XML 18 R9.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v2.4.0.6
Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements Disclosure And Significant Accounting Policies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of United Bancorp, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, United Bank & Trust (“UBT” or “the Bank”) after elimination of significant intercompany transactions and accounts. The Company is engaged 100% in the business of commercial and retail banking, including trust and investment services, with operations conducted through its offices located in Lenawee, Washtenaw, Livingston and Monroe Counties in southeastern Michigan. These counties are the source of substantially all of the Company's deposit, loan, trust and investment activities.

Effective April 1, 2010, the Company completed the consolidation of its subsidiary banks, United Bank & Trust and United Bank & Trust – Washtenaw. Under the consolidation, United Bank & Trust – Washtenaw was consolidated and merged with and into United Bank & Trust, and the consolidated bank operates under the charter and name of United Bank & Trust.

Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period as well as affecting the disclosures provided. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The allowance for loan losses, loan servicing rights and the fair values of financial instruments are particularly subject to change.

Securities
Securities available for sale consist of bonds and notes that might be sold prior to maturity. Securities classified as available for sale are reported at their fair values and the related net unrealized holding gain or loss is reported in other comprehensive income. Premiums and discounts on securities are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the period to maturity. Realized gains or losses are based upon the amortized cost of the specific securities sold.

Loans Held for Sale
Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or market value in the aggregate. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized in a valuation allowance by charges to income.

Loans
Loans that Management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at the principal balance outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs and the allowance for loan losses. Interest income is reported on the interest method and includes amortization of net deferred loan fees and costs over the loan term. Loans are placed on non-accrual status at ninety days or more past due and interest is considered a loss, unless the loan is well-secured and in the process of collection.

 
Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level believed adequate by management to absorb probable incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio. The allowance is increased by provisions for loan losses charged to income. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes a loan is uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. This policy applies to each of the Company’s portfolio segments.

The Company’s established methodology for evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses considers both components of the allowance; (1) specific allowances allocated to loans evaluated individually for impairment under the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Section 310-10-35 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), and (2) allowances calculated for pools of loans evaluated collectively for impairment under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20. Until the third quarter of 2011, the Company’s past loan loss experience was determined by evaluating the average charge-offs over the most recent eight quarters. Effective September 30, 2011, the Company changed its allocation methodology as described in detail below.

For the quarter ended September 30, 2011, the Company changed its methodology for evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses by revising and enhancing the methodology for loans evaluated collectively for impairment. Under its new methodology, the Company revised and further disaggregated its pools of loans evaluated collectively for impairment. Similar to the prior methodology, pools are analyzed by general loan types, and further analyzed by collateral types, where appropriate. However, under the new methodology, pools are further disaggregated by internal credit risk ratings for commercial loans, commercial mortgages and construction loans and by delinquency status for residential mortgages, consumer loans and all other loan types.

Allowance allocations for each pool are determined through a migration analysis based on activity for the period beginning March 2008. The analysis computes loss rates based on a probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”). Allowance allocations were previously computed based on weighted average charge-off rates as opposed to the use of credit migration matrices, which computes PDs and LGDs based on historical losses as loans migrate through the various risk rating or delinquency categories. The March 2008 date was selected in an effort to capture sufficient data points to provide a meaningful migration analysis using available data in comparable formats.

Under both the current and previous methodologies, loss rates are adjusted to consider qualitative factors such as economic conditions and trends, among others. However, under the new methodology, the Company applies a more detailed analysis of qualitative factors that are assessed on a quarterly basis based upon gradings specific to the Company, as well as regional economic metrics. As of September 30, 2011, the allowance for loan losses for loans evaluated collectively for impairment decreased from $15.6 million under the Company’s prior methodology to $11.9 million under the new methodology.

Loan impairment is reported when full payment under the loan terms is not expected. Impaired loans are carried at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan's existing rate, or the fair value of collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. A portion of the allowance for loan losses is allocated to impaired loans if the value of such loans is deemed to be less than the unpaid balance. If these allocations require an increase in the allowance for loan losses, that increase is recorded as a component of the provision for loan losses. Loans are evaluated for impairment when payments are delayed or when the internal grading system indicates a substandard or doubtful classification. This policy applies to each class of the Company’s loan portfolio.

Impairment is evaluated in total for smaller-balance loans of similar nature, such as residential mortgage, consumer, home equity and second mortgage loans. Commercial loans and mortgage loans secured by other properties are evaluated individually for impairment. When credit analysis of borrower operating results and financial condition indicates that underlying cash flows of the borrower's business are not adequate to meet its debt service requirements, including loans to the borrower by United Bank & Trust (the “Bank”), the loan is evaluated for impairment. Often this is associated with a delay or shortfall of payments of thirty days or more. Loans are generally moved to nonaccrual status when ninety days or more past due or in bankruptcy. These loans are often also considered impaired. Impaired loans are charged off, in part or in full, when deemed uncollectible. This typically occurs when the loan is 120 or more days past due, unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection. This policy applies to each class of the Company’s loan portfolio.

Premises and Equipment
Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. The provisions for depreciation are computed principally by the straight-line method, based on useful lives of ten to forty years for premises and three to eight years for equipment.

Other Real Estate Owned
Other real estate consists of properties acquired through foreclosure or acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure and property acquired for possible future expansion. Real estate properties acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are to be sold and are initially recorded at fair value, less estimated selling costs, at the date of foreclosure establishing a new cost basis. After foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed and the real estate is carried at the lower of cost basis or fair value, less estimated selling costs. The historical average holding period for such properties is less than eighteen months. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, other real estate owned totaled $3,657,000 and $4,278,000, and is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Servicing Rights
Servicing rights are recognized as assets for the allocated value of retained servicing on loans sold. Servicing rights are expensed in proportion to, and over the period of, estimated net servicing revenues. Impairment is evaluated based on the fair value of the rights, using groupings of the underlying loans as to interest rates, remaining loan terms and prepayment characteristics. Any impairment of a grouping is reported as a valuation allowance.

Long-term Assets
Long-term assets are reviewed for impairment when events indicate their carrying amount may not be recoverable from future undiscounted cash flows. If impaired, the assets are written down to their fair value.

Income Tax
The Company records income tax expense based on the amount of taxes due on its tax return plus deferred taxes computed based on the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, using enacted tax rates, adjusted for allowances made for uncertainty regarding the realization of deferred tax assets. The Company has no uncertain tax positions as defined by The Tax Position Topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”) Topic 740-10-05

The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense. The Company files consolidated income tax returns with its subsidiaries. With a few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2010.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Amounts reported as earnings or loss per share are based on income or loss available to common shareholders divided by weighted average shares outstanding. Income or loss available to common shareholders is calculated by subtracting dividends on preferred stock and the accretion of discount on preferred stock from net income or loss. Weighted average shares outstanding include the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the weighted average number of contingently issuable shares associated with the Directors' and Senior Management Group's deferred stock plans.

Stock Based Compensation
At December 31, 2011, the Company has a stock-based employee compensation plan, which is described more fully in Note 16. The Company’s disclosure regarding this plan is in accordance with the fair value recognition provisions of FASB ASC Topic 718-10.

Statements of Cash Flows
 For purposes of this Statement, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand balances with banks, and federal funds sold. Federal funds are generally sold for one-day periods. The Company reports net cash flows for client loan and deposit transactions, deposits made with other financial institutions, and short-term borrowings with an original maturity of ninety days or less.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income or loss and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes net unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale, net of tax, which are also recognized as separate components of shareholders' equity.

Industry Segment
The Company and its subsidiary are primarily organized to operate in the banking industry. Substantially all revenues and services are derived from banking products and services in southeastern Michigan. While the Company's chief decision makers monitor various products and services, operations are managed and financial performance is evaluated on a company-wide basis. Accordingly, all of the Company's banking operations are considered by Management to be aggregated in one business segment.

 
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
ASU No. 2011-02; A Creditor’s Determination of Whether a Restructuring Is a Troubled Debt Restructuring (“TDR”). In April 2011, FASB issued ASU No. 2011-02, intended to provide additional guidance to assist creditors in determining whether a restructuring of a receivable meets the criteria to be considered a troubled debt restructuring. The amendments in this ASU are effective for the first interim or annual period beginning on or after June 15, 2011, and are to be applied retrospectively to the beginning of the annual period of adoption. As a result of applying these amendments, an entity may identify receivables that are newly considered impaired. The Company adopted the methodologies prescribed by this ASU effective with its third quarter 2011 financial statements.

ASU No. 2011-03; Reconsideration of Effective Control for Repurchase Agreements. In April 2011, FASB issued ASU No. 2011-03. The amendments in this ASU remove from the assessment of effective control the criterion relating to the transferor’s ability to repurchase or redeem financial assets on substantially the agreed terms, even in the event of default by the transferee. The amendments in this ASU also eliminate the requirement to demonstrate that the transferor possesses adequate collateral to fund substantially all the cost of purchasing replacement financial assets.

The guidance in this ASU is effective for the first interim or annual period beginning on or after December 15, 2011. The guidance is to be applied prospectively to transactions or modifications of existing transactions that occur on or after the effective date. Early adoption is not permitted. The Company will adopt the methodologies prescribed by this ASU by the date required, and does not anticipate that the ASU will have a material effect on its financial position or results of operations.

ASU No. 2011-04; Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs. In May 2011, FASB issued ASU No. 2011-04. The amendments in this ASU generally represent clarifications of Topic 820, but also include some instances where a particular principle or requirement for measuring fair value or disclosing information about fair value measurements has changed. This ASU results in common principles and requirements for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements in accordance with U.S. GAAP and IFRSs.

The amendments in this ASU are to be applied prospectively. For public entities, the amendments are effective during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. Early application by public entities is not permitted. The Company will adopt the methodologies prescribed by this ASU by the date required, and does not anticipate that the ASU will have a material effect on its financial position or results of operations.

ASU No. 2011-05 and ASU 2011-12; Amendments to Topic 220, Comprehensive Income. In June 2011, FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05. Under the amendments in this ASU, an entity has the option to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. In both choices, an entity is required to present each component of net income along with total net income, each component of other comprehensive income along with a total for other comprehensive income, and a total amount for comprehensive income. This ASU eliminates the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholders' equity. The amendments in this ASU do not change the items that must be reported in other comprehensive income or when an item of other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income.

The amendments in this ASU should be applied retrospectively. For public entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. Early adoption is permitted, because compliance with the amendments is already permitted. The amendments do not require any transition disclosures. The Company adopted the methodologies prescribed by this ASU effective with its third quarter financial statements.

In December, 2011, FASB issued ASU 2011-12, which included additional information to supersede certain pending paragraphs in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05 to effectively defer only those changes in Update 2011-05 that relate to the presentation of reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income. The amendments will be temporary to allow the Board time to redeliberate the presentation requirements for reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income for annual and interim financial statements for public, private, and non-profit entities.

Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-09—Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Multiemployer Plans (Subtopic 715–80); On September 21, 2011, FASB issued ASU 2011-09. The amendments in this update require additional disclosures about an employer's participation in a multiemployer plan. For public entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual periods for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2011, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied retrospectively for all prior periods presented. The Company does not participate in multiemployer plans as defined by the ASU, and does not anticipate that adoption of this ASU will have an impact on its financial position or results of operations.

Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-10—Property, Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360); On December 14, 2011, FASB issued ASU 2011-10. The objective of the amendments in this Update is to resolve the diversity in practice about whether the guidance in Subtopic 360-20, Property, Plant, and Equipment—Real Estate Sales, applies to a parent that ceases to have a controlling financial interest (as described in Subtopic 810-10, Consolidation—Overall) in a subsidiary that is in substance real estate as a result of default on the subsidiary’s nonrecourse debt. This Update does not address whether the guidance in Subtopic 360-20 would apply to other circumstances when a parent ceases to have a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary that is in substance real estate.

The amendments in this Update should be applied on a prospective basis to deconsolidation events occurring after the effective date. Prior periods should not be adjusted even if the reporting entity has continuing involvement with previously derecognized in substance real estate entities. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not anticipate that adoption of this ASU will have an impact on its financial position or results of operations.

Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-11—Balance Sheet (Topic 210). In December 2011, FASB issued ASU 2011-11. The objective of this Update is to provide enhanced disclosures that will enable users of its financial statements to evaluate the effect or potential effect of netting arrangements on an entity’s financial position. This includes the effect or potential effect of rights of setoff associated with an entity’s recognized assets and recognized liabilities within the scope of this Update. The amendments require enhanced disclosures by requiring improved information about financial instruments and derivative instruments that are either (1) offset in accordance with either Section 210-20-45 or Section 815-10-45 or (2) subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement, irrespective of whether they are offset in accordance with either Section 210-20-45 or Section 815-10-45.

An entity is required to apply the amendments for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and interim periods within those annual periods. An entity should provide the disclosures required by those amendments retrospectively for all comparative periods presented. The Company will adopt the methodologies prescribed by this ASU by the date required, and does not anticipate that the ASU will have a material effect on its financial position or results of operations.

Current Economic Conditions
The current protracted economic decline continues to present financial institutions with circumstances and challenges that in many cases have resulted in large and unanticipated declines in the fair values of investments and other assets, constraints on liquidity and capital and significant credit quality problems, including severe volatility in the valuation of real estate and other collateral supporting loans. The financial statements have been prepared using values and information currently available to the Company.

At December 31, 2011, the Company held $2.6 million in commercial real estate and $269.3 million in loans collateralized by commercial and development real estate. Due to national, state and local economic conditions, values for commercial and development real estate have declined significantly, and the market for these properties is depressed.

Given the volatility of current economic conditions, the values of assets and liabilities recorded in the financial statements could change rapidly, resulting in material future adjustments in asset values, the allowance for loan losses, capital that could negatively impact the Company’s ability to meet regulatory capital requirements and maintain sufficient liquidity.