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Allowance For Loan Losses And Credit Risk
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Allowance for Loan Losses [Abstract]  
Allowance For Loan Losses [Text Block]
NOTE 5 - ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES AND CREDIT RISK

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level believed adequate by management to absorb probable incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio. The allowance is increased by provisions for loan losses charged to income. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes a loan is uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. This policy applies to each of the Company’s portfolio segments.

The Company’s established methodology for evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses considers both components of the allowance; (1) specific allowances allocated to loans evaluated individually for impairment under the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Section 310-10-35 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), and (2) allowances calculated for pools of loans evaluated collectively for impairment under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20.

Prior to the fourth quarter of 2009, the Company determined its past loan loss experience by using a rolling twelve quarter historical approach. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2009, the Company began using a rolling eight quarter historical approach. The change in methodology was implemented as management believed this shorter period was more reflective of the current economic conditions at that time and that the collectively-evaluated allowance could be better estimated by using a shorter loss period rather than a longer loss period combined with a larger emphasis on estimating additional qualitative and environment factors. The impact of the change in methodology increased the allowance for loan losses in the fourth quarter of 2009 by approximately $235,000.

For the quarter ended September 30, 2011, the Company changed its methodology for evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses by revising and enhancing the methodology for loans evaluated collectively for impairment. Under its new methodology, the Company revised and further disaggregated its pools of loans evaluated collectively for impairment. Similar to the prior methodology, pools are analyzed by general loan types, and further analyzed by collateral types, where appropriate. However, under the new methodology, pools are further disaggregated by internal credit risk ratings for commercial loans, commercial mortgages and construction loans and by delinquency status for residential mortgages, consumer loans and all other loan types.

Allowance allocations for each pool are determined through a migration analysis based on activity for the period beginning March 2008. The analysis computes loss rates based on a probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”). Allowance allocations were previously computed based on weighted average charge-off rates as opposed to the use of credit migration matrices, which computes PDs and LGDs based on historical losses as loans migrate through the various risk rating or delinquency categories. The March 2008 date was selected in an effort to capture sufficient data points to provide a meaningful migration analysis using available data in comparable formats.

Under both the current and previous methodologies, loss rates are adjusted to consider qualitative factors such as economic conditions and trends, among others. However, under the new methodology, the Company applies a more detailed analysis of qualitative factors that are assessed on a quarterly basis based upon gradings specific to the Company, as well as regional economic metrics. As of September 30, 2011, the allowance for loan losses for loans evaluated collectively for impairment decreased from $15.6 million under the Company’s prior methodology to $11.9 million under the new methodology.

Loan impairment is reported when full payment under the loan terms is not expected. Impaired loans are carried at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan's existing rate, or the fair value of collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. A portion of the allowance for loan losses is allocated to impaired loans if the value of such loans is deemed to be less than the unpaid balance. If these allocations require an increase in the allowance for loan losses, that increase is recorded as a component of the provision for loan losses. Loans are evaluated for impairment when payments are delayed or when the internal grading system indicates a substandard or doubtful classification. This policy applies to each class of the Company’s loan portfolio.

Impairment is evaluated in total for smaller-balance loans of similar nature, such as residential mortgage, consumer, home equity and second mortgage loans. Commercial loans and mortgage loans secured by other properties are evaluated individually for impairment. When credit analysis of borrower operating results and financial condition indicates that underlying cash flows of the borrower's business are not adequate to meet its debt service requirements, including loans to the borrower by United Bank & Trust (the “Bank”), the loan is evaluated for impairment. Often this is associated with a delay or shortfall of payments of thirty days or more.

Loans are generally moved to nonaccrual status when ninety days or more past due or in bankruptcy. These loans are often also considered impaired. Impaired loans are charged off, in part or in full, when deemed uncollectible. This typically occurs when the loan is 120 or more days past due, unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection. This policy applies to each class of the Company’s loan portfolio.

An analysis of the allowance for loan losses for the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 follows:


   
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2011
 
 Thousands of dollars
 
Business &
Commercial
Mortgages
  
CLD (1)
  
Residential
Mortgage
  
Personal
  
Total
 
 Balance, January 1
 $16,672  $3,248  $2,661  $2,582  $25,163 
 Provision charged to expense
  9,863   2,886   1,579   1,536   15,864 
 Amounts related to change in allocation methodology
  (2,246)  49   (990)  (527)  (3,714)
 Net provision after amounts related to change in allocation methodology
  7,617   2,935   589   1,009   12,150 
 Losses charged off
  (12,063)  (2,908)  (1,387)  (2,006)  (18,364)
 Recoveries
  1,111   278   68   227   1,684 
 Balance, December 31
 $13,337  $3,553  $1,931  $1,812  $20,633 
 
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment
 $5,213  $2,907  $871  $40  $9,031 
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment
 $8,124  $646  $1,060  $1,772  $11,602 
                      
Total Loans:
                    
Ending balance
 $333,979  $39,723  $86,029  $103,971  $563,702 
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment
 $31,225  $14,486  $5,241  $183  $51,135 
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment
 $302,754  $25,237  $80,788  $103,788  $512,567 


 
   
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2010
   2009 
 Thousands of dollars
 
Business &
Commercial
Mortgages
  
CLD (1)
  
Residential
Mortgage
  
Personal
  
Total
    
 Balance, January 1
 $12,221  $5,164  $760  $1,875  $20,020  $18,312 
 Provision charged to expense
  11,710   3,716   3,655   2,449   21,530   25,770 
 Losses charged off
  (7,683)  (5,919)  (1,820)  (1,907)  (17,329)  (24,368)
 Recoveries
  424   287   66   165   942   306 
 Balance, December 31
 $16,672  $3,248  $2,661  $2,582  $25,163  $20,020 
    16,672   3,248   2,661   2,582   25,163     
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment
 $6,402  $1,765  $708  $283  $9,158     
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment
 $10,270  $1,483  $1,953  $2,299  $16,005     
                          
Total Loans:
                        
Ending balance
 $354,020  $32,924  $90,867  $114,174  $591,985     
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment
 $26,628  $14,699  $3,290  $566  $45,183     
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment
 $327,392  $18,225  $87,577  $113,608  $546,802     
     
 (1) Construction and land development loans
 
 
 


Credit Exposure and Quality Indicators

The Company categorizes commercial and tax-exempt loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, management capacity, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed during the loan approval process and is updated as circumstances warrant. The risk characteristics of each loan portfolio segment are as follows:

Business and Commercial Mortgages. The Business and Commercial Mortgages segment consists of commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans. Commercial and industrial loans are primarily based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets, such as accounts receivable or inventory, and may include a personal guarantee. Some short-term loans may be made on an unsecured basis. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers.

Commercial real estate loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Commercial real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. The characteristics of properties securing the Company’s commercial real estate portfolio are diverse, but with geographic location almost entirely in the Company’s market area. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on collateral, geography and risk grade criteria. In general, the Company avoids financing single purpose projects unless other underwriting factors are present to help mitigate risk. In addition, management tracks the level of owner-occupied commercial real estate loans versus non-owner occupied loans.

Construction and Land Development. Construction and Land Development (“CLD”) loans are underwritten utilizing feasibility studies, independent appraisal reviews, sensitivity analysis of absorption and lease rates and financial analysis of the developers and property owners. CLD loans are generally based on estimates of costs and value associated with the complete project. These estimates may be inaccurate. CLD loans often involve the disbursement of substantial funds with repayment substantially dependent on the success of the ultimate project. Sources of repayment for these types of loans may be pre-committed permanent loans from approved long-term lenders, sales of developed property or an interim loan commitment from the Company until permanent financing is obtained. These loans are closely monitored by on-site inspections and are considered to have higher risks than other real estate loans due to their ultimate repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, governmental regulation of real property, general economic conditions and the availability of long-term financing.

Consumer. Consumer loans consist of two segments – residential mortgage loans and personal loans. For residential mortgage loans that are secured by 1-4 family residences and are generally owner occupied, the Company generally establishes a maximum loan-to-value ratio and requires private mortgage insurance if that ratio is exceeded. Home equity loans are typically secured by a subordinate interest in 1-4 family residences, and personal loans are secured by personal assets, such as automobiles or recreational vehicles. Some personal loans are unsecured, such as small installment loans and certain lines of credit. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income of the borrowers, which can be impacted by economic conditions in their market areas, such as unemployment levels. Repayment can also be impacted by changes in property values on residential properties. Risk is mitigated by the fact that the loans are of smaller individual amounts and spread over a large number of borrowers.

Internal Risk Categories

Commercial and tax-exempt loans that are analyzed individually are assigned one of eight internal risk categories. Categories 1-4 are considered to be Pass-rated loans. Other risk category definitions for individually-analyzed commercial and tax-exempt loans are as follows:

5   
Special Mention. Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Bank’s credit position at some future date.
   
6   
Substandard. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net
 
 
worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral securing the loans, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
   
7   
Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the additional characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.
   
8   
Loss. Loans classified as loss are regarded as uncollectible and should be charged off.

Consumer loans are not rated on the above-listed risk categories, but are classified by their payment activity, either as performing, accruing restructured, delinquent less than 90 days, or nonperforming.

Quality indicators for portfolio loans as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 based on the Bank’s internal risk categories are detailed in the following tables.


In thousands of dollars
 
As of December 31, 2011
 
Commercial & Tax-exempt Loans
 
CLD
  
Owner-
Occupied
CRE
  
Other CRE
  
Commercial
& Industrial
  
Total
Commercial
 
Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Rating
 1-4 
Pass
 $11,940  $77,447  $96,864  $63,466  $249,717 
 5 
Special Mention
  2,920   15,526   15,897   17,212   51,555 
 6 
Substandard
  14,020   5,803   17,818   8,799   46,440 
 7 
Doubtful
  827   72   -   625   1,524 
 8   Loss  -   -   -   -   - 
 
Total
 $29,707  $98,848  $130,579  $90,102  $349,236 



Consumer Loans
               
Credit risk profile based on payment activity
 
Residential Mortgage
  
Consumer Construction
  
Home Equity
  
Other Consumer
  
Total Consumer
 
 Performing
 $95,045  $10,016  $74,387  $22,394  $201,842 
 Accruing restructured
  3,078   -   171   -   3,249 
 Delinquent less than 90 days
  3,072   -   239   70   3,381 
 Nonperforming
  3,404   -   118   107   3,629 
 Total
 $104,599  $10,016  $74,915  $22,571  $212,101 
Subtotal
                 $561,337 
Deferred loan fees and costs, overdrafts, in-process accounts
   2,365 
Total Portfolio Loans
  $563,702 

 
In thousands of dollars
 
As of December 31, 2010
 
Commercial & Tax-exempt Loans
 
CLD
  
Owner-Occupied CRE
  
Other CRE
  
Commercial & Industrial
  
Total Commercial
 
Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Rating
 1-4
 Pass
 $16,246  $79,929  $106,379  $51,751  $254,305 
 5
 Special Mention
  5,942   12,556   20,467   22,697   61,662 
 6
 Substandard
  13,381   12,641   10,773   9,350   46,145 
 7
 Doubtful
  427   416   74   120   1,037 
 8
 Loss
  -   -   -   -   - 
 
 Total
 $35,996  $105,542  $137,693  $83,918  $363,149 



Consumer Loans
               
Credit risk profile based on payment activity
 
Residential Mortgage
  
Consumer Construction
  
Home Equity
  
Other Consumer
  
Total Consumer
 
Performing
 $104,078  $5,558  $76,978  $24,507  $211,121 
Accruing restructured
  2,844   -   -   -   2,844 
Delinquent less than 90 days
  1,854   -   411   125   2,390 
Nonperforming
  4,765   -   762   56   5,583 
 Total
 $113,541  $5,558  $78,151  $24,688  $221,938 
Subtotal
                 $585,087 
Deferred loan fees and costs, overdrafts, in-process accounts
   6,898 
Total Portfolio Loans
  $591,985 


Loan totals in the classifications above are based on categories of loans as classified within the Bank’s regulatory reporting. As a result, they may differ from totals of similar classifications in Note 4 and in the tables above.

Loan Portfolio Aging Analysis

The entire balance of a loan is considered delinquent if the minimum payment contractually required to be made is not received by the specified due date. Schedules detailing the loan portfolio aging analysis as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 follow.


Loan Portfolio Aging Analysis
            
 December 31, 2011
 
Delinquent Loans
     
Total
     
Total
 
 Thousands of dollars
 
30-89 Days Past Due
  
90 Days and Over (a) (1)
  
Total Past Due (b)
  
Current 
(c-b-d)
  
Portfolio Loans (c)
  
Nonaccrual Loans (d)
  
Nonper-forming (a+d)
 
Commercial
                     
 Commercial CLD
 $426  $-  $426  $23,277  $29,707  $6,004  $6,004 
 Owner-Occupied CRE
  1,511   -   1,511   92,828   98,848   4,509   4,509 
 Other CRE
  703   -   703   122,672   130,579   7,204   7,204 
 Commercial & Industrial
  447   -   447   85,216   90,102   4,439   4,439 
Consumer
                            
 Residential Mortgage
  3,072   -   3,072   98,123   104,599   3,404   3,404 
 Consumer Construction
  -   -   -   10,016   10,016   -   - 
 Home Equity
  239   31   270   74,558   74,915   87   118 
 Other Consumer
  70   -   70   22,394   22,571   107   107 
 Subtotal
 $6,468  $31  $6,499  $529,084  $561,337  $25,754  $25,785 
Deferred loan fees and costs, overdrafts, in-process accounts
   2,365         
Total Portfolio Loans
  $563,702         

 
Loan Portfolio Aging Analysis
            
 December 31, 2010
 
Delinquent Loans
     
Total
     
Total
 
 Thousands of dollars
 
30-89 Days Past Due
  
90 Days and Over (a) (1)
  
Total Past Due (b)
  
Current 
(c-b-d)
  
Portfolio Loans (c)
  
Nonaccrual Loans (d)
  
Nonper-forming (a+d)
 
Commercial
                     
 Commercial CLD
 $1,044  $-  $1,044  $26,393  $35,996  $8,559  $8,559 
 Owner-Occupied CRE
  688   -   688   101,317   105,542   3,537   3,537 
 Other CRE
  2,982   -   2,982   128,126   137,693   6,585   6,585 
 Commercial & Industrial
  734   142   876   78,204   83,918   4,838   4,980 
Consumer
                            
 Residential Mortgage
  1,854   441   2,295   106,922   113,541   4,324   4,765 
 Consumer Construction
  -   -   -   5,558   5,558   -   - 
 Home Equity
  411   -   411   76,978   78,151   762   762 
 Other Consumer
  125   -   125   24,507   24,688   56   56 
 Subtotal
 $7,838  $583  $8,421  $548,005  $585,087  $28,661  $29,244 
Deferred loan fees and costs, overdrafts, in-process accounts
   6,898         
Total Portfolio Loans
  $591,985         
 (1) All are accruing.
 
 
 


Impaired Loans

Information regarding impaired loans as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 follows. Data for December 31, 2010 has been modified from presentation in previous periods to match the current period presentation:
 
Impaired Loans at December 31, 2011
        
Year Ended
December 31, 2011
 
 Thousands of dollars
 
Recorded Balance
  
Unpaid Principal Balance
  
Specific Allowance
  
Average Investment in Impaired Loans
  
Interest Income Recognized
 
Loans without a specific valuation allowance
 
Commercial
               
Commercial CLD
 $5,977  $15,366  $-  $7,222  $- 
Owner-Occupied CRE
  1,622   2,502   -   1,997   54 
Other CRE
  4,922   8,031   -   5,822   165 
Commercial & Industrial
  1,696   3,774   -   1,141   11 
Consumer
          -         
Residential Mortgage
  1,042   1,778   -   867   4 
Consumer Construction
  -   -   -   -   - 
Home Equity
  43   43   -   295   - 
Other Consumer
  189   189   -   358   - 
Subtotal
 $15,491  $31,683  $-  $17,702  $234 


Impaired Loans at December 31, 2011
        
Year Ended
December 31, 2011
 
 Thousands of dollars
 
Recorded Balance
  
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
  
Specific
Allowance
  
Average Investment in Impaired Loans
  
Interest
Income Recognized
 
Loans with a specific valuation allowance
 
Commercial
               
Commercial CLD
 $8,509  $8,594  $2,907  $6,956  $328 
Owner-Occupied CRE
  6,391   7,925   2,344   5,441   107 
Other CRE
  15,259   17,205   2,085   13,502   574 
Commercial & Industrial
  1,335   2,372   785   1,727   38 
Consumer
                    
Residential Mortgage
  4,792   5,998   870   5,740   148 
Consumer Construction
  -   -   -   -   - 
Home Equity
  171   171   35   184   5 
Other Consumer
  5   5   5   5   1 
Subtotal
 $36,462  $42,270  $9,031  $33,555  $1,201 
 
Total Impaired Loans
 
Commercial
               
Commercial CLD
 $14,486  $23,960  $2,907  $14,178  $328 
Owner-Occupied CRE
  8,013   10,427   2,344   7,438   161 
Other CRE
  20,181   25,236   2,085   19,324   739 
Commercial & Industrial
  3,031   6,146   785   2,868   49 
Consumer
                    
Residential Mortgage
  5,834   7,776   870   6,607   152 
Consumer Construction
  -   -   -   -   - 
Home Equity
  214   214   35   479   5 
Other Consumer
  194   194   5   363   1 
Total Impaired Loans
 $51,953  $73,953  $9,031  $51,257  $1,435 
 

Impaired Loans at December 31, 2010
        
Year Ended
December 31, 2010
 
 Thousands of dollars
 
Recorded Balance
  
Unpaid Principal Balance
  
Specific Allowance
  
Average Investment in Impaired Loans
  
Interest Income Recognized
 
Loans without a specific valuation allowance
 
Commercial
               
Commercial CLD
 $3,434  $8,194  $-  $3,872  $- 
Owner-Occupied CRE
  2,457   2,853   -   2,225   60 
Other CRE
  1,300   1,681   -   1,405   16 
Commercial & Industrial
  1,301   1,330   -   783   48 
Consumer
                    
Residential Mortgage
  3,129   3,693   -   4,418   - 
Consumer Construction
  -   -   -   -   - 
Home Equity
  257   257   -   478   - 
Other Consumer
  253   253   -   542   - 
Subtotal
 $12,131  $18,262  $-  $13,723  $124 


Impaired Loans at December 31, 2010
        
Year Ended 
December 31, 2010
 
 Thousands of dollars
 
Recorded Balance
  
Unpaid Principal Balance
  
Specific Allowance
  
Average Investment in Impaired Loans
  
Interest Income Recognized
 
Loans with a specific valuation allowance
 
Commercial
               
Commercial CLD
 $10,519  $17,999  $1,627  $9,786  $161 
Owner-Occupied CRE
  6,511   7,185   1,532   5,595   198 
Other CRE
  14,062   18,043   4,305   13,230   408 
Commercial & Industrial
  1,713   2,397   703   917   20 
Consumer
                    
Residential Mortgage
  3,290   3,327   708   2,396   105 
Consumer Construction
  -   -   -   -   - 
Home Equity
  588   611   278   430   13 
Other Consumer
  8   8   5   10   7 
Subtotal
 $36,691  $49,571  $9,158  $32,364  $911 
 
Total Impaired Loans
 
Commercial
               
Commercial CLD
 $13,953  $26,193  $1,627  $13,658  $161 
Owner-Occupied CRE
  8,968   10,038   1,532   7,820   257 
Other CRE
  15,362   19,724   4,305   14,635   424 
Commercial & Industrial
  3,014   3,728   703   1,700   68 
Consumer
                    
Residential Mortgage
  6,419   7,020   708   6,814   105 
Consumer Construction
  -   -   -   -   - 
Home Equity
  845   868   278   908   13 
Other Consumer
  261   261   5   552   7 
Total Impaired Loans
 $48,822  $67,833  $9,158  $46,087  $1,035 


Included in the above impaired loan totals were $21.8 million and $17.3 million of loan modifications meeting the definition of a troubled debt restructuring that were accruing interest and performing in accordance with their agreements at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Substantially all of the interest income recognized in the tables above was recorded on a cash basis.

Interest payments received on impaired loans are recorded as interest income unless collection of the remaining recorded investment is doubtful, at which time payments received are recorded as reductions to principal. Subsequent payments on non-accrual loans are recorded as a reduction of principal, and interest income is recorded only after principal recovery is reasonably assured. Nonaccrual loans are returned to accrual status when, in the judgment of management, the financial position of the borrower indicates there is no longer any reasonable doubt as to the timely collection of interest or principal. The Company requires a period of satisfactory performance of not less than six months before returning a nonaccrual loan to accrual status. These policies apply to each class of the Company’s loan portfolio.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

In the course of working with borrowers, the Bank may choose to restructure the contractual terms of certain loans. In this scenario, the Bank attempts to work out an alternative payment schedule with the borrower in order to optimize collectability of the loan. Any loans that are modified are reviewed by the Bank to identify if a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) has occurred, which is when, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, the Bank grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. Terms may be modified to fit the ability of the borrower to repay in line with its current financial status and the restructuring of the loan may include the transfer of assets from the borrower to satisfy the debt, a modification of loan terms, or a combination of the two. If such efforts by the Bank do not result in a satisfactory arrangement, the loan is referred to legal counsel, at which time foreclosure proceedings are initiated. At any time prior to a sale of the property at foreclosure, the Bank may terminate foreclosure proceedings if the borrower is able to work out a satisfactory payment plan.

It is the Bank’s policy to have any restructured loans which are on nonaccrual status prior to being restructured remain on nonaccrual status until six months of satisfactory borrower performance, at which time management would consider its return to accrual status. The balance of nonaccrual restructured loans, which is included in nonaccrual loans, was $10.7 million at December 31, 2011 and $8.5 million at December 31, 2010. If the restructured loan is on accrual status prior to being restructured, it is reviewed to determine if the restructured loan should remain on accrual status. The balance of accruing restructured loans was $21.8 million at December 31, 2011 and $17.3 million at December 31, 2010.

Loans that are considered TDRs are classified as performing, unless they are on nonaccrual status or greater than 90 days delinquent as of the end of the most recent quarter. All TDRs are considered impaired by the Company. When it is determined that the borrower has met the six month satisfactory performance period (or six payments) under modified terms and the restructuring agreement specified an interest rate greater than or equal to an acceptable rate for a comparable new loan, the loan is considered to be performing. On a quarterly basis, the Company individually reviews all TDR loans to determine if a loan meets both of these criteria.

Accruing restructured loans at December 31, 2011 are comprised of two categories of loans on which interest is being accrued under their restructured terms, and the loans are current or less than ninety days past due. The first category consists of $18.6 million of commercial loans, primarily comprised of business loans that have been temporarily modified as interest-only loans, generally for a period of up to one year, without a sufficient corresponding increase in the interest rate. Within this category are $8.2 million of CLD loans that have been renewed as interest only, generally for a period of up to one year, to assist the borrower.

The Bank does not generally forgive principal or interest on restructured loans. However, when a loan is restructured, principal is generally received on a delayed basis as compared to the original repayment schedule. CLD loans that are restructured are generally modified to require interest-only for a period of time. The Bank does not generally reduce interest rates on restructured commercial loans. The average yield on modified commercial loans was 5.38%, compared to 5.54% earned on the entire commercial loan portfolio in the fourth quarter of 2011.

The second category included in accruing restructured loans consists of residential mortgage and home equity loans whose terms have been restructured at less than market terms and include rate modifications, extension of maturity, and forbearance. This category consists of fifteen loans for a total of $3.2 million at December 31, 2011. The average yield on modified residential mortgage and home equity loans was 3.96%, compared to 5.71% earned on the entire residential mortgage loan portfolio in the fourth quarter of 2011.

The Company has no personal loans other than the loans described in the paragraph above that are classified as troubled debt restructurings.

With regard to determination of the amount of the allowance for loan losses, all restructured loans are considered to be impaired. As a result, the determination of the amount of impaired loans for each portfolio segment within troubled debt restructurings is the same as detailed previously above.

The following tables present information regarding troubled debt restructurings for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010.


   
Newly Classified Accruing Troubled Debt Restructurings
 
 Twelve months ended
 
December 31, 2011
  
December 31, 2010
 
 Dollars in thousands
 
Total Number of Loans
  
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Balance
  
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Balance
  
Total Number of Loans
  
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Balance
  
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Balance
 
Commercial
                  
 Commercial CLD
  4  $3,858  $3,858   6  $4,508  $4,508 
 Owner-Occupied CRE
  2   479   479   -   -   - 
 Other CRE
  3   3,128   3,128   5   6,853   6,853 
 Commercial & Industrial
  3   704   704   4   443   443 
Consumer
                        
 Residential Mortgage
  3   1,199   1,199   9   1,879   1,879 
Total
  15  $9,368  $9,368  $25  $13,858  $13,858 


Twelve months ended December 31, 2011
 
Troubled Debt Restructurings that Subsequently Defaulted
 
 Dollars in thousands
 
Number of Loans
  
Recorded Balance
 
Commercial
      
 Commercial CLD
  1  $119 
 Other CRE
  3   740 
 Commercial & Industrial
  -   - 
Consumer
        
 Residential Mortgage
  3   1,236 
Total
  7  $2,095 


As a result of adopting the amendments in ASU No. 2011-02, the Company reassessed all restructurings that occurred on or after the beginning of the current fiscal year (January 1, 2011) to determine whether they are now considered troubled debt restructurings. The Company identified as TDRs certain loans for which the allowance for loan losses had previously been measured under a general allowance methodology. Upon identifying those loans as TDRs, the Company identified them as impaired under the guidance in ASC 310-10-35. The amendments in ASU No. 2011-02 require prospective application of the impairment measurement guidance in ASC 310-10-35 for those loans newly identified as impaired. At the end of the first interim period of adoption (September 30, 2011), the recorded investment in loans for which the allowance was previously measured under a general allowance methodology and are now impaired under ASC 310-10-35 was $4.0 million, and the allowance for loan losses associated with those loans, on the basis of a current evaluation of loss, was $1.5 million.