 108,010 102,220 52,773 42,850 92,297 Operating expenses: Corporate general and administrative......... 27,590 27,726 28,111 13,493 15,541 30,159 Depreciation and amortization................ 18,561 21,107 22,308 10,993 10,851 22,166 Special charges (1).......................... -- 20,498 4,149 1,997 1,729 3,881 Other (income) expenses...................... (307) 40 270 239 90 121 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Total operating expenses, net.................... 45,844 69,371 54,838 26,722 28,211 56,327 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Operating income................................. 52,310 38,639 47,382 26,051 14,639 35,970 Interest, net.................................... 13,894 18,750 22,559 11,005 9,804 21,358 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Income from continuing operations before income taxes.......................................... 38,416 19,889 24,823 15,046 4,835 14,612 Income tax expense............................... 15,484 10,153 10,647 6,244 2,103 6,506 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Income from continuing operations................ 22,932 9,736 14,176 8,802 2,732 8,106 Gain from sale of unconsolidated affiliate, net of tax......................................... -- 534 -- -- -- -- Cumulative effect of accounting change, net of tax............................................ -- (3,932) -- -- -- -- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Net income....................................... $ 22,932 $ 6,338 $ 14,176 $ 8,802 $ 2,732 $ 8,106 ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ========
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TWELVE SIX MONTHS ENDED MONTHS YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, JUNE 30, ENDED ------------------------------ ------------------- JUNE 30, 1998 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ----------- (Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited) (Unaudited) OTHER STATEMENT OF INCOME DATA: EBITDAR (2)...................................... $ 92,655 $106,043 $ 98,975 $ 51,729 $ 41,547 $ 88,793 EBITDAR margin (2)............................... 13.2% 12.9% 11.4% 12.2% 9.4% 10.1% EBITDA (2)....................................... $ 70,871 $ 80,244 $ 73,839 $ 39,041 $ 27,219 $ 62,017 EBITDA margin (2)................................ 10.1% 9.7% 8.5% 9.2% 6.2% 7.0% Depreciation and amortization.................... $ 18,561 $ 21,107 $ 22,308 $ 10,993 $ 10,851 $ 22,166 Facility rent (3)................................ 21,784 25,799 25,136 12,688 14,328 26,776 Maintenance capital expenditures (4)............. 10,734 12,166 9,322 4,202 3,211 8,331 OPERATING DATA: Number of facilities............................. 1,379 2,350 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 Disabilities Services Segment: Total revenue................................ $570,626 $654,553 $680,629 $334,003 $343,475 $690,101 Persons served............................... 11,952 15,927 16,561 16,820 17,320 17,320 Capacity utilized............................ 97.4% 98.2% 97.9% 98.0% 97.9% 97.9% Youth Services Segment: Total revenue................................ $132,288 $169,926 $185,167 $ 90,235 $ 97,295 $192,227 Persons served............................... 8,395 8,340 9,410 8,448 9,186 9,186 Capacity utilized............................ 97.9% 82.2% 96.4% 90.7% 93.8% 93.8% SELECTED HISTORICAL RATIOS: (2)(5)(6)(7) Ratio of EBITDAR to interest and facility rent... 2.5x 2.3x 2.0x 2.1x 1.7x 1.8x Ratio of EBITDA to interest expense.............. 4.6x 4.0x 3.1x 3.4x 2.5x 2.7x Ratio of total adjusted debt to EBITDAR.......... 4.7x 4.7x 4.8x -- -- 5.0x Ratio of total debt to EBITDA.................... 3.7x 3.6x 3.7x -- -- 3.8x Percentage of total debt to total capitalization................................. 62.6% 64.1% 60.5% 64.1% 56.3% 56.3% Ratio of earnings to fixed charges............... 2.7x 1.7x 1.8x 2.0x 1.3x 1.5x SELECTED PRO FORMA RATIOS: (2)(5)(6) Ratio of EBITDAR to interest and facility rent... -- -- -- -- -- 1.7x Ratio of EBITDA to interest expense.............. -- -- -- -- -- 2.4x Ratio of total adjusted net debt to EBITDAR...... -- -- -- -- -- 5.0x Ratio of total net debt to EBITDA................ -- -- -- -- -- 3.7x Percentage of total net debt to total capitalization................................. -- -- -- -- -- 49.8%
JUNE 30, 2001 DECEMBER 31, -------------------- -------------------------------- AS 1998 1999 2000 ACTUAL ADJUSTED -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- (Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited) BALANCE SHEET DATA: Working capital.......................................... $ 75,486 $102,141 $122,305 $ 95,144 $151,076 Total assets............................................. 493,793 523,131 536,106 497,359 542,232 Total debt, including capital leases..................... 258,762 291,713 272,277 233,753 276,202 Total adjusted debt (5).................................. 433,034 498,105 473,365 463,001 490,410 Shareholders' equity..................................... 154,587 163,384 178,123 181,097 182,554 Days sales outstanding................................... 60 62 59 64 64
--------------- (1) Special charges for the year ended December 31, 2000 include the following: (1) a charge of $1.8 million ($1.1 million net of tax, or $0.04 per share) related to the write-off of costs associated with the terminated management-led buyout, (2) a charge of $1.7 million ($1.0 million net of tax, or $0.04 per share) related to our 2000 restructuring plan and (3) a charge of $0.6 million for the settlement of a lawsuit. Special charges for the six months ended June 30, 2001 include a charge of approximately $1.6 million ($0.9 million net of tax, or $0.04 per share) for costs associated with the exit from Tennessee. Special charges for the six months ended June 30, 2000 include the charge related to the terminated management-led buyout. Special charges for 1999 include the charge of $20.5 million ($13.7 million net of tax, or $0.55 per share) recorded in connection with the PeopleServe merger. 11 (2) EBITDA is defined as earnings from continuing operations before depreciation and amortization, net interest expense, income taxes and special charges. EBITDAR is defined as EBITDA before facility rent. EBITDA margin and EBITDAR margin are defined as EBITDA and EBITDAR, respectively, divided by total revenues. EBITDA and EBITDAR are commonly used as analytical indicators within the health care industry, and also serve as measures of leverage capacity and debt service ability. EBITDA and EBITDAR should not be considered as measures of financial performance under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, and the items excluded from EBITDA and EBITDAR are significant components in understanding and assessing financial performance. EBITDA and EBITDAR should not be considered in isolation or as alternatives to net income, cash flows generated by operating, investing or financing activities or other financial statement data presented in the consolidated financial statements as indicators of financial performance or liquidity. Because EBITDA and EBITDAR are not measurements determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and are thus susceptible to varying calculations, EBITDA and EBITDAR as presented may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. (3) Facility rent is defined as land and building lease expense less amortization of any deferred gain on applicable sale and leaseback transactions. (4) Maintenance capital expenditures represent purchases of fixed assets excluding land, buildings and acquisitions of businesses. (5) Total adjusted debt is defined as total debt plus annual facility rent times a multiple of eight. (6) Total net debt is defined as total debt net of cash and cash equivalents. Total adjusted net debt is defined as total adjusted debt net of cash and cash equivalents. (7) For the purpose of determining the ratio of earnings to fixed charges, earnings are defined as income before income taxes, plus fixed charges. Fixed charges consist of interest expense on all indebtedness and amortization of capitalized debt issuance costs. 12 CAPITALIZATION The following table sets forth our capitalization as of June 30, 2001, on an actual basis and as adjusted to give effect to the offering and the anticipated application of the estimated net proceeds. You should read this table in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this report. See "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Data", "Selected Consolidated Historical Financial Data" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
JUNE 30, 2001 ------------- ACTUAL AS ADJUSTED ---------- ------------- (Unaudited, in thousands) Cash and cash equivalents................................... $ 8,252 $ 47,625 ======== ======== Total debt (including current maturities): Revolving credit facility................................. $ 93,697 $ -- Obligations under capital leases.......................... 8,151 8,151 % Senior Notes due 2008 offered hereby............... -- 150,000 6% Convertible subordinated notes due 2004................ 107,763 97,909 5.9% Convertible subordinated notes due 2005.............. 19,613 15,613 Other debt................................................ 4,529 4,529 -------- -------- Total debt........................................... 233,753 276,202 -------- -------- Shareholders' equity: Common stock.............................................. 47,856 47,856 Additional paid-in capital................................ 29,158 29,158 Retained earnings......................................... 104,083 105,540 -------- -------- Total shareholders' equity........................... 181,097 182,554 -------- -------- Total capitalization................................. $414,850 $458,756 ======== ========
13 UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA The following unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information is based on our historical consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report, adjusted to give pro forma effect to the following, which we collectively referred to as the "transactions": (1) the issuance of the notes, (2) the repayment of amounts outstanding under our existing credit facility and (3) the redemption of $14.0 million in face value of our convertible subordinated notes. The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2001 gives effect to the transactions as if they had occurred on June 30, 2001. The unaudited pro forma consolidated statements of income data for the year ended December 31, 2000 and the six months ended June 30, 2001 give effect to the transactions as if they had occurred at the beginning of the respective periods. The unaudited pro forma condensed adjustments are based upon available information and certain assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial statements do not purport to represent what our results of operations or financial condition would actually have been had the transactions occurred on such dates, nor do they purport to project our results of operations or financial condition for any future period or date. The information set forth below should be read together with the other financial information contained in sections entitled "Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report or in our prior filings of periodic reports.
ACTUAL JUNE 30, PRO FORMA 2001 ADJUSTMENTS PRO FORMA -------- ----------- --------- (In thousands) BALANCE SHEET DATA: ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents................................. $ 8,252 $ 39,373(1) $ 47,625 Other current assets...................................... 179,331 179,331 -------- -------- Total current assets................................... 187,583 226,956 Other assets................................................ 309,776 5,500(2) 315,276 -------- -------- Total assets........................................... $497,359 $542,232 ======== ======== LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities, excluding current maturities of long-term debt............................................ $ 74,913 967(3) $ 75,880 Long-term debt (including current maturities): Credit facility with banks................................ 93,697 (93,697)(4) -- 6% convertible subordinated notes due 2004................ 107,763 (9,854)(5) 97,909 5.9% convertible subordinated notes due 2005.............. 19,613 (4,000)(6) 15,613 Senior notes due 2008..................................... -- 150,000(7) 150,000 Obligations under capital leases.......................... 8,151 8,151 Notes payable and other................................... 4,529 4,529 -------- -------- Total long-term debt................................... 233,753 276,202 Other long-term liabilities................................. 7,596 7,596 -------- -------- Total liabilities...................................... 316,262 359,678 Shareholders' equity........................................ 181,097 1,457(8) 182,554 -------- -------- Total liabilities and shareholders' equity............. $497,359 $542,232 ======== ========
14
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2000 SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2001 ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------ PRO FORMA PRO FORMA ACTUAL ADJUSTMENTS PRO FORMA ACTUAL ADJUSTMENTS PRO FORMA -------- ----------- --------- -------- ----------- --------- (In thousands) STATEMENT OF INCOME DATA: Revenues.................... $865,796 $865,796 $440,770 $440,770 Facility and program expenses.................. 763,576 763,576 397,920 397,920 -------- -------- -------- -------- Facility and program contribution.............. 102,220 -- 102,220 42,850 -- 42,850 Operating expenses.......... 54,838 54,838 28,211 28,211 -------- -------- -------- -------- Operating income............ 47,382 -- 47,382 14,639 -- 14,639 Interest, net............... 22,559 2,012(9) 24,571 9,804 2,332(9) 12,136 -------- -------- -------- -------- Income before income taxes..................... 24,823 (2,012) 22,811 4,835 (2,332) 2,503 Income tax expense.......... 10,647 (802)(10) 9,845 2,103 (930)(10) 1,173 -------- -------- -------- -------- Income from continuing operations................ $ 14,176 $ (1,210) $ 12,966 $ 2,732 $ (1,402) $ 1,330 ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== Basic and diluted earnings per share................. $ 0.58 $ (0.05) $ 0.53 $ 0.11 $ (0.06) $ 0.05 ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ========
--------------- (1) Cash and cash equivalents -- to reflect adjustments to record the following (in thousands): To record the proceeds from the issuance of the 10.5% senior notes..................................................... $150,000 To record the repayment of amounts outstanding under the existing credit facility.................................. (93,697) To record the redemption of a portion of the 5.9% convertible subordinated notes............................ (3,080) To record the redemption of a portion of the 6% convertible subordinated notes........................................ (8,350) To record the payment of transaction fees associated with the issuance of the 10.5% senior notes.................... (5,500) -------- $ 39,373 ========
(2) To record the deferred financing costs related to the issuance of the senior notes. (3) To record the liability for income taxes on the gain on the redemption of the convertible subordinated notes. (4) To record the repayment of amounts outstanding under the existing credit facility with banks. (5) To record the repayment of a portion of the outstanding 6% convertible subordinated notes due 2004. The pro forma adjustment assumes redemption of the 6% notes at 84.7% of face value. (6) To record the repayment of a portion of the outstanding 5.9% convertible subordinated notes due 2004. The pro forma adjustment assumes redemption of the 5.9% notes at 77.0% of face value. (7) To record the issuance of the 10.5% senior notes. (8) To record the gain on redemption of the convertible subordinated notes of $2,424 (in thousands), net of applicable income taxes of $967 (in thousands). (9) Adjustments to reflect the expected increase in interest expense resulting from the issuance of the senior notes at an annual yield equal to 10.5%, amortization of the related senior note issuance costs, the repayment of the indebtedness under the existing credit facility with banks and the redemption of portions of the convertible subordinated notes.
YEAR ENDED SIX MONTHS DECEMBER 31, ENDED 2000 JUNE 30, 2001 ------------ ------------- (In thousands) To record interest on senior notes at 10.5%................. $15,750 $7,875 To record amortization of senior note issuance costs........ 786 393 To eliminate interest on the existing credit facility which will be repaid............................................ (13,688) (5,518) Interest on convertible subordinated notes which will be repaid.................................................... (836) (418) ------- ------ $ 2,012 $2,332 ======= ======
(10) To record the tax impact of the pro forma adjustments described in note (9) above using a statutory tax rate of 39.88%. 15 SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA The following selected historical consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our historical consolidated financial statements and related notes and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included elsewhere in this report or in our prior filings of periodic reports. Some of the selected historical consolidated financial data for and as of each of the years ended December 31, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000 set forth below have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. Some of the selected historical consolidated financial data for and as of the six months ended June 30, 2001 and 2000 set forth below have been derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements from which the data below is derived contain all adjustments, which consist only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly our financial position and results of operations as of the applicable dates and for the applicable periods. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future. In June 1999, we completed a merger with PeopleServe, Inc. and in January 1997, we acquired the partnership interests in Premier Rehabilitation Centers. Both transactions were accounted for as poolings-of-interests. Accordingly, our selected historical consolidated financial data has been restated for all periods presented to include the financial condition and results of operations of PeopleServe and Premier. Statistical information included in "Operating Data" for years prior to the mergers has not been restated to reflect the operations of PeopleServe and Premier. The selected as adjusted historical consolidated financial data assumes that the offering was effective as of the beginning of the periods presented and assumes an interest rate of 10.5%. The as adjusted amounts may not be indicative of the results that actually would have occurred if the offering had been effective on the dates indicated, nor are they necessarily indicative of future operating results.
SIX MONTHS ENDED YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, JUNE 30, ---------------------------------------------------- ------------------- 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2000 2001 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) (Unaudited) STATEMENT OF INCOME DATA: Revenues.......................................... $315,589 $468,108 $702,914 $824,479 $865,796 $424,238 $440,770 Facility and program expenses..................... 279,568 405,977 604,760 716,469 763,576 371,465 397,920 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Facility and program contribution................. 36,021 62,131 98,154 108,010 102,220 52,773 42,850 Operating expenses: Corporate general and administrative........... 9,813 20,061 27,590 27,726 28,111 13,493 15,541 Depreciation and amortization.................. 6,104 9,808 18,561 21,107 22,308 10,993 10,851 Special charges (1)............................ -- -- -- 20,498 4,149 1,997 1,729 Other (income) expenses........................ (4) 46 (307) 40 270 239 90 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Total operating expenses, net..................... 15,913 29,915 45,844 69,371 54,838 26,722 28,211 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Operating income.................................. 20,108 32,216 52,310 38,639 47,382 26,051 14,639 Interest, net..................................... 3,368 5,598 13,894 18,750 22,559 11,005 9,804 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Income from continuing operations before income taxes............................................ 16,740 26,618 38,416 19,889 24,823 15,046 4,835 Income tax expense................................ 5,918 10,987 15,484 10,153 10,647 6,244 2,103 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Income from continuing operations................. 10,822 15,631 22,932 9,736 14,176 8,802 2,732 Gain from sale of unconsolidated affiliate, net of tax.............................................. -- -- -- 534 -- -- -- Cumulative effect of accounting change, net of tax.............................................. -- -- -- (3,932) -- -- -- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Net income........................................ $ 10,822 $ 15,631 $ 22,932 $ 6,338 $ 14,176 $ 8,802 $ 2,732 ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== Basic earnings per share: From continuing operations..................... $ 0.54 $ 0.69 $ 0.96 $ 0.40 $ 0.58 $ 0.36 $ 0.11 Net income..................................... 0.54 0.69 0.96 0.26 0.58 0.36 0.11 Diluted earnings per share: From continuing operations..................... 0.52 0.68 0.90 0.39 0.58 0.36 0.11 Net income..................................... 0.52 0.68 0.90 0.25 0.58 0.36 0.11
16
SIX MONTHS ENDED YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, JUNE 30, ---------------------------------------------------- ------------------- 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2000 2001 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) (Unaudited) OTHER STATEMENT OF INCOME DATA: EBITDAR(2)........................................ $ 33,582 $ 55,374 $ 92,655 $106,043 $ 98,975 $ 51,729 $ 41,547 EBITDAR margin(2)................................. 10.6% 11.8% 13.2% 12.9% 11.4% 12.2% 9.4% EBITDA(2)......................................... $ 26,212 $ 42,024 $ 70,871 $ 80,244 $ 73,839 $ 39,041 $ 27,219 EBITDA margin(2).................................. 8.3% 9.0% 10.1% 9.7% 8.5% 9.2% 6.2% Depreciation and amortization..................... $ 6,104 $ 9,808 $ 18,561 $ 21,107 $ 22,308 $ 10,993 $ 10,851 Facility rent(3).................................. 7,370 13,350 21,784 25,799 25,136 12,688 14,328 Maintenance capital expenditures(4)............... 7,297 10,518 10,734 12,166 9,322 4,202 3,211 OPERATING DATA: Number of facilities.............................. 421 524 1,379 2,350 2,400 2,400 2,400 Disabilities Services Segment: Total revenue.................................. $274,025 $405,495 $570,626 $654,553 $680,629 $334,003 $343,475 Persons served................................. 4,899 6,628 11,952 15,927 16,561 16,820 17,320 Capacity utilized.............................. 97.9% 98.2% 97.4% 97.0% 97.4% 98.0% 97.9% Youth Services Segment: Total revenue.................................. $ 41,564 $ 62,613 $132,288 $169,926 $185,167 $ 90,235 $ 97,295 Persons served................................. 2,605 5,323 8,395 8,340 9,410 8,448 9,186 Capacity utilized.............................. 97.6% 97.6% 97.9% 82.2% 96.4% 90.7% 93.8% SELECTED HISTORICAL RATIOS:(2)(5)(6) Ratio of EBITDAR to interest and facility rent.... 3.0x 2.8x 2.5x 2.3x 2.0x 2.1x 1.7x Ratio of EBITDA to interest expense............... 6.7x 6.4x 4.6x 4.0x 3.1x 3.4x 2.5x Ratio of total adjusted debt to EBITDAR........... 3.9x 4.8x 4.7x 4.7x 4.8x -- -- Ratio of total debt to EBITDA..................... 2.7x 3.7x 3.7x 3.6x 3.7x -- -- Percentage of total debt to total capitalization................................... 48.0% 55.7% 62.6% 64.1% 60.5% 64.1% 56.3% Ratio of earnings to fixed charges................ 3.7x 3.5x 2.7x 1.7x 1.8x 2.0x 1.3x BALANCE SHEET DATA: Working capital................................... $ 39,475 $106,001 $ 75,486 $102,141 $122,305 $119,758 $ 95,144 Total assets...................................... 190,029 344,301 493,793 523,131 536,106 551,098 497,359 Total debt, including capital leases.............. 71,105 156,316 258,762 291,713 272,277 309,053 233,753 Shareholders' equity.............................. 77,117 124,325 154,587 163,384 178,123 172,758 181,097 Days sales outstanding............................ 58 58 60 62 59 67 64
YEAR ENDED SIX MONTHS DECEMBER 31, ENDED JUNE 30, 2000 2001 ------------ -------------- AS ADJUSTED DATA:(6) As adjusted income from continuing operations............... $12,966 $1,330 As adjusted diluted earnings per share from continuing operations................................................ 0.53 0.05 As adjusted ratio of earnings to fixed charges.............. 1.7x 1.1x
--------------- (1) Special charges for the year ended December 31, 2000 include the following: (1) a charge of $1.8 million ($1.1 million net of tax, or $0.04 per share) related to the write-off of costs associated with the terminated management-led buyout, (2) a charge of $1.7 million ($1.0 million net of tax, or $0.04 per share) related to our 2000 restructuring plan and (3) a charge of $0.6 million for the settlement of a lawsuit. Special charges for the six months ended June 30, 2001 include a charge of approximately $1.6 million ($0.9 million net of tax, or $0.04 per share) for costs associated with the exit from Tennessee. Special charges for the six months ended June 30, 2000 include the charge related to the terminated management-led buyout. Special charges for 1999 include the charge of $20.5 million ($13.7 million net of tax, or $0.55 per share) recorded in connection with the PeopleServe merger. (2) EBITDA is defined as earnings from continuing operations before depreciation and amortization, net interest expense, income taxes and special charges. EBITDAR is defined as EBITDA before facility rent. EBITDA margin and EBITDAR margin are defined as EBITDA and EBITDAR, respectively, divided by total revenues. EBITDA and EBITDAR are commonly used as analytical indicators within the health care industry, and also serve as measures of leverage capacity and debt service ability. EBITDA and EBITDAR should not be considered as measures of financial performance under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, and the items excluded from EBITDA and EBITDAR are significant components in understanding and assessing financial performance. EBITDA and EBITDAR should not be considered in isolation or as alternatives to net income, cash 17 flows generated by operating, investing or financing activities or other financial statement data presented in the consolidated financial statements as indicators of financial performance or liquidity. Because EBITDA and EBITDAR are not measurements determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and are thus susceptible to varying calculations, EBITDA and EBITDAR as presented may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. (3) Facility rent is defined as land and building lease expense less amortization of any deferred gain on applicable sale and leaseback transactions. (4) Maintenance capital expenditures represent purchases of fixed assets excluding land, buildings and acquisitions of businesses. (5) Total adjusted debt is defined as total debt plus annual facility rent times a multiple of eight. (6) For the purpose of determining the ratio of earnings to fixed charges, earnings are defined as income before income taxes, plus fixed charges. Fixed charges consist of interest expense on all indebtedness and amortization of capitalized debt issuance costs. 18
EX-99.4 6 l91085aex99-4.txt EXHIBIT 99.4 Exhibit 99.4 FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This report contains numerous forward-looking statements about our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, dividends, financing plans, business strategies, capital or other expenditures, competitive positions, growth opportunities, plans and objectives of management, markets for debt securities and other matters. The words "estimate," "project," "intend," "expect," "believe," "forecast," and similar expressions are intended to identify these forward-looking statements, but some of these statements may use other phrasing. In addition, any statement in this report that is not a historical fact is a "forward-looking statement." Such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from historical results or from any results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. In addition to the specific risk factors described in Exhibit 99.5, important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: - changes in reimbursement rates, policies or payment practices by third-party payors, whether initiated by the payor or legislatively mandated; - the loss of major customers or contracts with federal or state government agencies; - impairment of our rights in our intellectual property; - increased or more effective competition; - changes in laws or regulations applicable to us or failure to comply with existing laws and regulations; - future health care or budget legislation or other health reform initiatives; - increased exposure to professional negligence liability, workers' compensation and health insurance claims; - changes in company-wide or business unit strategies; - the effectiveness of our advertising, marketing and promotional programs; and - increases in interest rates. Many of these factors are beyond our ability to control or predict, and readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we expressly disclaim any obligation to publicly release any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. EX-99.5 7 l91085aex99-5.txt EXHIBIT 99.5 Exhibit 99.5 RISK FACTORS You should carefully consider the risks described below in addition to the other information discussed in this report. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently consider to be immaterial may also materially and adversely affect our business operations. If any of the following risks actually occur, we could be materially adversely affected. RISKS RELATING TO OUR BUSINESS CHANGES IN FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL REIMBURSEMENT POLICIES COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR REVENUES, CASH FLOWS AND PROFITABILITY. Our revenues and operating profitability depend on our ability to maintain our existing reimbursement levels, to obtain periodic increases in reimbursement rates to meet higher costs and demand for more services, and to receive timely payment from applicable governmental agencies. If we do not receive or cannot negotiate increases in reimbursement rates at approximately the same time as our costs of providing services increase, our revenues and profitability could be adversely affected. Changes in how federal and state governmental agencies operate reimbursement programs can also affect our operating results and financial condition. Government reimbursement, group home credentialing and MR/DD client Medicaid eligibility and service authorization procedures are often complicated and burdensome, and delays can result due to, among other reasons, documentation errors or delays. These reimbursement issues occasionally cause us to resubmit claims for repayment and are primarily responsible for our aged receivables. Approximately 21% of our accounts receivable have aged 360 or more days as of June 30, 2001. Changes in the manner in which state agencies set reimbursement rates, interpret program policies and procedures, and review and audit billings and costs could also affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and our ability to meet obligations under our indebtedness. LABOR SHORTAGES COULD REDUCE OUR MARGINS AND PROFITABILITY AND ADVERSELY AFFECT THE QUALITY OF OUR CARE. Our labor costs have a significant impact on our profitability. A variety of factors, including labor shortages, local competition for workers, turnover, changes in minimum wages or other direct personnel costs, strikes or work stoppages, can increase our labor costs and reduce our operating margins. If conditions in labor markets make it difficult to fill professional and direct service staff positions, we may have to enhance our wage and benefit packages to compete in the hiring and retention of qualified personnel. We also may have to increase overtime pay, enhance our recruitment, retention and training programs, and use temporary personnel and outside clinical consultants to meet staffing needs. Difficulties in attracting and maintaining a sufficient number of qualified personnel could adversely affect the quality of our care. If we are not successful in maintaining and effectively utilizing our personnel, the resulting increases in our labor costs or impacts on our quality of care would reduce our profitability. IF WE CANNOT MAINTAIN OR IMPROVE OUR CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES FOR MANAGING OUR BILLING AND COLLECTING, OUR BUSINESS, RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, FINANCIAL CONDITION AND ABILITY TO SATISFY OUR OBLIGATIONS UNDER OUR INDEBTEDNESS COULD BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED. The collection of accounts receivable is among our most significant management challenges and requires continual focus and involvement by members of our senior management team. Many of our accounts receivable controls have been managed through manual procedures, so we are expending significant effort and resources to implement new billing and collection systems. The limitations of state management systems and procedures, such as the inability to receive documentation or disperse funds electronically, may limit any benefits we derive from our new systems. We can provide no assurance that we will be able to maintain our current levels of collectibility and days sales outstanding in future periods. If we cannot maintain or improve our controls and procedures for managing our billing and collecting, we 1 may be unable to collect certain accounts receivable, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and ability to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness. OUR INSURANCE COVERAGE AND SELF-INSURANCE RESERVES MAY NOT COVER FUTURE CLAIMS. During the last year, changes in the market for insurance, particularly for professional and general liability coverage, have made it more difficult to obtain insurance coverage at reasonable rates. As a result, our insurance program for the current year provides for higher deductibles, lower claims limits and higher self-insurance retention reserves than in previous years. Our professional and general liability coverage provides for a $250,000 deductible per occurrence, and claims limits of $5 million per occurrence up to a $6 million annual aggregate limit. Our previous program generally provided coverage after a deductible of $10,000 per occurrence and claims limits of $1 million per occurrence up to a $3 million annual aggregate limit, plus varying amounts of excess coverage. Our workers' compensation coverage provides for a $500,000 deductible per occurrence, and claims up to statutory limits, as compared to a $250,000 deductible per occurrence under our previous policy. We have limited historical data on which to estimate our reserves, which increases the difficulty of establishing adequate reserves for all of our insurance programs. If losses on asserted claims exceed our current insurance coverage and accrued reserves, our business, results of operations, financial condition and ability to meet obligations under our indebtedness could be adversely affected. WE WILL HAVE A SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNT OF DEBT, WHICH COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR BUSINESS, FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND COULD PREVENT US FROM FULFILLING OUR OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE NOTES. At June 30, 2001, our total long-term debt (including current maturities), after giving effect to the offering and the application of the net proceeds from the offering, accounted for approximately 60% of our total capitalization. In addition, subject to restrictions in the indenture covering the notes and the indentures covering our two series of convertible notes, we may incur additional indebtedness. The degree to which we are leveraged could have important consequences, including: - making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations under the notes or other indebtedness, which could result in an event of default under the notes or our other debt; - requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to make required payments on indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of cash flow for working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes; - limiting our ability to obtain additional financing in the future; - limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate; - impairing our ability to withstand a downturn in our business or in the economy generally; and - placing us at a competitive disadvantage against other less leveraged competitors. The occurrence of any one of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as our ability to satisfy our obligations under the notes. WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO GENERATE SUFFICIENT CASH FLOW TO MEET OUR DEBT SERVICE OBLIGATIONS. Our ability to generate sufficient cash flow from operations to make scheduled payments on our debt obligations will depend on our future financial performance, which will be affected by a range of economic, competitive and business factors, many of which are outside of our control. If we do not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to satisfy our debt obligations, including payments on the notes, we may have to undertake alternative financing plans, such as refinancing or restructuring our debt, selling assets, reducing or delaying capital investments or seeking to raise additional capital. We cannot assure you that any 2 refinancing would be possible, that any assets could be sold, or, if sold, of the timing of the sales and the amount of proceeds realized from those sales, or that additional financing could be obtained on acceptable terms, if at all. Our inability to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy our debt obligations, or to refinance our obligations on commercially reasonable terms, would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as on our ability to satisfy our obligations under the notes. OUR INDUSTRY IS SUBJECT TO SUBSTANTIAL GOVERNMENTAL REGULATION. We must comply with comprehensive government regulation of our business, including statutes, regulations and policies governing the licensing of our facilities, the quality of our service, the revenues we receive for our services, and reimbursement for the cost of our services. If we fail to comply with these laws, we can lose contracts and revenues, thereby harming our financial results. State and federal regulatory agencies have broad discretionary powers over the administration and enforcement of laws and regulations that govern our operations. A material violation of a law or regulation could subject us to fines and penalties and in some circumstances could disqualify some or all of the facilities and programs under our control from future participation in Medicaid reimbursement programs. Furthermore, future regulation or legislation affecting our programs may require us to change our operations significantly or incur increased costs. EVENTS THAT HARM OUR REPUTATION WITH GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES AND ADVOCACY GROUPS COULD REDUCE OUR REVENUES AND OPERATING RESULTS. Our success in obtaining new contracts and renewals of our existing contracts depends upon maintaining our reputation as a quality service provider among governmental authorities, advocacy groups for persons with developmental disabilities and their families, and the public. We also rely on governmental entities to refer individuals to our facilities and programs. Negative publicity, changes in public perception, the actions of consumers under our care or investigations with respect to our industry, operations or policies could increase government scrutiny, increase compliance costs, hinder our ability to obtain or retain contracts, reduce referrals, discourage privatization of facilities and programs, and discourage consumers from using our services. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our financial results and condition. OUR OPERATIONS MAY SUBJECT US TO SUBSTANTIAL LITIGATION. Our management of residential, training, educational and support programs for our clients exposes us to potential claims or litigation by our clients or other persons for wrongful death, personal injury or other damages resulting from contact with our facilities, programs, personnel or other clients. Regulatory agencies may initiate administrative proceedings alleging violations of statutes and regulations arising from our programs and facilities and seeking to impose monetary penalties on us. We could be required to pay substantial amounts of money in damages or penalties arising from these legal proceedings, and some awards of damages or penalties may not be covered by any insurance. If our third-party insurance coverage and self-insurance reserves are not adequate to cover these claims, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and ability to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness. WE MAY NOT REALIZE ANTICIPATED FINANCIAL BENEFITS FROM OUR IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW INFORMATION SYSTEMS. Our financial results depend on timely billing of payor agencies, effectively managing our collections, and efficiently utilizing our personnel to manage our labor costs. We are implementing a new comprehensive billing and collections system and an interactive time and attendance system that we believe will improve our management of these functions, improve our collections experience, and reduce our operating expenses. Our financial results and condition may be adversely affected if we do not realize 3 the anticipated benefits from our investment in these new information systems or if we encounter delays or errors during system implementation. WE DEPEND ON GOVERNMENT FUNDING FOR VIRTUALLY ALL OF OUR REVENUES. We derive virtually all of our revenues from federal, state and local governmental agencies, including state Medicaid programs. Our revenues therefore are determined by the size of the governmental appropriations for the services we provide. Budgetary pressures, as well as economic, industry, political and other factors, could influence governments not to increase (and possibly to decrease) appropriations for these services, which could reduce our margins materially. Future federal or state initiatives could institute managed care programs for persons we serve or otherwise make material changes to the Medicaid system as it now exists. Federal, state and local governmental agencies generally condition their contracts with us upon a sufficient budgetary appropriation. If a governmental agency does not receive an appropriation sufficient to cover its contractual obligations with us, it may terminate a contract or defer or reduce our compensation. The loss of, or reduction of, compensation under our contracts could have a material adverse effect on our operations. OUR INABILITY TO RENEW OUR EXISTING CONTRACTS WITH GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES AND TO OBTAIN ADDITIONAL CONTRACTS WOULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR REVENUES. We derive virtually all of our revenues from contracts with federal, state and local governments and governmental agencies. If we cannot maintain and renew our existing service contracts on favorable terms and obtain new contracts, our ability to grow our business will be substantially impaired. Many of our contracts are subject to government procurement rules and procedures, which may change from time-to-time. Government contracts are generally subject to audits and reviews involving an assessment of our performance under the contract, our reported costs and our compliance with applicable laws and regulations. The results of an audit or review could cause the termination of a license, reducing our ability to continue or renew a related contract. Some contracts are subject to competitive bidding, and our clients generally may terminate their contracts with us for cause and upon other specified conditions. Although we typically have multiple contracts within each state, the loss of significant contracts, or their renewal on less favorable terms, could adversely affect our revenues and profitability. IF DOWNSIZING AND PRIVATIZATION IN OUR INDUSTRY DO NOT CONTINUE, OUR BUSINESS MAY NOT CONTINUE TO GROW. Our growth depends on the continuation of trends in our industry toward providing services to individuals with MR/DD in smaller, community-based settings, increasing the percentage of individuals with MR/DD served by non-governmental providers, and increasing the percentage of the market for MR/ DD programs served by well-capitalized, for-profit providers. The continuation of these trends, and therefore our future success, is subject to a variety of political, economic, social and legal pressures, including the desire of governmental agencies to reduce costs and improve levels of service, budgetary constraints, and pressure brought by advocacy groups to change existing service delivery systems. A reversal in the downsizing and privatization trends could reduce the demand for our services, which could adversely affect our revenues and profitability. WE OPERATE IN A HIGHLY COMPETITIVE INDUSTRY, WHICH CAN ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR RESULTS. We compete with other for-profit companies, not-for-profit entities, and governmental agencies for contracts. Competitive factors may favor other providers, thereby reducing our success in obtaining contracts, which in turn would hinder our growth. Non-profit providers may be affiliated with advocacy groups, health organizations, or religious organizations who have substantial influence with legislators and government agencies. States may give preferences to non-profit organizations in awarding contracts. Non-profit providers also may have access to government subsidies, foundation grants, tax deductible contributions and other financial resources not available to us. Governmental agencies and non-profit providers may be subject to limits on liability that do not apply to us. In some markets, smaller local 4 companies may have a better understanding of local conditions and may be better able to gain political and public influence than we can. The competitive advantages enjoyed by other providers may decrease our ability to procure contracts and limit our revenues. OUR QUARTERLY OPERATING RESULTS FLUCTUATE SIGNIFICANTLY. Our quarterly results of operations may fluctuate significantly due to a variety of factors, including the timing of Medicaid rate adjustments by the various states in which we operate, the cumulative effect of rate adjustments differing from previous estimates, the timing of acquisitions or the opening of new programs and other matters. Results for any particular quarter may not be indicative of future quarterly or annual results. WE MAY DECIDE TO MAKE ACQUISITIONS OR INVESTMENTS IN THE FUTURE THAT COULD TURN OUT TO BE UNSUCCESSFUL. We may in the future pursue acquisitions of businesses or the establishment of joint venture arrangements that could expand our business. The negotiation of potential acquisitions or joint ventures as well as the integration of an acquired or jointly developed business could cause diversion of our management's time and resources. In addition, we may fail to successfully integrate acquired businesses with our operations or successfully realize the intended benefits of any acquisition or joint venture. RISKS RELATING TO THE OFFERING THE NOTES ARE EFFECTIVELY SUBORDINATED TO OUR SECURED INDEBTEDNESS AND STRUCTURALLY SUBORDINATED TO THE LIABILITIES OF OUR SUBSIDIARIES THAT DO NOT GUARANTEE THE NOTES. The notes will be our unsecured obligations and will be effectively subordinated to our secured indebtedness. The effect of this subordination is that if we or a subsidiary guarantor are involved in a bankruptcy, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or similar proceeding or upon a default in payment on, or the acceleration of, any indebtedness under our existing credit agreement or other secured indebtedness, our assets and those of the subsidiary guarantors that secure indebtedness will be available to pay obligations on the notes only after all indebtedness under the credit agreement and other secured indebtedness have been paid in full from those assets. We may not have sufficient assets remaining to pay amounts due on any or all of the notes then outstanding. The notes will also be structurally subordinated to all existing and future obligations, including indebtedness, of our subsidiaries that do not guarantee the notes, and the claims of creditors of these subsidiaries, including trade creditors, will have priority as to the assets of these subsidiaries. THE RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED BY OUR EXISTING INDEBTEDNESS MAY LIMIT OUR ABILITY TO OPERATE OUR BUSINESS. Our existing credit facility prohibits us from prepaying certain of our other indebtedness, requires us to comply with specified financial ratios and tests, and restricts our ability to: - incur additional indebtedness or issue preferred or redeemable stock; - pay dividends and make other distributions; - enter into certain mergers or consolidations; - enter into sale and leaseback transactions; - create liens; and - sell and otherwise dispose of assets. We expect our new credit facility to include similar restrictive covenants. We cannot assure you that these restrictions will not adversely affect our ability to finance our future operations or capital needs or engage in other business activities that may be in our interest. We also cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to comply with these covenants and ratios. If we commit a breach of any of these 5 covenants, ratios or tests, we could be in default under one or more of the agreements governing our indebtedness, which could require us to immediately pay all amounts outstanding under those agreements or prohibit us from making draws on our existing credit facility. If payments of our outstanding indebtedness were to be accelerated, we cannot assure you that our assets would be sufficient to repay our indebtedness. WE MAY BE UNABLE TO RAISE FUNDS NECESSARY TO REPURCHASE THE NOTES UPON A CHANGE OF CONTROL. Upon a change of control, we will be required to offer to repurchase all outstanding notes at 101% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest and liquidated damages, if any, to the date of repurchase. However, we cannot assure you that we will have sufficient funds available at the time of a change of control to make the required repurchases or that restrictions in our credit facility will allow us to make these required repurchases. Notwithstanding these provisions, we could enter into certain transactions, including certain recapitalizations, that would not constitute a change of control but would increase the amount of debt outstanding at such time. THERE IS NO PUBLIC MARKET FOR THE NOTES, AND THERE ARE RESTRICTIONS ON THE RESALE OF THE NOTES. We have not registered the notes under the Securities Act. Accordingly, the notes may only be offered or sold pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act or pursuant to an effective registration statement. We are required to commence an exchange offer for the notes, or to register resales of the notes under the Securities Act, within certain time periods. However, there is no existing market for the notes and, although the notes are expected to be eligible for trading on The PORTAL Market(SM), we cannot assure the liquidity of any markets that may develop for the notes, the ability of holders of the notes to sell their notes or the prices at which holders would be able to sell their notes. Future trading prices of the notes will depend on many factors, including, among others, our ability to effect the exchange offer, prevailing interest rates, our operating results and the market for similar securities. The initial purchasers have advised us that they currently intend to make a market in the notes. However, they are not obligated to do so and any market making may be discontinued at any time without notice. We do not intend to apply for listing of the notes on any securities exchange. FEDERAL AND STATE STATUTES ALLOW COURTS, UNDER SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES, TO VOID GUARANTEES AND REQUIRE NOTEHOLDERS TO RETURN PAYMENTS RECEIVED FROM GUARANTORS. Under the applicable provisions of federal bankruptcy law or comparable provisions of state fraudulent transfer law, the notes and the subsidiary guarantees could be voided, or claims in respect of the notes or the subsidiary guarantees could be subordinated to all of our other debts or the debts of those guarantors, if, among other things, our company or any guarantor, at the time it incurred the indebtedness evidenced by the notes or its subsidiary guarantee: - received or receives less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration for incurring such indebtedness; and - was or is insolvent or rendered insolvent by reason of such occurrence; or - was or is engaged in a business or transaction for which the assets remaining with our company or such guarantor constituted unreasonably small capital; or - intended or intends to incur, or believed or believes that it would incur, debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature. In addition, the payment of interest and principal by us pursuant to the notes or the payment of amounts by a guarantor pursuant to a subsidiary guarantee could be voided and required to be returned to the person making such payment, or to a fund for the benefit of our creditors or such guarantor, as the case may be. 6 The measures of insolvency for purposes of the foregoing considerations will vary depending upon the law applied in any proceeding with respect to the foregoing. Generally, however, our company or a guarantor would be considered insolvent if: - the sum of its debts, including contingent liabilities, were greater than the saleable value of all its assets at a fair valuation; - the present fair saleable value of its assets were less than the amount that would be required to pay its probable liability on its existing debts, including contingent liabilities, as they become absolute and mature; or - it could not pay its debts as they become due. To the extent a subsidiary guarantee is voided as a fraudulent conveyance or held unenforceable for any other reason, the holders of the notes would not have any claim against that subsidiary and would be creditors solely of us and any other subsidiary guarantors whose guarantees are not held unenforceable. 7