Revenue Recognition

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Sales And Revenue Recognition [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

2.Revenue Recognition

The Defense segment utilizes the cost-to-cost method of percentage-of-completion to recognize revenue on its performance obligations that are satisfied over time because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer. Under the cost-to-cost method of percentage-of-completion, the Company measures progress based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to total estimated costs for the performance obligation. The Company recognizes changes in estimated sales or costs and the resulting profit or loss on a cumulative basis. Contract adjustments represent the cumulative effect of the changes on prior periods. If a loss is expected on a performance obligation, the complete estimated loss is recorded in the period in which the loss is identified.

There is significant judgment involved in estimating sales and costs within the Defense segment. Each contract is evaluated at contract inception to identify risks and estimate revenue and costs. In performing this evaluation, the Defense segment considers risks of contract performance such as technical requirements, schedule, duration and key contract dependencies. These considerations are then factored into the Company’s estimated revenue and costs. Preliminary contract estimates are subject to change throughout the duration of the contract as additional information becomes available that impacts risks and estimated revenue and costs. In addition, as contract modifications (e.g., new orders) are received, the additional units are factored into the overall contract estimate of costs and transaction price. Contract adjustments impacted the Company’s results as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Net sales	$	(13.2	)	$	(4.2	)	$	(29.7	)	$	(3.0	)
Operating income		(14.2	)		5.3			(38.2	)		4.6
Net income		(10.9	)		4.1			(29.2	)		3.6
Diluted earnings per share	$	(0.17	)	$	0.06		$	(0.44	)	$	0.05

Disaggregation of Revenue

Consolidated net sales disaggregated by segment and timing of revenue recognition are as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Access Equipment		Defense		Fire & Emergency		Commercial		Corporate and Intersegment Eliminations			Total
Point in time	$	1,026.4	$	4.3	$	242.7	$	169.1	$	(1.6	)	$	1,440.9
Over time		11.5		514.4		4.5		95.4		—			625.8
	$	1,037.9	$	518.7	$	247.2	$	264.5	$	(1.6	)	$	2,066.7

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Access Equipment		Defense		Fire & Emergency		Commercial		Corporate and Intersegment Eliminations			Total
Point in time	$	830.6	$	3.5	$	331.6	$	135.8	$	(4.5	)	$	1,297.0
Over time		15.3		646.7		6.1		98.0		(0.1	)		766.0
	$	845.9	$	650.2	$	337.7	$	233.8	$	(4.6	)	$	2,063.0

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Access Equipment		Defense		Fire & Emergency		Commercial		Corporate and Intersegment Eliminations			Total
Point in time	$	2,861.7	$	8.6	$	796.7	$	491.1	$	(6.1	)	$	4,152.0
Over time		36.4		1,585.0		14.9		290.1		—			1,926.4
	$	2,898.1	$	1,593.6	$	811.6	$	781.2	$	(6.1	)	$	6,078.4

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Access Equipment		Defense		Fire & Emergency		Commercial		Corporate and Intersegment Eliminations			Total
Point in time	$	2,458.8	$	23.9	$	937.0	$	418.0	$	(18.0	)	$	3,819.7
Over time		49.6		1,951.4		15.7		323.9		0.5			2,341.1
	$	2,508.4	$	1,975.3	$	952.7	$	741.9	$	(17.5	)	$	6,160.8

See Note 18 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further disaggregated sales information.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

The Company is generally entitled to bill its customers upon satisfaction of its performance obligations, except for its long-term contracts in the Defense segment which typically allow for billing upon acceptance of the finished goods, payments received from customers in advance of performance and extended warranties that are billed in advance of the warranty coverage period. Customer payment is usually received shortly after billing and payment terms generally do not exceed one year. See Note 7 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Company’s receivables balances.

With the exception of the Fire & Emergency segment, the Company’s contracts typically do not contain a significant financing component. In the Fire & Emergency segment, customers earn interest on customer advances at a rate determined in a separate financing transaction between the Fire & Emergency segment and the customer at contract inception. Interest of $6.2 million and $17.2 million were recorded in “Interest expense” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $4.4 million and $13.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, for amounts due on customer advances.

The timing of billing does not always match the timing of revenue recognition. In instances where a customer pays consideration in advance or when the Company is entitled to bill a customer in advance of recognizing the related revenue, the Company records a contract liability. The Company reduces contract liabilities when the Company transfers control of the promised goods and services. Contract liabilities consisted of the following (in millions):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Customer advances	$	698.9	$	690.9
Other current liabilities		82.0		81.9
Long-term customer advances		716.3		207.0
Other long-term liabilities		58.8		54.9
Total contract liabilities	$	1,556.0	$	1,034.7

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Beginning liabilities recognized in revenue	$	125.5	$	45.6	$	320.7	$	333.6

In instances where the Company recognizes revenue prior to having an unconditional right to payment, the Company records a contract asset. The Company reduces contract assets when the Company has an unconditional right to payment. The Company periodically assesses its contract assets for impairment. Contract assets and liabilities are determined on a net basis for each contract. The Company did not record any impairment losses on contract assets during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2022 or 2021.

The Defense segment incurs pre-production engineering, factory setup and other contract fulfillment costs related to products produced for its customers under long-term supply agreements. An asset is recognized for costs incurred to fulfill an existing contract or highly-probable anticipated contract if such costs generate or enhance resources that will be used in satisfying performance obligations in the future and the costs are expected to be recovered. Costs related to customer-owned tooling that will be used in production and for which the customer has provided a non-cancelable right to use the tooling to perform under a long-term supply agreement are also recognized as an asset. Under the Next Generation Delivery Vehicles (NGDV) contract with the United States Postal Service (USPS), the Company has determined that it does not transfer control of any goods or services to the USPS until the construction of the production vehicles. Deferred contract related costs will be amortized over the anticipated production volume of the NGDV contract. Deferred contract fulfillment and customer-owned tooling costs are included in “Other long-term assets” within the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company periodically assesses its contract fulfillment and customer-owned tooling for impairment. The Company did not record any impairment losses on contract fulfillment or customer-owned tooling costs during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2022 or 2021. Deferred contract related costs, the majority of which are related to the NGDV contract, consisted of the following (in millions):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Costs for anticipated contracts	$	5.7	$	4.9
Engineering costs		214.7		60.0
Factory setup costs		13.1		4.1
Customer-owned tooling		43.4		4.2
Deferred contract related costs	$	276.9	$	73.2

The Company offers a variety of service-type warranties, including optionally priced extended warranty programs. Outstanding balances related to service-type warranties are included within contract liabilities. Revenue related to service-type warranties is deferred until after the expiration of the standard warranty period. The revenue is then recognized in income over the term of the extended warranty period in proportion to the costs that are expected to be incurred. Changes in the Company’s service-type warranties were as follows (in millions):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021
Balance at beginning of period	$	66.9		$	63.0
Deferred revenue for new service warranties		21.6			21.2
Amortization of deferred revenue		(16.1	)		(18.2	)
Foreign currency translation		(0.9	)		(0.2	)
Balance at end of period	$	71.5		$	65.8

Classification of service-type warranties in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following (in millions):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Other current liabilities	$	25.5	$	22.3
Other long-term liabilities		46.0		44.6
	$	71.5	$	66.9

Remaining Performance Obligations

As of September 30, 2022, the Company had unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original duration greater than one year totaling $8.55 billion, of which $697.5 million is expected to be satisfied and recognized in revenue in the remaining three months of fiscal 2022, $2.71 billion is expected to be satisfied and recognized in revenue in fiscal 2023 and $5.14 billion is expected to be satisfied and recognized in revenue after fiscal 2023.