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Financial Instruments
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 21, 2020
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Financial Instruments Financial Instruments
We are exposed to market risks arising from adverse changes in:
•
commodity prices, affecting the cost of our raw materials and energy;
•
foreign exchange rates and currency restrictions; and
•
interest rates.
There have been no material changes during the 12 weeks ended March 21, 2020 with respect to our risk management policies or strategies and valuation techniques used in measuring the fair value of the financial assets or liabilities disclosed in Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements in our 2019 Form 10-K.
Certain of our agreements with our counterparties require us to post full collateral on derivative instruments in a net liability position if our credit rating is at A2 (Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.) or A (S&P Global Ratings), and we have been placed on credit watch for possible downgrade or if our credit rating falls below these levels. The fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that were in a net liability position as of March 21, 2020 was $672 million. We have posted no collateral under these contracts and no credit-risk-related contingent features were triggered as of March 21, 2020.
The notional amounts of our financial instruments used to hedge the above risks as of March 21, 2020 and December 28, 2019 are as follows:
 
Notional Amounts(a)
 
3/21/2020

 
12/28/2019

Commodity
$
1.2

 
$
1.1

Foreign exchange
$
1.8

 
$
1.9

Interest rate
$
5.0

 
$
5.0

Net investment (b)
$
2.4

 
$
2.5

(a)
In billions.
(b)
The total notional of our net investment hedge consists of non-derivative debt instruments.
As of March 21, 2020, approximately 14% of total debt, after the impact of the related interest rate derivative instruments, was subject to variable rates, compared to approximately 9% as of December 28, 2019.
Fair Value Measurements
The fair values of our financial assets and liabilities as of March 21, 2020 and December 28, 2019 are categorized as follows:
 
 
 
3/21/2020
 
12/28/2019
 
Fair Value Hierarchy Levels
 
Assets(a)
 
Liabilities(a)
 
Assets(a)
 
Liabilities(a)
Short-term investments (b)
1
 
$
158

 
$
—

 
$
229

 
$
—

Prepaid forward contracts (c)
2
 
$
13

 
$
—

 
$
17

 
$
—

Deferred compensation (d)
2
 
$
—

 
$
379

 
$
—

 
$
468

Derivatives designated as fair value hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate (e)
2
 
$
7

 
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
5

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange (f)
2
 
$
53

 
$
13

 
$
5

 
$
32

Interest rate (f)
2
 
—

 
613

 
—

 
390

Commodity (g)
1
 
—

 
31

 
2

 
5

Commodity (h)
2
 
—

 
30

 
2

 
5

 
 
 
$
53

 
$
687

 
$
9

 
$
432

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange (f)
2
 
$
8

 
$
1

 
$
3

 
$
2

Commodity (g)
1
 
1

 
111

 
23

 
7

Commodity (h)
2
 
5

 
40

 
6

 
24

 
 
 
$
14

 
$
152

 
$
32

 
$
33

Total derivatives at fair value (i)
 
 
$
74

 
$
840

 
$
41

 
$
470

Total
 
 
$
245

 
$
1,219

 
$
287

 
$
938

(a)
Unless otherwise noted, financial assets are classified on our balance sheet within prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets. Financial liabilities are classified on our balance sheet within accounts payable and other current liabilities and other liabilities.
(b)
Based on the price of index funds. These investments are classified as short-term investments and are used to manage a portion of market risk arising from our deferred compensation liability.
(c)
Based primarily on the price of our common stock.
(d)
Based on the fair value of investments corresponding to employees’ investment elections.
(e)
Based on LIBOR forward rates. The carrying amount of hedged fixed-rate debt was $2.2 billion as of March 21, 2020 and December 28, 2019, and classified on our balance sheet within short-term and long-term debt obligations. As of March 21, 2020 and December 28, 2019, the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments to hedged fixed-rate debt was a $6 million gain and a $5 million loss, respectively. As of March 21, 2020 and December 28, 2019, the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments on discontinued hedges was a
$42 million loss and a $49 million loss, respectively, which is being amortized over the remaining life of the related debt obligations.
(f)
Based on recently reported market transactions of spot and forward rates.
(g)
Based on quoted contract prices on futures exchange markets.
(h)
Based on recently reported market transactions of swap arrangements.
(i)
Derivative assets and liabilities are presented on a gross basis on our balance sheet. Amounts subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements which are not offset on the balance sheet as of March 21, 2020 and December 28, 2019 were not material. Collateral received or posted against our asset or liability positions was not material. Collateral posted of $201 million and $58 million as of March 21, 2020 and December 28, 2019, respectively, is classified as restricted cash.
The carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents approximate fair value due to their short-term maturity. The fair value of our debt obligations as of March 21, 2020 and December 28, 2019 was $43 billion and $34 billion, respectively, based upon prices of similar instruments in the marketplace, which are considered Level 2 inputs.
Losses/(gains) on our hedging instruments are categorized as follows:
 
12 Weeks Ended
 
Fair Value/Non-
designated Hedges
 
Cash Flow and Net Investment Hedges
 
Losses/(Gains)
Recognized in
Income Statement(a)
 
Losses/(Gains)
Recognized in
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss
 
Losses/(Gains)
Reclassified from
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss
into Income Statement(b)
 
3/21/2020

 
3/23/2019

 
3/21/2020

 
3/23/2019

 
3/21/2020

 
3/23/2019

Foreign exchange
$
(11
)
 
$
(3
)
 
$
(51
)
 
$
31

 
$
4

 
$
(5
)
Interest rate
(11
)
 
(28
)
 
223

 
(7
)
 
150

 
(11
)
Commodity
166

 
(42
)
 
64

 
(4
)
 
3

 
1

Net investment
—

 
—

 
(84
)
 
(10
)
 
—

 
—

Total
$
144

 
$
(73
)
 
$
152

 
$
10

 
$
157

 
$
(15
)

(a)
Foreign exchange derivative losses/gains are primarily included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Interest rate derivative losses/gains are primarily from fair value hedges and are included in net interest expense and other. These losses/gains are substantially offset by decreases/increases in the value of the underlying debt, which are also included in net interest expense and other. Commodity derivative losses/gains are included in either cost of sales or selling, general and administrative expenses, depending on the underlying commodity.
(b)
Foreign exchange derivative losses/gains are included in cost of sales. Interest rate derivative losses/gains are included in net interest expense and other. Commodity derivative losses/gains are included in either cost of sales or selling, general and administrative expenses, depending on the underlying commodity.
Based on current market conditions, we expect to reclassify net losses of $46 million related to our cash flow hedges from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net income during the next 12 months.