497 1 d604607d497.htm GMO TRUST GMO Trust
Table of Contents

Filed pursuant to Rule 497(e)

File Nos. 002-98772 and 811-04347

GMO TRUST

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

June 30, 2013, as revised October 1, 2013

 

U.S. Equity Funds

  International Equity Funds (continued)   Global Equity Funds   Fixed Income Funds (continued)

U.S. Core Equity Fund

Class III: GMUEX

Class IV: GMRTX

Class V: —

Class VI: GMCQX

 

U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund

Class III: GMVUX

 

U.S. Growth Fund

Class III: GMGWX

 

U.S. Small/Mid Cap Fund

Class III: GMSUX

 

Real Estate Fund

Class III: GMORX

 

International Equity Funds

 

International Core Equity Fund

Class III: GMIEX

Class IV: GMIRX

Class VI: GCEFX

 

International Intrinsic Value Fund

Class II: GMICX

Class III: GMOIX

Class IV: GMCFX

 

International Large/Mid Cap Value Fund

Class III: —

Class IV: —

Class V: —

Class VI: —

 

International Growth Equity Fund

Class III: GMIGX

Class IV: GMGFX

 

International Small Companies Fund

Class III: GMISX

 

Asset Allocation International Small Companies Fund

Class III: —

 

Tax-Managed International Equities Fund

Class III: GTMIX

 

Foreign Fund

Class II: GMFRX

Class III: GMOFX

Class IV: GMFFX

 

Foreign Small Companies Fund

Class III: GMFSX

Class IV: GFSFX

 

Emerging Markets Fund

Class II: GMEMX

Class III: GMOEX

Class IV: GMEFX

Class V: GEMVX

Class VI: GEMMX

 

Emerging Countries Fund

Class III: GMCEX

Class M: GECMX

 

Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund

Class II: GEDTX

Class III: GEDSX

Class IV: GEDIX

Class V: GEDOX

Class VI: GEDFX

 

Taiwan Fund

Class III: GMOTX

 

Flexible Equities Fund

Class III: GFEFX

Class VI: GFFEX

 

Resources Fund

Class III: GOFIX

Class IV: GOVIX

Class V: —

Class VI: —

 

Currency Hedged International Equity Fund

Class III: GMOCX

 

Quality Fund

Class III: GQETX

Class IV: GQEFX

Class V: GQLFX

Class VI: GQLOX

 

Global Focused Equity Fund

Class III: GGFEX

Class IV: —

 

Developed World Stock Fund

Class III: GDWTX

Class IV: GDWFX

 

Risk Premium Fund

Class III: GMRPX

Class IV: GMRVX

Class V: —

Class VI: GMOKX

 

Fixed Income Funds

 

Domestic Bond Fund

Class III: GMDBX

Class VI: GDBSX

 

Core Plus Bond Fund

Class III: GUGAX

Class IV: GPBFX

 

International Bond Fund

Class III: GMIBX

 

Strategic Fixed Income Fund

Class III: GFITX

Class VI: GMFIX

 

Currency Hedged International Bond Fund

Class III: GMHBX

 

Global Bond Fund

Class III: GMGBX

 

Emerging Country Debt Fund

Class III: GMCDX

Class IV: GMDFX

 

Short-Duration Collateral Fund Ticker: GMOSX

 

Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund

Class III: GMDCX

Class VI: —

 

U.S. Treasury Fund

Ticker: GUSTX

 

Asset Allocation Bond Fund

Class III: GMOBX

Class VI: GABFX

 

Asset Allocation International Bond Fund

Class III: —

Class VI: —

 

Asset Allocation Funds

 

U.S. Equity Allocation Fund

Class III: GUSAX

 

International Equity Allocation Fund

Class III: GIEAX

 

International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

Class III: GIOTX

 

Global Equity Allocation Fund

Class III: GMGEX

 

World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

Class III: GWOAX

 

Global Asset Allocation Fund

Class III: GMWAX

 

Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund

Class III: GBATX

 

Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund

Class III: GBMFX

Class IV: GBMBX

Class MF: —

 

Alpha Only Fund

Class III: GGHEX

Class IV: GAPOX

This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus. It relates to the GMO Trust Prospectus and GMO Trust Class M Prospectus, as applicable, for each series of GMO Trust (the “Trust”) set forth above dated June 30, 2013, as amended and revised from time to time thereafter (the “Prospectus”), and should be read in conjunction therewith. Information from the Prospectus relating to the series of GMO Trust set forth above (each a “Fund,” and collectively, the “Funds,” and together with other series of the Trust not offered in the Prospectus, each a “GMO Fund,” and collectively, the “GMO Funds”) and the Trust’s audited financial statements, financial highlights, and report of the independent registered public accounting firm of the Funds, which are included in the annual report to shareholders of each Fund, are (or, in the case of each of International Large/Mid Cap Value Fund, Asset Allocation International Small Companies Fund, and Asset Allocation International Bond Fund, will be, when available) incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional Information. The Prospectus and the annual report to shareholders of each Fund may be obtained (in the case of each of International Large/Mid Cap Value Fund, Asset Allocation International Small Companies Fund, and Asset Allocation International Bond Fund, when available) free of charge from GMO Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, or by calling the Trust collect at 1-617-346-7646.


Table of Contents

Table of Contents

 

     Page  

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

     1   

FUND INVESTMENTS

     1   

DESCRIPTIONS AND RISKS OF FUND INVESTMENTS

     10   

ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

     64   

USES OF DERIVATIVES

     66   

INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

     70   

INVESTMENT GUIDELINES

     75   

DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

     77   

DISTRIBUTIONS

     77   

TAXES

     78   

MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST

     104   

INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES

     117   

DISTRIBUTION (12b-1) PLAN

     137   

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS

     139   

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

     146   

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

     147   

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AND OWNERSHIP OF SHARES

     151   

MULTIPLE CLASSES AND MINIMUM INVESTMENTS

     157   

VOTING RIGHTS

     158   

SHAREHOLDER AND TRUSTEE LIABILITY

     159   

BENEFICIAL OWNERS OF 5% OR MORE OF THE FUNDS’ SHARES

     160   

OTHER MATTERS

     203   

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

     204   

APPENDIX A — SPECIMEN PRICE MAKE-UP SHEETS

     A-1   

APPENDIX B — COMMERCIAL PAPER AND CORPORATE DEBT RATINGS

     B-1   

APPENDIX C — PROXY VOTING POLICY

     C-1   

 

-i-


Table of Contents

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

The investment objective and principal strategies of, and risks of investing in, each Fund are described in each Fund’s Prospectus. Unless otherwise indicated in the Prospectus or this Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”), the investment objective and policies of the Funds may be changed without shareholder approval.

FUND INVESTMENTS

The charts on the following pages indicate the types of investments that each Fund is generally permitted (but not required) to make. A Fund may, however, make other types of investments, provided the investments are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies and the Fund’s investment restrictions do not expressly prohibit it from so doing.

Investors should note that, when used in this SAI, the term “invest” includes both direct investing and indirect investing and the term “investments” includes both direct investments and indirect investments. For instance, a Fund may invest indirectly or make indirect investments by investing in another investment company or in derivatives and synthetic instruments with economic characteristics similar to the underlying asset. Accordingly, the following charts indicate the types of investments that a Fund is directly or indirectly permitted to make.

 

1


Table of Contents

U.S. Equity Funds

   U.S.
Core
Equity
Fund
   U.S.
Intrinsic
Value
Fund
   U.S.
Growth
Fund
   U.S.
Small/Mid
Cap
Fund
   Real
Estate
Fund

U.S. Equity Securities1

   X    X    X    X    X

Foreign Investments – Foreign Issuers2

   X    X    X    X    X

Foreign Investments – Foreign Issuers (Traded on U.S. Exchanges)2

   X    X    X    X    X

Foreign Investments – Emerging Countries2

              

Securities Lending

   X    X    X    X    X

Depositary Receipts

   X    X    X    X    X

Convertible Securities

   X    X    X    X    X

Preferred Stocks

   X    X    X    X    X

Master Limited Partnerships

              

Income Trusts

   X    X    X    X    X

Warrants and Rights

   X    X    X    X    X

Non-Standard Warrants (LEPOs and P-Notes)

              

Options and Futures

   X    X    X    X    X

Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts

   X    X    X    X    X

Foreign Currency Transactions

   X    X    X    X    X

Repurchase Agreements

   X    X    X    X    X

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities

   X    X    X    X    X

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities – Long and Medium Term Corporate & Government Bonds3

   X    X    X    X    X

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities – Short-Term Corporate & Government Bonds3

   X    X    X    X    X

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities – Municipal Securities4

              

Cash and Other High Quality Investments

   X    X    X    X    X

U.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities

   X    X    X    X    X

Auction Rate Securities

              

Real Estate Investment Trusts and Other Real Estate-Related Investments

   X    X    X    X    X

Asset-Backed and Related Securities

              

Adjustable Rate Securities

              

Below Investment Grade Securities

              

Distressed or Defaulted Instruments

              

Brady Bonds

              

Euro Bonds

              

Zero Coupon Securities

              

Indexed Investments

              

Structured Notes

              

Firm Commitments and When-Issued Securities

              

Loans, Loan Participations, and Assignments

              

Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Roll Agreements

   X    X    X    X    X

Commodity-Related Investments

              

Illiquid Securities, Private Placements, Restricted Securities, and IPOs and Other Limited Opportunities

   X    X    X    X    X

Investments in Other Investment Companies or Other Pooled Investments

   X    X    X    X    X

Investments in Other Investment Companies – Shares of Other GMO Trust Funds

   X    X    X    X    X

Investments in Subsidiary Companies – Shares of Wholly-Owned Subsidiary5

              

 

2


Table of Contents

International
Equity Funds

 

International
Core Equity
Fund

 

International
Intrinsic
Value Fund

 

International
Large/Mid
Cap Value
Fund

 

International
Growth
Equity Fund

 

International
Small
Companies
Fund

 

Asset
Allocation
International
Small
Companies
Fund

 

Tax-Managed
International
Equities Fund

 

Foreign
Fund

 

Foreign
Small
Companies
Fund

 

Emerging
Markets
Fund

 

Emerging
Countries
Fund

 

Emerging
Domestic
Opportunities
Fund

 

Taiwan
Fund

 

Flexible
Equities
Fund

 

Resources
Fund

 

Currency
Hedged
International
Equity Fund

U.S. Equity Securities1

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X       X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Foreign Investments – Foreign Issuers2

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Foreign Investments – Foreign Issuers (Traded on U.S. Exchanges)2

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Foreign Investments – Emerging Countries2

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Securities Lending

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Depositary Receipts

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Convertible Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Preferred Stocks

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Master Limited Partnerships

                              X  

Income Trusts

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Warrants and Rights

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Non-Standard Warrants (LEPOs and P-Notes)

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Options and Futures

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Foreign Currency Transactions

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Repurchase Agreements

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X       X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X       X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities – Long and Medium Term Corporate &Government Bonds3

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X       X   X   X   X   X   X   X

 

3


Table of Contents

International
Equity Funds

 

International
Core Equity
Fund

 

International
Intrinsic
Value Fund

 

International
Large/Mid
Cap Value
Fund

 

International
Growth
Equity Fund

 

International
Small
Companies
Fund

 

Asset
Allocation
International
Small
Companies
Fund

 

Tax-Managed
International
Equities Fund

 

Foreign
Fund

 

Foreign
Small
Companies
Fund

 

Emerging
Markets
Fund

 

Emerging
Countries
Fund

 

Emerging
Domestic
Opportunities
Fund

 

Taiwan
Fund

 

Flexible
Equities
Fund

 

Resources
Fund

 

Currency
Hedged
International
Equity Fund

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities – Short-Term Corporate & Government Bonds3

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X       X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities – Municipal Securities4

                            X     X

Cash and Other High Quality Investments

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

U.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Auction Rate Securities

                               

Real Estate Investment Trusts and Other Real Estate-Related Investments

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Asset-Backed and Related Securities

                               

Adjustable Rate Securities

                               

Below Investment Grade Securities

                    X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Distressed or Defaulted Instruments

                               

Brady Bonds

                               

Euro Bonds

                               

Zero Coupon Securities

                               

Indexed Investments

                    X   X   X   X   X     X

Structured Notes

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Firm Commitments and When-Issued Securities

                X   X   X   X   X   X   X     X

 

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Table of Contents

International
Equity Funds

 

International
Core Equity
Fund

 

International
Intrinsic
Value Fund

 

International
Large/Mid
Cap Value
Fund

 

International
Growth
Equity Fund

 

International
Small
Companies
Fund

 

Asset
Allocation
International
Small
Companies
Fund

 

Tax-Managed
International
Equities Fund

 

Foreign
Fund

 

Foreign
Small
Companies
Fund

 

Emerging
Markets
Fund

 

Emerging
Countries
Fund

 

Emerging
Domestic
Opportunities
Fund

 

Taiwan
Fund

 

Flexible
Equities
Fund

 

Resources
Fund

 

Currency
Hedged
International
Equity Fund

Loans, Loan Participations, and Assignments

                               

Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Roll Agreements

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Commodity-Related Investments

                              X  

Illiquid Securities, Private Placements, Restricted Securities, and IPOs and Other Limited Opportunities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Investments in Other Investment Companies or Other Pooled Investments

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Investments in Other Investment Companies – Shares of Other GMO Trust Funds

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Investments in Subsidiary Companies – Shares of Wholly-Owned Subsidiary5

                        X        

 

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Table of Contents

Global Equity Funds

   Quality Fund    Global Focused
Equity Fund
   Developed World
Stock Fund
   Risk Premium
Fund

U.S. Equity Securities1

   X    X    X    X

Foreign Investments – Foreign Issuers2

   X    X    X    X

Foreign Investments – Foreign Issuers (Traded on U.S. Exchanges)2

   X    X    X    X

Foreign Investments – Emerging Countries2

   X    X    X    X

Securities Lending

   X    X    X    X

Depositary Receipts

   X    X    X    X

Convertible Securities

   X    X    X    X

Preferred Stocks

   X    X    X    X

Master Limited Partnerships

           

Income Trusts

   X    X    X    X

Warrants and Rights

   X    X    X    X

Non-Standard Warrants (LEPOs and P-Notes)

      X    X    X

Options and Futures

   X    X    X    X

Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts

   X    X    X    X

Foreign Currency Transactions

   X    X    X    X

Repurchase Agreements

   X    X    X    X

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities

   X    X    X    X

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities – Long and Medium Term Corporate & Government Bonds3

   X    X    X    X

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities – Short-Term Corporate & Government Bonds3

   X    X    X    X

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities – Municipal Securities4

           

Cash and Other High Quality Investments

   X    X    X    X

U.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities

   X    X    X    X

Auction Rate Securities

           

Real Estate Investment Trusts and Other Real Estate-Related Investments

   X    X    X    X

Asset-Backed and Related Securities

           

Adjustable Rate Securities

           

Below Investment Grade Securities

      X      

Distressed or Defaulted Instruments

           

Brady Bonds

           

Euro Bonds

           

Zero Coupon Securities

           

Indexed Investments

      X       X

Structured Notes

      X    X   

Firm Commitments and When-Issued Securities

      X      

Loans, Loan Participations, and Assignments

           

Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Roll Agreements

   X    X    X    X

Commodity-Related Investments

           

Illiquid Securities, Private Placements, Restricted Securities, and IPOs and Other Limited Opportunities

   X    X    X    X

Investments in Other Investment Companies or Other Pooled Investments

   X    X    X    X

Investments in Other Investment Companies – Shares of Other GMO Trust Funds

   X    X    X    X

Investments in Subsidiary Companies – Shares of Wholly-Owned Subsidiary5

           

 

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Table of Contents

Fixed Income Funds

  Domestic
Bond
Fund
  Core
Plus
Bond
Fund
  International
Bond Fund
  Strategic
Fixed
Income
Fund
  Currency
Hedged
International
Bond Fund
  Global
Bond
Fund
  Emerging
Country
Debt
Fund
  Short-
Duration
Collateral
Fund
  Short-
Duration
Collateral
Share
Fund
  U.S.
Treasury
Fund
  Asset
Allocation
Bond
Fund
  Asset
Allocation
International
Bond Fund

U.S. Equity Securities1

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X     X   X

Foreign Investments – Foreign Issuers2

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X     X   X

Foreign Investments – Foreign Issuers (Traded on U.S. Exchanges)2

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X     X   X

Foreign Investments – Emerging Countries2

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X     X   X

Securities Lending

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X     X   X

Depositary Receipts

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X         X   X

Convertible Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X     X   X

Preferred Stocks

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X         X   X

Master Limited Partnerships

                       

Income Trusts

                       

Warrants and Rights

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Non-Standard Warrants (LEPOs and P-Notes)

                       

Options and Futures

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Foreign Currency Transactions

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X     X   X

Repurchase Agreements

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities – Long and Medium Term Corporate & Government Bonds3

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X     X   X

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities – Short-Term Corporate & Government Bonds3

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities – Municipal Securities4

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X         X   X

Cash and Other High Quality Investments

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

U.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X6   X   X

Auction Rate Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X     X   X

Real Estate Investment Trusts and Other Real Estate-Related Investments

                       

Asset-Backed and Related Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X     X   X

Adjustable Rate Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X     X   X

Below Investment Grade Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X     X   X

Distressed or Defaulted Instruments

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X     X   X

Brady Bonds

    X   X   X   X   X   X         X   X

Euro Bonds

    X   X   X   X   X   X         X   X

Zero Coupon Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X     X   X

Indexed Investments

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X     X   X

Structured Notes

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Firm Commitments and When-Issued Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X     X   X

Loans, Loan Participations, and Assignments

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X         X   X

Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Roll Agreements

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Commodity-Related Investments

                       

Illiquid Securities, Private Placements, Restricted Securities, and IPOs and Other Limited Opportunities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X7   X   X

Investments in Other Investment Companies or Other Pooled Investments

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Investments in Other Investment Companies – Shares of Other GMO Trust Funds

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X     X     X   X

Investments in Subsidiary Companies – Shares of Wholly-Owned Subsidiary5

                       

 

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Table of Contents

Asset Allocation Funds

  U.S.
Equity
Allocation
Fund
  International
Equity
Allocation
Fund
  International
Opportunities
Equity
Allocation
Fund
  Global
Equity
Allocation
Fund
  World
Opportunities
Equity
Allocation
Fund
  Global
Asset
Allocation
Fund
  Strategic
Opportunities
Allocation
Fund
  Benchmark-
Free
Allocation
Fund
  Alpha
Only
Fund

U.S. Equity Securities1

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Foreign Investments – Foreign Issuers2

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Foreign Investments – Foreign Issuers (Traded on U.S. Exchanges)2

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Foreign Investments – Emerging Countries2

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Securities Lending

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Depositary Receipts

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Convertible Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Preferred Stocks

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Master Limited Partnerships

    X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Income Trusts

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Warrants and Rights

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Non-Standard Warrants (LEPOs and P-Notes)

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Options and Futures

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Foreign Currency Transactions

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Repurchase Agreements

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities – Long and Medium Term Corporate & Government Bonds3

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities – Short-Term Corporate & Government Bonds3

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities – Municipal Securities4

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Cash and Other High Quality Investments

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

U.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Auction Rate Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Real Estate Investment Trusts and Other Real Estate-Related Investments

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Asset-Backed and Related Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Adjustable Rate Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Below Investment Grade Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Distressed or Defaulted Instruments

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Brady Bonds

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Euro Bonds

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Zero Coupon Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Indexed Investments

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Structured Notes

    X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Firm Commitments and When-Issued Securities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Loans, Loan Participations, and Assignments

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Roll Agreements

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Commodity-Related Investments

    X   X   X   X   X   X   X  

 

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Asset Allocation Funds

  U.S.
Equity
Allocation
Fund
  International
Equity
Allocation
Fund
  International
Opportunities
Equity
Allocation
Fund
  Global
Equity
Allocation
Fund
  World
Opportunities
Equity
Allocation
Fund
  Global
Asset
Allocation
Fund
  Strategic
Opportunities
Allocation
Fund
  Benchmark-
Free
Allocation
Fund
  Alpha
Only
Fund

Illiquid Securities, Private Placements, Restricted Securities, and IPOs and Other Limited Opportunities

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Investments in Other Investment Companies or Other Pooled Investments

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Investments in Other Investment Companies – Shares of Other GMO Trust Funds

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X

Investments in Subsidiary Companies – Shares of Wholly-Owned Subsidiary5

                X  

Footnotes to Fund Investments Charts

 

1  For more information, see, among other sections, “Description of Principal Risks – Market Risk – Equities” in the Prospectus.
2 For more information, see, among other sections, “Description of Principal Risks – Non-U.S. Investment Risk” in the Prospectus and “Descriptions and Risks of Fund Investments – Risks of Non-U.S. Investments” herein.
3 For more information, see, among other sections, “Descriptions and Risks of Fund Investments – U.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities” herein.
4  For more information, see, among other sections, “Descriptions and Risks of Fund Investments – Municipal Securities” herein.
5  For more information, see, among other sections, “Descriptions and Risks of Fund Investments – Investments in Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries” herein.
6  U.S. Treasury Fund is not generally permitted to invest in Foreign Government Securities.
7  U.S. Treasury Fund is not generally permitted to invest in Private Placements, Restricted Securities, and IPOs and Other Limited Opportunities.

(Note: Some of the footnotes to the above charts refer investors to various risks described in the “Description of Principal Risks” section of the Prospectus for more information relating to a particular type of investment listed in the charts. The presence of such a risk cross reference for a particular Fund investment is not intended to indicate that such risk is a principal risk of that Fund, and instead is intended to provide more information regarding the risks associated with the particular investment. Please refer to the “Fund Summaries” and “Description of Principal Risks” sections of the Prospectus for a description of each Fund’s principal risks.)

 

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DESCRIPTIONS AND RISKS OF FUND INVESTMENTS

The following is a description of investment practices in which the Funds may engage and the risks associated with their use. The Asset Allocation Funds (as well as other Funds that invest in other GMO Funds or other investment companies (“underlying Funds”), as noted in the Prospectus or in “Fund Investments” in this SAI) are indirectly exposed to the investment practices of the underlying Funds in which they invest, and are therefore subject to all risks associated with the practices of the underlying Funds. UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED HEREIN, THE INVESTMENT PRACTICES AND ASSOCIATED RISKS DETAILED BELOW ALSO INCLUDE THOSE TO WHICH A FUND INDIRECTLY MAY BE EXPOSED THROUGH ITS INVESTMENT IN THE UNDERLYING FUNDS. ANY REFERENCES TO INVESTMENTS MADE BY A FUND INCLUDE THOSE THAT MAY BE MADE BOTH DIRECTLY BY THE FUND AND INDIRECTLY BY THE FUND (E.G., THROUGH ITS INVESTMENTS IN THE UNDERLYING FUNDS OR THROUGH ITS INVESTMENTS IN DERIVATIVES OR SYNTHETIC INSTRUMENTS).

Not all Funds may engage in all practices described below. Please refer to “Fund Summaries” in the Prospectus and “Fund Investments” in this SAI for additional information regarding the practices in which a particular Fund may engage.

Portfolio Turnover

Based on Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC’s (“GMO” or the “Manager”) assessment of market conditions, the Manager may trade each Fund’s investments more frequently at some times than at others, resulting in a higher portfolio turnover rate. Increased portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, which will be borne directly by a Fund, and which may adversely affect the Fund’s performance. It also may give rise to additional taxable income for its shareholders, including through the realization of capital gains or other types of income that are taxable to Fund shareholders when distributed by a Fund to them, unless those shareholders are themselves exempt from taxation or otherwise investing in the Fund through a tax-advantaged account. If portfolio turnover results in the recognition of short-term capital gains, those gains, when distributed to shareholders, typically are taxed to shareholders at ordinary income tax rates. The after-tax impact of portfolio turnover is not considered when making investment decisions for a Fund, except for Tax-Managed International Equities Fund. See “Distribution and Taxes” in the Prospectus and “Distributions” and “Taxes” in this SAI for more information.

Other than International Large/Mid Cap Value Fund, Asset Allocation International Small Companies Fund, and Asset Allocation International Bond Fund, each of which did not commence operations prior to the end of the most recent fiscal year, the historical portfolio turnover rate for each Fund is shown under the heading “Financial Highlights” in the Fund’s Prospectus. Changes in portfolio turnover rates were generally the result of active trading strategies employed by such Funds’ portfolio managers in response to market conditions, and not reflective of a material change in investment strategy.

Diversified and Non-Diversified Portfolios

As set forth in “Investment Restrictions” below, Funds that are “diversified” funds are required to satisfy the diversified fund requirements under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as

 

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amended (the “1940 Act”). At least 75% of the value of a diversified fund’s total assets must be represented by cash and cash items (including receivables), government securities, securities of other investment companies, and other securities that for the purposes of this calculation are limited in respect of any one issuer to not greater than 5% of the value of the fund’s total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any single issuer.

As stated in the Prospectus, Funds that are “non-diversified” funds under the 1940 Act are not required to satisfy the requirements for diversified funds. A non-diversified Fund is permitted (but is not required) to invest a higher percentage of its assets in the securities of fewer issuers. That concentration could increase the risk of loss to a Fund resulting from a decline in the market value of particular portfolio securities. Investment in a non-diversified fund may entail greater risks than investment in a diversified fund.

All Funds, whether diversified or non-diversified, must meet diversification standards to qualify as a “regulated investment company” under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). See “Taxes” below for a description of these diversification standards.

Accelerated Transactions

For a Fund to take advantage of certain available investment opportunities, the Manager may need to make investment decisions on an expedited basis. In such cases, the information available to the Manager at the time of an investment decision may be limited. The Manager may not, therefore, have access to the detailed information necessary for a full analysis and evaluation of the investment opportunity.

Risks of Non-U.S. Investments

General. Investment in non-U.S. issuers or securities principally traded outside the United States may involve special risks due to foreign economic, political, and legal developments, including favorable or unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates, exchange control regulations (including currency blockage), expropriation, nationalization or confiscatory taxation of assets, and possible difficulty in obtaining and enforcing judgments against foreign entities. A Fund may be subject to foreign taxes on (i) capital gains it realizes or dividends or interest it receives on non-U.S. securities, (ii) transactions in those securities, or (iii) the repatriation of proceeds generated from the sale of those securities. Any taxes or other charges paid or incurred by a Fund in respect of its foreign securities will reduce its yield. A Fund may seek to collect a refund in respect of taxes paid to a non-U.S. country. In those cases, all or a portion of those taxes could ultimately be recovered by a Fund. However, the recovery process could take several years and the Fund will incur expenses in its efforts to collect the refund, which will reduce the benefit of any recovery. A Fund’s efforts to collect a refund may not be successful, in which case the Fund will have incurred additional expenses for no economic benefit. A Fund’s decision to pursue a refund is in its sole discretion, and it may decide not to pursue a refund, even if eligible. See “Taxes” below for more information about other special tax considerations applicable to non-U.S. investments.

In addition, the tax laws of some foreign jurisdictions in which a Fund may invest are unclear and interpretations of such laws can change over time, including on a retroactive basis in which

 

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case a Fund and/or its shareholders, as applicable, could potentially incur foreign taxes on a retroactive basis. Moreover, in order to comply with guidance related to the accounting and disclosure of uncertain tax positions under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), a Fund may be required to accrue for book purposes certain foreign taxes in respect of its foreign securities or other foreign investments that it may or may not ultimately pay. Such tax accruals will reduce a Fund’s net asset value at the time accrued, even though, in some cases, the Fund ultimately will not pay the related tax liabilities. Conversely, a Fund’s net asset value will be increased by any tax accruals that are ultimately reversed.

Issuers of foreign securities are subject to different, often less comprehensive, accounting, custody, reporting, and disclosure requirements than U.S. issuers. The securities of some foreign governments, companies, and securities markets are less liquid, and at times more volatile, than comparable U.S. securities and securities markets. Foreign brokerage commissions and related fees also are generally higher than in the United States. Funds that invest in foreign securities also may be affected by different custody and/or settlement practices or delayed settlements in some foreign markets. The laws of some foreign countries may limit a Fund’s ability to invest in securities of certain issuers located in those countries. Foreign countries may have reporting requirements with respect to the ownership of securities, and those reporting requirements may be subject to interpretation or change without prior notice to investors. While the Funds make reasonable efforts to stay informed of foreign reporting requirements relating to the Funds’ foreign portfolio securities (e.g., through the Funds’ brokerage contacts, publications of the Investment Company Institute, which is the national association of U.S. investment companies, the Funds’ custodial network, and, to the extent deemed appropriate by the Funds under the circumstances, local counsel in the relevant foreign country), no assurance can be given that the Funds will satisfy applicable foreign reporting requirements at all times.

Emerging Countries. The risks described above apply to an even greater extent to investments in emerging countries. Taiwan is considered by the Manager to be an emerging country. The securities markets of emerging countries are generally smaller, less developed, less liquid, and more volatile than the securities markets of the United States and developed foreign countries, and disclosure and regulatory standards in many respects are less stringent. In addition, the securities markets of emerging countries are typically subject to a lower level of monitoring and regulation. Government enforcement of existing securities regulations is limited, and any such enforcement may be arbitrary and the results may be difficult to predict. In addition, reporting requirements of emerging countries with respect to the ownership of securities are more likely to be subject to interpretation or changes without prior notice to investors than more developed countries.

Many emerging countries have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation for many years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may continue to have negative effects on such countries’ economies and securities markets.

Economies of emerging countries generally are heavily dependent on international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be affected adversely by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values, and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. Economies of emerging countries

 

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also have been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade. The economies of emerging countries may be predominantly based on only a few industries or dependent on revenues from particular commodities. In many cases, governments of emerging countries continue to exercise significant control over their economies, and government actions relative to the economy, as well as economic developments generally, may affect the capacity of creditors in those countries to make payments on their debt obligations, regardless of their financial condition.

Custodial services are often more expensive and other investment-related costs higher in emerging countries than in developed countries, which could reduce a Fund’s income from investments in securities or debt instruments of emerging country issuers.

Emerging countries are more likely than developed countries to experience political uncertainty and instability, including the risk of war, terrorism, nationalization, limitations on the removal of funds or other assets, or diplomatic developments that affect U.S. investments in these countries. No assurance can be given that adverse political changes will not cause a Fund to suffer a loss of any or all of its investments (or, in the case of fixed-income securities, interest) in emerging countries.

Special Risks of Investing in Asian Securities. In addition to the risks of foreign investments and emerging countries investments described above, investments in Asia are subject to other risks. The economies of Asian countries are at varying levels of development. Markets of countries whose economies are in the early stages of development typically exhibit a high concentration of market capitalization and have less trading volume, lower liquidity, and more volatility that more developed markets. Some Asian countries depend heavily on foreign trade. The economies of some Asian countries are not diversified and are based on only a few commodities or industries.

Investments in Asia also are susceptible to social, political, legal, and operational risks. Some countries have authoritarian or relatively unstable governments. Some governments in the region provide less supervision and regulation of their financial markets and in some countries less financial information is available than is typical of more developed markets. Some Asian countries restrict direct foreign investment in securities markets, and investments in securities traded on those markets may be made, if at all, only indirectly (e.g., through Depositary Receipts, as defined below under “Depositary Receipts,” derivatives, etc.). For example, Taiwan permits foreign investment only through authorized qualified foreign institutional investors (“FINI”). For Taiwan Fund, the Manager is registered with the Securities and Futures Commission of Taiwan as a FINI and is therefore authorized to invest directly in the Taiwanese securities market, subject to certain limitations including a maximum investment amount. Taiwan Fund is listed as a sub-account under the Manager’s FINI license and is authorized to invest directly in the Taiwanese securities market. Taiwan Fund’s ability to continue to invest directly in Taiwan is subject to the risk that the Manager’s FINI license or the Fund’s sub-account under the Manager’s FINI license may be terminated or suspended by the Securities and Futures Commission. In addition, the maximum investment amount permitted under the Manager’s FINI license applies to investments by the Manager, Taiwan Fund, and any other entities listed as sub-accounts under the Manager’s license. Investments by the Manager and any

 

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other sub-accounts may limit the amount which Taiwan Fund can invest, and the activities of the other entities listed as sub-accounts could cause the termination or suspension of the Manager’s FINI license.

Asian countries periodically experience increases in market volatility and declines in foreign currency exchange rates. Currency fluctuations affect the value of securities because the prices of these securities are generally denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates can also affect a country’s or company’s ability to service its debt.

Investment in particular Asian countries is subject to unique risks, yet the political and economic prospects of one country or group of countries can affect other countries in the region. For example, the economies of some Asian countries are directly affected by Japanese capital investment in the region and by Japanese consumer demands. In addition, a recession, a debt crisis, or a decline in currency valuation in one Asian country may spread to other Asian countries. The risks of investing in Asian countries are particularly pronounced for Taiwan Fund, which invests primarily in Taiwan. Such risks also may be particularly pronounced for Flexible Equities Fund, which, as of the date of this SAI, had invested substantially all of its assets in equity investments tied economically to Japan.

Special Risks of Investing in Russian Securities. Certain of the Funds may invest directly in the securities of Russian issuers. Certain other Funds may have indirect exposure to Russian securities through their investment in one or more of the GMO Funds with direct investments in Russia. Investment in those securities presents many of the same risks as investing in the securities of emerging country issuers, as described in the preceding sections. The social, political, legal, and operational risks of investing in Russian issuers, and of having assets held in custody within Russia, however, may be particularly pronounced relative to investments in more developed countries. Russia’s system of share registration and custody creates certain risks of loss (including the risk of total loss) that are not normally associated with investments in other securities markets.

A risk of particular note with respect to direct investment in Russian securities results from the way in which ownership of shares of companies is normally recorded. Ownership of shares (except where shares are held through depositories that meet the requirements of the 1940 Act) is defined according to entries in the company’s share register and normally evidenced by “share extracts” from the register or, in certain circumstances, by formal share certificates. However, there is no central registration system for shareholders and these services are carried out by the companies themselves or by registrars located throughout Russia. The share registrars are controlled by the issuer of the security, and investors are provided with few legal rights against such registrars. These registrars are not necessarily subject to effective state supervision, nor are they licensed with any governmental entity. It is possible for a Fund to lose its registration through fraud, negligence, or even mere oversight. A Fund will endeavor to ensure that its interest is appropriately recorded, which may involve a custodian or other agent inspecting the share register and obtaining extracts of share registers through regular confirmations. However, these extracts have no legal enforceability and it is possible that a subsequent illegal amendment or other fraudulent act may deprive the Fund of its ownership rights or improperly dilute its

 

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interests. In addition, while applicable Russian regulations impose liability on registrars for losses resulting from their errors, it may be difficult for a Fund to enforce any rights it may have against the registrar or issuer of the securities in the event of a loss of share registration. Further, significant delays or problems may occur in registering the transfer of securities, which could cause a Fund to incur losses due to a counterparty’s failure to pay for securities the Fund has delivered or the Fund’s inability to complete its contractual obligations because of theft or other reasons.

Also, although a Russian public enterprise having a certain minimum number of shareholders is required by law to contract out the maintenance of its shareholder register to an independent entity that meets certain criteria, this regulation has not always been strictly enforced in practice. Because of this lack of independence, management of a company may be able to exert considerable influence over who can purchase and sell the company’s shares by illegally instructing the registrar to refuse to record transactions in the share register.

Securities Lending

A Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities amounting to not more than one-third of its total assets (one-quarter in the case of International Intrinsic Value Fund, International Large/Mid Cap Value Fund, and Currency Hedged International Equity Fund). For these purposes, total assets include the proceeds of such loans. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, consist of possible delay in recovery of the securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially, including possible impairment of the Fund’s ability to vote the securities. However, securities loans will be made to broker-dealers that the Manager believes to be of relatively high credit standing pursuant to agreements requiring that the loans be collateralized by cash, liquid securities, or shares of other investment companies with a value at least equal to the market value of the loaned securities (marked to market daily). If a loan is collateralized by U.S. government or other securities, the Fund receives a fee from the borrower. If a loan is collateralized by cash, the Fund typically invests the cash collateral for its own account in one or more money market funds (in which case the Fund will bear its pro rata share of such money market fund’s fees and expenses), or directly in interest-bearing, short-term securities, and typically pays a fee to the borrower that normally represents a portion of the Fund’s earnings on the collateral. As with other extensions of credit, the Fund bears the risk of delay in the recovery of loaned securities and of loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. The Fund also bears the risk that the value of investments made with collateral may decline. The Fund bears the risk of total loss with respect to the investment of collateral.

Voting rights or rights to consent with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower. The Fund has the right to call loans at any time on reasonable notice and will do so if both (i) the Manager receives adequate notice of a proposal upon which shareholders are being asked to vote, and (ii) the Manager believes that the benefits to the Fund of voting on such proposal outweigh the benefits to the Fund of having the security remain out on loan. However, the Fund bears the risk of delay in the return of the security, impairing the Fund’s ability to vote on such matters. The Manager has retained lending agents on behalf of several of the Funds that are compensated based on a percentage of the Fund’s return on its securities lending. The Funds also may pay various fees in connection with securities loans, including shipping fees and custodian fees.

 

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Depositary Receipts

Many of the Funds invest in American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), and European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) or other similar securities representing ownership of foreign securities (collectively, “Depositary Receipts”) if issues of such Depositary Receipts are available that are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. Depositary Receipts generally evidence an ownership interest in a corresponding foreign security on deposit with a financial institution. Transactions in Depositary Receipts usually do not settle in the same currency as the underlying foreign securities are denominated or traded. Generally, ADRs are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets and EDRs are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs may be traded in any public or private securities market and may represent securities held by institutions located anywhere in the world. GDRs and other types of Depositary Receipts are typically issued by foreign banks or trust companies, although they may be issued by U.S. financial institutions, and evidence ownership interests in a security or pool of securities issued by either a foreign or a domestic corporation.

Because the value of a Depositary Receipt is dependent upon the market price of an underlying foreign security, Depositary Receipts are subject to most of the risks associated with investing in foreign securities directly. Depositary Receipts may be issued as sponsored or unsponsored programs. See “Risks of Non-U.S. Investments.” Depositary Receipts also may be subject to liquidity risk.

Convertible Securities

A convertible security is a security (a bond or preferred stock) that may be converted at a stated price within a specified period into a specified number of shares of common stock of the same or a different issuer. Convertible securities are senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure, but are usually subordinated to senior debt obligations of the issuer. Convertible securities provide holders, through their conversion feature, an opportunity to participate in increases in the market price of their underlying securities. The price of a convertible security is influenced by the market price of the underlying security, and tends to increase as the market price rises and decrease as the market price declines. The Manager regards convertible securities as a form of equity security.

The value of a convertible security is a function of its “investment value” (determined by its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege) and its “conversion value” (the security’s worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock). The investment value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors also may have an effect on the convertible security’s investment value. The conversion value of a convertible security is determined by the market price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, as in the case of “broken” or “busted” convertibles, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its

 

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investment value. To the extent the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security will be increasingly influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security generally will sell at a premium over its conversion value by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding a fixed income security. Generally, the amount of the premium decreases as the convertible security approaches maturity.

A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument. If a convertible security held by a Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security, convert it into the underlying common stock, or sell it to a third party.

Preferred Stocks

Preferred stocks include convertible and non-convertible preferred and preference stocks that are senior to common stock. Preferred stocks are equity securities that are senior to common stock with respect to the right to receive dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from the issuer’s liquidation. Some preferred stocks also entitle their holders to receive additional liquidation proceeds on the same basis as holders of the issuer’s common stock, and thus represent an ownership interest in the issuer. Depending on the features of the particular security, holders of preferred stock may bear the risks disclosed in the Prospectus or this SAI regarding equity or fixed income securities.

Investment in preferred stocks involves certain risks. Certain preferred stocks contain provisions that allow an issuer under certain conditions to skip or defer distributions. If a Fund owns a preferred stock that is deferring its distribution, it may be required to report income for tax purposes despite the fact that it is not receiving current income on this position. Preferred stocks often are subject to legal provisions that allow for redemption in the event of certain tax or legal changes or at the issuer’s call. In the event of redemption, a Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable rates of return. Preferred stocks are subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure in terms of priority for corporate income and liquidation payments, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than those debt securities. Preferred stocks may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities, such as common stocks, corporate debt securities, and U.S. government securities.

Master Limited Partnerships

A master limited partnership (“MLP”) generally is a publicly traded company organized as a limited partnership or limited liability company and treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. MLPs may derive income and gains from, among other things, the exploration, development, mining or production, processing, refining, transportation (including pipelines transporting gas, oil, or products thereof), or the marketing of any mineral or natural resources. MLPs generally have two classes of owners, the general partner and limited partners. The general partner of an MLP is typically owned by one or more of the following: a major energy company, an investment fund, or the direct management of the MLP. The general partner may be structured as a private or publicly traded corporation or other entity. The general partner

 

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typically controls the operations and management of the MLP through an up to 2% equity interest in the MLP plus, in many cases, ownership of common units and subordinated units. Limited partners own the remainder of the partnership, through ownership of common units, and have a limited role in the partnership’s operations and management. For purposes of qualifying as a regulated investment company under the Code, the extent to which Resources Fund can invest in MLPs is limited. See “Taxes” below for more information about these and other special tax considerations that can arise in respect of Resources Fund’s investments in MLPs.

MLP securities in which Resources Fund may invest can include, but are not limited to: (i) equity securities of MLPs, including common units, preferred units or convertible subordinated units; (ii) debt securities of MLPs, including debt securities rated below investment grade; (iii) securities of MLP affiliates; (iv) securities of open-end funds, closed-end funds or exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) that invest primarily in MLP securities; or (v) exchange-traded notes whose returns are linked to the returns of MLPs or MLP indices.

The risks of investing in an MLP are generally those inherent in investing in a partnership as opposed to a corporation. For example, state law governing partnerships is often less restrictive than state law governing corporations. Accordingly, there may be fewer protections afforded investors in an MLP than investors in a corporation. Additional risks involved with investing in an MLP are risks associated with the specific industry or industries in which the partnership invests.

Income Trusts

Income trusts are investment trusts that hold income-producing assets and distribute income generated by such assets to the “unitholders” of the trust, which are entitled to participate in the trust’s income and capital as its beneficiaries.

Income trusts generally invest in assets that provide a return to the trust and its unitholders based on the cash flows of an underlying business. Such assets may include equity and debt instruments, royalty interests or real properties. The income trust can receive interest, royalty or lease payments from an operating entity carrying on a business, as well as dividends and a return of capital.

Income trusts also may include royalty trusts, a particular type of income trust whose securities are listed on a stock exchange and which controls an underlying company whose business relates to, without limitation, the acquisition, exploitation, production and sale of oil and natural gas.

Investments in income trusts (including royalty trusts) are subject to operating risk based on the income trust’s underlying assets and their respective businesses. Such risks may include lack of or limited operating histories. Income trusts are particularly subject to interest rate risk and increases in interest rates offered by competing investments may diminish the value of trust units. Changes in the interest rate also may affect the value of future distributions from the income trust’s underlying assets or the value of the underlying assets themselves. Interest rate risk is also present within the income trusts themselves because they often hold very long term capital assets, and much of the excess distributable income is derived from a maturity (or

 

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duration) mismatch between the life of the asset and the life of the financing associated with it. In an increasing interest rate environment, the income trust’s distributions to its unitholders may decrease. Income trusts also may be subject to additional risk, including, without limitation, limited access to debt markets.

Income trusts do not guarantee minimum distributions or returns of capital to unitholders. The amount of distributions paid on a trust’s units will vary from time to time based on production levels, commodity prices, royalty rates and certain expenses, deductions and costs, as well as on the distribution payout ratio policy adopted. The reduction or elimination of distributions to unitholders may decrease the value of trust units. Income trusts generally pay out to unitholders the majority of the cash flow that they receive from the production and sale of underlying assets. As a result of distributing the bulk of their cash flow to unitholders, the ability of a trust to finance internal growth is limited. Therefore, income trusts typically grow through acquisition of additional assets, funded through the issuance of additional equity or, where the trust is able, additional debt. Because an income trust may make distributions to unitholders in excess of its net income, unitholder equity may decline over time.

Finally, for purposes of qualifying as a regulated investment company under the Code, the extent to which the Funds can invest in a particular income trust may be limited, depending, for instance, on the trust’s treatment for U.S. federal income tax purposes and its underlying assets. See “Taxes” below for more information about these and other special tax considerations that can arise in respect of the Funds’ investments in income trusts, including royalty trusts.

Warrants and Rights

Warrants and rights generally give the holder the right to receive, upon exercise, a security of the issuer at a stated price. Funds typically use warrants and rights in a manner similar to their use of options on securities, as described in “Options and Futures” below. Risks associated with the use of warrants and rights are generally similar to risks associated with the use of options. Unlike most options, however, warrants and rights are issued in specific amounts, and warrants generally have longer terms than options. Warrants and rights are not likely to be as liquid as exchange-traded options backed by a recognized clearing agency. In addition, the terms of warrants or rights may limit a Fund’s ability to exercise the warrants or rights at such time, or in such quantities, as the Fund would otherwise wish.

Non-Standard Warrants. From time to time, certain Funds may use non-standard warrants, including low exercise price warrants or low exercise price options (“LEPOs”) and participatory notes (“P-Notes”), to gain exposure to issuers in certain countries. LEPOs are different from standard warrants in that they do not give their holders the right to receive a security of the issuer upon exercise. Rather, LEPOs pay the holder the difference in price of the underlying security between the date the LEPO was purchased and the date it is sold. P-Notes are a type of equity-linked derivative that generally are traded over-the-counter and constitute general unsecured contractual obligations of the banks or broker-dealers that issue them. Generally, banks and broker-dealers associated with non-U.S.-based brokerage firms buy securities listed on certain foreign exchanges and then issue P-Notes that are designed to replicate the performance of certain issuers and markets. The performance results of P-Notes will not replicate exactly the performance of the issuers or markets that the notes seek to replicate due to transaction costs and

 

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other expenses. The return on a P-Note that is linked to a particular underlying security generally is increased to the extent of any dividends paid in connection with the underlying security. However, the holder of a P-Note typically does not receive voting or other rights as it would if it directly owned the underlying security, and P-Notes present similar risks to investing directly in the underlying security. Additionally, LEPOs and P-Notes entail the same risks as other over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives. These include the risk that the counterparty or issuer of the LEPO or P-Note may not be able to fulfill its obligations, that the holder and counterparty or issuer may disagree as to the meaning or application of contractual terms, or that the instrument may not perform as expected. See “Description of Principal Risks – Derivatives Risk” and “ – Counterparty Risk” in the Prospectus and “Uses of Derivatives” below. Additionally, while LEPOs or P-Notes may be listed on an exchange, there is no guarantee that a liquid market will exist or that the counterparty or issuer of a LEPO or P-Note will be willing to repurchase such instrument when the Fund wishes to sell it.

Options and Futures

Many of the Funds use options and futures for various purposes, including for investment purposes and as a means to hedge other investments. See “Uses of Derivatives” below for more information regarding the various derivatives strategies those Funds may employ using options and futures. The use of options contracts, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts involves risk. Thus, while a Fund may benefit from the use of options, futures, and options on futures, unanticipated changes in interest rates, securities prices, currency exchange rates, or other underlying assets or reference rates may adversely affect a Fund’s performance.

Options on Securities and Indices. Many of the Funds may purchase and sell put and call options on equity, fixed income, or other securities or indices in standardized exchange-traded contracts. An option on a security or index is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for a premium, the right (but not the obligation) to buy from (in the case of a call) or sell to (in the case of a put) the writer of the option the security underlying the option (or the cash value of the index underlying the option) at a specified price. Upon exercise, the writer of an option on a security has the obligation to deliver the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security. Upon exercise, the writer of an option on an index is required to pay the difference between the cash value of the index and the exercise price multiplied by the specified multiplier for the index option.

Purchasing Options on Securities and Indices. Among other reasons, a Fund may purchase a put option to hedge against a decline in the value of a portfolio security. If such a decline occurs, the put option will permit the Fund to sell the security at the higher exercise price or to close out the option at a profit. By using put options in this manner, the Fund will reduce any profit it might otherwise have realized in the underlying security by the amount of the premium paid for the put option and by its transaction costs. In order for a put option purchased by a Fund to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the premium paid by the Fund and transaction costs.

Among other reasons, a Fund may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing in the future. If such a price increase occurs, a call

 

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option will permit the Fund to purchase the securities at the exercise price or to close out the option at a profit. The premium paid for the call option, plus any transaction costs, will reduce the benefit, if any, that the Fund realizes upon exercise of the option and, unless the price of the underlying security rises sufficiently, the option may expire worthless to the Fund. Thus, for a call option purchased by a Fund to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must rise sufficiently above the exercise price to cover the premium paid by the Fund to the writer and transaction costs.

In the case of both call and put options, the purchaser of an option risks losing the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs if the option expires worthless.

Writing Options on Securities and Indices. Because a Fund receives a premium for writing a put or call option, a Fund may seek to increase its return by writing call or put options on securities or indices. The premium a Fund receives for writing an option will increase the Fund’s return in the event the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a profit. The size of the premium a Fund receives reflects, among other things, the relationship of the market price and volatility of the underlying security or index to the exercise price of the option, the remaining term of the option, supply and demand, and interest rates.

A Fund may write a call option on a security or other instrument held by the Fund (commonly known as “writing a covered call option”). In such case, the Fund limits its opportunity to profit from an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. Alternatively, a Fund may write a call option on securities in which it may invest but that are not currently held by the Fund (commonly known as “writing a naked call option”). During periods of declining securities prices or when prices are stable, writing these types of call options can be a profitable strategy to increase a Fund’s income with minimal capital risk. However, when securities prices increase, the Fund is exposed to an increased risk of loss, because if the price of the underlying security or instrument exceeds the option’s exercise price, the Fund will suffer a loss equal to the amount by which the market price exceeds the exercise price at the time the call option is exercised, minus the premium received. Calls written on securities that the Fund does not own are riskier than calls written on securities owned by the Fund because there is no underlying security held by the Fund that can act as a partial hedge. When such a call is exercised, the Fund must purchase the underlying security to meet its call obligation or make a payment equal to the value of its obligation in order to close out the option. Calls written on securities that the Fund does not own have speculative characteristics and the potential for loss is unlimited. There is also a risk, especially with less liquid preferred and debt securities, that the securities may not be available for purchase.

A Fund also may write a put option on a security. In so doing, the Fund assumes the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price higher than its then-current market price, resulting in a loss on exercise equal to the amount by which the market price of the security is below the exercise price minus the premium received.

OTC Options. A Fund also may invest in OTC options. OTC options differ from exchange-traded options in that they are two-party contracts, with price and other terms negotiated between the buyer and seller, and generally do not have as much market liquidity as exchange-traded options.

 

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Closing Options Transactions. The holder of an option may terminate its position in a put or call option it has purchased by allowing it to expire or by exercising the option. If an option is American-style, it may be exercised on any day up to its expiration date. In contrast, a European-style option may be exercised only on its expiration date.

In addition, a holder of an option may terminate its obligation prior to the option’s expiration by effecting an offsetting closing transaction. In the case of exchange-traded options, a Fund, as a holder of an option, may effect an offsetting closing sale transaction by selling an option of the same series as the option previously purchased. A Fund realizes a loss from a closing sale transaction if the premium received from the sale of the option is less than the premium paid to purchase the option (plus transaction costs). Similarly, a Fund that has written an option may effect an offsetting closing purchase transaction by buying an option of the same series as the option previously written. A Fund realizes a loss from a closing purchase transaction if the cost of the closing purchase transaction (option premium plus transaction costs) is greater than the premium received from writing the option. If a Fund desires to sell a security on which it has written a call option, it will effect a closing purchase prior to or concurrently with the sale of the security. There can be no assurance, however, that a closing purchase or sale can be effected when a Fund desires to do so.

Risk Factors in Options Transactions. The market price of options written by a Fund will be affected by many factors, including changes in the market price or dividend rates of underlying securities (or in the case of indices, the securities comprising such indices); changes in interest rates or exchange rates; changes in the actual or perceived volatility of the relevant stock market and underlying securities; and the time remaining before an option’s expiration. The market price of an option also may be adversely affected if the market for the option becomes less liquid. In addition, since an American-style option allows the holder to exercise its rights any time prior to the option’s expiration, the writer of an American-style option has no control over when it may be required to fulfill its obligations as a writer of the option. (This risk is not present when writing a European-style option since the holder may only exercise the option on its expiration date.)

The Funds’ ability to use options as part of their investment programs depends on the liquidity of those instruments. In addition, a liquid market may not exist when a Fund seeks to close out an option position. If a Fund were unable to close out an option that it had purchased on a security, it would have to exercise the option in order to realize any profit or the option may expire worthless. As the writer of a call option on a portfolio security, during the option’s life, the Fund foregoes the opportunity to profit from increases in the market value of the security underlying the call option above the sum of the premium and the strike price of the call, but retains the risk of loss (net of premiums received) should the price of the underlying security decline. Similarly, as the writer of a call option on a securities index, a Fund foregoes the opportunity to profit from increases in the index over the strike price of the option, though it retains the risk of loss (net of premiums received) should the price of the Fund’s portfolio securities decline. If a Fund writes a call option and does not hold the underlying security or instrument, the amount of the Fund’s potential loss is theoretically unlimited.

 

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An exchange-traded option may be closed out by means of an offsetting transaction only on a national securities exchange (“Exchange”), which provides a secondary market for an option of the same series. If a liquid secondary market for an exchange-traded option does not exist, a Fund might not be able to effect an offsetting closing transaction for a particular option. Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an Exchange include the following: (i) insufficient trading interest in some options; (ii) restrictions by an Exchange on opening or closing transactions, or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions, or other restrictions on particular classes or series of options or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or unforeseen interruptions in normal operations on an Exchange; (v) inability to handle current trading volume; or (vi) discontinuance of options trading (or trading in a particular class or series of options) (although outstanding options on an Exchange that were issued by the Options Clearing Corporation should continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms). In addition, the hours of trading for options on an Exchange may not conform to the hours during which the securities held by a Fund are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the markets for underlying securities that are not immediately reflected in the options markets.

The Exchanges generally have established limits on the maximum number of options an investor or group of investors acting in concert may write. The Funds, the Manager, and other funds advised by the Manager may constitute such a group. These limits could restrict a Fund’s ability to purchase or write options on a particular security.

An OTC option may be closed only with the counterparty, although either party may engage in an offsetting transaction that puts that party in the same economic position as if it had closed out the option with the counterparty; however, the exposure to counterparty risk may differ. No guarantee exists that a Fund will be able to effect a closing purchase or a closing sale with respect to a specific option at any particular time. See “Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts – Risk Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options, and Other Two-Party Contracts” below for a discussion of counterparty risk and other risks associated with investing in OTC options.

Currency Options. Certain Funds may purchase and sell options on currencies. Options on currencies possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and generally operate in a similar manner. Funds that are permitted to invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies may purchase or sell options on currencies. See “Foreign Currency Transactions” below for more information on those Funds’ use of currency options.

Futures. To the extent consistent with applicable law and its investment restrictions, a Fund permitted to invest in futures contracts may invest in futures contracts on, among other things, financial instruments (such as a U.S. government security or other fixed income security), individual equity securities (“single stock futures”), securities indices, interest rates, currencies, inflation indices, and (to the extent a Fund is permitted to invest in commodities and commodity-related derivatives (as defined in “Commodity-Related Investments” below)) commodities or commodities indices. Futures contracts on securities indices are referred to herein as “Index

 

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Futures.” The purchase of futures contracts can serve as a long hedge, and the sale of futures contracts can serve as a limited short hedge. The purchase and sale of futures contracts also may be used for speculative purposes.

Certain futures contracts are physically settled (i.e., involve the making and taking of delivery of a specified amount of an underlying security or other asset). For instance, the sale of futures contracts on foreign currencies or financial instruments creates an obligation of the seller to deliver a specified quantity of an underlying foreign currency or financial instrument called for in the contract for a stated price at a specified time. Conversely, the purchase of such futures contracts creates an obligation of the purchaser to pay for and take delivery of the underlying foreign currency or financial instrument called for in the contract for a stated price at a specified time. In some cases, the specific instruments delivered or taken, respectively, on the settlement date are not determined until on or near that date. That determination is made in accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the sale or purchase was made. Some futures contracts are cash settled (rather than physically settled), which means that the purchase price is subtracted from the current market value of the instrument and the net amount, if positive, is paid to the purchaser by the seller of the futures contract and, if negative, is paid by the purchaser to the seller of the futures contract. In particular, Index Futures are agreements pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of a securities index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index contract was originally written. Although the value of a securities index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, no physical delivery of these securities is made.

The purchase or sale of a futures contract differs from the purchase or sale of a security or option in that no price or premium is paid or received. Instead, an amount of cash, U.S. government securities, or other liquid assets equal in value to a percentage of the face amount of the futures contract must be deposited with the broker. This amount is known as initial margin. The amount of the initial margin is generally set by the market on which the contract is traded (margin requirements on foreign exchanges may be different than those on U.S. exchanges). Subsequent payments to and from the broker, known as variation margin, are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying futures contract fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking to the market.” Prior to the settlement date of the futures contract, the position may be closed by taking an opposite position. A final determination of variation margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid to or released by the broker, and the purchaser realizes a loss or gain. In addition, a commission is paid to the broker on each completed purchase and sale.

Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities, currencies, commodities, or other underlying instrument, in most cases futures contracts are closed before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures contracts (i.e., with the same exchange, underlying financial instrument, currency, commodity, or index, and delivery month). If the price of the initial sale exceeds the price of the offsetting purchase, the seller is paid the difference and realizes a gain. Conversely, if the price of the offsetting purchase exceeds the price of the initial sale, the seller realizes a loss. Similarly, a purchase of a futures contract is closed out by selling

 

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a corresponding futures contract. If the offsetting sale price exceeds the original purchase price, the purchaser realizes a gain, and, if the original purchase price exceeds the offsetting sale price, the purchaser realizes a loss. Any transaction costs must also be included in these calculations.

In the United States, futures contracts are traded only on commodity exchanges or boards of trade – known as “contract markets” – approved by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), and must be executed through a futures commission merchant or brokerage firm that is a member of the relevant market. Certain Funds also may purchase futures contracts on foreign exchanges or similar entities, which are not regulated by the CFTC and may not be subject to the same degree of regulation as the U.S. contract markets. See “Additional Risks of Options on Securities, Futures Contracts, and Options on Futures Contracts Traded on Foreign Exchanges” below.

Index Futures. To the extent consistent with applicable law and investment restrictions, a Fund may purchase or sell Index Futures. A Fund may close open positions on a contract market on which Index Futures are traded at any time up to and including the expiration day. In general, all positions that remain open at the close of business on that day must be settled on the next business day (based on the value of the relevant index on the expiration day). Additional or different margin requirements as well as settlement procedures may apply to foreign stock Index Futures.

Interest Rate Futures. Some Funds may engage in transactions involving the use of futures on interest rates. These transactions may be in connection with investments in U.S. government securities and other fixed income securities.

Inflation Linked Futures. The Fixed Income Funds may engage in transactions involving inflation linked futures, including Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) futures, which are exchange-traded futures contracts that represent the inflation on a notional value of $1,000,000 for a period of three months, as implied by the CPI. Inflation linked futures may be used by the Fund to hedge the inflation risk in nominal bonds (i.e., non-inflation indexed bonds) thereby creating “synthetic” inflation indexed bonds. A Fund also may combine inflation linked futures with U.S. Treasury futures contracts to create “synthetic” inflation indexed bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury. See “Indexed Investments – Inflation Indexed Bonds” below for a discussion of inflation indexed bonds.

Currency Futures. Funds that are permitted to invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies may buy and sell futures contracts on currencies. See “Foreign Currency Transactions” below for a description of those Funds’ use of currency futures.

Options on Futures Contracts. Options on futures contracts give the purchaser the right in return for the premium paid to assume a long position (in the case of a call option) or a short position (in the case of a put option) in a futures contract at the option exercise price at any time during the period of the option (in the case of an American-style option) or on the expiration date (in the case of European-style option). Upon exercise of a call option, the holder acquires a long position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. In the case of a put option, the holder acquires a short position and the writer is assigned the opposite long

 

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position in the futures contract. Accordingly, in the event that an option is exercised, the parties will be subject to all the risks associated with the trading of futures contracts, such as payment of initial and variation margin deposits.

Funds may use options on futures contracts in lieu of writing or buying options directly on the underlying securities or purchasing and selling the underlying futures contracts. For example, to hedge against a possible decrease in the value of its portfolio securities, a Fund may purchase put options or write call options on futures contracts rather than selling futures contracts. Similarly, a Fund may hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities the Fund expects to purchase by purchasing call options or writing put options on futures contracts rather than purchasing futures contracts. In addition, a Fund may purchase and sell interest rate options on U.S. Treasury or Eurodollar futures to take a long or short position on interest rate fluctuations. Options on futures contracts generally operate in the same manner as options purchased or written directly on the underlying investments. See “Foreign Currency Transactions” below for a description of some Funds’ use of options on currency futures.

A Fund is also required to deposit and maintain margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it. Such margin deposits may vary depending on the nature of the underlying futures contract (and the related initial margin requirements), the current market value of the option, and other futures positions held by the Fund.

A position in an option on a futures contract may be terminated by the purchaser or seller prior to expiration by effecting a closing purchase or sale transaction, subject to the availability of a liquid secondary market, which is the purchase or sale of an option of the same type (i.e., the same exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously purchased or sold. The difference between the premiums paid and received represents the Fund’s profit or loss on the transaction.

Commodity Futures and Options on Commodity Futures. The Asset Allocation Funds (except U.S. Equity Allocation Fund and Alpha Only Fund), through their investments in GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund (another series of the Trust offered through a separate private placement memorandum), may have exposure to futures contracts on various commodities or commodities indices (“commodity futures”) and options on commodity futures. A futures contract on a commodity is an agreement between two parties in which one party agrees to purchase a commodity, such as an energy, agricultural, or metal commodity, from the other party at a later date at a price and quantity agreed upon when the contract is made. Futures contracts on commodities indices operate in a manner similar to Index Futures. While commodity futures on individual commodities are physically settled, the Manager intends to close out those futures contracts before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery. See also “Commodity-Related Investments” below.

Risk Factors in Futures and Futures Options Transactions. Investment in futures contracts involves risk. A purchase or sale of futures contracts may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the futures contract. If a futures contract is used for hedging, an imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures contract and the price of the security, currency, or other investment being hedged creates risk. Correlation is higher when the

 

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investment being hedged underlies the futures contract. Correlation is lower when the investment being hedged is different than the security, currency, or other investment underlying the futures contract, such as when a futures contract on an index of securities or commodities is used to hedge a single security or commodity, a futures contract on one security (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds) or commodity (e.g., gold) is used to hedge a different security (e.g., a mortgage-backed security) or commodity (e.g., copper), or when a futures contract in one currency is used to hedge a security denominated in another currency. In the case of Index Futures and futures on commodity indices, changes in the price of those futures contracts may not correlate perfectly with price movements in the relevant index due to market distortions. In the event of an imperfect correlation between a futures position and the portfolio position (or anticipated position) intended to be hedged, the Fund may realize a loss on the futures contract at the same time the Fund is realizing a loss on the portfolio position intended to be hedged. To compensate for imperfect correlations, a Fund may purchase or sell futures contracts in a greater amount than the hedged investments if the volatility of the price of the hedged investments is historically greater than the volatility of the futures contracts. Conversely, a Fund may purchase or sell fewer futures contracts if the volatility of the price of the hedged investments is historically less than that of the futures contract. The successful use of transactions in futures and related options for hedging also depends on the direction and extent of exchange rate, interest rate, and asset price movements within a given time frame. For example, to the extent equity prices remain stable during the period in which a futures contract or option is held by a Fund investing in equity securities (or such prices move in a direction opposite to that anticipated), the Fund may realize a loss on the futures transaction, which is not fully or partially offset by an increase in the value of its portfolio securities. As a result, the Fund’s total return for such period may be less than if it had not engaged in the hedging transaction.

All participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Instead of meeting margin calls, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions, which could distort normal correlations. The margin deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market, allowing for more speculators who may cause temporary price distortions. Trading hours for foreign stock Index Futures may not correspond perfectly to the trading hours of the foreign exchange to which a particular foreign stock Index Future relates. As a result, the lack of continuous arbitrage may cause a disparity between the price of foreign stock Index Futures and the value of the relevant index.

A Fund may purchase futures contracts (or options on them) as an anticipatory hedge against a possible increase in the price of a currency in which securities the Fund anticipates purchasing is denominated. In such instances, the currency may instead decline. If the Fund does not then invest in those securities, the Fund may realize a loss on the futures contract that is not offset by a reduction in the price of the securities purchased.

The Funds’ ability to engage in the futures and options on futures strategies described above depends on the liquidity of those instruments. Trading interest in various types of futures and options on futures cannot be predicted. Therefore, no assurance can be given that a Fund will be able to utilize these instruments at all or that their use will be effective. In addition, a liquid market may not exist at a time when a Fund seeks to close out a futures or option on a futures

 

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contract position, and that Fund would remain obligated to meet margin requirements until the position is closed. The liquidity of a secondary market in a futures contract may be adversely affected by “daily price fluctuation limits” established by commodity exchanges to limit the amount of fluctuation in a futures contract price during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached, no trades of the contract may be entered at a price beyond the limit, thus preventing the liquidation of open futures positions. In the past, prices have exceeded the daily limit on several consecutive trading days. Short (and long) positions in Index Futures or futures on commodities indices may be closed only by purchasing (or selling) a futures contract on the exchange on which the Index Futures or commodity futures, as applicable, are traded.

As discussed above, if a Fund purchases or sells a futures contract, it is only required to deposit initial and variation margin as required by relevant CFTC regulations and the rules of the contract market. The Fund’s net asset value will generally fluctuate with the value of the security or other instrument underlying a futures contract as if it were already in the Fund’s portfolio. Futures transactions can have the effect of investment leverage. Furthermore, if a Fund combines short and long positions, in addition to possible declines in the values of its investment securities, the Fund will incur losses if the index underlying the long futures position underperforms the index underlying the short futures position.

In addition, if a Fund’s futures brokers become bankrupt or insolvent, or otherwise default on their obligations to the Fund, the Fund may not receive all amounts owing to it in respect of its trading, despite the futures clearinghouse fully discharging all of its obligations. Furthermore, in the event of the bankruptcy of a futures broker, a Fund could be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the futures broker’s combined customer accounts, even though certain property specifically traceable to the Fund was held by the futures broker.

Additional Risk Associated with Commodity Futures Transactions. Several additional risks are associated with transactions in commodity futures contracts.

Storage Costs. The price of a commodity futures contract reflects the storage costs of purchasing the underlying commodity, including the time value of money invested in the commodity. To the extent that the storage costs change, the value of the futures contracts may change correspondingly.

Reinvestment Risk. In the commodity futures markets, producers of an underlying commodity may sell futures contracts to lock in the price of the commodity at delivery. To induce speculators to purchase the other side (the long side) of the contract, the commodity producer generally must sell the contract at a lower price than the expected futures spot price. Conversely, if most purchasers of the underlying commodity purchase futures contracts to hedge against a rise in commodity prices, then speculators will only sell the contract at a higher price than the expected future spot price of the commodity. The changing nature of the hedgers and speculators in the commodity markets will influence whether futures prices are above or below the expected futures spot price. As a result, when the Manager reinvests the proceeds from a maturing contract, it may purchase a new futures contract at a higher or lower price than the expected futures spot prices of the maturing contract or choose to pursue other investments.

 

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Additional Economic Factors. The value of the commodities underlying commodity futures contracts may be subject to additional economic and non-economic factors, such as drought, floods or other weather conditions, livestock disease, trade embargoes, competition from substitute products, transportation bottlenecks or shortages, fluctuations in supply and demand, tariffs, and international economic, political, and regulatory developments.

See also “Commodity-Related Investments” below for more discussion of the special risks of investing in commodity futures, options on commodity futures, and related types of derivatives, including certain tax-related risks.

Additional Risks of Options on Securities, Futures Contracts, and Options on Futures Contracts Traded on Foreign Exchanges. Options on securities, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and options on currencies may be traded on foreign exchanges. Such transactions may not be regulated as effectively as similar transactions in the United States (which are regulated by the CFTC) and may be subject to greater risks than trading on domestic exchanges. For example, some foreign exchanges may be principal markets so that no common clearing facility exists and a trader may look only to the broker for performance of the contract. The lack of a common clearing facility creates counterparty risk. If a counterparty defaults, a Fund normally will have contractual remedies against that counterparty, but may be unsuccessful in enforcing those remedies. When seeking to enforce a contractual remedy, a Fund also is subject to the risk that the parties may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default) differently. Counterparty risk is greater for derivatives with longer maturities where events may intervene to prevent settlement. Counterparty risk is also greater when a Fund has concentrated its derivatives with a single or small group of counterparties as it sometimes does as a result of its use of swaps and other OTC derivatives. To the extent a Fund has significant exposure to a single counterparty, this risk will be particularly pronounced for the Fund. If a dispute occurs, the cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings required for the Fund to enforce its contractual rights may lead the Fund to decide not to pursue its claims against the counterparty. A Fund thus assumes the risk that it may be unable to obtain payments owed under foreign futures contracts or that those payments may be delayed or made only after the Fund has incurred the costs of litigation. In addition, unless a Fund hedges against fluctuations in the exchange rate between the currencies in which trading is done on foreign exchanges and other currencies, any profits that a Fund might realize in trading could be offset (or worse) by adverse changes in the exchange rate. The value of foreign options and futures also may be adversely affected by other factors unique to foreign investing (see “Risks of Non-U.S. Investments” above).

Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts

Many of the Funds use swap contracts (or “swaps”) and other two-party contracts for the same or similar purposes as options and futures. See “Uses of Derivatives” below for more information regarding the various derivatives strategies those Funds may employ using swap contracts and other two-party contracts.

Swap Contracts. The Funds may directly or indirectly use various different types of swaps, such as swaps on securities and securities indices, total return swaps, interest rate swaps, currency swaps, credit default swaps, variance swaps, commodity swaps, inflation swaps, and other types

 

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of available swap agreements, depending on a Fund’s investment objective and policies. Swap contracts are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to a number of years. Under a typical swap, one party may agree to pay a fixed rate or a floating rate determined by reference to a specified instrument, rate, or index, multiplied in each case by a specified amount (“notional amount”), while the other party agrees to pay an amount equal to a different floating rate multiplied by the same notional amount. On each payment date, the parties’ obligations are netted, with only the net amount paid by one party to the other.

Swap contracts are typically individually negotiated and structured to provide exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. Swap contracts may be entered into for hedging or non-hedging purposes and therefore may increase or decrease a Fund’s exposure to the underlying instrument, rate, asset or index. Swaps can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names. A Fund is not limited to any particular form or variety of swap agreement if the Manager determines it is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies.

A Fund may enter into swaps on securities, baskets of securities or securities indices. For example, the parties to a swap contract may agree to exchange returns calculated on a notional amount of a security, basket of securities, or securities index (e.g., S&P 500 Index). Additionally, a Fund may use total return swaps, which typically involve commitments to pay amounts computed in the same manner as interest in exchange for a market-linked return, both based on notional amounts. A Fund may use such swaps to gain investment exposure to the underlying security or securities where direct ownership is either not legally possible or is economically unattractive. To the extent the total return of the security, basket of securities, or index underlying the transaction exceeds or falls short of the offsetting interest rate obligation, a Fund will receive a payment from or make a payment to the counterparty, respectively.

In addition, a Fund may enter into an interest rate swap in order to protect against declines in the value of fixed income securities held by the Fund. In such an instance, the Fund may agree with a counterparty to pay a fixed rate (multiplied by a notional amount) and the counterparty pay a floating rate multiplied by the same notional amount. If interest rates rise, resulting in a diminution in the value of the Fund’s portfolio, the Fund would receive payments under the swap that would offset, in whole or in part, such diminution in value. A Fund also may enter into swaps to modify its exposure to particular currencies using currency swaps. For instance, a Fund may enter into a currency swap between the U.S. dollar and the Japanese Yen in order to increase or decrease its exposure to each such currency.

A Fund may use inflation swaps (including inflation swaps tied to the CPI), which involve commitments to pay a regular stream of inflation indexed cash payments in exchange for receiving a stream of nominal interest payments (or vice versa), where both payment streams are based on a notional amount. The nominal interest payments may be based on either a fixed interest rate or variable interest rate, such as LIBOR. Inflation swaps may be used to hedge the inflation risk in nominal bonds (i.e., non-inflation indexed bonds), thereby creating synthetic inflation indexed bonds, or combined with U.S. Treasury futures contracts to create synthetic inflation indexed bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury. See “Indexed Investments – Inflation Indexed Bonds” below.

 

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In addition, a Fund may directly or indirectly use credit default swaps to take an active long or short position with respect to the likelihood of default by a corporate or sovereign issuer of fixed income securities (including asset-backed securities). In a credit default swap, one party pays, in effect, an insurance premium through a stream of payments to another party in exchange for the right to receive a specified return in the event of default (or similar events) by one or more third parties on their obligations. For example, in purchasing a credit default swap, a Fund may pay a premium in return for the right to put specified bonds or loans to the counterparty, such as a U.S. or foreign issuer or basket of such issuers, upon issuer default (or similar events) at their par (or other agreed-upon) value. A Fund, as the purchaser in a credit default swap, bears the risk that the investment might expire worthless. It also would be subject to counterparty risk – the risk that the counterparty may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to the Fund in the event of a default (or similar event) (see “Risk Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options, and Other Two-Party Contracts” below). In addition, as a purchaser in a credit default swap, the Fund’s investment would only generate income in the event of an actual default (or similar event) by the issuer of the underlying obligation. A Fund also may invest in credit default indices, which are indices that reflect the performance of a basket of credit default swaps.

A Fund also may use credit default swaps for investment purposes by selling a credit default swap, in which case the Fund will receive a premium from its counterparty in return for the Fund’s taking on the obligation to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value to the counterparty upon issuer default (or similar events). As the seller in a credit default swap, a Fund effectively adds economic leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund is subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. If no event of default (or similar event) occurs, the Fund would keep the premium received from the counterparty and generally would have no payment obligations, with the exception of an initial payment made on the credit default swap or any margin requirements with the credit default swap counterparty. For credit default swap agreements, trigger events for payment under the agreement vary by the type of underlying investment (e.g., corporate and sovereign debt, asset-backed securities, and credit default swap indices) and by jurisdiction (e.g., United States, Europe and Asia). A Fund may use volatility swaps. Volatility swaps involve the exchange of forward contracts on the future realized volatility of a given underlying asset, and allow the Fund to take positions on the volatility of that underlying asset. A Fund also may use a particular type of volatility swap, known as a variance swap agreement, which involves an agreement by two parties to exchange cash flows based on the measured variance (volatility squared) of a specified underlying asset. One party agrees to exchange a “fixed rate” or strike price payment for the “floating rate” or realized price variance on the underlying asset with respect to the notional amount. At inception, the strike price chosen is generally fixed at a level such that the fair value of the swap is zero. As a result, no money changes hands at the initiation of the contract. At the expiration date, the amount paid by one party to the other is the difference between the realized price variance of the underlying asset and the strike price multiplied by the notional amount. A receiver of the realized price variance would receive a payment when the realized price variance of the underlying asset is greater than the strike price and would make a payment when that variance is less than the strike price. A payer of the realized price variance would make a payment when the realized

 

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price variance of the underlying asset is greater than the strike price and would receive a payment when that variance is less than the strike price. This type of agreement is essentially a forward contract on the future realized price variance of the underlying asset.

Some Funds, through their investments in GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund (another series of the Trust offered through a separate private placement memorandum) or otherwise, may have indirect exposure to commodity swaps on one or more broad-based commodities indices (e.g., the Dow Jones-UBS Commodity Index), as well as commodity swaps on individual commodities or baskets of commodities. See “Commodity-Related Investments” below for more discussion of the Funds’ use of commodity swap contracts and other related types of derivatives.

Contracts for Differences. Contracts for differences are swap arrangements in which the parties agree that their return (or loss) will be based on the relative performance of two different groups or baskets of securities. Often, one or both baskets will be an established securities index. The Fund’s return will be based on changes in value of theoretical long futures positions in the securities comprising one basket (with an aggregate face value equal to the notional amount of the contract for differences) and theoretical short futures positions in the securities comprising the other basket. A Fund also may use actual long and short futures positions and achieve similar market exposure by netting the payment obligations of the two contracts. A Fund will only enter into contracts for differences (and analogous futures positions) when the Manager believes that the basket of securities constituting the long position will outperform the basket constituting the short position. If the short basket outperforms the long basket, the Fund will realize a loss – even in circumstances when the securities in both the long and short baskets appreciate in value. In addition, GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund may use contracts for differences that are based on the relative performance of two different groups or baskets of commodities. Often, one or both baskets is a commodities index. Contracts for differences on commodities operate in a similar manner to contracts for differences on securities described above.

Interest Rate Caps, Floors, and Collars. The Funds may use interest rate caps, floors, and collars for the same or similar purposes as they use interest rate futures contracts and related options and, as a result, will be subject to similar risks. See “Options and Futures – Risk Factors in Options Transactions” and “ – Risk Factors in Futures and Futures Options Transactions” above. Like interest rate swap contracts, interest rate caps, floors, and collars are two-party agreements in which the parties agree to pay or receive interest on a notional principal amount and are generally individually negotiated with a specific counterparty. The purchaser of an interest rate cap receives interest payments from the seller to the extent that the return on a specified index exceeds a specified interest rate. The purchaser of an interest rate floor receives interest payments from the seller to the extent that the return on a specified index falls below a specified interest rate. The purchaser of an interest rate collar receives interest payments from the seller to the extent that the return on a specified index falls outside the range of two specified interest rates.

Swaptions. An option on a swap agreement, also called a “swaption,” is an OTC option that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap on a specified future date in exchange for paying a market-based premium. A receiver swaption gives the owner the right to

 

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receive the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index (such as a call option on a bond). A payer swaption gives the owner the right to pay the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index (such as a put option on a bond). Swaptions also include options that allow one of the counterparties to terminate or extend an existing swap.

Risk Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options, and Other Two-Party Contracts. A Fund may only close out a swap, contract for differences, cap, floor, collar, or OTC option (including swaption) with its particular counterparty, and may only transfer a position with the consent of that counterparty. If a counterparty fails to meet its contractual obligations, goes bankrupt, or otherwise experiences a business interruption, the Fund could miss investment opportunities or otherwise hold investments it would prefer to sell, resulting in losses for the Fund. If the counterparty defaults, a Fund will have contractual remedies, but there can be no assurance that the counterparty will be able to meet its contractual obligations or that the Fund will be able to enforce its rights. For example, because the contract for each OTC derivatives transaction is individually negotiated with a specific counterparty, a Fund is subject to the risk that a counterparty may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default) differently than the Fund. The cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings required for the Fund to enforce its contractual rights may lead it to decide not to pursue its claims against the counterparty. Counterparty risk is greater for derivatives with longer maturities where events may intervene to prevent settlement. Counterparty risk is also greater when a Fund has concentrated its derivatives with a single or small group of counterparties as it sometimes does as a result of its use of swaps and other OTC derivatives. To the extent a Fund has significant exposure to a single counterparty, this risk will be particularly pronounced for the Fund. The Fund, therefore, assumes the risk that it may be unable to obtain payments the Manager believes are owed under an OTC derivatives contract or that those payments may be delayed or made only after the Fund has incurred the costs of litigation. In addition, counterparty risk is pronounced during unusually adverse market conditions and is particularly acute in environments (like those of 2008) in which financial services firms are exposed to systemic risks of the type evidenced by the insolvency of Lehman Brothers and subsequent market disruptions.

The credit rating of a counterparty may be adversely affected by greater-than-average volatility in the markets, even if the counterparty’s net market exposure is small relative to its capital.

Counterparty risk with respect to derivatives will be affected by new rules and regulations affecting the derivatives market. Some derivatives transactions are required to be centrally cleared, and a party to a cleared derivatives transaction is subject to the credit risk of the clearing house and the clearing member through which it holds its cleared position, rather than the credit risk of its original counterparty to the derivatives transaction. Credit risk of market participants with respect to derivatives that are centrally cleared is concentrated in a few clearing houses, and it is not clear how an insolvency proceeding of a clearing house would be conducted and what impact an insolvency of a clearing house would have on the financial system. A clearing member is obligated by contract and by applicable regulation to segregate all funds received from customers with respect to cleared derivatives positions from the clearing member’s proprietary assets. However, all funds and other property received by a clearing member from its customers with respect to cleared derivatives are generally held by the clearing member on a commingled basis in an omnibus account, and the clearing member may invest those funds in instruments

 

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permitted under the applicable regulations. Therefore, a Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of a Fund’s clearing member because the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of the funds held in the omnibus account for the relevant account class. Also, the clearing member is required to transfer to the clearing house the amount of margin required by the clearing house for cleared derivatives, which amounts are generally held in an omnibus account at the clearing house for all customers of the clearing member. Regulations promulgated by the CFTC require that the clearing member notify the clearing house of the initial margin provided by the clearing member to the clearing house that is attributable to each customer. However, if the clearing member does not accurately report the Funds’ initial margin, the Funds are subject to the risk that a clearing house will use a Fund’s assets held in an omnibus account at the clearing house to satisfy payment obligations of a defaulting customer of the clearing member to the clearing house. In addition, clearing members generally provide the clearing house the net amount of variation margin required for cleared swaps for all of its customers in the aggregate, rather than individually for each customer. The Funds are therefore subject to the risk that a clearing house will not make variation margin payments owed to a Fund if another customer of the clearing member has suffered a loss and is in default, and the risk that a Fund will be required to provide additional variation margin to the clearing house before the clearing house will move the Fund’s cleared derivatives transactions to another clearing member. In addition, if a clearing member does not comply with the applicable regulations or its agreement with the Funds, or in the event of fraud or misappropriation of customer assets by a clearing member, a Fund could have only an unsecured creditor claim in an insolvency of the clearing member with respect to the margin held by the clearing member.

Additional Risk Factors in OTC Derivatives Transactions. Participants in OTC derivatives markets typically are not subject to the same level of credit evaluation and regulatory oversight as are members of exchange-based markets and, therefore, OTC derivatives generally expose a Fund to greater counterparty risk than exchange-traded derivatives.

Among other trading agreements, certain Funds are party to International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. Master Agreements (“ISDA Agreements”) or other similar types of agreements with select counterparties that generally govern over-the-counter derivative transactions entered into by such Funds. The ISDA Agreements typically include representations and warranties as well as contractual terms related to collateral, events of default, termination events, and other provisions. Termination events may include the decline in the net assets of a Fund below a certain level over a specified period of time and entitle a counterparty to elect to terminate early with respect to some or all the transactions under the ISDA Agreement with that counterparty. Such an election by one or more of the counterparties could have a material adverse impact on a Fund’s operations. Due to declines in the net assets of some Funds, one or more counterparties are entitled to terminate early but none has taken such action.

Additional Risk Factors in Cleared Derivatives Transactions. Under recently adopted rules and regulations, transactions in some types of swaps (including interest rate swaps and credit default swaps on North American and European indices) are required to be centrally cleared. In a transaction involving those swaps (“cleared derivatives”), a Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house, rather than a bank or broker. Since the Funds are not members of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Funds will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared

 

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derivatives positions, the Funds will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house.

In many ways, cleared derivative arrangements are less favorable to mutual funds than bilateral arrangements. For example, the Funds may be required to provide more margin for cleared derivatives positions than for bilateral derivatives positions. Also, in contrast to a bilateral derivatives position, following a period of notice to a Fund, a clearing member generally can require termination of an existing cleared derivatives position at any time or an increase in margin requirements above the margin that the clearing member required at the beginning of a transaction. Clearing houses also have broad rights to increase margin requirements for existing positions or to terminate those positions at any time. Any increase in margin requirements or termination of existing cleared derivatives positions by the clearing member or the clearing house could interfere with the ability of a Fund to pursue its investment strategy. Further, any increase in margin requirements by a clearing member could expose a Fund to greater credit risk to its clearing member because margin for cleared derivatives positions in excess of a clearing house’s margin requirements typically is held by the clearing member. Also, a Fund is subject to risk if it enters into a derivatives transaction that is required to be cleared (or that the Manager expects to be cleared), and no clearing member is willing or able to clear the transaction on the Fund’s behalf. While the documentation in place between the Funds and their clearing members generally provides that the clearing members will accept for clearing all cleared derivatives transactions that are within credit limits (specified in advance) for each Fund, the Funds are still subject to the risk that no clearing member will be willing or able to clear a transaction. In those cases, the position might have to be terminated, and the Fund could lose some or all of the benefit of the position, including loss of an increase in the value of the position and/or loss of hedging protection. In addition, the documentation governing the relationship between the Funds and clearing members is drafted by the clearing members and generally is less favorable to the Funds than typical bilateral derivatives documentation. For example, documentation relating to cleared derivatives generally includes a one-way indemnity by the Funds in favor of the clearing member for losses the clearing member incurs as the Funds’ clearing member and typically does not provide the Funds any remedies if the clearing member defaults or becomes insolvent. While futures contracts entail similar risks, the risks likely are more pronounced for cleared swaps due to their more limited liquidity and market history.

These and other new rules and regulations could, among other things, further restrict a Fund’s ability to engage in, or increase the cost to the Fund of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types of derivatives no longer available to the Fund, increasing margin or capital requirements, or otherwise limiting liquidity or increasing transaction costs. These regulations are new and evolving, so their potential impact on the Funds and the financial system are not yet known. While the new regulations and central clearing of some derivatives transactions are designed to reduce systemic risk (i.e., the risk that the interdependence of large derivatives dealers could cause them to suffer liquidity, solvency or other challenges simultaneously), there is no assurance that the new clearing mechanisms will achieve that result, and in the meantime, as noted above, central clearing exposes the Funds to new kinds of risks and costs.

Use of Futures and Related Options, Interest Rate Floors, Caps and Collars, Certain Types of Swap Contracts and Related InstrumentsCommodity Pool Operator Status. Each of Core

 

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Plus Bond Fund, International Bond Fund, Strategic Fixed Income Fund, Currency Hedged International Bond Fund, Global Bond Fund, Emerging Country Debt Fund, and Alpha Only Fund is a commodity pool under the Commodity Exchange Act (the “CEA”) and GMO is registered as a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA with respect to these funds. As a result, additional CFTC-mandated disclosure, reporting and recordkeeping obligations will apply with respect to these funds once the CFTC proposal that seeks to “harmonize” these obligations with overlapping SEC regulations is finalized. Until the CFTC and SEC’s overlapping regulations are harmonized, the nature and extent of the impact of the new CFTC requirements on these funds is uncertain. Compliance with the CFTC’s new regulatory requirements could increase fund expenses, adversely affecting a fund’s total return.

Each Fund not listed in the previous paragraph has claimed an exclusion from the definition of “commodity pool operator” under the CEA pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the CEA (the “exclusion”) promulgated by the CFTC. Accordingly, neither these funds nor GMO (with respect to these funds) are subject to registration or regulation as a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA. To remain eligible for the exclusion, each fund will be limited in its ability to use certain financial instruments regulated under the CEA (“commodity interests”), including futures and options on futures and certain swaps transactions. In the event that a fund’s investments in commodity interests are not within the thresholds set forth in the exclusion, GMO may be required to register as a “commodity pool operator” with the CFTC with respect to that fund. GMO’s eligibility to claim the exclusion with respect to a fund will be based upon, among other things, the level and scope of the fund’s investment in commodity interests, the purposes of such investments, and the manner in which the fund holds out its use of commodity interests. A fund’s ability to invest in commodity interests (including, but not limited to, futures and swaps on broad-based securities indexes and interest rates) is limited by GMO’s intention to operate the fund in a manner that would permit GMO to continue to claim the exclusion under Rule 4.5, which may adversely affect the fund’s total return. In the event GMO becomes unable to rely on the exclusion in Rule 4.5 and is required to register with the CFTC as a commodity pool operator with respect to a fund, the fund’s expenses may increase, adversely affecting that fund’s total return.

Foreign Currency Transactions

Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. They generally are determined by the forces of supply and demand in the currency exchange markets, trade balances, the relative merits of investments in different countries, actual or perceived changes in interest rates, differences in relative values of similar assets in different currencies, long-term opportunities for investment and capital appreciation, and other complex factors. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably as a result of intervention (or the failure to intervene) by the U.S. or foreign governments, central banks, or supranational agencies such as the International Monetary Fund, or by currency or exchange controls or political and economic developments in the U.S. or abroad. Currencies in which a Fund’s assets are denominated, or in which a Fund has taken a long position, may be devalued against other currencies, resulting in a loss to the Fund. Similarly, currencies in which a Fund has taken a short position may increase in value relative to other currencies, resulting in a loss to the Fund.

 

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In addition, some currencies are illiquid (e.g., emerging country currencies), and a Fund may not be able to convert these currencies into U.S. dollars, in which case the Manager may decide to purchase U.S. dollars in a parallel market where the exchange rate is materially and adversely different. Exchange rates for many currencies (e.g., emerging country currencies) are particularly affected by exchange control regulations.

Funds that are permitted to invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies may buy or sell foreign currencies or deal in forward foreign currency contracts, currency futures contracts and related options, and options on currencies. Those Funds may use such currency instruments for hedging, investment, and/or currency risk management. Currency risk management may include taking overweighted or underweighted currency positions relative to both the securities portfolio of a Fund and the Fund’s performance benchmark or index. Those Funds also may purchase forward foreign exchange contracts in conjunction with U.S. dollar-denominated securities in order to create a synthetic foreign currency-denominated security that approximates desired risk and return characteristics when the non-synthetic securities either are not available in foreign markets or possess undesirable characteristics.

Forward foreign currency contracts are contracts between two parties to purchase and sell a specified quantity of a particular currency at a specified price, with delivery and settlement to take place on a specified future date. A forward foreign currency contract can reduce a Fund’s exposure to changes in the value of the currency it will deliver and can increase its exposure to changes in the value of the currency it will receive for the duration of the contract. The effect on the value of a Fund is similar to the effect of selling securities denominated in one currency and purchasing securities denominated in another currency. Contracts to sell a particular foreign currency would limit any potential gain that might be realized by a Fund if the value of the hedged currency increases. In addition, it is not always possible to hedge fully or perfectly against currency fluctuations affecting the value of the securities denominated in foreign currencies because the value of such securities also is likely to fluctuate because of independent factors not related to currency fluctuations. If a forward foreign currency contract is used for hedging, an imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the forward foreign currency contract and the price of the currency or other investment being hedged creates risk.

Forward foreign currency contracts involve a number of the same characteristics and risks as currency futures contracts (discussed below) but there also are several differences. Forward foreign currency contracts settle only at the pre-determined settlement date. This can result in deviations between forward foreign currency prices and currency futures prices, especially in circumstances where interest rates and currency futures prices are positively correlated. Second, in the absence of exchange trading and involvement of clearing houses, there are no standardized terms for forward currency contracts. Accordingly, the parties are free to establish such settlement times and underlying amounts of a currency as desirable, which may vary from the standardized provisions available through any currency futures contract.

A Fund also may purchase or sell currency futures contracts and related options. Currency futures contracts are contracts to buy or sell a standard quantity of a particular currency at a specified future date and price. However, currency futures can be and often are closed out prior to delivery and settlement. In addition, a Fund may use options on currency futures contracts,

 

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which give their holders the right, but not the obligation, to buy (in the case of a call option) or sell (in the case of a put option) a specified currency futures contract at a fixed price during a specified period. See “Options and Futures – Futures” above for more information on futures contracts and options on futures contracts.

A Fund also may purchase or sell options on currencies. These give their holders the right, but not the obligation, to buy (in the case of a call option) or sell (in the case of a put option) a specified quantity of a particular currency at a fixed price during a specified period. Options on currencies possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and generally operate in a similar manner. They may be traded on an exchange or in the OTC markets. Options on currencies traded on U.S. or other exchanges may be subject to position limits, which may limit the ability of a Fund to reduce foreign currency risk using options. See “Options and Futures – Currency Options” above for more information on currency options.

Repurchase Agreements

A Fund may (in the case of U.S. Treasury Fund, as a principal investment strategy) enter into repurchase agreements with banks and broker-dealers. A repurchase agreement is a contract under which the Fund acquires a security (usually an obligation of the government in the jurisdiction where the transaction is initiated or in whose currency the agreement is denominated or, in the case of U.S. Treasury Fund, usually a security backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, such as a U.S. Treasury bill, bond or note) for a relatively short period (usually less than a week) for cash and subject to the commitment of the seller to repurchase the security for an agreed-upon price on a specified date. The repurchase price exceeds the acquisition price and reflects an agreed-upon market rate unrelated to the coupon rate on the purchased security. Repurchase agreements afford a Fund the opportunity to earn a return on temporarily available cash without market risk, although the Fund bears the risk of a seller’s failure to meet its obligation to pay the repurchase price when it is required to do so. Such a default may subject the Fund to expenses, delays, and risks of loss including: (i) possible declines in the value of the underlying security while the Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto, (ii) possible reduced levels of income and lack of access to income during this period, and (iii) the inability to enforce its rights and the expenses involved in attempted enforcement. Entering into repurchase agreements entails certain risks, which include the risk that the counterparty to the repurchase agreement may not be able to fulfill its obligations, as discussed above, that the parties may disagree as to the meaning or application of contractual terms, or that the instrument may not perform as expected. See “Description of Principal Risks – Counterparty Risk” in the Prospectus.

Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities Generally

Debt and other fixed income securities include fixed and floating rate securities of any maturity. Fixed rate securities pay a specified rate of interest or dividends. Floating rate securities pay a rate that is adjusted periodically by reference to a specified index or market rate. Fixed and floating rate securities include securities issued by federal, state, local, and foreign governments and related agencies, and by a wide range of private issuers, and generally are referred to in this SAI as “fixed income securities.” Indexed bonds are a type of fixed income security whose principal value and/or interest rate is adjusted periodically according to a specified instrument, index, or other statistic (e.g., another security, inflation index, currency, or commodity). See

 

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“Adjustable Rate Securities” and “Indexed Investments” below. In addition, the Funds may create “synthetic” bonds which approximate desired risk and return profiles. This may be done where a “non-synthetic” security having the desired risk/return profile either is unavailable (e.g., short-term securities of certain foreign governments) or possesses undesirable characteristics (e.g., interest payments on the security would be subject to foreign withholding taxes). See, for example, “Options and Futures – Inflation-Linked Futures” above.

Holders of fixed income securities are exposed to both market and credit risk. Market risk (or “interest rate risk”) relates to changes in a security’s value as a result of changes in interest rates. In general, the values of fixed income securities increase when interest rates fall and decrease when interest rates rise. Credit risk relates to the ability of an issuer to make payments of principal and interest. Obligations of issuers are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws that affect the rights and remedies of creditors. Fixed income securities denominated in foreign currencies also are subject to the risk of a decline in the value of the denominating currency.

Because interest rates vary, the future income of a Fund that invests in floating rate fixed income securities cannot be predicted with certainty. To the extent a Fund invests in indexed securities, the future income of the Fund also will be affected by changes in those securities’ indices over time (e.g., changes in inflation rates, currency rates, or commodity prices).

The Funds may invest in a wide range of debt and fixed income instruments, including, but not limited to, Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities, Brady Bonds, Euro Bonds, U.S. Government and Foreign Government Securities and Zero Coupon Securities, described below.

Cash and Other High Quality Investments

Many of the Funds may temporarily invest a portion of their assets in cash or cash items pending other investments or to maintain liquid assets required in connection with some of the Funds’ investments. These cash items and other high quality debt securities may include money market instruments, such as securities issued by the United States Government and its agencies, bankers’ acceptances, commercial paper, and bank certificates of deposit. If a custodian holds cash on behalf of a Fund, the Fund may be an unsecured creditor in the event of the insolvency of the custodian. In addition, the Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to such a custodian, which may be heightened to the extent the Fund takes a temporary defensive position.

U.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities

U.S. government securities include securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its authorities, agencies, or instrumentalities. Foreign government securities include securities issued or guaranteed by foreign governments (including political subdivisions) or their authorities, agencies, or instrumentalities or by supra-national agencies. Different kinds of U.S. government securities and foreign government securities have different kinds of government support. For example, some U.S. government securities (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds) are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States. Other U.S. government securities are issued or guaranteed by federal agencies or government-chartered or -sponsored enterprises but are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government (e.g., debt securities issued by the

 

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Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), and Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLBs”)). Similarly, some foreign government securities are supported by the full faith and credit of a foreign national government or political subdivision and some are not. Foreign government securities of some countries may involve varying degrees of credit risk as a result of financial or political instability in those countries or the possible inability of a Fund to enforce its rights against the foreign government. As with issuers of other fixed income securities, sovereign issuers may be unable or unwilling to satisfy their obligations to pay principal or interest payments.

Supra-national agencies are agencies whose member nations make capital contributions to support the agencies’ activities. Examples include the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank), the Asian Development Bank, and the Inter-American Development Bank.

As with other fixed income securities, U.S. government securities and foreign government securities expose their holders to market risk because their values typically change as interest rates fluctuate. For example, the value of U.S. government securities or foreign government securities may fall during times of rising interest rates. Yields on U.S. government securities and foreign government securities tend to be lower than those of corporate securities of comparable maturities. Generally, when interest rates on short term U.S. Treasury obligations equal or approach zero, a Fund that invests a substantial portion of its assets in U.S. Treasury obligations, such as U.S. Treasury Fund, will have a negative return unless the Manager waives or reduces its management fees.

In addition to investing directly in U.S. government securities and foreign government securities, a Fund may purchase certificates of accrual or similar instruments evidencing undivided ownership interests in interest payments and/or principal payments of U.S. government securities and foreign government securities. A Fund also may invest in Separately Traded Registered Interest and Principal Securities (“STRIPS”), which are interests in separately traded interest and principal component parts of U.S. Treasury obligations that represent future interest payments, principal payments, or both, are direct obligations of the U.S. government, and are transferable through the federal reserve book-entry system. Certificates of accrual and similar instruments may be more volatile than other government securities.

Municipal Securities

Municipal obligations are issued by or on behalf of states, territories and possessions of the United States and their political subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities and the District of Columbia to obtain funds for various public purposes. Municipal obligations are subject to more credit risk than U.S. government securities that are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States. The ability of municipalities to meet their obligations will depend on the availability of tax and other revenues, economic, political, and other conditions within the state and municipality, and the underlying fiscal condition of the state and municipality. As with other fixed income securities, municipal securities also expose their holders to market risk because their values typically change as interest rates fluctuate. The two principal classifications of municipal obligations are “notes” and “bonds.”

 

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Municipal notes are generally used to provide for short-term capital needs, such as to finance working capital needs of municipalities or to provide various interim or construction financing, and generally have maturities of one year or less. They are generally payable from specific revenues expected to be received at a future date or are issued in anticipation of long-term financing to be obtained in the market to provide for the repayment of the note.

Municipal bonds, which meet longer-term capital needs and generally have maturities of more than one year when issued, have two principal classifications: “general obligation” bonds and “revenue” bonds. Issuers of general obligation bonds, the proceeds of which are used to fund a wide range of public projects including the construction or improvement of schools, highways and roads, water and sewer systems and a variety of other public purposes, include states, counties, cities, towns and regional districts. The basic security behind general obligation bonds is the issuer’s pledge of its full faith, credit, and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest.

Revenue bonds have been issued to fund a wide variety of capital projects including: electric, gas, water and sewer systems; highways, bridges and tunnels; port and airport facilities; colleges and universities; and hospitals. The principal security for a revenue bond is generally the net revenues derived from a particular facility or group of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source. Although the principal security behind these bonds varies widely, many provide additional security in the form of a debt service reserve fund whose monies also may be used to make principal and interest payments on the issuer’s obligations. In addition to a debt service reserve fund, some authorities provide further security in the form of a state’s ability (without obligation) to make up deficiencies in the debt reserve fund.

Securities purchased for a Fund may include variable/floating rate instruments, variable mode instruments, put bonds, and other obligations that have a specified maturity date but also are payable before maturity after notice by the holder. There are, in addition, a variety of hybrid and special types of municipal obligations as well as numerous differences in the security of municipal obligations both within and between the two principal classifications (i.e., notes and bonds). A Fund also may invest in credit default swaps on municipal securities. See “Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts – Swap Contracts” above.

See “Taxes” below for a discussion of the tax treatment of municipal obligations at the Fund and shareholder level.

Auction Rate Securities

Auction rate securities consist of auction rate municipal securities and auction rate preferred securities sold through an auction process issued by closed-end investment companies, municipalities and governmental agencies. Provided that the auction mechanism is successful, auction rate securities usually permit the holder to sell the securities in an auction at par value at specified intervals. The dividend is reset by “Dutch” auction in which bids are made by broker-dealers and other institutions for a certain amount of securities at a specified minimum yield. The dividend rate set by the auction is the lowest interest or dividend rate that covers all securities offered for sale. While this process is designed to permit auction rate securities to be traded at par value, there is the risk that an auction will fail due to insufficient demand for the securities.

 

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Real Estate Investment Trusts and Other Real Estate-Related Investments

Certain Funds may invest in pooled real estate investment vehicles (so-called “real estate investment trusts” or “REITs”) and other real estate-related investments such as securities of companies principally engaged in the real estate industry. In addition to REITs, companies in the real estate industry and real estate-related investments may include, for example, entities that either own properties or make construction or mortgage loans, real estate developers, and companies with substantial real estate holdings. Each of these types of investments is subject to risks similar to those associated with direct ownership of real estate. Factors affecting real estate values include the supply of real property in particular markets, overbuilding, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, delays in completion of construction, changes in real estate values, changes in operations costs and property taxes, levels of occupancy, adequacy of rent to cover operating expenses, possible environmental liabilities, regulatory limitations on rent, fluctuations in rental income, increased competition, and other risks related to local and regional market conditions. The value of real-estate related investments also may be affected by changes in interest rates, macroeconomic developments, and social and economic trends. For instance, during periods of declining interest rates, certain mortgage REITs may hold mortgages that the mortgagors elect to prepay, which prepayment may diminish the yield on securities issued by those REITs. Some REITs have relatively small market capitalizations, which can tend to increase the volatility of the market price of their securities.

REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest in real estate or real estate-related companies. The Funds may invest in different types of REITs, including equity REITs, mortgage REITs, and hybrid REITs. Equity REITs, which invest in and own real estate directly, generally invest a majority of their assets in income-producing properties to generate cash flow from rental income and gradual asset appreciation. The income-producing properties in which equity REITs invest typically include land, office, retail, industrial, hotel and apartment buildings, self storage, specialty and diversified and healthcare facilities. Equity REITs can realize capital gains (or losses) by selling properties that have appreciated (or depreciated) in value. Mortgage REITs, which make construction, development, or long-term mortgage loans, generally invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages or mortgage-backed securities and derive their income primarily from interest payments on the mortgages. Hybrid REITs share characteristics of equity REITs and mortgage REITs.

REITs can be listed and traded on national securities exchanges or can be traded privately between individual owners. An exchange-traded REIT is generally more liquid than a REIT that is not traded on a securities exchange.

In general, the value of a REIT’s shares changes in light of factors affecting the real estate industry. In addition, equity REITs may be affected by any changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the trusts, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. REITs are also subject to the risk of fluctuations in income from underlying real estate assets, poor performance by the REIT’s manager and the manager’s inability to manage cash flows generated by the REIT’s assets, prepayments and defaults by

 

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borrowers, self-liquidation, adverse changes in the tax laws, and, with regard to U.S. REITs (as defined in “Taxes” below), the risk of failing to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Code and/or to maintain exempt status under the 1940 Act. See “Taxes” below for a discussion of special tax considerations relating to a Fund’s investment in U.S. REITs.

By investing in REITs indirectly through a Fund, investors will bear not only their proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund, but also, indirectly, similar expenses of REITs. In addition, REITs depend generally on their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions to investors. Investments in REITs are subject to risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate.

Asset-Backed and Related Securities

An asset-backed security is a fixed income security that predominantly derives its creditworthiness from cash flows relating to a pool of assets. There are a number of different types of asset-backed and related securities, including mortgage-backed securities, securities backed by other pools of collateral (such as automobile loans, student loans, sub-prime mortgages, and credit- card receivables), collateralized mortgage obligations, and collateralized debt obligations, each of which is described in more detail below. Investments in asset-backed securities are subject to all of the market risks for fixed-income securities described in the Prospectus under “Description of Principal Risks – Market Risk – Fixed Income Investments” and elsewhere in this SAI.

Mortgage-Backed Securities. Mortgage-backed securities are asset-backed securities backed by pools of residential and commercial mortgages, which may include sub-prime mortgages. Mortgage-backed securities may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government (including those whose securities are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government, such as Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, and FHLBs), foreign governments (or their agencies or instrumentalities), or non-governmental issuers. Interest and principal payments (including prepayments) on the mortgage loans underlying mortgage-backed securities pass through to the holders of the mortgage-backed securities. Prepayments occur when the mortgagor on an individual mortgage loan prepays the remaining principal before the loan’s scheduled maturity date. Unscheduled prepayments of the underlying mortgage loans may result in early payment of the applicable mortgage-backed securities held by a Fund. The Fund may be unable to invest prepayments in an investment that provides as high a yield as the mortgage-backed securities. Consequently, early payment associated with mortgage-backed securities may cause these securities to experience significantly greater price and yield volatility than traditional fixed income securities. Many factors affect the rate of mortgage loan prepayments, including changes in interest rates, general economic conditions, further deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions, the location of the property underlying the mortgage, the age of the mortgage loan, governmental action, including legal impairment of underlying home loans, changes in demand for products financed by those loans, the inability of borrowers to refinance existing loans (e.g., sub-prime mortgages), and social and demographic conditions. During periods of falling interest rates, the rate of mortgage loan prepayments usually increases, which tends to decrease the life of mortgage-backed securities. During periods of rising interest rates, the rate of mortgage loan prepayments usually decreases, which tends to increase the life of mortgage-backed securities.

 

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Mortgage-backed securities are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, depending on whether they are issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government (including those whose securities are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government) or by non-governmental issuers. Securities issued by private organizations may not be readily marketable, and since the deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions that became acute in 2008, mortgage-backed securities have been subject to greater liquidity risk. These conditions may occur again. Also, government actions and proposals affecting the terms of underlying home loans, changes in demand for products (e.g., automobiles) financed by those loans, and the inability of borrowers to refinance existing loans (e.g., sub-prime mortgages), have had, and may continue to have, adverse valuation and liquidity effects on mortgage-backed securities. Although liquidity of mortgage-backed securities has improved recently, there can be no assurance that in the future the market for mortgage-backed securities will continue to improve and become more liquid. In addition, mortgage-backed securities are subject to the risk of loss of principal if the obligors of the underlying obligations default in their payment obligations, and to certain other risks described in “Other Asset-Backed Securities” below. The risk of defaults associated with mortgage-backed securities is generally higher in the case of mortgage-backed investments that include sub-prime mortgages. See “Description of Principal Risks – Market Risk – Asset-Backed Securities” and “ – Credit Risk” in the Prospectus for more information regarding credit and other risks associated with investments in asset-backed securities.

Mortgage-backed securities may include Adjustable Rate Securities as such term is defined in “Adjustable Rate Securities” below.

Other Asset-Backed Securities. Similar to mortgage-backed securities, other types of asset-backed securities may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government (including those whose securities are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government), foreign governments (or their agencies or instrumentalities), or non-governmental issuers. These securities include securities backed by pools of automobile loans, educational loans, home equity loans, and credit-card receivables. The underlying pools of assets are securitized through the use of trusts and special purpose entities. These securities may be subject to risks associated with changes in interest rates and prepayment of underlying obligations similar to the risks of investment in mortgage-backed securities described immediately above. Additionally, since the deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions that became acute in 2008, asset-backed securities have been subject to greater liquidity risk. These conditions may occur again. Also, government actions and proposals affecting the terms of underlying home and consumer loans, changes in demand for products (e.g., automobiles) financed by those loans, and the inability of borrowers to refinance existing loans (e.g., sub-prime mortgages), have had, and may continue to have, adverse valuation and liquidity effects on asset-backed securities. Although liquidity of asset-backed securities has improved recently, there can be no assurance that in the future the market for asset-backed securities will continue to improve and become more liquid. The risk of investing in asset-backed securities has increased because performance of the various sectors in which the assets underlying asset-backed securities are concentrated (e.g., auto loans, student loans, sub-prime mortgages, and credit card receivables) has become more highly correlated since the deterioration in worldwide economic and liquidity conditions referred to above.

 

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Payment of interest on asset-backed securities and repayment of principal largely depends on the cash flows generated by the underlying assets backing the securities and, in certain cases, may be supported by letters of credit, surety bonds, or other credit enhancements. The amount of market risk associated with asset-backed securities depends on many factors, including the deal structure (i.e., determination as to the amount of underlying assets or other support needed to produce the cash flows necessary to service interest and make principal payments), the quality of the underlying assets, the level of credit support, if any, provided for the securities, and the credit quality of the credit-support provider, if any. Asset-backed securities involve risk of loss of principal if obligors of the underlying obligations default in payment of the obligations and the defaulted obligations exceed the securities’ credit support. The obligations of issuers (and obligors of underlying assets) also are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors. In addition, the existence of insurance on an asset-backed security does not guarantee that principal and/or interest will be paid because the insurer could default on its obligations. In recent years, a significant number of asset-backed security insurers have defaulted on their obligations.

The market value of an asset-backed security may be affected by the factors described above and other factors, such as the availability of information concerning the pool and its structure, the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the pool, the originator of the underlying assets, or the entities providing the credit enhancement. The market value of asset-backed securities also can depend on the ability of their servicers to service the underlying collateral and is, therefore, subject to risks associated with servicers’ performance. In some circumstances, a servicer’s or originator’s mishandling of documentation related to the underlying collateral (e.g., failure to properly document a security interest in the underlying collateral) may affect the rights of the security holders in and to the underlying collateral. In addition, the insolvency of an entity that generated the assets underlying an asset-backed security is likely to result in a decline in the market price of that security as well as costs and delays.

Certain types of asset-backed securities present additional risks that are not presented by mortgage-backed securities. In particular, certain types of asset-backed securities may not have the benefit of a security interest in the related assets. For example, many securities backed by credit-card receivables are unsecured. In addition, a Fund may invest in securities backed by pools of corporate or sovereign bonds, bank loans made to corporations, or a combination of these bonds and loans, many of which may be unsecured (commonly referred to as “collateralized debt obligations” or “collateralized loan obligations” ) (see “Collateralized Debt Obligations” (“CDOs”) below). Even when security interests are present, the ability of an issuer of certain types of asset-backed securities to enforce those interests may be more limited than that of an issuer of mortgage-backed securities. For instance, automobile receivables generally are secured, but by automobiles rather than by real property. Most issuers of automobile receivables permit loan servicers to retain possession of the underlying assets. In addition, because of the large number of underlying vehicles involved in a typical issue of asset-backed securities and technical requirements under state law, the trustee for the holders of the automobile receivables may not have a proper security interest in all of the automobiles. Therefore, recoveries on repossessed automobiles may not be available to support payments on these securities.

 

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In addition, certain types of asset-backed securities may experience losses on the underlying assets as a result of certain rights provided to consumer debtors under federal and state law. In the case of certain consumer debt, such as credit-card debt, debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on their credit-cards (or other debt), thereby reducing their balances due. For instance, a debtor may be able to offset certain damages for which a court has determined that the creditor is liable to the debtor against amounts owed to the creditor by the debtor on his or her credit-card.

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMOs”); Strips and Residuals. A CMO is a debt obligation backed by a portfolio of mortgages or mortgage-backed securities held under an indenture. The issuer of a CMO generally pays interest and prepaid principal on a monthly basis. These payments are secured by the underlying portfolio, which typically includes mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, or the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) and their income streams, and which also may include whole mortgage loans and private mortgage bonds.

CMOs are issued in multiple classes, often referred to as “tranches.” Each class has a different maturity and is entitled to a different schedule for payments of principal and interest, including pre-payments.

In a typical CMO transaction, the issuer of the CMO bonds uses proceeds from the CMO offering to buy mortgages or mortgage pass-through certificates (the “Collateral”). The issuer then pledges the Collateral to a third party trustee as security for the CMOs. The issuer uses principal and interest payments from the Collateral to pay principal on the CMOs, paying the tranche with the earliest maturity first. Thus, the issuer pays no principal on a tranche until all other tranches with earlier maturities are paid in full. The early retirement of a particular class or series has the same effect as the prepayment of mortgage loans underlying a mortgage-backed pass-through security.

CMOs may be less liquid and may exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or other asset-backed securities.

The Funds also may invest in CMO residuals, which are issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government or by private lenders of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, and investment banks. A CMO residual represents excess cash flow generated by the Collateral after the issuer of the CMO makes all required principal and interest payments and after the issuer’s management fees and administrative expenses have been paid. Thus, CMO residuals have value only to the extent income from the Collateral exceeds the amount necessary to satisfy the issuer’s debt obligations on all other outstanding CMOs. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characterization of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses, and the pre-payment experience on the mortgage assets.

 

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CMOs also include certificates representing undivided interests in payments of interest-only or principal-only (“IO/PO Strips”) on the underlying mortgages.

IO/PO Strips and CMO residuals tend to be more volatile than other types of securities. If the underlying securities are prepaid, holders of IO/PO Strips and CMO residuals may lose a substantial portion or the entire value of their investment. In addition, if a CMO pays interest at an adjustable rate, the cash flows on the related CMO residual will be extremely sensitive to rate adjustments.

Collateralized Debt Obligations (“CDOs”). A Fund may invest in CDOs, which include collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”), collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), and other similarly structured securities. CBOs and CLOs are asset-backed securities. A CBO is an obligation of a trust or other special purpose vehicle backed by a pool of fixed income securities. A CLO is an obligation of a trust or other special purpose vehicle typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include domestic and foreign senior secured and unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment-grade, or equivalent unrated loans.

For both CBOs and CLOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, which vary in risk and yield. The riskier portions are the residual, equity, and subordinate tranches, which bear some or all of the risk of default by the bonds or loans in the trust, and therefore protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CBO trust or CLO trust typically has higher ratings and lower yields than its underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the riskier tranches, senior CBO or CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults (including collateral default), the total loss of the riskier tranches due to losses in the collateral, market anticipation of defaults, fraud by the trust, and the illiquidity of CBO or CLO securities.

The risks of an investment in a CDO largely depend on the type of underlying collateral securities and the tranche in which a Fund invests. The Funds may invest in any tranche of a CBO or CLO. Typically, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, a Fund may characterize its investments in CDOs as illiquid, unless an active dealer market for a particular CDO allows the CDO to be purchased and sold in Rule 144A transactions. CDOs are subject to the typical risks associated with debt instruments discussed elsewhere in this SAI and the Prospectus, including interest rate risk (which may be exacerbated if the interest rate payable on a structured financing changes based on multiples of changes in interest rates or inversely to changes in interest rates), default risk, prepayment risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, structural risk, and legal risk Additional risks of CDOs include: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will be insufficient to make interest or other payments; (ii) the possibility that the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default, due to factors such as the availability of any credit enhancement, the level and timing of payments and recoveries on and the characteristics of the underlying receivables, loans, or other assets that are being securitized, remoteness of those assets from the originator or transferor, the adequacy of and ability to realize upon any related collateral, and the capability of the servicer of the securitized assets; (iii) market and liquidity

 

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risks affecting the price of a structured finance investment, if required to be sold, at the time of sale; and (iv) if the particular structured product is invested in a security in which a Fund is also invested, this would tend to increase the Fund’s overall exposure to the credit of the issuer of such securities, at least on an absolute, if not on a relative basis. In addition, due to the complex nature of a CDO, an investment in a CDO may not perform as expected. An investment in a CDO also is subject to the risk that the issuer and the investors may interpret the terms of the instrument differently, giving rise to disputes.

The Funds may invest in covered bonds, which are debt securities issued by banks or other credit institutions that are backed by both the issuing institution and underlying pool of assets that compose the bond (a “cover pool”). The cover pool for a covered bond is typically composed of residential or commercial mortgage loans or loans to public sector institutions. A covered bond may lose value if the credit rating of the issuing bank or credit institution is downgraded or the quality of the assets in the cover pool deteriorates.

Adjustable Rate Securities

Adjustable rate securities are securities that have interest rates that reset at periodic intervals, usually by reference to an interest rate index or market interest rate. Adjustable rate securities include U.S. government securities and securities of other issuers. Some adjustable rate securities are backed by pools of mortgage loans. Although the rate adjustment feature may act as a buffer to reduce sharp changes in the value of adjustable rate securities, changes in market interest rates or changes in the issuer’s creditworthiness may still affect their value. Because the interest rate is reset only periodically, changes in the interest rates on adjustable rate securities may lag changes in prevailing market interest rates. Also, some adjustable rate securities (or, in the case of securities backed by mortgage loans, the underlying mortgages) are subject to caps or floors that limit the maximum change in interest rate during a specified period or over the life of the security. Because of the rate adjustments, adjustable rate securities are less likely than non-adjustable rate securities of comparable quality and maturity to increase significantly in value when market interest rates fall.

Below Investment Grade Securities

Some Funds may invest some or all of their assets in securities or instruments rated below investment grade (that is, rated below Baa3/P-2 by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or below BBB-/A-2 by Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) for a particular security/commercial paper, or securities unrated by Moody’s or S&P that are determined by the Manager to be of comparable quality to securities so rated) at the time of purchase, including securities in the lowest rating categories and comparable unrated securities (“Below Investment Grade Securities”) (commonly referred to as “junk bonds”). In addition, some Funds may hold securities that are downgraded to below-investment-grade status after the time of purchase by the Funds. Many issuers of high yield debt are highly leveraged, and their relatively high debt-to-equity ratios create increased risks that their operations might not generate sufficient cash flow to service their debt obligations. In addition, many issuers of high yield debt may be (i) in poor financial condition, (ii) experiencing poor operating results, (iii) having substantial capital needs or negative net worth, or (iv) facing special competitive or product obsolescence problems, and may include companies involved in bankruptcy or other reorganizations or liquidation proceedings.

 

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Compared to higher quality fixed income securities, Below Investment Grade Securities offer the potential for higher investment returns but subject holders to greater credit and market risk. The ability of an issuer of Below Investment Grade Securities to meet principal and interest payments is considered speculative. A Fund’s investments in Below Investment Grade Securities are more dependent on the Manager’s own credit analysis than its investments in higher quality bonds. Certain of these securities may not be publicly traded, and therefore it may be difficult to obtain information as to the true condition of the issuers. The market for Below Investment Grade Securities may be more severely affected than other financial markets by economic recession or substantial interest rate increases, changing public perceptions, or legislation that limits the ability of certain categories of financial institutions to invest in Below Investment Grade Securities. In addition, the market may be less liquid for Below Investment Grade Securities than for other types of securities. Reduced liquidity can affect the values of Below Investment Grade Securities, make their valuation and sale more difficult, and result in greater volatility. Because Below Investment Grade Securities are difficult to value and are more likely to be fair valued (see “Determination of Net Asset Value” in the Prospectus and herein), particularly during erratic markets, the values realized on their sale may differ from the values at which they are carried on the books of a Fund. Some Below Investment Grade Securities in which a Fund invests may be in poor standing or in default.

Securities in the lowest investment-grade category (BBB or Baa) also have some speculative characteristics. See “Appendix B – Commercial Paper and Corporate Debt Ratings” for more information concerning commercial paper and corporate debt ratings.

Distressed or Defaulted Instruments

Some Funds may invest in securities, claims, and obligations of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers which are experiencing significant financial or business difficulties (including companies involved in bankruptcy or other reorganization and liquidation proceedings). A Fund may purchase distressed securities and instruments of all kinds, including equity and debt instruments and, in particular, loans, loan participations, claims held by trade or other creditors, bonds, notes, non-performing and sub-performing mortgage loans, beneficial interests in liquidating trusts or other similar types of trusts, fee interests and financial interests in real estate, partnership interests and similar financial instruments, executory contracts and participations therein, many of which are not publicly traded and which may involve a substantial degree of risk.

Investments in distressed or defaulted instruments generally are considered speculative and may involve substantial risks not normally associated with investments in healthier companies, including adverse business, financial or economic conditions that can lead to defaulted payments and insolvency proceedings.

In particular, defaulted obligations might be repaid, if at all, only after lengthy workout or bankruptcy proceedings, during which the issuer might not make any interest or other payments. The amount of any recovery may be adversely affected by the relative priority of the Fund’s investment in the issuer’s capital structure. The ability to enforce obligations may be adversely affected by actions or omissions of predecessors in interest that give rise to counterclaims or defenses, including causes of action for equitable subordination or debt recharacterization. In addition, such investments, collateral securing such investments, and payments made in respect of such investments may be challenged as fraudulent conveyances or to be subject to avoidance as preferences under certain circumstances.

 

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Investments in distressed securities inherently have more credit risk than do investments in similar securities and instruments of non-distressed companies, and the degree of risk associated with any particular distressed securities may be difficult or impossible for the Manager to determine within reasonable standards of predictability. The level of analytical sophistication, both financial and legal, necessary for successful investment in distressed securities is unusually high.

If the Manager’s evaluation of the eventual recovery value of a defaulted instrument should prove incorrect, a Fund may lose a substantial portion or all of its investment or it may be required to accept cash or instruments with a value less than the Fund’s original investment.

Investments in financially distressed companies domiciled outside the United States involve additional risks. Bankruptcy law and creditor reorganization processes may differ substantially from those in the United States, resulting in greater uncertainty as to the rights of creditors, the enforceability of such rights, reorganization timing and the classification, seniority and treatment of claims. In certain developing countries, although bankruptcy laws have been enacted, the process for reorganization remains highly uncertain.

In addition, investments in distressed or defaulted instruments can present special tax issues for a Fund. See “Taxes” below for more information.

Brady Bonds

Brady Bonds are securities created through the restructuring of commercial bank loans to public and private entities under a debt restructuring plan introduced by former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Nicholas F. Brady (the “Brady Plan”). Brady Plan debt restructurings have been implemented in Mexico, Uruguay, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Argentina, Nigeria, the Philippines, and other emerging countries.

Brady Bonds may be collateralized, are issued in various currencies (but primarily the U.S. dollar), and are traded in OTC secondary markets. U.S. dollar-denominated, collateralized Brady Bonds, which may be fixed-rate bonds or floating-rate bonds, are generally collateralized in full as to principal by U.S. Treasury zero coupon bonds having the same maturity as the bonds.

The valuation of a Brady Bond typically depends on an evaluation of: (i) any collateralized repayments of principal at final maturity; (ii) any collateralized interest payments; (iii) the uncollateralized interest payments; and (iv) any uncollateralized repayments of principal at maturity (the uncollateralized amounts constitute the “residual risk”). In light of the history of prior defaults by the issuers of Brady Bonds, investments in Brady Bonds may be viewed as speculative regardless of the current credit rating of the issuer. There are very few remaining Brady bonds in existence today.

 

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Euro Bonds

Euro bonds are securities denominated in U.S. dollars or another currency and sold to investors outside of the country whose currency is used. Euro bonds may be issued by government or corporate issuers, and are typically underwritten by banks and brokerage firms in numerous countries. While Euro bonds often pay principal and interest in Eurodollars (i.e., U.S. dollars held in banks outside of the United States), some Euro bonds may pay principal and interest in other currencies. Euro bonds are subject to the same risks as other fixed income securities. See “Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities Generally” above.

Zero Coupon Securities

A Fund investing in “zero coupon” fixed income securities accrues interest income at a fixed rate based on initial purchase price and length to maturity, but the securities do not pay interest in cash on a current basis. The Fund is required to distribute the accrued income to its shareholders, even though the Fund is not receiving the income in cash on a current basis. Thus, a Fund may have to sell other investments to obtain cash to make income distributions (including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so). See “Taxes” below. The market value of zero coupon securities is often more volatile than that of non-zero coupon fixed income securities of comparable quality and maturity. Zero coupon securities include IO/PO Strips and STRIPS.

Indexed Investments

Each Fund may invest in various transactions and instruments that are designed to track the performance of an index (including, but not limited to, securities indices and credit default indices). Indexed securities are securities the redemption values and/or coupons of which are indexed to a specific instrument, group of instruments, index, or other statistic. Indexed securities typically, but not always, are debt securities or deposits whose value at maturity or coupon rate is determined by reference to other securities, securities or inflation indices, currencies, precious metals or other commodities, or other financial indicators. For example, the maturity value of gold-indexed securities depends on the price of gold and, therefore, their price tends to rise and fall with gold prices.

While investments that track the performance of an index may increase the number, and thus the diversity, of the underlying assets to which the Fund is exposed, such investments are subject to many of the same risks of investing in the underlying assets that comprise the index discussed elsewhere in this section, as well as certain additional risks that are not typically associated with investments in such underlying assets. An investment that is designed to track the performance of an index may not replicate and maintain exactly the same composition and relative weightings of the assets in the index. Additionally, the liquidity of the market for such investments may be subject to the same conditions affecting liquidity in the underlying assets and markets and could be relatively less liquid in certain circumstances. The performance of indexed securities depends on the performance of the security, security index, inflation index, currency, or other instrument to which they are indexed. Interest rate changes in the U.S. and abroad also may influence performance. Indexed securities also are subject to the credit risks of the issuer, and their values are adversely affected by declines in the issuer’s creditworthiness.

 

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A Fund’s investments in certain indexed securities, including inflation indexed bonds, may generate taxable income in excess of the interest they pay to the Fund, which may cause the Fund to sell investments to obtain cash to make income distributions to shareholders (including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so). See “Taxes” below.

Currency-Indexed Securities. Currency-indexed securities have maturity values or interest rates determined by reference to the values of one or more foreign currencies. Currency-indexed securities also may have maturity values or interest rates that depend on the values of a number of different foreign currencies relative to each other.

Inverse Floating Obligations. Indexed securities in which a Fund may invest include so-called “inverse floating obligations” or “residual interest bonds” on which the interest rates typically decline as the index or reference rates, typically short-term interest rates, increase and increase as index or reference rates decline. An inverse floating obligation may have the effect of investment leverage to the extent that its interest rate varies by a magnitude that exceeds the magnitude of the change in the index or reference rate of interest. Generally, leverage will result in greater price volatility.

Inflation Indexed Bonds. Some Funds may invest in inflation indexed bonds and in futures contracts on inflation indexed bonds. See “Options and Futures – Inflation Linked Futures” above for a discussion of inflation linked futures. Inflation indexed bonds are fixed income securities whose principal value is adjusted periodically according to the rate of inflation. Two structures are common. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers use a structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Most other issuers pay out the CPI accruals as part of a semiannual coupon.

Inflation indexed securities issued by the U.S. Treasury (or “TIPS”) have maturities of approximately three, five, ten, or thirty years, although it is possible that securities that have other maturities will be issued in the future. U.S. Treasury securities pay interest on a semi-annual basis equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal amount. For example, if a Fund purchased an inflation indexed bond with a par value of $1,000 and a 3% real rate of return coupon (payable 1.5% semi-annually), and the rate of inflation over the first six months was 1%, the mid-year par value of the bond would be $1,010 and the first semi-annual interest payment would be $15.15 ($1,010 times 1.5%). If inflation during the second half of the year resulted in the whole year’s inflation equaling 3%, the end-of-year par value of the bond would be $1,030 and the second semi-annual interest payment would be $15.45 ($1,030 times 1.5%).

If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation indexed bonds will be adjusted downward and, consequently, the interest they pay (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. The U.S. government guarantees the repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) in the case of a TIPS, even during a period of deflation, although the inflation-adjusted principal received could be less than the inflation-adjusted principal that had accrued to the bond at the time of purchase. However, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed and will fluctuate. A Fund also may invest in other inflation-related bonds which may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal.

 

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The value of inflation indexed bonds normally changes when real interest rates change. Real interest rates, in turn, are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates (i.e., stated interest rates) and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if the rate of inflation rises at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates (i.e., nominal interest rate minus inflation) might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation indexed bonds. In contrast, if nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation indexed bonds. There can be no assurance, however, that the value of inflation indexed bonds will change in the same proportion as changes in nominal interest rates, and short term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in their value.

Although inflation indexed bonds protect their holders from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may result in a decline in value. In addition, inflation indexed bonds do not protect holders from increases in interest rates due to reasons other than inflation (such as changes in currency exchange rates).

The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation indexed bonds is tied to the Consumer Price Index for Urban Consumers (“CPI-U”), which is calculated monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPI-U is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as housing, food, transportation, and energy. Inflation indexed bonds issued by a foreign government are generally adjusted to reflect changes in a comparable inflation index calculated by the foreign government. No assurance can be given that the CPI-U or any foreign inflation index will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. In addition, no assurance can be given that the rate of inflation in a foreign country will correlate to the rate of inflation in the United States.

Coupon payments received by a Fund from inflation indexed bonds are included in the Fund’s gross income for the period in which they accrue. In addition, any increase in the principal amount of an inflation indexed bond constitutes taxable ordinary income to investors in the Fund, even though principal is not paid until maturity.

Structured Notes

Similar to indexed securities, structured notes are derivative debt securities, the interest rate or principal of which is determined by reference to changes in the value of a specific asset, reference rate, or index (the “reference”) or the relative change in two or more references. The interest rate or the principal amount payable upon maturity or redemption may increase or decrease, depending upon changes in the reference. The terms of a structured note may provide that, in certain circumstances, no principal is due at maturity and, therefore, may result in a loss of invested capital. Structured notes may be indexed positively or negatively, so that appreciation of the reference may produce an increase or decrease in the interest rate or value of the principal at maturity. In addition, changes in the interest rate or the value of the principal at maturity may be fixed at a specified multiple of the change in the value of the reference, making the value of the note particularly volatile.

 

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Structured notes may entail a greater degree of market risk than other types of debt securities because the investor bears the risk of the reference. Structured notes also may be more volatile, less liquid, and more difficult to price accurately than less complex securities or more traditional debt securities.

Firm Commitments and When-Issued Securities

Some Funds may enter into firm commitments and similar agreements with banks or broker-dealers for the purchase or sale of securities at an agreed-upon price on a specified future date. For example, a Fund that invests in fixed-income securities may enter into a firm commitment agreement if the Manager anticipates a decline in interest rates and believes it is able to obtain a more advantageous future yield by committing currently to purchase securities to be issued later. A Fund generally does not earn income on the securities it has committed to purchase until after delivery. A Fund may take delivery of the securities or, if deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, may sell the securities before the settlement date. When payment is due on when-issued or delayed-delivery securities, the Fund makes payment from then-available cash flow or the sale of securities, or from the sale of the when-issued or delayed-delivery securities themselves (which may have a value greater or less than what the Fund paid for them).

Loans (Including Bank Loans), Loan Participations, and Assignments

Some Funds may invest in direct debt instruments, which are interests in amounts owed by a corporate, governmental, or other borrower to lenders or lending syndicates (loans, including bank loans, promissory notes, and loan participations), to suppliers of goods or services (trade claims or other receivables), or to other parties. Investments in direct debt instruments are subject to a Fund’s policies regarding the quality of debt investments generally. Such instruments may include term loans and revolving loans, may pay interest at a fixed or floating rate and may be senior or subordinated. The Funds may acquire interests in loans either directly (by way of sale or assignment) or indirectly (by way of participation).

Purchases of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness, including promissory notes, depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the borrower for payment of principal and interest, and adverse changes in the creditworthiness of the borrower may affect its ability to pay principal and interest. Direct debt instruments may not be rated by any rating agency. In the event of non-payment of interest or principal, loans that are secured offer a Fund more protection than comparable unsecured loans. However, no assurance can be given that the collateral for a secured loan can be liquidated or that the proceeds will satisfy the borrower’s obligation. Investment in the indebtedness of borrowers with low creditworthiness involves substantially greater risks, and may be highly speculative. Borrowers that are in bankruptcy or restructuring may never pay off their indebtedness, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed. Investments in sovereign debt similarly involve the risk that the governmental entities responsible for repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to pay interest and repay principal when due. The bank loans acquired by a Fund may be below investment-grade.

When investing in a loan participation, a Fund typically purchases participation interests in a portion of a lender’s or participant’s interest in a loan but has no direct contractual relationship with the borrower. Participation interests in a portion of a debt obligation typically result in a

 

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contractual relationship only with the institution participating in the interest, not with the borrower. The Fund must rely on the seller of the participation interest not only for the enforcement of the Fund’s rights against the borrower but also for the receipt and processing of principal, interest, or other payments due under the loan. This may subject the Fund to greater delays, expenses, and risks than if the Fund could enforce its rights directly against the borrower. In addition, the Fund generally will have no rights of set-off against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the participation. A participation agreement also may limit the rights of the Fund to vote on changes that may be made to the underlying loan agreement, such as waiving a breach of a covenant. In addition, under the terms of a participation agreement, the Fund may be treated as a creditor of the seller of the participation interest (rather than of the borrower), thus exposing the Fund to the credit risk of the seller in addition to the credit risk of the borrower. Additional risks include inadequate perfection of a loan’s security interest, the possible invalidation or compromise of an investment transaction as a fraudulent conveyance or preference under relevant creditors’ rights laws, the validity and seniority of bank claims and guarantees, environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations, and adverse consequences resulting from participating in such instruments through other institutions with lower credit quality.

Bank loans and participation interests may not be readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. There can be no assurance that future levels of supply and demand in loan or loan participation trading will provide an adequate degree of liquidity and no assurance that the market will not experience periods of significant illiquidity in the future.

Investments in loans through direct assignment of a lender’s interests may involve additional risks to a Fund. For example, if a secured loan is foreclosed, the Fund could become part owner of any collateral, and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the collateral. In addition, under legal theories of lender liability, the Fund potentially might be held liable as a co-lender.

A loan is often administered by a bank or other financial institution that acts as agent for all holders. The agent administers the terms of the loan, as specified in the loan agreement. Unless, under the terms of the loan or other indebtedness a Fund has direct recourse against the borrower, it may have to rely on the agent to enforce its rights against the borrower.

The Manager may, with respect to its management of investments in certain loans for a Fund, seek to remain flexible to purchase and sell other securities in the borrower’s capital structure, by remaining “public.” In such cases, the Manager will seek to avoid receiving material, non-public information about the borrowers to which the Fund may lend (through assignments, participations or otherwise). The Manager’s decision not to use material, non-public information about borrowers may place the Manager at an information disadvantage relative to other lenders. Also, in instances where lenders are asked to grant amendments, waivers or consents in favor of the borrower, the Manager’s ability to assess the significance of the amendment, waiver or consent or its desirability from a Fund’s point of view may be materially and adversely affected.

 

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When the Manager’s employees, on-site consultants, partners, members, directors, or officers come into possession of material, non-public information about the issuers of loans that may be held by a Fund or other accounts managed by the Manager (either intentionally or inadvertently), or material, non-public information is otherwise attributed to the Manager, the Manager’s ability to trade in other securities of the issuers of these loans for the account of the Manager will be limited pursuant to applicable securities laws. Such limitations on the Manager’s ability to trade could have an adverse effect on a Fund. In many instances, these trading restrictions could continue in effect for a substantial period of time.

Direct indebtedness purchased by a Fund may include letters of credit, revolving credit facilities, or other standby financing commitments obligating the Fund to pay additional cash on demand. These commitments may have the effect of requiring the Fund to increase its investment in a borrower at a time when it would not otherwise have done so. A Fund is required to maintain liquid assets to cover the Fund’s potential obligations under standby financing commitments.

Trade Claims. The Funds may purchase trade claims against companies, including companies in bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings. Trade claims generally include claims of suppliers for goods delivered and not paid, claims for unpaid services rendered, claims for contract rejection damages and claims related to litigation. An investment in trade claims is very speculative and carries a high degree of risk. Trade claims are illiquid instruments which generally do not pay interest and there can be no guarantee that the debtor will ever be able to satisfy the obligation on the trade claim. Additionally, there can be restrictions on the purchase, sale, and/or transferability of trade claims during all or part of a bankruptcy proceeding. The markets in trade claims generally are not regulated by U.S. federal securities laws or the SEC.

Trade claims are typically unsecured and may be subordinated to other unsecured obligations of a debtor, and generally are subject to defenses of the debtor with respect to the underlying transaction giving rise to the trade claim. Although the Manager endeavors to protect against such risks in connection with the evaluation and purchase of claims, trade claims are subject to risks not generally associated with standardized securities and instruments due to the idiosyncratic nature of the claims purchased. These risks include the risk that the debtor may contest the allowance of the claim due to disputes the debtor has with the original claimant or the inequitable conduct of the original claimant, or due to administrative errors in connection with the transfer of the claim. Recovery on allowed trade claims also may be impaired if the anticipated dividend payable on unsecured claims in the bankruptcy is not realized or if the timing of the bankruptcy distribution is delayed. As a result of the foregoing factors, trade claims are also subject to the risk that if a Fund does receive payment, it may be in an amount less than what the Fund paid for or otherwise expects to receive in respect of the claim.

In addition, because they are not negotiable instruments, trade claims are typically less liquid than negotiable instruments. Given these factors, trade claims often trade at a discount to other pari passu instruments.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Roll Agreements

The Funds may enter into reverse repurchase agreements and dollar roll agreements with banks and brokers to enhance return. Reverse repurchase agreements involve sales by a Fund of

 

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portfolio securities concurrently with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase the same securities at a later date at a fixed price. During the reverse repurchase agreement period, the Fund continues to receive principal and interest payments on the securities and also has the opportunity to earn a return on the collateral furnished by the counterparty to secure its obligation to redeliver the securities.

Dollar rolls are transactions in which a Fund sells securities for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar (same type and coupon) securities on a specified future date. During the roll period, the Fund foregoes principal and interest paid on the securities. The Fund is compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the forward price for the future purchase (often referred to as the “drop”) as well as by the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale.

If the buyer in a reverse repurchase agreement or dollar roll agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, a Fund’s use of proceeds from the sale of its securities may be restricted while the other party or its trustee or receiver determines whether to honor the Fund’s right to repurchase the securities. Furthermore, in that situation a Fund may be unable to recover the securities it sold in connection with a reverse repurchase agreement and as a result would realize a loss equal to the difference between the value of the securities and the payment it received for them. This loss would be greater to the extent the buyer paid less than the value of the securities the Fund sold to it (e.g., a buyer may only be willing to pay $95 for a bond with a market value of $100). A Fund’s use of reverse repurchase agreements also subjects the Fund to interest costs based on the difference between the sale and repurchase price of a security involved in such a transaction. Additionally, reverse repurchase agreements entail the same risks as over-the-counter derivatives. These include the risk that the counterparty to the reverse repurchase agreement may not be able to fulfill its obligations, as discussed above, that the parties may disagree as to the meaning or application of contractual terms, or that the instrument may not perform as expected. See “Description of Principal Risks – Derivatives Risk” and “ – Counterparty Risk” in the Prospectus and “Uses of Derivatives” below. Reverse repurchase agreements and dollar rolls are not considered borrowings by a Fund for purposes of a Fund’s fundamental investment restriction on borrowings.

Commodity-Related Investments

Some Funds may gain exposure to commodity markets by investing in commodities or commodity-related instruments directly or indirectly, including through investments in GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, a series of the Trust, which is offered through a separate private placement memorandum. GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund pursues its objective by investing in a range of markets, including the commodity markets, which include a range of assets with tangible properties, such as oil, natural gas, agricultural products (e.g., wheat, corn, and livestock), precious metals (e.g., gold and silver), industrial metals (e.g., copper), and softs (e.g., cocoa, coffee, and sugar). GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund obtains such exposure by investing in shares of a wholly owned subsidiary company, which, in turn, primarily invests in commodity-related derivatives (as defined below). GMO serves as the investment manager to the subsidiary but does not receive any additional management or other fees for such services.

 

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Commodity prices can be extremely volatile and may be directly or indirectly affected by many factors, including changes in overall market movements, real or perceived inflationary trends, commodity index volatility, changes in interest rates or currency exchange rates, population growth and changing demographics, and factors affecting a particular industry or commodity, such as drought, floods, or other weather conditions, livestock disease, trade embargoes, competition from substitute products, transportation bottlenecks or shortages, fluctuations in supply and demand, tariffs, and international regulatory, political, and economic developments (e.g., regime changes and changes in economic activity levels). In addition, some commodities are subject to limited pricing flexibility because of supply and demand factors, and others are subject to broad price fluctuations as a result of the volatility of prices for certain raw materials and the instability of supplies of other materials.

Actions of and changes in governments, and political and economic instability, in commodity-producing and -exporting countries may affect the production and marketing of commodities. In addition, commodity-related industries throughout the world are subject to greater political, environmental, and other governmental regulation than many other industries. Changes in government policies and the need for regulatory approvals may adversely affect the products and services of companies in the commodities industries. For example, the exploration, development, and distribution of coal, oil, and gas in the United States are subject to significant federal and state regulation, which may affect rates of return on coal, oil, and gas and the kinds of services that the federal and state governments may offer to companies in those industries. In addition, compliance with environmental and other safety regulations has caused many companies in commodity-related industries to incur production delays and significant costs. Government regulation also may impede the development of new technologies. The effect of future regulations affecting commodity-related industries cannot be predicted.

GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund achieves indirect exposure to commodities through its wholly owned subsidiary, which, in turn, invests in derivatives whose values are based on the value of a commodity, commodity index, or other readily-measurable economic variables dependent upon changes in the value of commodities or the commodities markets (“commodity-related derivatives”). The value of commodity-related derivatives fluctuates based on changes in the values of the underlying commodity, commodity index, futures contract, or other economic variable to which they are related. Additionally, economic leverage will increase the volatility of these instruments as they may increase or decrease in value more quickly than the underlying commodity or other relevant economic variable. See “Options and Futures” “Structured Notes,” “Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts,” and “Uses of Derivatives” herein for more information on the Fund’s investments in derivatives, including commodity-related derivatives such as swap agreements, commodity futures contracts, and options on commodity futures contracts.

Asset Allocation Funds that invest in GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund should generally be entitled to treat all of the income that they recognize from GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, including income from GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund’s investment in its subsidiary, as qualifying income for purposes of qualifying as a regulated investment company under the Code. There is a risk, however, that the IRS could determine that some or all of the income derived from GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund’s investment

 

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in its subsidiary should not be treated as qualifying income in the hands of the Asset Allocation Funds, which might adversely affect the Asset Allocation Funds’ ability to qualify as regulated investment companies. GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund’s subsidiary is a “controlled foreign corporation” for U.S. federal tax purposes. See “Taxes” below.

A Fund’s direct investments in certain commodity-related instruments may be limited by the Fund’s intention to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code, and may limit the Fund’s ability to so qualify. See “Taxes” below for more information.

Illiquid Securities, Private Placements, Restricted Securities, and IPOs and Other Limited Opportunities

At the time of purchase, each Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. For this purpose, “illiquid securities” are securities that the Fund may not sell or dispose of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the securities.

A repurchase agreement maturing in more than seven days is considered illiquid, unless it can be terminated after a notice period of seven days or less.

Private Placements and Restricted Investments. Illiquid securities include securities of private issuers, securities traded in unregulated or shallow markets, securities issued by entities deemed to be affiliates of a Fund, and securities that are purchased in private placements and are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. Because relatively few purchasers of these securities may exist, especially in the event of adverse economic and liquidity conditions or adverse changes in the issuer’s financial condition, a Fund may not be able to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position in such investments at a desirable price. Disposing of illiquid securities may involve time-consuming negotiation and legal expenses, and selling them promptly at an acceptable price may be difficult or impossible.

While private placements may offer attractive opportunities not otherwise available in the open market, the securities purchased are usually “restricted securities” or are “not readily marketable.” Restricted securities cannot be sold without being registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), unless they are sold pursuant to an exemption from registration (such as Rules 144 or 144A). Securities that are not readily marketable are subject to other legal or contractual restrictions on resale. A Fund may have to bear the expense of registering restricted securities for resale and the risk of substantial delay in effecting registration. A Fund selling its securities in a registered offering may be deemed to be an “underwriter” for purposes of Section 11 of the 1933 Act. In such event, the Fund may be liable to purchasers of the securities under Section 11 if the registration statement prepared by the issuer, or the prospectus forming a part of it, is materially inaccurate or misleading, although the Fund may have a due diligence defense.

At times, the inability to sell illiquid securities can make it more difficult to determine their fair value for purposes of computing a Fund’s net asset value. The judgment of the Manager normally plays a greater role in valuing these securities than in valuing publicly traded securities.

 

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IPOs and Other Limited Opportunities. Certain Funds may purchase securities of companies that are offered pursuant to an initial public offering (“IPO”) or other similar limited opportunities. Although companies can be any age or size at the time of their IPO, they are often smaller and have a limited operating history, which involves a greater potential for the value of their securities to be impaired following the IPO. The price of a company’s securities may be highly unstable at the time of its IPO and for a period thereafter due to factors such as market psychology prevailing at the time of the IPO, the absence of a prior public market, the small number of shares available, and limited availability of investor information. Securities purchased in IPOs have a tendency to fluctuate in value significantly shortly after the IPO relative to the price at which they were purchased. These fluctuations could impact the net asset value and return earned on a Fund’s shares. Investors in IPOs can be adversely affected by substantial dilution in the value of their shares, by sales of additional shares, and by concentration of control in existing management and principal shareholders. In addition, all of the factors that affect the performance of an economy or equity markets may have a greater impact on the shares of IPO companies. IPO securities tend to involve greater risk due, in part, to public perception and the lack of publicly available information and trading history.

Investments in Other Investment Companies or Other Pooled Investments

Subject to applicable regulatory requirements, a Fund may invest in shares of both open- and closed-end investment companies (including other GMO Funds, money market funds, and ETFs). Investing in another investment company exposes a Fund to all the risks of that investment company and, in general, subjects it to a pro rata portion of the other investment company’s fees and expenses. Many of the Funds also may invest in private investment funds, vehicles, or structures.

ETFs are hybrid investment companies that are registered as open-end investment companies or unit investment trusts (“UITs”) but possess some of the characteristics of closed-end funds. ETFs in which a Fund may invest typically hold a portfolio of common stocks that is intended to track the price and dividend performance of a particular index. The Funds also may invest in actively-managed ETFs. Common examples of ETFs include S&P Depositary Receipts (“SPDRs”), Vanguard ETFs, and iShares, which may be purchased from the UIT or investment company issuing the securities or in the secondary market (SPDRs, Vanguard ETFs, and iShares are predominantly listed on the NYSE Arca). The market price for ETF shares may be higher or lower than the ETF’s net asset value. The sale and redemption prices of ETF shares purchased from the issuer are based on the issuer’s net asset value.

Because ETFs are investment companies, investments in ETFs would, absent exemptive relief, be limited under applicable statutory limitations. Those limitations restrict a Fund’s investment in the shares of an ETF or other investment company to up to 5% of the Fund’s assets (which may represent no more than 3% of the securities of such ETF or other investment company) and limit aggregate investments in all ETFs and other investment companies to 10% of the Fund’s assets. Certain Funds, including Emerging Markets Fund, Emerging Countries Fund, Taiwan Fund and Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund, may invest in one or more ETFs beyond the statutory limitations pursuant to an agreement with the ETF, provided that the Fund complies with the terms and conditions of the agreement and the conditions of the ETF’s exemptive order.

 

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Currency Hedged International Equity Fund, Alpha Only Fund, and many of the Fixed Income Funds may invest without limitation in other GMO Funds. These investments are not made in reliance on the fund of funds exemption provided in Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act, but instead are made in reliance on a Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) exemptive order obtained by the Manager and the Trust permitting Funds of the Trust to operate as funds of funds. As described in each Prospectus, shareholders of the investing Funds do not bear directly any of the operating fees and expenses of these underlying Funds, but bear indirectly a proportionate share of their operating fees and expenses (absent reimbursement of those expenses).

The Asset Allocation Funds (except U.S. Equity Allocation Fund) may invest in Resources Fund. Resources Fund may invest in certain natural resources-related entities that are partnerships, trusts, or other pass-through structures for U.S. federal tax purposes, including, for instance, certain ETFs (e.g., ETFs investing in gold bullion or commodities futures or other derivatives). Resources Fund’s investments in such entities could bear on or be limited by its intention to qualify as a RIC, and, in some cases, may adversely affect its ability to qualify as a regulated investment company in a particular year. If Resources Fund were to fail to qualify as a RIC for a particular year, a Fund’s returns from its investment in Resources Fund could be adversely affected. See “Taxes” below.

Tax-Sensitive Strategies

When making investment decisions for Tax-Managed International Equities Fund, the Manager considers the after-tax impact of portfolio transactions. In doing so, the Manager may employ a variety of tax management techniques, such as seeking to minimize sales of securities that result in capital gains, preferring the sale of securities producing long-term capital gains to those producing short-term capital gains, and selling securities to realize capital losses that can be offset against realized capital gains. Tax-Managed International Equities Fund’s ability to utilize excess net capital losses from prior taxable years, if any, to reduce distributable net realized capital gains in subsequent taxable years may be limited by reason of direct or indirect changes in actual or constructive ownership of the Fund. Please see “Taxes” in this SAI for more information, including information about recent changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules concerning capital loss carryforwards. In addition, the tax management techniques employed by the Manager may change over time depending upon a variety of factors, including current market conditions, changes in tax law or rates, and the amount of embedded gains and losses in a Fund’s portfolio. No assurance can be given that the Manager will be successful in employing any or all of these strategies.

In addition, for redemptions initiated by the shareholder, in lieu of redeeming its shares in cash, a Fund may pay the redemption price in whole or in part with securities, so as to avoid having to distribute any capital appreciation in those securities to its remaining shareholders. The effect on the redeeming shareholder is generally the same for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a redemption in cash. Shareholders redeeming their shares from a taxable account in exchange for a portion of a Fund’s portfolio securities will pay tax on any capital gains realized on the Fund shares redeemed and may incur additional gains or losses during the period between the date of redemption and the date they sell the securities received. They also may incur brokerage, taxes and/or other charges on the receipt or sale of those securities.

 

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Investments in Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries

Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund and Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund may invest in one or more wholly-owned, subsidiary companies, and, if so, will be indirectly exposed to the risks of any such subsidiary’s investments.

Future changes in the securities, corporate, tax or other applicable laws of the United States and/or the jurisdiction in which a subsidiary is organized could result in the inability of Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund, Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund and/or their respective subsidiaries to operate as described in the Prospectus or this SAI and could adversely affect each such Fund and its shareholders.

Legal and Regulatory Risk

Legal, tax, and regulatory changes could occur during the term of a Fund that may adversely affect the Fund. New (or revised) laws or regulations or interpretations of existing law may be issued by the IRS or Treasury Department, the CFTC, the SEC, the U.S. Federal Reserve or other banking regulators, or other governmental regulatory authorities, or self-regulatory organizations that supervise the financial markets that could adversely affect the Funds. In particular, these agencies are empowered to promulgate a variety of new rules pursuant to recently enacted financial reform legislation in the United States. The Funds also may be adversely affected by changes in the enforcement or interpretation of existing statutes and rules by these governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations. In addition, the securities and futures markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations, and margin requirements. The CFTC, the SEC, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, other regulators, and self-regulatory organizations and exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of market emergencies. The regulation of derivatives transactions and funds that engage in such transactions is an evolving area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action.

The U.S. government recently enacted legislation that provides for new regulation of the derivatives market, including clearing, margin, reporting, and registration requirements. The CFTC, SEC and other federal regulators have been tasked with developing the rules and regulations enacting the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. While certain of the rules are not effective, other rules are not yet final, so its ultimate impact remains unclear. New regulations could, among other things, restrict a Fund’s ability to engage in derivatives transactions (for example, by making certain types of derivatives transactions no longer available to the Fund) and/or increase the costs of such derivatives transactions (for example, by increasing margin or capital requirements), and the Fund may be unable to execute its investment strategy as a result.

The CFTC and certain futures exchanges have established limits, referred to as “position limits,” on the maximum net long or net short positions which any person may hold or control in particular options and futures contracts (and certain related swaps positions). All positions owned or controlled by the same person or entity, even if in different accounts, may be aggregated for purposes of determining whether the applicable position limits have been exceeded. Thus, even if a Fund does not intend to exceed applicable position limits, it is possible

 

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that different clients managed by the Manager and its affiliates may be aggregated for this purpose. Although it is possible that the trading decisions of the Manager may have to be modified and that positions held by the Funds may have to be liquidated in order to avoid exceeding such limits, the Manager believes that this is unlikely. The modification of investment decisions or the elimination of open positions, if it occurs, may adversely affect the profitability of a Fund.

The SEC has in the past adopted interim rules requiring reporting of all short positions above a certain de minimis threshold and may adopt rules requiring monthly public disclosure in the future. In addition, other non-U.S. jurisdictions where a Fund may trade have adopted reporting requirements. If a Fund’s short positions or its strategy become generally known, it could have a significant effect on the Manager’s ability to implement its investment strategy. In particular, it would make it more likely that other investors could cause a “short squeeze” in the securities held short by a Fund forcing the Fund to cover its positions at a loss. Such reporting requirements also may limit the Manager’s ability to access management and other personnel at certain companies where the Manager seeks to take a short position. In addition, if other investors engage in copycat behavior by taking positions in the same issuers as a Fund, the cost of borrowing securities to sell short could increase drastically and the availability of such securities to the Fund could decrease drastically. Such events could make a Fund unable to execute its investment strategy. Short sales are also subject to certain SEC regulations. If the SEC were to adopt additional restrictions regarding short sales, they could restrict a Fund’s ability to engage in short sales in certain circumstances, and the Fund may be unable to execute its investment strategy as a result.

The SEC and regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions may adopt (and in certain cases, have adopted) bans on short sales of certain securities in response to market events. Bans on short selling may make it impossible for a Fund to execute certain investment strategies and may have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to generate returns.

Pending regulations would require any creditor that makes a loan and any securitizer of a loan to retain at least 5% of the credit risk on any loan that is transferred, sold or conveyed by such creditor or securitizer. It is currently unclear how these requirements would apply to loan participations, syndicated loans, and loan assignments. Funds that invest in loans could be adversely affected by the regulation. The effect of any future regulatory change on the Funds could be substantial and adverse.

Lack of Operating History

As of the date of this SAI, International Large/Mid Cap Value Fund, Asset Allocation International Small Companies Fund, and Asset Allocation International Bond Fund have no operating history, and Risk Premium Fund has limited operating history. Therefore, there is no (or, with respect to Risk Premium Fund, limited) operating history to evaluate these Funds’ future performance. The past performance of other investment funds managed by the Manager cannot be relied upon as an indicator of a Fund’s success, in part because of the unique nature of such Fund’s investment strategy. An investor in each Fund must rely upon the ability of the Manager in identifying and implementing investments. There can be no assurance that such personnel will be successful in identifying and implementing investment opportunities for such Fund.

 

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ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

Merger Arbitrage Transactions

Some Funds may engage in merger arbitrage transactions, where a Fund will purchase securities at prices below the Manager’s anticipated value of the cash, securities or other consideration to be paid or exchanged for such securities in a proposed merger, exchange offer, tender offer or other similar transaction. Such purchase price may be substantially in excess of the market price of the securities prior to the announcement of the merger, exchange offer, tender offer or other similar transaction. If the proposed merger, exchange offer, tender offer or other similar transaction later appears likely not to be consummated or in fact is not consummated or is delayed, the market price of the security purchased by the Fund may decline sharply and result in losses to the Fund if such securities are sold, transferred or exchanged for securities or cash, the value of which is less than the purchase price. There is typically asymmetry in the risk/reward payout of mergers – the losses that can occur in the event of deal break-ups can far exceed the gains to be had if deals close successfully. For instance, mark-to-market losses can occur intra-month even if a particular deal is not breaking-up and such losses may or may not be recouped upon successful consummation of such deal. Further, the consummation of mergers, tender offers and exchange offers can be prevented or delayed by a variety of factors, including: (i) regulatory and antitrust restrictions; (ii) political motivations; (iii) industry weakness; (iv) stock specific events; (v) failed financings; and (vi) general market declines. Also, in certain transactions, a Fund may not hedge against market fluctuations. This can result in losses even if the proposed transaction is consummated. In addition, a security to be issued in a merger or exchange offer may be sold short by a Fund in the expectation that the short position will be covered by delivery of such security when issued. If the merger or exchange offer is not consummated, the Fund may be forced to cover its short position at a higher price than its short sale price, resulting in a loss.

Merger arbitrage strategies also depend for success on the overall volume of merger activity, which has historically been cyclical in nature. During periods when merger activity is low, it may be difficult or impossible to identify opportunities for profit or to identify a sufficient number of such opportunities to provide diversification among potential merger transactions.

Merger arbitrage strategies are also subject to the risk of overall market movements. To the extent that a general increase or decline in equity values affects the stocks involved in a merger arbitrage position differently, the position may be exposed to loss. At any given time, arbitrageurs can become improperly hedged by accident or in an effort to maximize risk-adjusted returns. This can lead to inadvertent market-related losses.

Short Sales

A Fund may seek to hedge investments or realize additional gains through short sales. A Fund may make short sales “against the box,” meaning the Fund may make short sales where the Fund owns, or has the right to acquire at no added cost, securities or currencies identical to those sold

 

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short. If a Fund makes a short sale against the box, the Fund will not immediately deliver the securities or currencies sold and will not immediately receive the proceeds from the sale. However, with respect to securities, the Fund is required to hold securities equivalent in kind and amount to the securities sold short (or securities convertible or exchangeable into such securities) while the short sale is outstanding. Once the Fund closes out its short position by delivering the securities or currencies sold short, it will receive the proceeds of the sale. A Fund will incur transaction costs, including interest, in connection with opening, maintaining, and closing short sales against the box.

In addition, certain Funds, in particular Alpha Only Fund and Flexible Equities Fund, are permitted to make short sales of securities or currencies it does not own (i.e., short sales that are not against the box), in anticipation of a decline in the market value of that security or currency. To complete such a transaction, the Fund must borrow the security or currency (e.g., shares of an ETF) to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund then is obligated to replace the security or currency borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at or prior to termination of the loan. The price at such time may be more or less than the price at which the security or currency was sold by the Fund, and purchasing such security or currency to close out a short position can itself cause the price of the security or currency to rise further, thereby exacerbating any losses. Until the security or currency is replaced, the Fund is required to repay the lender any dividends or interest which accrue during the period of the loan. To borrow the security or currency, the Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security or currency sold. The net proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements, until the short position is closed out. A Fund also will incur transaction costs in effecting short sales that are not against the box.

A Fund will incur a loss as a result of a short sale if the price of the security or index or currency increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund replaces the borrowed security or currency. A Fund will realize a gain if the price of the security or currency declines between those dates. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of the premium, dividends or interest a Fund may be required to pay in connection with a short sale. Short sales that are not against the box involve a form of investment leverage, and the amount of a Fund’s loss on such a short sale is theoretically unlimited. Under adverse market conditions, a Fund may have difficulty purchasing securities or currencies to meet its short sale delivery obligations, and may have to sell portfolio securities or currencies to raise the capital necessary to meet its short sale obligations at a time when it would be unfavorable to do so. If a request for return of borrowed securities and/or currencies occurs at a time when other short sellers of the securities and/or currencies are receiving similar requests, a “short squeeze” can occur, and the Fund may be compelled to replace borrowed securities and/or currencies previously sold short with purchases on the open market at the most disadvantageous time, possibly at prices significantly in excess of the proceeds received in originally selling the securities and/or currencies short. In addition, a Fund may have difficulty purchasing securities and/or currencies to meet its delivery obligations in the case of less liquid securities and/or currencies sold short by the Fund such as certain emerging market country securities or securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations. A Fund also may take short positions in securities through various derivative products. These derivative products will typically expose the Fund to economic risks similar to those associated with shorting securities directly.

 

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There can be no assurance that the short positions that a Fund holds will act as an effective hedge against its long positions. Any decrease in negative correlation or increase in positive correlation between the positions the Manager anticipated would be offsetting (such as short and long positions in securities or currencies held by a Fund) could result in significant losses for the Fund.

To the extent the Manager employs a hedging strategy for a Fund, the success of any such hedging strategy will depend, in part, upon the Manager’s ability to correctly assess the degree of correlation between the performance of the instruments used in the hedging strategy and the performance of the investments being hedged.

USES OF DERIVATIVES

Introduction and Overview

Derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of underlying assets, reference rates, or indices, to increase, decrease, or adjust elements of the investment exposures of a Fund’s portfolio. Derivatives may relate to securities, interest rates, currencies, currency exchange rates, inflation rates, commodities, and indices, and include foreign currency contracts, swap contracts, reverse repurchase agreements, and other exchange-traded and OTC contracts.

This overview outlines various ways in which the Funds may use different types of exchange-traded and OTC derivatives in implementing their investment programs. It is intended to supplement the information included in each Fund’s Prospectus, including the risks associated with derivatives described under “Description of Principal Risks” in the Prospectus, and the information provided in the “Fund Investments” and “Descriptions and Risks of Fund Investments” sections of this SAI. This overview, however, is not intended to be exhaustive and a Fund may use types of derivatives and/or employ derivatives strategies not otherwise described in this SAI or the Fund’s Prospectus.

In addition, a Fund may decide not to employ any of the strategies described below, and no assurance can be given that any strategy used will succeed. Also, suitable derivatives transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurance that a Fund will be able to identify or employ a desirable derivatives transaction at any time or from time to time, or that any such transactions will be successful.

Each Fund may take advantage of instruments and any security or synthetic or derivative instruments which are not presently contemplated for use by the Fund or which are not currently available, but which may be developed, to the extent such opportunities are both consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and legally permissible for the Fund. Each Fund may become a party to various other customized derivative instruments entitling the counterparty to certain payments on the gain or loss on the value of an underlying or referenced instrument.

Note: Unless otherwise noted below in this section, the uses of derivatives discussed herein with respect to a particular Fund only refer to the Fund’s direct use of such derivatives. As indicated

 

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in the Prospectus and in the “Fund Investments” section of this SAI, certain Funds may invest in other Funds of the Trust, which, in turn, may use types of derivatives and/or employ derivatives strategies that differ from those described in this SAI or the Prospectus.

Function of Derivatives in the Funds. The types of derivatives used and derivatives strategies employed by a Fund and the extent a Fund uses derivatives varies from Fund to Fund depending on the Fund’s specific investment objective and strategies. Certain Funds may use exchange-traded and OTC financial derivatives as an integral part of their investment program. In addition, specific market conditions may influence the Manager’s choice of derivatives and derivatives strategies for a particular Fund, in some cases to a significant extent.

Legal and Regulatory Risk Relating to Derivatives. As described above under “Descriptions and Risks of Fund Investments – Legal and Regulatory Risk,” the U.S. government recently enacted legislation which includes provisions for new regulation of the derivatives market, including clearing, margin, reporting, and registration requirements. Because the legislation leaves much to rule making (and many of the rules are not yet final), its ultimate impact remains unclear. The regulatory changes could, among other things, restrict a Fund’s ability to engage in derivatives transactions (including because certain types of derivatives transactions may no longer be available to the Fund) and/or increase the costs of such derivatives transactions (including through increased margin or capital requirements), and the Fund may be unable to execute its investment strategy as a result.

 

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Use of Derivatives by the U.S. Equity Funds, International Equity Funds, the Global Equity Funds, and Alpha Only Fund

The Funds may use derivatives as a substitute for direct investment in securities or other assets. For example, a Fund may use derivatives instead of investing directly in equity securities, including using equity derivatives to maintain equity exposure when it holds cash by “equitizing” its cash balances using futures contracts or other types of derivatives. The Funds also may use currency derivatives (including forward currency contracts, futures contracts, swap contracts, and options) to gain exposure to a given currency.

The Funds may use derivatives in an attempt to reduce their investment exposures (which may result in a reduction below zero). A Fund also may use currency derivatives in an attempt to reduce some aspect of the currency exposure in its portfolio. For these purposes, the Fund may use an instrument denominated in a different currency that the Manager believes is highly correlated with the relevant currency.

The Funds may use derivatives in an attempt to adjust elements of their investment exposures to various securities, sectors, markets, indices, and currencies without actually having to sell existing investments or make new direct investments. For example, if a Fund holds a large proportion of stocks of companies in a particular sector and the Manager believes that stocks of companies in another sector will outperform those stocks, the Fund might use a short futures contract on an appropriate index (to synthetically “sell” a portion of the Fund’s portfolio) in combination with a long futures contract on another index (to synthetically “buy” exposure to that index). In adjusting their investment exposures, the Funds also may use currency derivatives in an attempt to adjust their currency exposure, seeking currency exposure that is different (in some cases, significantly different) from the currency exposure represented by their portfolio investments.

The Funds may use derivatives to effect transactions intended as substitutes for securities lending.

The Funds may have investment exposures in excess of their net assets (i.e., they may be leveraged). While the Manager expects that Risk Premium Fund’s option positions typically will be fully collateralized at the time when the Fund is selling them, from time to time the Fund may have investment exposures in excess of its net assets (i.e., it may be leveraged). For example, if Risk Premium Fund receives a redemption request and is unable to close out an option it had sold, the Fund may temporarily have gross investment exposures in excess of its net assets (i.e., the Fund will be leveraged) and therefore is subject to heightened risk of loss. Alpha Only Fund is not limited in its use of derivatives or in the absolute face value of its derivative positions. As a result of its derivative positions, Alpha Only Fund will typically have gross investment exposures in excess of its net assets (i.e., the Fund will be leveraged) and therefore is subject to heightened risk of loss. For each of Risk Premium Fund and Alpha Only Fund, the Fund’s performance can depend substantially, if not primarily, on the performance of assets or indices underlying its derivatives even though it does not own those assets or indices.

 

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A Fund’s foreign currency exposure may differ significantly from the currency exposure represented by its investments.

Use of Derivatives by the Fixed Income Funds

The Funds may use derivatives as a substitute for direct investment in securities or other assets. In particular, the Funds may use swaps or other derivatives on an index, a single security, or a basket of securities to gain investment exposures (e.g., by selling protection under a credit default swap). The Funds also may use currency derivatives (including forward currency contracts, futures contracts, swap contracts, and options) to gain exposure to a given currency.

The Funds may use derivatives in an attempt to reduce their investment exposures (which may result in a reduction below zero). For example, a Fund may use credit default swaps to take a short position with respect to the likelihood of default by an issuer. A Fund also may use currency derivatives in an attempt to reduce (which may result in a reduction below zero) some aspect of the currency exposure in its portfolio. For these purposes, the Fund may use an instrument denominated in a different currency that the Manager believes is highly correlated with the relevant currency.

The Funds may use derivatives in an attempt to adjust elements of their investment exposures to various securities, sectors, markets, indices, and currencies without actually having to sell existing investments or make new direct investments. For instance, the Manager may alter the interest rate exposure of debt instruments by employing interest rate swaps. Such a strategy is designed to maintain the Fund’s exposure to the credit of an issuer through the debt instrument but adjust the Fund’s interest rate exposure through the swap. With these swaps, the Fund and its counterparties exchange interest rate exposure, such as fixed versus variable rates and shorter duration versus longer duration exposure. In adjusting their investment exposures, a Fund also may use currency derivatives in an attempt to adjust its currency exposure, seeking currency exposure that is different (in some cases, significantly different) from the currency exposure represented by its portfolio investments.

Each of the Funds is not limited in its use of derivatives or in the absolute face value of its derivative positions. As a result of their derivative positions, the Funds will typically have (or may have, in the case of Domestic Bond Fund, Short-Duration Collateral Fund, Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund and U.S. Treasury Fund) gross investment exposures in excess of their net assets (i.e., the Funds will be (or may be, in the case of Domestic Bond Fund, Short-Duration Collateral Fund, Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund and U.S. Treasury Fund) leveraged) and therefore are subject to heightened risk of loss. The Funds’ (other than Domestic Bond Fund, Short-Duration Collateral Fund, Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund and U.S. Treasury Fund) performance can depend substantially, if not primarily, on the performance of assets or indices underlying its derivatives even though it does not own those assets or indices.

 

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INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

Fundamental Restrictions:

The following are Fundamental Investment Restrictions of the Funds, which may not be changed without shareholder approval:

(1) Each Fund may not borrow money except under the following circumstances: (i) Each Fund may borrow money from banks so long as after such a transaction, the total assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities other than debt obligations, represent at least 300% of outstanding debt obligations; (ii) Each Fund may also borrow amounts equal to an additional 5% of its total assets without regard to the foregoing limitation for temporary purposes, such as for the clearance and settlement of portfolio transactions and to meet shareholder redemption requests; and (iii) Each Fund may enter into transactions that are technically borrowings under the 1940 Act because they involve the sale of a security coupled with an agreement to repurchase that security (e.g., reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, and other similar investment techniques) without regard to the asset coverage restriction described in (i) above, so long as and to the extent that a Fund’s custodian earmarks and maintains cash and/or high-grade debt securities equal in value to its obligations in respect of these transactions.

Under current pronouncements of the SEC staff, the above types of transactions are not treated as involving senior securities so long as and to the extent that the Fund maintains liquid assets equal in value to its obligations in respect of these transactions.

(2) With respect to each Fund (except for Quality Fund, Developed World Stock Fund, Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund, Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund, World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund, Strategic Fixed Income Fund, International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, U.S. Treasury Fund, Asset Allocation Bond Fund, Asset Allocation International Bond Fund, Flexible Equities Fund, Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund, Global Focused Equity Fund, Resources Fund, and Risk Premium Fund), the Fund may not purchase securities on margin, except such short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities. (For this purpose, the deposit or payment of initial or variation margin in connection with futures contracts or related options transactions is not considered the purchase of a security on margin.)

(3) With respect to each Fund (except for Quality Fund, International Core Equity Fund, International Growth Equity Fund, Developed World Stock Fund, Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund, Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund, World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund, Strategic Fixed Income Fund, International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, Alpha Only Fund, U.S. Treasury Fund, Asset Allocation Bond Fund, Asset Allocation International Bond Fund, Flexible Equities Fund, Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund, Global Focused Equity Fund, Resources Fund, and Risk Premium Fund), the Fund may not make short sales of securities or maintain a short position for the Fund’s account unless at all times when a short position is open the Fund owns an equal amount of such securities or owns securities which, without payment of any further consideration, are convertible into or exchangeable for securities of the same issue as, and equal in amount to, the securities sold short.

 

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This restriction does not prohibit the payment of an amount to exercise the right to acquire the identical securities, provided that the Fund maintains segregated liquid assets in an amount sufficient to exercise such right.

(4) Each Fund may not underwrite securities issued by other persons except to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of its portfolio investments, it may be deemed to be an underwriter under federal securities laws.

(5) Each Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, although it may purchase securities of issuers which deal in real estate, including securities of real estate investment trusts, and may purchase securities which are secured by interests in real estate.

(6) Each Fund may not make loans, except by purchase of debt obligations or by entering into repurchase agreements or through the lending of the Fund’s portfolio securities. Loans of portfolio securities may be made with respect to up to 33 1/3% of a Fund’s total assets in the case of each Fund (except International Intrinsic Value Fund, International Large/Mid Cap Value Fund, Currency Hedged International Equity Fund, Flexible Equities Fund, Taiwan Fund, and Short-Duration Collateral Fund), with respect to not more than 25% of total assets in the case of each of International Intrinsic Value Fund, International Large/Mid Cap Value Fund and Currency Hedged International Equity Fund, and with respect to 100% of total assets in the case of each of Flexible Equities Fund, Taiwan Fund, and Short-Duration Collateral Fund.

(7) Each Fund may not concentrate more than 25% of the value of its total assets in any one industry, except that Real Estate Fund will invest more than 25% of its assets in real estate-related securities and Resources Fund will invest more than 25% of the value of its assets in the natural resources sector.

For purposes of this Fundamental Restriction (7), the U.S. government and its agencies and instrumentalities are not considered to be an industry.

For purposes of this Fundamental Restriction (7), the Resources Fund considers the “natural resources sector” to include companies in the group of industries that own, produce, refine, process, transport, and market natural resources and companies in the group of industries that provide related equipment, infrastructure and services. The sector includes, for example, the following industries: integrated oil, oil and gas exploration and production, gold and other precious metals, steel and iron ore production, energy services and technology, base metal production, forest products, farming products, paper products, chemicals, building materials, coal, water, alternative energy sources, environmental services, and such other industries as determined by the Manager from time to time.

(8)(a) With respect to each Fund (except Developed World Stock Fund, Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund, Global Asset Allocation Fund, Global Equity Allocation Fund, International Equity Allocation Fund, Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund, World Opportunities Equity

 

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Allocation Fund, U.S. Equity Allocation Fund, Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund, Strategic Fixed Income Fund, International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, Asset Allocation Bond Fund, Asset Allocation International Bond Fund, Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund, Global Focused Equity Fund, Resources Fund, and Risk Premium Fund), the Fund may not purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts, except that the Funds may purchase and sell financial futures contracts and options thereon.

(b) With respect to each of Developed World Stock Fund, Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund, Strategic Fixed Income Fund, Asset Allocation Bond Fund, Asset Allocation International Bond Fund, Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund, Global Focused Equity Fund, and Resources Fund, the Fund may not purchase commodities, except that the Fund may purchase and sell commodity contracts or any type of commodity-related derivative instrument (including, without limitation, all types of commodity-related swaps, futures contracts, forward contracts, and options contracts).

(c) With respect to each of Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund, Global Asset Allocation Fund, Global Equity Allocation Fund, International Equity Allocation Fund, Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund, World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, U.S. Equity Allocation Fund, and International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, the Fund may not purchase commodities or commodities contracts, except that the Fund may purchase and sell financial futures contracts and options thereon and may invest in other registered open-end investment companies that purchase or sell commodities, commodity contracts or any type of commodity-related derivative instrument (including without limitation all types of commodity-related swaps, futures contracts, forward contracts, and option contracts).

(d) With respect to Risk Premium Fund, the Fund may not purchase physical commodities, except that the Fund may purchase and sell commodity contracts or any type of commodity-related derivative instrument (including, without limitation, all types of commodity-related swaps, futures contracts, forward contracts, and options contracts).

For purposes of investment restrictions (8)(a), (b), and (c) above, at the time of the establishment of the restriction, swap contracts on financial instruments or rates were not within the understanding of the term “commodities” or “commodity contracts,” and notwithstanding any federal legislation or regulatory action by the CFTC that subject such swaps to regulation by the CFTC, the Funds will not consider such instruments to be commodities or commodity contracts for purposes of this restriction.

(9) Each Fund may not issue senior securities, as defined in the 1940 Act and as amplified by rules, regulations and pronouncements of the SEC.

The SEC has concluded that even though reverse repurchase agreements, firm commitment agreements, and standby commitment agreements fall within the functional meaning of the term “evidence of indebtedness,” the issue of compliance with Section 18 of the 1940 Act will not be raised with the SEC by the Division of Investment Management if a Fund covers such obligations or maintains liquid assets equal in value to its obligations with respect to these transactions. Similarly, so long as such assets are maintained, the issue of compliance with

 

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Section 18 will not be raised with respect to any of the following: any swap contract or contract for differences; any pledge or encumbrance of assets permitted by Non-Fundamental Restriction (4) below; any borrowing permitted by Fundamental Restriction (1) above; any collateral arrangements with respect to initial and variation margin permitted by Non-Fundamental Restriction (4) below; and the purchase or sale of options, forward contracts, futures contracts or options on futures contracts.

(10) With respect to each of U.S. Core Equity Fund, U.S. Small/Mid Cap Fund, International Core Equity Fund, International Intrinsic Value Fund, International Large/Mid Cap Value Fund, Asset Allocation International Small Companies Fund, International Growth Equity Fund, Foreign Small Companies Fund, International Small Companies Fund, International Equity Allocation Fund, Global Asset Allocation Fund, Global Equity Allocation Fund, Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund, Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund, World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, and International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, the Fund may not cause less than 75% of the value of the Fund’s total assets to be represented by cash and cash items (including receivables), Government securities, securities of other investment companies, and other securities for the purposes of this calculation limited in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any single issuer.

Non-Fundamental Restrictions:

The following are Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions of the Funds, which may be changed by the Trustees without shareholder approval:

(1) With respect to each Fund (except Resources Fund), the Fund may not buy or sell oil, gas, or other mineral leases, rights or royalty contracts, although it may purchase securities of issuers that deal in oil, gas, or other mineral leases, rights or royalty contracts, including securities of royalty trusts, and may purchase securities which are secured by, or otherwise hold or represent interests in, oil, gas, or other mineral leases, rights or royalty contracts.

(2) Each Fund may not make investments for the purpose of gaining control of a company’s management.

(3) Each Fund may not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.

(4) With respect to each Fund (except for Quality Fund, Developed World Stock Fund, Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund, Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund, World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund, Strategic Fixed Income Fund, International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, U.S. Treasury Fund, Asset Allocation Bond Fund, Asset Allocation International Bond Fund, Flexible Equities Fund, Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund, Global Focused Equity Fund, Resources Fund, and Risk Premium Fund), the Fund may not pledge, hypothecate, mortgage, or otherwise encumber its assets in excess of 33 1/3% of the Fund’s total assets (taken at cost). (For the purposes of this restriction, collateral arrangements with respect to swap agreements, the writing of options, stock index, interest rate, currency or other futures, options on futures contracts and collateral arrangements with respect to

 

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initial and variation margin are not deemed to be a pledge or other encumbrance of assets. The deposit of securities or cash or cash equivalents in escrow in connection with the writing of covered call or put options, respectively, is not deemed to be a pledge or encumbrance.)

(5) With respect to each Fund which has adopted a non-fundamental investment policy pursuant to Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act (each, a “Name Policy”), the Fund may not change its Name Policy as set forth under the Fund’s “Principal investment strategies” in the Fund’s Prospectus without providing the Fund’s shareholders with a notice meeting the requirement of Rule 35d-1(c) at least 60 days prior to such change.

For purposes of each Name Policy, each Fund considers the term “invest” to include both direct investing and indirect investing and the term “investments” to include both direct investments and indirect investments (for instance, a Fund may invest indirectly or make indirect investments by investing in another GMO Fund or in derivatives and synthetic instruments with economic characteristics similar to the underlying asset), and a Fund may achieve exposure to a particular investment, industry, country, or geographic region through direct investing or indirect investing and/or direct investments or indirect investments. For Name Policies related to “Equity” Funds, the terms “equity investments” and “equities” refer to direct and indirect investments (described above) in common stocks and other stock-related securities, such as preferred stocks, convertible securities and depositary receipts. These investments also include exchange-traded equity REITs and equity income trusts.

When used in connection with a Fund’s Name Policy, the Manager uses the term “assets” and “tied economically” as defined in the Prospectus.

Except as indicated above in Fundamental Restriction (1), all percentage limitations on investments set forth herein and in a Fund’s Prospectus will apply at the time of the making of an investment and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of such investment.

The phrase “shareholder approval,” as used in the Prospectus and in this SAI, and the phrases “vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities” and “the approval of shareholders,” as used herein with respect to a Fund, mean the affirmative vote of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of that Fund, or (2) 67% or more of the shares of that Fund present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy. Except for policies and restrictions that are explicitly described as fundamental in the Prospectus or this SAI, the investment policies and restrictions of each Fund may be changed by the Trust’s Trustees without the approval of shareholders of that Fund. Policies and restrictions of a Fund that are explicitly described as fundamental in the Fund’s Prospectus or this SAI cannot be changed without the approval of shareholders of that Fund.

 

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In addition to the Name Policies referenced in Non-Fundamental Restriction (5) above, each of the following Funds has also agreed as follows:

 

  1) Foreign Small Companies Fund: Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in each of (i) investments tied economically to countries outside the United States and (ii) investments in “small companies.”

 

  2) Emerging Country Debt Fund: Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in each of (i) investments tied economically to emerging countries and (ii) debt investments.

 

  3) Domestic Bond Fund: Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in each of (i) bond investments and (ii) investments tied economically to the United States.

When used in connection with a Fund’s Name Policy, the Manager uses the terms “invest,” “investments,” “assets,” “tied economically” and “related” as defined in the Fund’s Prospectus.

With respect to each International Equity Fund and Global Equity Fund that has the term “international,” “global,” or “world” included in the Fund’s name, the Fund typically will invest in investments that are tied economically to a number of countries throughout the world.

With respect to each Fixed Income Fund that has the term “international” or “global” included in the Fund’s name, the Fund typically will have exposure to a number of countries throughout the world, including exposure to the interest rate and currency markets of those countries through the use of futures contracts, swap contracts, currency forwards, and other types of derivatives.

With respect to each Asset Allocation Fund that has the term “international,” “global,” or “world” included in the Fund’s name, the Fund typically will invest, through its investments in the underlying Funds, in investments that are tied economically to a number of countries throughout the world.

INVESTMENT GUIDELINES

The Manager has adopted the following investment guidelines for the Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund (the “Fund”). These guidelines are subject to change at the discretion of the Manager and without notice to shareholders of the Fund. These guidelines are not Fund policies or investment restrictions and investments inconsistent with these guidelines are not violations of any Fund policy or investment restriction. The Manager seeks to observe these guidelines only during periods when the Manager determines that normal market conditions exist. The Manager tests all percentage limitations set forth in these guidelines at the time of the making of an investment and an investment is not considered by the Manager to be inconsistent with these guidelines unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of such investment.

(1) The Fund will not purchase securities on margin, except such short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities. (For this purpose, the deposit or payment of initial or variation margin in connection with futures contracts or related options transactions is not considered the purchase of a security on margin.)

 

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(2) The Fund will not make short sales of securities or maintain a short position for the Fund’s account unless at all times when a short position is open the Fund owns an equal amount of such securities or owns securities which are convertible into or exchangeable for securities of the same issue as, and equal in amount to, the securities sold short.

This guideline does not prohibit the payment of an amount to exercise the right to acquire the identical securities, provided that the Fund maintains segregated liquid assets in an amount sufficient to exercise such right.

(3) The Fund will not purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts, except that the Fund may purchase and sell financial futures contracts and options thereon.

For purposes of this guideline, swap contracts on financial instruments or rates are not considered to be commodities or commodity contracts.

(4) The Fund will not invest more than the 30% of its net assets in securities classified as being in any one country. Country classification will be based on generally accepted industry standards including, but not limited to, the issuer’s country of incorporation, primary listing, domicile and/or other factors the Manager believes to be relevant.

(5) The Fund typically will not invest more than 7% of its net assets in the securities of any one company.

(6) Excluding investments made for the purpose of equitizing cash (e.g., exchange-traded funds) or serving as cash substitutes (e.g., money market funds and GMO U.S. Treasury Fund), the Fund will not invest more than 10% of its net assets in pooled investment vehicles.

(7) The Fund will not invest more than the 20% of its net assets in securities classified as being in frontier market countries. Country classification will be based on generally accepted industry standards including, but not limited to, the issuer’s country of incorporation, primary listing, domicile and/or other factors the Manager believes to be relevant.

For purposes of this guideline, frontier market countries are countries that are not included in the MSCI All Country World Index.

(8) Except for limited periods surrounding inflows and outflows, the Fund will not hold more than 10% of its net assets in cash, cash equivalents or cash substitutes (e.g., shares of money market funds or shares of U.S. Treasury Fund).

(9) The Fund will not invest more than 25% of its net assets in any one industry.

(10) The Fund will typically invest in at least fifty (50) different issuers.

 

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DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

The net asset value (or “NAV”) of a Fund or each class of shares of a Fund, as applicable, is determined as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), generally at 4:00 p.m. Boston time. The NAV per share of a class of shares of a Fund is determined by dividing the total value of the Fund’s portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, allocated to that share class by the total number of outstanding shares of that class. For Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund, NAV is calculated based on the NAV of Short-Duration Collateral Fund. NAV is not determined on any days when the NYSE is closed for business. In addition, NAV for the Fixed Income Funds is not determined (and accordingly transactions in shares of the Fixed Income Funds are not processed) on days when the U.S. bond markets are closed. For these purposes, the U.S. bond markets are deemed to be closed on the dates that the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association recommends a full close for the trading of U.S. dollar-denominated fixed income securities in the United States.

A Fund also may elect not to determine NAV on days during which no share is tendered for redemption and no order to purchase or sell a share is received by that Fund. Taiwan Fund does not determine NAV on days when the NYSE or the Taiwan Stock Exchange (“TSE”) is closed for trading. As a result, from time to time, Taiwan Fund may not determine NAV for several consecutive weekdays (e.g., during the Chinese Lunar New Year), during which time investors will be unable to redeem their shares in Taiwan Fund. Please refer to “Determination of Net Asset Value” in each Prospectus for additional information. In addition, to the extent a Fund holds portfolio securities listed on non-U.S. exchanges that trade on days on which the NYSE or the U.S. bond markets are closed, the net asset value of those Funds’ shares may change significantly on days when shares cannot be redeemed.

Although the Manager normally does not evaluate pricing sources on a day-to-day basis, it does evaluate pricing sources on an ongoing basis and may change a pricing source at any time. The Manager monitors erratic or unusual movements (including unusual inactivity) in the prices supplied for a security and has discretion to override a price supplied by a source (e.g., by taking a price supplied by another) when it believes that the price supplied is not reliable. Although alternative pricing sources may be available for securities held by a Fund, those alternative sources are not typically part of the valuation process and do not necessarily provide greater certainty about the prices used by the Fund.

DISTRIBUTIONS

Each Prospectus describes the distribution policies of each Fund under the heading “Distribution and Taxes.” Each Fund generally maintains a policy to pay its shareholders, as dividends, substantially all net investment income, if any, and all net realized capital gains, if any, after offsetting any available capital loss carryforwards. Each Fund generally maintains a policy to make distributions at least annually, sufficient to avoid the imposition of a nondeductible 4% excise tax on certain undistributed amounts of ordinary income and net realized capital gain. Each Fund, from time to time and at the Fund’s discretion, also may make unscheduled distributions of net investment income, short-term capital gains, and/or long-term capital gains prior to large redemptions by shareholders from the Fund or as otherwise deemed appropriate by the Fund. From time to time or as otherwise provided in the Funds’ Prospectus, distributions by a Fund could constitute, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a return of capital to shareholders (see discussion in “Taxes” below).

 

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TAXES

Tax Status and Taxation of Each Fund

Each Fund is treated as a separate taxable entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Each Fund intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (previously defined above as the “Code”). In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded RICs and their shareholders, each Fund must, among other things:

 

(a) derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from (i) dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities, or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities, or currencies and (ii) net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (as defined below);

 

(b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the Fund’s total assets consists of cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is invested in the securities (other than those of the U.S. government or RICs) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); and

 

(c) distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code without regard to the deduction for dividends paid – generally, taxable ordinary income and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and any net tax-exempt interest income for such year.

In general, for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in paragraph (a) above, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized directly by the RIC. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (defined generally as a partnership (i) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, (ii) that derives at least 90% of its income from passive income sources defined in Section 7704(d) of the Code, and (iii) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in paragraph (a)(i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. In addition, although in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to an interest in a

 

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qualified publicly traded partnership. Further, for the purposes of the diversification test in paragraph (b) above: (i) the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership, and (ii) identification of the issuer (or, in some cases, issuers) of a particular Fund investment can depend on the terms and conditions of that investment. In some cases, identification of the issuer (or issuers) is uncertain under current law, and an adverse determination or future guidance by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) with respect to issuer identification for a particular type of investment may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to meet the diversification test in (b) above.

If a Fund qualifies as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income distributed in a timely manner to its shareholders in the form of dividends (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below).

As described above, each Fund intends generally to distribute at least annually to its shareholders substantially all of its net investment income (including any net tax-exempt interest income), if any, and all of its net realized capital gains (including both net short-term and long-term capital gains), if any. Any net taxable investment income or net short-term capital gains (as reduced by any net long-term capital losses) retained by a Fund will be subject to tax at the Fund level at regular corporate rates. Although each Fund intends generally to distribute all of its net capital gain (i.e., the excess of any net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) each year, each Fund reserves the right to retain for investment all or a portion of its net capital gain. If a Fund retains any net capital gain, it will be subject to tax at the Fund level at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. In that case, a Fund is permitted to designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a timely notice to its shareholders, who would then, in turn, be (i) required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, and (ii) entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds on a properly filed U.S. tax return to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. If a Fund properly makes this designation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund would be increased by an amount equal under current law to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s gross income under clause (i) of the preceding sentence and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence. A Fund is not required to, and there can be no assurance that a Fund will, make this designation if it retains all or a portion of its net capital gain in a taxable year.

In determining its net capital gain, including in connection with determining the amount available to support a Capital Gain Dividend (as defined below), its taxable income, and its earnings and profits, a Fund generally may elect to treat part or all of any post-October capital loss (defined as the greatest of net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss, in each case attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31) or late-year ordinary loss (generally, (i) net ordinary loss from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31, plus (ii) other net ordinary loss attributable to the portion of the taxable year after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.

 

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If a Fund were to fail to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount generally equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such calendar year and 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending October 31 within that year, plus any such retained amounts from the prior year, such Fund would be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. Each Fund intends generally to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax, although each Fund reserves the right to pay an excise tax rather than make an additional distribution when circumstances warrant (e.g., the payment of the excise tax amount is deemed by the Fund to be de minimis).

Realized capital losses in excess of realized capital gains (“Net Capital Losses”) are not permitted to be deducted against net investment income. Instead, potentially subject to the limitations described below, a Fund will carry Net Capital Losses forward from any taxable year to subsequent taxable years to offset capital gains, if any, realized during such subsequent taxable years. Distributions from capital gains are generally made after applying any available capital loss carryforwards. Capital loss carryforwards are reduced to the extent they offset current-year net realized capital gains, whether a Fund retains or distributes such gains.

If a Fund incurs or has incurred Net Capital Losses in taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010 (“post-2010 losses”), those losses will be carried forward to one or more subsequent taxable years without expiration; any such carryforward losses will generally retain their character as short-term or long-term. If a Fund has incurred Net Capital Losses in a taxable year beginning on or before December 22, 2010 (“pre-2011 losses”), that Fund is permitted to carry such losses forward for eight taxable years; in the year to which they are carried forward, such losses are treated as short-term capital losses that first offset any short-term capital gains, and then offset any long-term capital gains. A Fund must use any post-2010 losses, which will not expire, applying them first against gains of the same character, before it uses any pre-2011 losses. This increases the likelihood that pre-2011 losses will expire unused at the conclusion of the eight-year carryforward period. See each Fund’s most recent annual shareholder report, as available, for more information concerning the Fund’s Net Capital Losses available to be carried forward (if any) as of the end of its most recently ended fiscal year.

In addition, a Fund’s ability to use Net Capital Losses may be limited following the occurrence of certain (i) acquisitive reorganizations and (ii) shifts in the ownership of the Fund by a shareholder owning or treated as owning 5% or more of the shares of the Fund (each, an “ownership change”). The Code may similarly limit a Fund’s ability to use any of its other capital losses, or ordinary losses, that have accrued but have not been recognized (i.e., “built-in” losses) at the time of an ownership change to the extent they are realized within the five-year period following the ownership change.

Transactions in Fund Shares

The sale, exchange, or redemption of Fund shares may give rise to a taxable gain or loss, generally equal to the difference between the amount realized by a shareholder on the disposition of the shares (that is, gross proceeds) and the shareholder’s adjusted basis in those shares. Under rules effective January 1, 2012, to the extent a shareholder’s account is subject to U.S. federal tax reporting (including an account for which a shareholder has informed the Funds that it would like to receive “informational only” U.S. federal tax reporting), the Funds generally will provide

 

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cost-basis information (on an IRS Form 1099-B) to the IRS and to the shareholder with respect to Fund shares acquired on or after January 1, 2012 and held in such accounts (“post-2011 shares”), when such shares are subsequently redeemed or exchanged. Under the rules, the Funds are required to use the particular cost-basis reporting method (e.g., average cost basis, first in-first out, specific share identification) selected by the shareholder in reporting such adjusted basis information, and if a shareholder fails to select a particular method, use the Funds’ default method. This reporting is generally not required for Fund shares held in a retirement or other tax-advantaged account, unless a shareholder has opted for “informational only” reporting as described above. Shareholders should contact the Funds for more information about how to select a particular cost basis accounting method in respect of any post-2011 shares, as well as for information about the Funds’ particular default method.

Shareholders also should consult their tax advisors concerning the application of these rules to their investment in a Fund, and for advice about selecting a cost basis accounting method suitable for them in light of their particular circumstances. Shares of a Fund acquired prior to January 1, 2012 generally are not subject to these rules, and shareholders are responsible for keeping track of their own basis in these shares.

If a shareholder has purchased shares of a Fund through an intermediary, in general, the intermediary and not the Fund will be responsible for providing the cost basis and related reporting described above to the shareholder, including pursuant to the intermediary’s available cost basis accounting methods. Thus, shareholders purchasing shares through an intermediary should contact the intermediary for more information about how to select a particular cost basis accounting method in respect of any post-2011 shares, as well as for information about the intermediary’s particular default method.

In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares will be treated as long-term capital gain if the shares have been held for more than one year and as short-term capital gain if the shares have been held for not more than one year. However, in the event that a Fund were to be deemed a “nonpublicly offered RIC” as described under “Limitation on Deductibility of Fund Expenses” below, depending on a shareholder’s percentage ownership in that Fund, a partial redemption of Fund shares could cause the shareholder to be treated as receiving a dividend, taxable under the rules applicable to dividends and distributions described below, rather than capital gain income received in exchange for Fund shares. In this case, a shareholder would generally not be able to recognize any losses on the redeemed Fund shares. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers regarding the proper tax treatment of their redemptions from a Fund.

Any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares held by a shareholder for six months or less generally will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of any Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below, received or deemed received by a shareholder with respect to those shares. Further, all or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be disallowed under the Code’s “wash-sale” rules if other shares of the same Fund are purchased, including by means of dividend reinvestment, within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.

 

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Taxation of Fund Distributions

Fund distributions are taxable to shareholders under the rules described below whether received in cash or reinvested in additional Fund shares.

Dividends and distributions on each Fund’s shares are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax as described below to the extent they do not exceed the Fund’s realized income and gains, even though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder’s investment. Such dividends and distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when the Fund’s net asset value reflects unrealized gains, or realized but undistributed income or gains, that were therefore included in the price the shareholder paid for its shares. Such distributions may reduce the net asset value of the Fund’s shares below the shareholder’s cost basis in those shares. Such realized income and gains may be required to be distributed even when the Fund’s net asset value also reflects unrealized losses.

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income made by a Fund are generally taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long a Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder may have owned shares in the Fund. In general, the Fund will recognize long-term capital gain or loss on investments it has owned for more than one year, and short-term capital gain or loss on investments it has owned for one year or less. Tax rules can alter a Fund’s holding period in investments and thereby affect the tax treatment of gain or loss on such investments. Distributions of net capital gains (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss, in each case determined with reference to loss carryforwards) that are properly reported by a Fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) generally are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains. Distributions attributable to net short-term capital gain (as reduced by any net long-term capital loss for the taxable year, in each case determined with reference to loss carryforwards) generally are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.

Distributions of investment income properly reported by a Fund as derived from “qualified dividend income” will be taxable to shareholders taxed as individuals at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and Fund levels.

In order for some portion of the dividends received by a Fund shareholder to be qualified dividend income, a Fund must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to some portion of the dividend-paying stocks in its portfolio and the shareholder must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the Fund’s shares. A dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income (at either the Fund or shareholder level) (i) if the dividend is received with respect to any share of stock held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date), (ii) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, (iii) if the recipient elects to have the

 

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dividend income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest, or (iv) if the dividend is received from a foreign corporation that is (A) not eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with the exception of dividends paid on stock of such a foreign corporation readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States) or (B) treated as a “passive foreign investment company” (as defined below).

In general, distributions of investment income reported by a Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be treated as qualified dividend income in the hands of a shareholder taxed as an individual, provided the shareholder meets the holding period and other requirements described above with respect to the Fund’s shares. If the above-described holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and Fund level, qualified dividend income will be taxed in the hands of individuals at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain. If the aggregate qualified dividend income received by a Fund during any taxable year is 95% or more of its “gross income,” then 100% of the Fund’s dividends (other than Capital Gain Dividends) will be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income. For this purpose, the only gain included in the term “gross income” is the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss.

For information regarding qualified dividend income received by a Fund from certain underlying Funds, see “Special Tax Considerations Pertaining to a Fund’s Investment in Underlying Funds” below.

For corporate shareholders (other than S corporations), the 70% dividends-received deduction will generally apply (subject to holding period and other requirements imposed by the Code) to a Fund’s dividends paid from investment income to the extent derived from dividends received from U.S. corporations for the taxable year. A dividend received by a Fund from a U.S. corporation will not be treated as a dividend eligible for the dividends-received deduction (1) if it has been received with respect to any share of stock that the Fund has held for less than 46 days (91 days in the case of certain preferred stock) during the 91-day period beginning on the date which is 45 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date in the case of certain preferred stock) or (2) to the extent that the Fund is under an obligation (pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. Moreover, the dividends received deduction may otherwise be disallowed or reduced (1) if the corporate shareholder fails to satisfy the foregoing requirements with respect to its shares of the Fund or (2) by application of various provisions of the Code (for instance, the dividends-received deduction is reduced in the case of a dividend received on debt-financed portfolio stock (generally, stock acquired with borrowed funds)). For information regarding eligibility for the dividends-received deduction of dividends received by a Fund from certain underlying Funds, see “Special Tax Considerations Pertaining to a Fund’s Investment in Underlying Funds” below.

A portion of the original issue discount (“OID”) accrued on certain high yield discount obligations may not be deductible to the issuer as interest and will instead be treated as a dividend for purposes of the corporate dividends-received deduction. In such cases, if the issuer of the high yield discount obligations is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by the Fund

 

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may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction to the extent attributable to the deemed dividend portion of such OID. See “Tax Implications of Certain Investments” below for more discussion of OID.

To the extent that a Fund makes a distribution of income that is attributable to (i) income received by the Fund in lieu of dividends with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction or (ii) dividend income received by the Fund on securities it temporarily purchased from a counterparty pursuant to a repurchase agreement treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a loan, such distribution will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.

For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2013, Section 1411 of the Code generally imposes a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on the net investment income of certain individuals whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts, and of certain trusts and estates under similar rules. The details of the implementation of this tax, and of the calculation of net investment income, among other issues, remain subject to future guidance. For these purposes, “net investment income” generally includes, among other things, (i) distributions paid by a Fund of ordinary dividends and capital gain dividends as described above, and (ii) any net gain from the sale, redemption or exchange of Fund shares. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of this additional tax on their investment in a Fund.

A Fund may make a distribution to its shareholders in excess of its “earnings and profits” in any taxable year (a “Return of Capital Distribution”), in which case the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of each shareholder’s tax basis in its shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable to the extent such an amount does not exceed a shareholder’s tax basis. Return of Capital Distributions reduce a shareholder’s tax basis in its shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by such shareholder of the shares.

A Fund may make distributions of capital gains in excess of its net capital gain for the taxable year (as reduced by any available capital loss carryforwards from prior taxable years). In this case, there is a possibility that the distributions will be taxable as ordinary dividend distributions, even though the distributed excess amounts would not have been subject to tax if retained by the Fund.

A distribution paid to shareholders by a Fund in January of a year generally is deemed to have been received by shareholders on December 31 of the preceding year, if the distribution was declared and payable to shareholders of record on a date in October, November, or December of that preceding year.

Early each calendar year, the Trust will provide U.S. federal tax information, including information about the character and amount of dividends and distributions paid during the preceding year, to taxable investors and others requesting such information (generally on an IRS Form 1099). In certain cases, a Fund may be required to amend tax information reported to shareholders in respect of a particular year. In this event, shareholders may be required to file

 

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amended U.S. federal income or other tax returns in respect of such amended information and pay additional taxes (including potentially interest and penalties), and may incur other related costs. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers in this regard.

Limitation on Deductibility of Fund Expenses

Very generally, pursuant to Treasury regulations, expenses of “nonpublicly offered RICs,” except those expenses specific to their status as a RIC or separate entity (e.g., registration fees or transfer agency fees), are subject to special pass-through rules. A RIC is “nonpublicly offered” if it has fewer than 500 shareholders at all times during a taxable year, and its shares are not continuously offered pursuant to a public offering. In the event that a Fund were deemed to be a nonpublicly offered RIC, the affected expenses (which include Management Fees) would be treated as additional dividends to certain Fund shareholders (generally including individuals and entities that compute their taxable income in the same manner as individuals) and would be deductible by those shareholders, subject to the 2% floor on miscellaneous itemized deductions and other significant limitations on itemized deductions set forth in the Code.

Backup Withholding

Each Fund (or in the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary) generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any individual shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Fund (or the intermediary) with a correct taxpayer identification number, who has under-reported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify that he or she is not subject to such withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is 28%. Any tax withheld as a result of backup withholding does not constitute an additional tax imposed on the record owner of the account, and may be claimed as a credit on the record owner’s U.S. federal income tax return, provided the appropriate information is furnished to the IRS.

Distributions to Foreign Investors

In general, absent a specific statutory exemption, a Fund’s ordinary dividends are subject to a U.S. withholding tax of 30% when paid to a shareholder that is not a “U.S. person” within the meaning of the Code (a “foreign shareholder”). To the extent withholding is made on an ordinary dividend paid to a foreign shareholder, persons who are resident in a country that has an income tax treaty with the United States may be eligible for a reduced withholding rate (upon filing of appropriate forms), and are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the applicability and effect of such a treaty.

A Fund’s Capital Gain Dividends and Return of Capital Distributions are generally not subject to withholding when paid to a foreign shareholder, as described more fully below.

In addition, for taxable years of a Fund beginning before January 1, 2014 (each a “pre-2014 taxable year”), a Fund is not required to withhold any amounts (i) with respect to distributions (other than distributions to a foreign shareholder (A) that has not provided a satisfactory statement that the beneficial owner is not a U.S. person, (B) to the extent that the dividend is attributable to certain interest on an obligation if the foreign shareholder is the issuer or is a 10%

 

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shareholder of the issuer, (C) that is within certain foreign countries that have inadequate information exchange with the United States, or (D) to the extent the dividend is attributable to interest paid by a person that is a related person of the foreign shareholder and the foreign shareholder is a controlled foreign corporation) from U.S.-source interest income of types similar to those not subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by an individual foreign shareholder, to the extent such distributions are properly reported as such by the Fund (“interest-related dividends”), and (ii) with respect to distributions (other than (A) distributions to an individual foreign shareholder who is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the distribution and (B) distributions subject to special rules regarding the disposition of “U.S. real property interests” (“USRPIs”) as described below) of net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses, to the extent such distributions are properly reported as such by the Fund (“short-term capital gain dividends”). Short-term capital gain does not include gain from the sale of master limited partnerships to the extent such gain is characterized as ordinary income under the Code’s recapture provisions. A Fund is permitted to report such parts of its dividends paid in respect of a pre-2014 taxable year as interest-related and/or short-term capital gain dividends as are eligible, but is not required to do so.

Additionally, if a Fund invests in an underlying Fund or another investment company registered under the 1940 Act, including an ETF, treated as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes (“Underlying RIC”) that reports and pays such short-term capital gain or interest-related dividends to its shareholders in respect of a taxable year of the Underlying RIC beginning before January 1, 2014, such distributions generally remain not subject to withholding if properly reported as such in respect of distributions paid by the Fund to its shareholders for a pre-2014 taxable year of the Fund. Similarly, if a Fund invests in an underlying Fund that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, then to the extent that the underlying Fund allocates to the Fund income that would have given rise to interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends if earned directly by the Fund, the Fund generally is permitted to report any dividends attributable to such income in respect of a pre-2014 taxable year as interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends, as applicable.

The exemption from withholding for interest-related and short-term capital gain dividends will expire for distributions with respect to taxable years of a Fund beginning on or after January 1, 2014, unless Congress enacts legislation providing otherwise.

In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if a Fund properly reports the payment as an interest-related or short-term capital gain dividend to shareholders in respect of a pre-2014 taxable year. Foreign shareholders should contact their intermediaries regarding the application of these rules to their accounts.

In certain circumstances, a foreign shareholder may be required to file appropriate U.S. federal tax forms in order to receive the benefit of these exemptions.

Under U.S. federal tax law, a foreign shareholder is not, in general, subject to U.S. federal income tax on gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the sale of shares of a Fund or on Capital Gain Dividends unless (i) such gain or Capital Gain Dividend is effectively connected with the conduct by the foreign shareholder of a trade or business within the United States,

 

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(ii) in the case of a foreign shareholder that is an individual, the shareholder is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the sale or the receipt of the Capital Gain Dividend and certain other conditions are met, or (iii) the special rules relating to gain attributable to the sale or exchange of USRPIs apply to the foreign shareholder’s sale of shares of a Fund or to the Capital Gain Dividend received (as described below).

Also, foreign shareholders with respect to whom income from a Fund is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business carried on by such shareholder will in general be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the income derived from the Fund at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens, residents, or domestic corporations, whether such income is received in cash or reinvested in shares, and, in the case of a foreign corporation, also may be subject to a branch profits tax. If a foreign shareholder is eligible for the benefits of a tax treaty, any effectively connected income or gain will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis only if it is also attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the shareholder in the United States. Again, foreign shareholders who are residents in a country with an income tax treaty with the United States may obtain different tax results, and are urged to consult their tax advisors.

Special withholding and other rules apply to distributions to foreign shareholders from a Fund that is either a “U.S. real property holding corporation” (“USRPHC”) or would be a USRPHC but for the operation of the exceptions to the definition thereof described below. Additionally, special withholding and other rules apply to the redemption of shares in a Fund that is a USRPHC or former USRPHC. Very generally, a USRPHC is a domestic corporation that holds USRPIs – USRPIs are defined as any interest in U.S. real property or any equity interest in a USRPHC or former USRPHC – the fair market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market values of the corporation’s USRPIs, interests in real property located outside the United States, and other assets. A Fund that holds (directly or indirectly) significant interests in real estate investment trusts (as defined in Section 856 of the Code) qualifying for the special tax treatment under Subchapter M of the Code (“U.S. REITs”) may be a USRPHC. The special rules discussed in the next paragraph also apply to distributions from a Fund that would be a USRPHC absent exclusions from USRPI treatment for interests in domestically controlled U.S. REITs (or, prior to January 1, 2014, RICs) and not-greater-than-5% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in U.S. REITs or RICs.

To the extent a Fund is a USRPHC or would be a USRPHC but for the exceptions from the definition of USRPI (described above), under a special “look-through” rule, any dividend distributions by the Fund and certain distributions made by the Fund in redemption of its shares that are attributable to (a) gains realized on the disposition of USRPIs by the Fund and (b) distributions received by the Fund from a lower-tier RIC or REIT that the Fund is required to treat as USRPI gain in its hands will retain their character as gains realized from USRPIs in the hands of the Fund’s foreign shareholders. On and after January 1, 2014, the special “look-through” rule for distributions by a Fund described above applies only to those distributions that, in turn, are attributable directly or indirectly to distributions received by a Fund from a lower-tier REIT, unless Congress enacts legislation providing otherwise. If a foreign shareholder holds (or has held in the prior year) more than a 5% interest in any class of such a Fund, such distributions generally will be treated as gains “effectively connected” with the conduct of a “U.S. trade or business,” and subject to tax at graduated rates. Moreover, such shareholders generally will be

 

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required to file a U.S. income tax return for the year in which the gain was recognized and the Fund generally will be required to withhold 35% of the amount of such distribution. In the case of all other foreign shareholders (i.e., those whose interest in the Fund did not exceed 5% in any class of the Fund at any time during the prior year), the USRPI distribution generally will be treated as ordinary income (regardless of any reporting by the Fund that such distribution is a short-term capital gain dividend or a Capital Gain Dividend), and the Fund generally must withhold 30% (or a lower applicable treaty rate) of the amount of the distribution paid to such foreign shareholder.

Foreign shareholders of a Fund also may be subject to certain “wash sale” rules to prevent the avoidance of the tax filing and payment obligations discussed above through the sale and repurchase of Fund shares.

In addition, a Fund that is a USRPHC or former USRPHC must typically withhold 10% of the amount realized in a redemption by a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder, and that shareholder typically must file a U.S. income tax return for the year of the disposition of Fund shares and pay any additional tax due on the sale. A similar withholding obligation may apply to Return of Capital Distributions by a Fund that is a USRPHC or former USRPHC to a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder, even if all or a portion of such distribution would be treated as a return of capital to the foreign shareholder. Prior to January 1, 2014, such withholding on these redemptions and distributions generally is not required if the Fund is a domestically controlled USRPHC or, in certain limited cases, if the Fund (whether or not domestically controlled) holds substantial investments in Underlying RICs that are domestically controlled USRPHCs. These exemptions from withholding will expire for redemptions or distributions made on or after January 1, 2014, unless Congress enacts legislation providing otherwise. If no such legislation is enacted, beginning on January 1, 2014, such withholding will be required, without regard to whether a Fund or any Underlying RIC in which it invests is domestically controlled.

Foreign shareholders should consult their tax advisors (and if holding shares through an intermediary, their intermediary) concerning the application of these rules to their investment in a Fund.

In order to qualify for any exemptions from withholding described above or for lower withholding tax rates under income tax treaties, or to establish an exemption from backup withholding, a foreign shareholder must comply with special certification and filing requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, for example, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN). Foreign shareholders in a Fund should consult their tax advisors and, if holding shares through intermediaries, their intermediaries, in this regard.

Special rules (including withholding and reporting requirements) apply to foreign partnerships and those holding Fund shares through foreign partnerships. Also, additional considerations may apply to foreign trusts and estates. Investors holding Fund shares through foreign entities should consult their tax advisors about their particular situation.

A foreign shareholder may be subject to state and local taxes and to the U.S. federal estate tax in addition to the U.S. federal income tax referred to above.

 

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See also “Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements” below for information regarding the potential application of an additional withholding regime.

Foreign Taxes

A Fund’s foreign investments may be subject to foreign withholding and other taxes on dividends, interest, or capital gains, which will decrease a Fund’s yield. A Fund may otherwise be subject to foreign taxation on repatriation proceeds generated from those investments or to other transaction-based foreign taxes on those investments, including potentially on a retroactive basis, which can also decrease the Fund’s yield. Such foreign withholding taxes and other taxes may be reduced or eliminated under income tax treaties between the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions. In some cases, a Fund may seek to collect a refund in respect of taxes paid to a foreign jurisdiction (see “Descriptions and Risks of Fund Investments – Risks of Non-U.S. Investments” above for more information). The foreign withholding and other tax rates applicable to a Fund’s investments in certain foreign jurisdictions may be higher, in certain circumstances, for instance, if a Fund has a significant number of foreign shareholders or if a Fund or underlying Fund invests through a subsidiary.

If, at the end of a Fund’s taxable year, more than 50% of the value of the total assets of the Fund is represented by direct investments in stock or other securities of foreign corporations, the Fund may make an election that allows shareholders to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction (but not both) on their U.S. income tax return in respect of foreign taxes paid by or withheld from the Fund on its foreign portfolio investments. Only foreign taxes that meet certain qualifications are eligible for this pass-through treatment. If a Fund is eligible for and makes such an election, its shareholders generally will include in gross income from foreign sources their pro rata shares of such taxes paid by the Fund. A shareholder’s ability to claim an offsetting foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of these taxes is subject to limitations imposed by the Code, which may result in the shareholder’s not receiving a full credit or deduction (if any) for the amount of such taxes. Shareholders who do not itemize deductions on their U.S. federal income tax returns may claim a credit (but not a deduction) for such foreign taxes. Certain of the International Equity Funds and Global Equity Funds are eligible for and expect to make this election. However, even if a Fund is eligible to make this election, it may determine not to do so in its sole discretion, in which case any such qualified foreign taxes paid by the Fund cannot be given this special “pass-through” treatment by the Fund or its shareholders. Investors should consult their tax advisors for further information relating to the foreign tax credit and deduction. Shareholders that are not subject to U.S. federal income tax, and those who invest in a Fund through tax-advantaged accounts (including those who invest through individual retirement accounts or other tax-advantaged retirement plans), generally will receive no benefit from any tax credit or deduction passed through by a Fund.

In some cases, a Fund also may be eligible to pass through to its shareholders the foreign taxes paid by Underlying RICs in which it invests that themselves elected to pass through such taxes to their shareholders. Each eligible Asset Allocation Fund and Currency Hedged International Equity Fund, if eligible, expects to make this election for any taxable year in which it directly or indirectly (through one or more Underlying RICs making this election) pays qualifying foreign taxes as described above. However, even if a Fund is eligible to make such an election for a given year, it may determine not to do so. See “Special Tax Considerations Pertaining to a Fund’s Investment in Underlying Funds” for more information.

 

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Withholding taxes that are accrued on dividends in respect of (i) securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction during the period that any such security was not directly held by a Fund or (ii) securities the Fund temporarily purchased from a counterparty pursuant to a repurchase agreement that is treated as a loan for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally will not qualify as a foreign tax paid by the Fund, in which case, they could not be passed through to shareholders even if the Fund meets the other requirements described above.

Shareholder Reporting Obligations With Respect to Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts

Shareholders that are U.S. persons and own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of a Fund could be required to report annually their “financial interest” in the Fund’s “foreign financial accounts,” if any, on Treasury Department Form TD F 90-22.1, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR). Shareholders should consult their intermediaries through which a Fund investment is made (if applicable), as well as a tax advisor, regarding the applicability to them of this reporting requirement.

Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements

The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”) generally requires a Fund to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders under FATCA as described more fully below. If a shareholder fails to provide this information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA, a Fund may be required to withhold under FATCA at a rate of 30% with respect to that shareholder, depending on the type of payment and shareholder account, beginning as early as January 1, 2014, on dividends, including Capital Gain Dividends, and the proceeds of the sale, redemption or exchange of Fund shares. If a payment by a Fund is subject to FATCA withholding, the Fund or its agent is required to withhold even if such payment would otherwise be exempt from withholding under the rules applicable to foreign shareholders described above (e.g., Capital Gain Dividends and short-term capital gain and interest-related dividends).

Payments to a shareholder will generally not be subject to FATCA withholding, provided the shareholder provides a Fund with such certifications, waivers or other documentation or information as the Fund requires, including, to the extent required, with regard to such shareholder’s direct and indirect owners, to establish the shareholder’s FATCA status and otherwise to comply with these rules. In order to avoid withholding, a shareholder that is a “foreign financial institution” (“FFI”) must either (i) become a “participating FFI” by entering into a valid U.S. tax compliance agreement with the IRS, (ii) qualify for an exception from the requirement to enter into such an agreement, for example by becoming a “deemed compliant FFI,” or (iii) be covered by an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the United States and a non-U.S. government to implement FATCA. In any of these cases, the investing FFI generally will be required to provide a Fund with appropriate identifiers, certifications or documentation concerning its status.

A Fund will disclose the information that it receives from (or concerning) its shareholders to the IRS, non-U.S. taxing authorities or other parties as necessary to comply with FATCA, related intergovernmental agreements or other applicable law or regulation.

 

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Each prospective investor is urged to consult its tax adviser regarding the applicability of FATCA and any other reporting requirements with respect to the prospective investor’s own situation, including investments through an intermediary.

The Funds and their shareholders may be subject to certain other tax reporting requirements as a result of the investment strategies and activities of the Funds. Certain U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax reporting requirements may require a Fund to provide certain information about its shareholders to the IRS or other similar authorities responsible for tax matters in other jurisdictions (e.g., foreign countries).

Tax Implications of Certain Investments

A Fund’s transactions in derivative instruments (e.g., swap agreements, options, futures or forward contracts), as well as any of its other hedging, short sales, or similar transactions, may be subject to one or more special tax rules (e.g., notional principal contract, straddle, constructive sale, wash-sale, and short-sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains and losses recognized by a Fund are treated as ordinary or capital and/or as short-term or long-term, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to a Fund, defer losses, and cause adjustments in the holding periods of a Fund’s investments. The rules could therefore affect the amount, timing, and/or character of distributions to shareholders.

A Fund may make extensive use of various types of derivative financial instruments to the extent consistent with its investment policies and restrictions. The tax rules applicable to swaps and other derivative financial instruments are in some cases uncertain under current law, including under Subchapter M of the Code. Accordingly, while the Funds intend to account for such transactions in a manner they deem to be appropriate, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to one or more of these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may adversely affect a Fund’s ability to meet one or more of the relevant requirements to maintain its qualification as a RIC, as well as to avoid a fund-level tax. See “Loss of RIC Status” below.

Certain investments made and investment practices engaged in by a Fund can produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. These can include, but are not limited to, certain hedging activities, as well as investments in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt, Section 1256 contracts (as defined below), passive foreign investment companies (as defined below), and debt obligations with discount or purchased at a premium. In addition, certain foreign currency transactions associated with the redemption of Fund shares (in the case of a Fund that permits redemptions of Fund shares in foreign currencies) may produce a difference between a Fund’s book income and its taxable income. If a Fund’s book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt interest income (if any), the distribution (if any) of such excess generally will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Fund’s remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt interest income (if any)), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient’s basis in its shares, and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset. If a Fund’s book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the Fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment.

 

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Any transactions by a Fund in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt obligations, or certain foreign currency options, futures contracts, or forward contracts (or similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned and, as described earlier, can give rise to differences between the Fund’s book and taxable income. Such ordinary income treatment may accelerate Fund distributions to shareholders and increase the distributions taxed to shareholders as ordinary income. Any net ordinary losses so created cannot be carried forward by the Fund to offset income or gains earned in subsequent taxable years.

In general, option premiums received by a Fund are not immediately included in the income of the Fund. Instead, the premiums generally are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder, or the Fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a closing transaction). The remainder of this paragraph describes the general tax consequences to a Fund of writing a put or call option that is not subject to one or more of the special rules described in the immediately following paragraphs. If securities or other assets are purchased by a Fund pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the Fund generally will subtract the premium received from its cost basis in the securities or other assets purchased. If a call option written by a Fund is exercised and the Fund sells or delivers the underlying securities or other assets, the Fund generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (i) the sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the Fund minus (ii) the Fund’s basis in the underlying securities or other assets. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying securities or other assets. The gain or loss with respect to any termination of a Fund’s obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option and related purchase, sale, or delivery of the underlying securities or other assets generally will be short-term gain or loss depending on whether the premium income received by the Fund is greater or less than the amount paid by the Fund (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for example, if an option written by a Fund expires unexercised, the Fund generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the premium received.

Certain covered call writing activities and other option strategies of a Fund may trigger the U.S. federal income tax straddle rules of Section 1092 of the Code, requiring the deferral of losses and the termination of holding periods on offsetting positions in options and stocks deemed to constitute substantially similar or related property. Call options on stocks that are not “deep in the money” may qualify as “qualified covered calls,” which generally are not subject to the straddle rules; the holding period on stock underlying qualified covered calls that are “in the money” although not “deep in the money” will be suspended during the period that such calls are outstanding. Thus, the straddle rules and the rules governing qualified covered calls could cause gains that would otherwise constitute long-term capital gains to be treated as short-term capital gains, and distributions that would otherwise constitute qualified dividend income or qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction to fail to satisfy the holding period requirements and therefore to be taxed as ordinary income or to fail to qualify for the dividends-received deduction, as the case may be.

The tax treatment of certain futures contracts entered into by a Fund as well as listed non-equity options written or purchased by a Fund on certain U.S. and non-U.S. exchanges (including options on futures contracts, equity indices, and debt securities) will be governed by Section

 

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1256 of the Code (“Section 1256 contracts”). Gains or losses on Section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses (“60/40”), although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary in character. Also, Section 1256 contracts held by a Fund at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax, on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code) are “marked to market,” with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable.

As a result of the special tax rules described above generally applicable to a Fund’s options transactions, such transactions could cause a substantial portion of a Fund’s income to consist of net short-term capital gains, which, when distributed, are treated as taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. In particular, due to Risk Premium Fund’s primary investment strategy of selling put options on various stock indices, a substantial portion of that Fund’s income could consist of short-term capital gains.

Any investment by a Fund in U.S. REIT equity securities may result in the Fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the U.S. REIT’s earnings; if the Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to Fund shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Investments in U.S. REIT equity securities also may require a Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, a Fund may be required to sell investments (including when it is not advantageous to do so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold. Dividends received by a Fund from a U.S. REIT will not qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction and generally will not constitute qualified dividend income.

Under a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and Treasury regulations that have not yet been issued, but may apply retroactively, a portion of a Fund’s income (including income allocated to the Fund from a U.S. REIT or other pass-through entity) that is attributable to a residual interest in a real estate mortgage investment conduit (“REMIC”) (including by investing in residual interests in CMOs with respect to which an election to be treated as a REMIC is in effect) or an equity interest in a taxable mortgage pool (“TMP”) (referred to in the Code as an “excess inclusion”) will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides and the regulations are expected to provide that excess inclusion income of RICs, such as the Funds, will be allocated to shareholders of RICs in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly. As a result, a Fund investing in any such interests may not be a suitable investment for certain tax-exempt investors, as noted below.

In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan, or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. A shareholder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such inclusions notwithstanding any exemption from such income tax otherwise available under the Code.

 

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Under current law, income of a Fund that would be treated as UBTI if earned directly by a tax-exempt entity generally will not be attributed and taxed as UBTI when distributed to tax-exempt shareholders (that is, the Fund “blocks” this income with respect to such shareholders). Notwithstanding this “blocking” effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in a Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Section 514(b) of the Code. A tax-exempt shareholder also may recognize UBTI if a Fund recognizes excess inclusion income derived from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs as described above, if the amount of such income recognized by the Fund exceeds the Fund’s investment company taxable income (after taking into account deductions for dividends paid by the Fund).

In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts (“CRTs”) that invest in RICs that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Under legislation enacted in December 2006, a CRT (as defined in Section 664 of the Code) that realizes any UBTI for a taxable year must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to such UBTI. Under IRS guidance issued in October 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI as a result of investing in a Fund that recognizes excess inclusion income. Rather, if at any time during any taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United States, a state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, and certain energy cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in a Fund that recognizes excess inclusion income, then the Fund will be subject to a tax on that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to such shareholders at the highest U.S. federal corporate income tax rate. The extent to which this IRS guidance remains applicable in light of the December 2006 legislation is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, each Fund may elect to specially allocate any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and thus reduce such shareholder’s distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholder’s interest in the Fund. CRTs and other tax-exempt investors are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in the Funds.

Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance (and zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) will be treated as debt obligations that are issued originally at a discount. Generally, the amount of the OID is treated as interest income and is included in a Fund’s taxable income (and required to be distributed by the Fund) over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security. In addition, payment-in-kind securities will give rise to income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Fund holding the security receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year.

Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance that are acquired by a Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount. Very generally, market discount is the excess of the stated redemption price of a debt obligation (or in the case of an obligation issued with OID, its “revised issue price”) over the purchase price

 

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of such obligation. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the “accrued market discount” on such debt security. Alternatively, a Fund may elect to accrue market discount currently, in which case the Fund will be required to include the accrued market discount in the Fund’s income (as ordinary income) and thus distribute it over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security. The rate at which the market discount accrues, and thus is included in the Fund’s income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Fund elects.

Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of one year or less from the date of issuance may be treated as having OID or, in certain cases, acquisition discount (very generally, the excess of the stated redemption price over the purchase price). Generally, a Fund will be required to include the OID or acquisition discount in income (as ordinary income) over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. The OID or acquisition discount accrues ratably in equal daily installments or, if the Fund so elects, at a constant (compound) interest rate. If the Fund elects the constant interest rate method, the character and timing of recognition of income by the Fund will differ from what they would have been under the default pro rata method.

Increases in the principal amount of an inflation indexed bond will be treated as OID includible in income (as ordinary income) over the term of the bond, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time. Decreases in the principal amount of an inflation indexed bond will reduce the amount of interest from the debt instrument that would otherwise be includible in income by a Fund. In addition, if the negative inflation adjustment exceeds the income includible by a Fund with respect to the debt instrument (including any OID) for the taxable year, such excess will be an ordinary loss to the extent a Fund’s total interest inclusions on the debt instrument in prior taxable years exceed the total amount treated by the Fund as an ordinary loss on the debt instrument in prior taxable years. Any remaining excess may be carried forward to reduce taxable income from the instrument in subsequent years.

A Fund also may purchase contingent payment debt instruments. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, holders of contingent payment debt instruments generally have to include taxable income (as interest) on a constant yield basis without regard to whether cash is received with respect thereto. Gain on the disposition of contingent payment debt instruments generally will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as ordinary interest income rather than as capital gain.

If a Fund holds the foregoing kinds of debt instruments, it may be required to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund actually received. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or, if necessary, by liquidation of portfolio investments including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so. A Fund may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event a Fund realizes net long-term or short-term capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger Capital Gain Dividend or ordinary dividend, respectively, than they would in the absence of such transactions.

 

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Very generally, where a Fund purchases a bond at a price that exceeds the redemption price at maturity, that is, at a premium, the premium is amortizable over the remaining term of the bond. In the case of a taxable bond, if a Fund makes an election applicable to all such bonds it purchases, which election is irrevocable without the consent of the IRS, the Fund reduces the current taxable income from the bond by the amortized premium and reduces its tax basis in the bond by the amount of such offset; upon the disposition or maturity of such bonds, the Fund is generally permitted to deduct any remaining premium allocable to a prior period. In the case of a tax-exempt bond, tax rules require a Fund to reduce its tax basis by the amount of amortized premium.

Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for a Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether and to what extent the Fund should recognize market discount on a debt obligation; when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID, or market discount; when and to what extent the Fund may take deductions for bad debts or worthless investments; and how the Fund should allocate payments received on obligations in default between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by a Fund when, as, and if it invests in such investments, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a RIC and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.

A Fund’s investments in certain commodity-linked instruments may be limited by the Fund’s intention to qualify as a RIC, and may limit the Fund’s ability to so qualify. Income and gains from certain commodity-linked instruments does not constitute qualifying income to a RIC for purposes of the 90% gross income test described above. The tax treatment of some other commodity-linked instruments in which a Fund might invest is not certain, in particular with respect to whether income or gains from such instruments constitute qualifying income to a RIC. If a Fund were to treat income or gain from a particular instrument as qualifying income and the income or gain were later determined not to constitute qualifying income and, together with any other nonqualifying income, caused the Fund’s nonqualifying income to exceed 10% of its gross income in any taxable year, the Fund would fail to qualify as a RIC unless it were eligible to and did pay a tax at the Fund level. See “Loss of RIC Status” below.

As discussed above, certain of the Asset Allocation Funds may gain indirect exposure to commodity-linked instruments through GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, which is a partnership for U.S. federal tax purposes. GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund achieves indirect exposure to commodities through its wholly owned subsidiary, which, in turn, invests in various commodity-related derivatives. Its subsidiary is a “controlled foreign corporation” (“CFC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The applicable Asset Allocation Funds should generally be entitled to treat all of the income that they recognize from GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, including income from GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund’s investment in its subsidiary, as qualifying income for purposes of qualifying as RICs. There is a risk, however, that the IRS could determine that some or all of the income derived from GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund’s investment in its subsidiary should not be treated as qualifying income in the hands of the applicable Asset Allocation Funds, which might adversely affect the ability of those Asset Allocation Funds to qualify as RICs. See “Loss of RIC Status” below.

 

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To the extent a Fund invests in commodities-related entities that are partnerships (other than qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined earlier)), income or other trusts, or other pass-through structures for U.S. federal income tax purposes, including, for instance, certain royalty trusts and certain ETFs (e.g., ETFs investing in gold bullion), all or a portion of any income and gains from such entities could constitute non-qualifying income to the Fund for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described earlier. Similarly, certain other income trusts in which a Fund may invest could be partnerships or other pass-through structures for U.S. federal income tax purposes, such that, depending on the specific assets held by the income trust, all or a portion of any income or gains from such investment could constitute non-qualifying income to the Fund. In any such cases, the Fund’s investments in such entities could bear on or be limited by its intention to qualify as a RIC. See “Loss of RIC Status” below.

Certain of the commodities-related ETFs in which a Fund may invest may qualify as qualified publicly traded partnerships sometimes referred to as “QPTPs”. In such cases, the net income derived from such investments will constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described earlier for RIC qualification. If, however, such a vehicle were to fail to qualify as a qualified publicly traded partnership in a particular year, a portion of the gross income derived from it in such year could constitute non-qualifying income to a Fund for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement and thus could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to qualify as a RIC for a particular year. In addition, the diversification requirement described above for RIC qualification will limit a Fund’s investments in one or more vehicles that are qualified publicly traded partnerships to 25% of the Fund’s total assets as of the close of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year.

MLPs, if any, in which a Fund invests also may qualify as qualified publicly traded partnerships, subject to the special RIC-related rules described in the immediately preceding paragraph, or, instead, may be treated as “regular” partnerships. To the extent an MLP is a regular (non-QPTP) partnership, the MLP’s income and gains allocated to a Fund will constitute qualifying income to the Fund for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement only to the extent such items of income and gain would be qualifying income if earned directly by the Fund. Thus, all or a portion of any income and gains from a Fund’s investment in an MLP that is a regular (non-QPTP) partnership could constitute non-qualifying income to the Fund for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described earlier. In such cases, a Fund’s investments in such entities could bear on or be limited by its intention to qualify as a RIC.

To the extent an MLP is a partnership (whether or not a qualified publicly traded partnership), some amounts received by a Fund with respect to an investment in MLPs will likely be treated as a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes because of accelerated deductions available with respect to the activities of such MLPs. If the Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to Fund shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Further, because of these accelerated deductions, the Fund will likely realize taxable income in excess of economic gain with respect to interests in such an MLP on the disposition of such interests (or if the Fund does not dispose of the MLP, the Fund will likely realize taxable income in excess of cash flow with respect to the MLP in a later period), and the Fund must take such income into account in determining whether the Fund has satisfied its distribution requirements. The Fund may have to borrow or liquidate investments to satisfy its

 

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distribution requirements and to meet its redemption requests, even though investment considerations might otherwise make it undesirable for the Fund to sell investments or borrow money at such time. In addition, any gain recognized, either upon the sale of the a Fund’s MLP interest or sale by the MLP of property held by it, including in excess of economic gain thereon, treated as so-called “recapture income,” will be treated as ordinary income. Therefore, to the extent a Fund invests in MLPs, Fund shareholders might receive greater amounts of distributions from the Fund taxable as ordinary income than they otherwise would in the absence of such MLP investments.

Although MLPs are generally expected to be treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, some MLPs may be treated as “passive foreign investment companies,” “controlled foreign corporations” or “regular” corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The treatment of particular MLPs for U.S. federal income tax purposes will affect the extent to which a Fund can invest in MLPs. The U.S. federal income tax consequences of a Fund’s investments in “passive foreign investment companies” and “controlled foreign corporations” are discussed in greater detail below.

A Fund’s investments in certain passive foreign investment companies (“PFICs”), as defined below, could subject the Fund to U.S. federal income tax (including interest charges) on distributions received from a PFIC or on proceeds received from the disposition of shares in a PFIC, which tax cannot be eliminated by making distributions to Fund shareholders. However, a Fund may make certain elections to avoid the imposition of that tax. For example, a Fund may elect to treat a PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (“QEF”) (i.e., make a “QEF election”), in which case the Fund will be required to include its share of the PFIC’s income and net capital gain annually, regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the PFIC. Alternately, a Fund may make an election to mark the gains (and to a limited extent the losses) in such holdings “to the market” as though it had sold (and, solely for purposes of this mark-to-market election, repurchased) its holdings in those PFICs on the last day of the Fund’s taxable year. Such gains and losses are treated as ordinary income and loss. The QEF and mark-to-market elections may have the effect of accelerating the recognition of income (without the receipt of cash) and increasing the amount required to be distributed for the Fund to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections therefore may require the Fund to liquidate other investments (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to meet its distribution requirement, which also may accelerate the recognition of gain and affect the Fund’s total return. In general, a Fund that indirectly invests in PFICs by virtue of the Fund’s investment in Underlying RICs or other investment companies may not make such elections; rather, the Underlying RICs or other investment companies directly investing in PFICs would decide whether to make such elections.

There is a risk that a Fund may not realize that a foreign corporation in which it invests is a PFIC for U.S. federal tax purposes and thus fail to timely make a QEF or mark-to-market election in respect of that corporation, in which event the Fund could be subject to the U.S. federal income taxes and interest charges described above.

A PFIC is any foreign corporation in which (i) 75% or more of the gross income for the taxable year is passive income, or (ii) the average percentage of the assets (generally by value, but by adjusted tax basis in certain cases) that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income

 

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is at least 50%. Generally, passive income for this purpose means dividends, interest (including income equivalent to interest), royalties, rents, annuities, the excess of gains over losses from certain property transactions and commodities transactions, income from certain notional principal contracts, and foreign currency gains. Passive income for this purpose does not include rents and royalties received by the foreign corporation from active business and certain income received from related persons.

Dividends paid by PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income or for the dividends-received deduction.

A U.S. person, including a Fund, who owns (directly or indirectly) 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of a foreign corporation is a “U.S. Shareholder” for purposes of the CFC provisions of the Code. A CFC is a foreign corporation that, on any day of its taxable year, is owned (directly, indirectly, or constructively) more than 50% (measured by voting power or value) by U.S. Shareholders. From time to time, a Fund may be a U.S. Shareholder in a CFC. As a U.S. Shareholder, a Fund is required to include in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes for each taxable year of the Fund its pro rata share of its CFC’s “subpart F income” for the CFC’s taxable year ending within the Fund’s taxable year whether or not such income is actually distributed by the CFC, provided that the foreign corporation has been a CFC for at least 30 uninterrupted days in its taxable year. Subpart F income generally includes interest, OID, dividends, net gains from the disposition of stocks or securities, net gains from transactions (including futures, forward, and similar transactions) in commodities, receipts with respect to securities loans, and net payments received with respect to equity swaps and similar derivatives. Subpart F income is treated as ordinary income, regardless of the character of the CFC’s underlying income. Net losses incurred by a CFC during a tax year do not flow through to an investing Fund and thus will not be available to offset income or capital gain generated from that Fund’s other investments. In addition, net losses incurred by a CFC during a tax year generally cannot be carried forward by the CFC to offset gains realized by it in subsequent taxable years. To the extent a Fund invests in a CFC and recognizes subpart F income in excess of actual cash distributions from the CFC, it may be required to sell assets (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to generate the cash necessary to distribute as dividends to its shareholders all of its income and gains and therefore to eliminate any tax liability at the Fund level.

The interest on municipal obligations is generally exempt from U.S. federal income tax. However, distributions from a Fund derived from interest on municipal obligations are taxable to shareholders of a Fund when received. In addition, gains realized by a Fund on the sale or exchange of municipal obligations are taxable to shareholders of the Fund.

Special Tax Considerations Pertaining to a Fund’s Investment in Underlying Funds

Tax Considerations Related to the Asset Allocation Funds and Other Funds’ Investments in Underlying RICs.

If an Asset Allocation Fund or any other Fund invests substantially or entirely in shares of one or more Underlying RICs (the Asset Allocation Funds and such other Funds are referred to in this

 

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section as “Funds of Funds”), their distributable income and gains will normally consist substantially or entirely, as the case may be, of distributions from Underlying RICs and gains and losses on the disposition of shares of Underlying RICs. To the extent that an Underlying RIC realizes net capital losses on its investments for a given taxable year, a Fund of Funds investing in that Underlying RIC will not be able to benefit from those losses until (i) the Underlying RIC realizes capital gains that can be reduced by those losses, or (ii) the Fund of Funds recognizes its share of those losses when it disposes of shares of the Underlying RIC. Moreover, even when a Fund of Funds does make such a disposition of Underlying RIC shares at a net capital loss, a portion of its loss may be recognized as a long-term capital loss, which will not be treated as favorably for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a short-term capital loss or an ordinary deduction. A Fund of Funds also will not be able to offset any capital losses realized from its dispositions of Underlying RIC shares against its ordinary income (including distributions of any net short-term capital gains realized by an Underlying RIC).

In addition, in certain circumstances, the “wash-sale” rules under Section 1091 of the Code may apply to a Fund of Funds’ sales of Underlying RIC shares that have generated losses. A wash sale occurs if shares of an Underlying RIC are sold by the Fund of Funds at a loss and the Fund of Funds acquires additional shares of that same Underlying RIC 30 days before or after the date of the sale. The wash-sale rules could defer losses in the Fund of Funds’s hands on sales of Underlying RIC shares (to the extent such sales are wash sales) for extended periods of time.

As a result of the foregoing rules, and certain other special rules, the amounts of net investment income and net capital gains that a Fund of Funds will be required to distribute to shareholders may be greater than such amounts would have been had the Fund of Funds invested directly in the investments held by the Underlying RICs, rather than investing in shares of the Underlying RICs. For similar reasons, the amount or timing of distributions from a Fund of Funds qualifying for treatment as a particular character (e.g., long-term capital gain, eligibility for dividends-received deduction, etc.) will not necessarily be the same as it would have been had the Fund of Funds invested directly in the investments held by the Underlying RICs.

Depending on a Fund of Funds’ percentage ownership in an Underlying RIC both before and after a redemption of Underlying RIC shares, the Fund’s redemption of shares of such Underlying RIC may cause it to be treated as receiving a dividend taxable as ordinary income on the full amount of the redemption instead of being treated as realizing capital gain (or loss) on the redemption of the shares of the Underlying RIC. This could be the case where the Fund of Funds holds a significant interest in an Underlying RIC that is not a “publicly offered” RIC within the meaning of the Code (e.g., certain underlying GMO Funds principally available only to other GMO Funds and certain other accredited investors, including GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund and GMO Debt Opportunities Fund) and redeems only a small portion of such interest. Dividend treatment of a redemption by a Fund of Funds would affect the amount and character of income required to be distributed by both the Fund of Funds and the Underlying RIC for the year in which the redemption occurred. It is possible that any such dividend would qualify as qualified dividend income taxable at long-term capital gain rates ; otherwise, it would be taxable as ordinary income and could cause shareholders of the Fund of Funds to recognize higher amounts of ordinary income than if the shareholders held shares of the Underlying RICs directly.

 

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If a Fund of Funds receives dividends from an Underlying RIC, and the Underlying RIC reports such dividends as qualified dividend income, then the Fund of Funds is permitted, in turn, to report a portion of its distributions as qualified dividend income, provided that the Fund of Funds meets the holding period and other requirements with respect to shares of the Underlying RIC.

If a Fund of Funds receives dividends from an Underlying RIC, and the Underlying RIC reports such dividends as eligible for the dividends-received deduction, then the Fund of Funds is permitted, in turn, to report a portion of its distributions as eligible for the dividends-received deduction, provided that the Fund of Funds meets the holding period and other requirements with respect to shares of the Underlying RIC.

If, at the close of each quarter of a Fund of Funds’ taxable year, at least 50% of its total assets consists of interests in Underlying RICs, that Fund of Funds will be a “qualified fund of funds.” In that case, the Fund of Funds is permitted to elect to pass through to its shareholders foreign income and other similar taxes paid by the Fund of Funds in respect of foreign investments held directly by the Fund of Funds or by an Underlying RIC in which its invests that itself elected to pass such taxes through to shareholders, so that shareholders of the Fund of Funds will be eligible to claim a tax credit or deduction for such taxes. Each eligible Asset Allocation Fund and Currency Hedged International Equity Fund, if eligible, expects to make this election for any taxable year in which it directly or indirectly (through one or more Underlying RICs making this election) pays qualifying foreign taxes. However, even if a Fund of Funds qualifies to make such election for any year, it may determine not to do so in its sole discretion. See “Foreign Taxes” above for more information.

Tax Considerations Related to a Fund’s Investments in Partnerships.

Special tax considerations apply if a Fund invests in investment companies treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, including certain GMO Trust Funds offered pursuant to separate private placement memoranda. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a Fund investing in such a partnership generally will be allocated its share of the income, gains, losses, deductions, credits, and other tax items of the partnership so as to reflect the Fund’s interest in the partnership. A partnership in which a Fund invests may modify its partner allocations to comply with applicable tax regulations, including, without limitation, the income tax regulations under Sections 704, 706, 708, 734, 743, 754, and 755 of the Code. It also may make special allocations of specific tax items, including gross income, gain, deduction, or loss. These modified or special allocations could result in the Fund, as a partner, receiving more or fewer items of income, gain, deduction, or loss (and/or income, gain, deduction, or loss of a different character) than it would in the absence of such modified or special allocations. A Fund will be required to include in its income its share of a partnership’s tax items, including gross income, gain, deduction, or loss, for any partnership taxable year ending within or with the Fund’s taxable year, regardless of whether or not the partnership distributes any cash to the Fund in such year.

In general, a Fund will not recognize its share of these tax items until the close of the partnership’s taxable year. However, absent the availability of an exception, a Fund will

 

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recognize its share of these tax items as they are recognized by the partnership for purposes of determining the Fund’s liability for the 4% excise tax (described above). If a Fund and a partnership have different taxable years, the Fund may be obligated to make distributions in excess of the net income and gains recognized from that partnership and yet be unable to avoid the 4% excise tax because it is without sufficient earnings and profits at the end of its taxable year. In some cases, however, a Fund can take advantage of certain safe harbors which would allow it to include its share of a partnership’s income, gain, loss, and certain other tax items at the close of the partnership’s taxable year for both excise tax purposes and general Subchapter M purposes, thus avoiding the potential complexities arising from different taxable years.

In general, cash distributions to a Fund by a partnership in which it invests (including in partial or complete redemption of its interest in the partnership) will represent a nontaxable return of capital to the Fund up to the amount of the Fund’s adjusted tax basis in its interest in the partnership, with any amounts exceeding such basis treated as capital gain. Any loss may be recognized by a Fund only if it redeems its entire interest in the partnership for money.

If a Fund receives allocations of income from a partnership in which it invests that are eligible for qualified dividend treatment or the dividends-received deduction, then the Fund, in turn, may report a portion of its distributions as qualified dividend income or as eligible for the dividend-received deduction, as applicable, provided certain conditions are met.

More generally, as a result of the foregoing and certain other special rules, a Fund’s investment in investment companies that are partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes can cause a Fund’s distributions to shareholders to vary in terms of their timing, character, and/or amount from what that Fund’s distributions would have been had the Fund invested directly in the investments held by those underlying partnerships.

Tax Considerations Related to a Fund’s Investments in Underlying Funds that are Disregarded Entities.

Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund (“BFAF”) invests in GMO Implementation Fund, a separate series of the Trust that is offered pursuant to a separate private placement memorandum. GMO Implementation Fund is a disregarded entity for U.S. federal tax purposes. Because GMO Implementation Fund is an entity disregarded from its sole shareholder, BFAF, for U.S. federal tax purposes, any distributions BFAF receives from GMO Implementation Fund will have no effect on BFAF’s U.S. federal income tax liability because BFAF is treated as owning GMO Implementation Fund’s assets directly for U.S. federal tax purposes. Thus, any income, gain, loss, deduction or other tax items arising in respect of GMO Implementation Fund’s assets will be treated as if they are realized or incurred, as applicable, directly by BFAF.

Loss of RIC Status

If a Fund were to fail to meet the income, diversification or distribution test described in “Tax Status and Taxation of Each Fund” above, the Fund could in some cases cure such failure, including by paying a Fund-level tax, paying interest charges, paying penalties, making additional distributions or disposing of certain assets. If the Fund were ineligible to or otherwise did not cure such failure for any year, or if the Fund were otherwise to not qualify for taxation as

 

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a RIC for such year, the Fund’s income would be taxed at the Fund level at regular corporate rates, and depending on when the Fund discovered its qualification failure for a particular taxable year, the Fund may be subject to penalties and interest on any late payments of its Fund-level taxes for such year. In addition, in the event of any such loss of RIC status, all distributions from earnings and profits, including distributions of net long-term capital gains and net tax-exempt income (if any), generally would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Such distributions generally would be eligible (i) to be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals and (ii) for the dividends-received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders, provided, in both cases, the shareholder meets certain holding period and other requirements in respect of the Fund’s shares. In addition, in order to re-qualify for taxation as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment, a Fund may be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest on such gains, and make certain substantial distributions. If an Underlying RIC were to fail to qualify as a RIC in a particular taxable year, a Fund’s return on its investment in such Underlying RIC and, depending on the size of the Fund’s investment in such Underlying RIC, the Fund’s ability to qualify as a RIC, could be adversely affected.

Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations

Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss on disposition of a Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct holders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

State, Local, and Other Tax Matters

The foregoing discussion relates only to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in the Funds for shareholders who are U.S. citizens, residents, or domestic corporations. The consequences under other tax laws may differ. This discussion has not addressed all aspects of taxation that may be relevant to particular shareholders in light of their own investment or tax circumstances, or to particular types of shareholders (including insurance companies, financial institutions or broker-dealers, tax-exempt entities, foreign corporations, and persons who are not citizens or residents of the United States) subject to special treatment under the U.S. federal income tax laws. This summary is based on the Code, the regulations thereunder, published rulings, and court decisions, all as currently in effect. These laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors about the precise tax consequences of an investment in a Fund in light of their particular tax situation, including possible foreign, state, local, or other applicable tax laws.

Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the suitability of shares of a Fund as an investment through such plans.

 

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Additionally, most states permit mutual funds, such as the Funds, to “pass through” to their shareholders the state tax exemption on income earned from investments in certain direct U.S. Treasury obligations, as well as some limited types of U.S. government agency securities (such as Federal Farm Credit Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank securities), so long as a Fund meets all applicable state requirements. Therefore, shareholders in a Fund may be allowed to exclude from their state taxable income distributions made to them by the Fund to the extent attributable to interest the Fund directly or indirectly earned on such investments. The availability of these exemptions varies by state. Investments in securities of certain U.S. government agencies, including securities issued by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac, and repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities generally do not qualify for these exemptions. Moreover, these exemptions may not be available to corporate shareholders. All shareholders should consult their tax advisors regarding the applicability of these exemptions to their situation.

MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST

The following tables present information as of June 30, 2013 regarding each current Trustee and officer of the Trust. Each Trustee’s and officer’s date of birth (“DOB”) is set forth after his or her name. Unless otherwise noted, (i) each Trustee and officer has engaged in the principal occupation(s) noted in the table for at least the most recent five years, although not necessarily in the same capacity, and (ii) the address of each Trustee and officer is c/o GMO Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110. Each Trustee serves in office until the earlier of (a) the election and qualification of a successor at the next meeting of shareholders called to elect Trustees or (b) the Trustee dies, resigns, or is removed as provided in the Trust’s governing documents. Each of the Trustees of the Trust, other than Mr. Kittredge, is not an “interested person” of the Trust, as such term is used in the 1940 Act (each, an “Independent Trustee”). Because the Funds do not hold annual meetings of shareholders, each Trustee will hold office for an indeterminate period. Each officer serves in office until his or her successor is elected and determined to be qualified to carry out the duties and responsibilities of the office, or until the officer resigns or is removed from office.

 

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Name and Date of Birth

  

Position(s)

Held

with the Trust

  

Length of

Time Served

  

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years

  

Number of

Portfolios in

Fund

Complex1

Overseen

  

Other

Directorships

Held in the

Past Five

Years

INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES            

Donald W. Glazer, Esq.

DOB: 07/26/1944

   Chairman of the Board of Trustees    Chairman of the Board of Trustees since March 2005; Lead Independent Trustee (September 2004-March 2005); Trustee since December 2000.    Consultant – Law and Business2; Author of Legal Treatises; Director, BeiGene Ltd.    54    None.

Peter Tufano

DOB: 04/22/1957

   Trustee    Since December 2008.    Peter Moores Dean and Professor of Finance, University of Oxford Saïd Business School (as of July 1, 2011); Sylvan C. Coleman Professor of Financial Management, Harvard Business School (1989-2011).    54    Trustee of State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust (2 Portfolios).

Paul Braverman

DOB: 01/25/1949

   Trustee    Since March 2010.    Director of Courier Corporation (a book publisher and manufacturer) (January 2008-present); Chief Financial Officer, Wellington Management Company, LLP (an investment adviser) (March 1986-December 2007).    54    Director of Courier Corporation (a book publisher and manufacturer).

INTERESTED TRUSTEE AND OFFICER

        

Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr.3

DOB: 08/22/1954

  

Trustee;

President and Chief Executive Officer of the Trust

   Trustee since March 2010; President and Chief Executive Officer of the Trust since March 2009.    General Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (October 2005-present); Partner, Ropes & Gray, LLP (1988-2005).    72    None.

 

1  The Fund Complex includes series of each of GMO Trust and GMO Series Trust. Mr. Kittredge also serves as a Trustee of GMO Series Trust.
2  As part of Mr. Glazer’s work as a consultant, he provides part-time consulting services to Goodwin Procter LLP (“Goodwin”). Goodwin has provided legal services to Renewable Resources, LLC, an affiliate of GMO; GMO, in connection with its relationship with Renewable Resources; and funds managed by Renewable Resources. Mr. Glazer has represented that he has no financial interest in, and is not involved in the provision of, such legal services. In the calendar years ended December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2012, these entities paid $230,579 and $71,843.01, respectively, in legal fees and disbursements to Goodwin. In correspondence with the Staff of the SEC beginning in August 2006, the Independent Trustees’ legal counsel provided the Staff with information regarding Mr. Glazer’s relationship with Goodwin and his other business activities. On September 11, 2007, based on information that had been given to the Staff as of that date, the Staff provided oral no-action assurance consistent with the opinion of the Independent Trustees’ legal counsel that Mr. Glazer is not an “interested person” of the Trust.
3  Mr. Kittredge is an “interested person” of the Trust, as such term is used in the 1940 Act (an “Interested Trustee”), by virtue of his positions with the Trust and GMO indicated in the table above and his interest as a member of GMO.

 

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Information About Each Trustee’s Experience, Qualifications, Attributes, or Skills for Board Membership. As described in additional detail below under “Committees,” the Governance Committee, which is comprised solely of Independent Trustees, has responsibility for recommending to the Board of Trustees the nomination of candidates for election as Trustees, including identifying and evaluating the skill sets and qualifications of, potential candidates. In recommending the election of the current board members as Trustees, the Governance Committee generally considered the educational, business, and professional experience of each Trustee in determining his or her qualifications to serve as a Trustee of the Funds. The Governance Committee focuses on the complementary skills and experience of the Trustees as a group, as well as on those of any particular Trustee. With respect to Messrs. Glazer, Tufano, and Braverman, the Governance Committee noted that these Trustees all had considerable experience in overseeing investment management activities and/or related operations and in serving on the boards of other companies. In addition, the Committee also considered, among other factors, the particular attributes described below with respect to the various individual Trustees:

Donald W. Glazer – Mr. Glazer’s experience serving as Chairman of the Board of Trustees and as a director of other companies, his professional training and his experience as a business lawyer, including as a partner at a leading law firm, and his business experience.

Peter Tufano – Mr. Tufano’s experience serving as Trustee of the Funds and as a director of other companies, and his professional training and his experience in business and finance, including as a professor of financial management at a leading business school.

Paul Braverman – Mr. Braverman’s experience as a director, his professional training and his experience as a certified public accountant and lawyer and his experience in the management of a leading investment management firm.

Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr. – Mr. Kittredge’s experience serving as President of the Trust and GMO Series Trust and General Counsel and a Member of GMO, his professional training and his experience as a lawyer representing mutual funds and investment management firms, including as a partner at a leading law firm, and his perspective on Board matters as a senior executive of GMO.

Information relating to the experience, qualifications, attributes, and skills of the Trustees is required by the registration form adopted by the SEC, does not constitute holding out the Board or any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience, and does not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board as a whole than would otherwise be the case.

 

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Officers

 

Name and Date of Birth

 

Position(s)

Held

with the Trust

 

Length

of Time Served

 

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years1

Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr.

DOB: 08/22/1954

 

Trustee;

President and Chief Executive Officer of the Trust

  Trustee since March 2010; President and Chief Executive Officer of the Trust since March 2009.   General Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (October 2005-present); Partner, Ropes & Gray LLP (1988-2005).

Sheppard N. Burnett

DOB: 10/24/1968

  Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer   Chief Financial Officer since March 2007; Treasurer since November 2006; Assistant Treasurer, September 2004-November 2006.   Head of Fund Treasury and Tax (December 2006-present), Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC.

Carolyn Haley

DOB: 07/12/1966

  Assistant Treasurer and Chief Accounting Officer   Assistant Treasurer, June 2009-March 2013 and since September 2013; Chief Accounting Officer since September 2013.   Fund Administrator, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (May 2009-March 2013, June 2013-present); Treasurer and Chief Compliance Officer, Hambrecht & Quist Capital Management LLC (April 2007-April 2009).

John L. Nasrah

DOB: 05/27/1977

  Assistant Treasurer and Chief Tax Officer   Since March 2007.   Fund Administrator, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (September 2004-present).

Betty Chang

DOB: 12/26/1972

  Assistant Treasurer   Since September 2013.   Fund Administrator, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (July 2010-present); Assistant Treasurer (June 2009-July 2010), Manager, Fund Administration and Regulatory Affairs (2006-2009), Hambrecht & Quist Capital Management LLC.

Carly Condron

DOB: 03/04/1984

  Assistant Treasurer   Since September 2013.   Fund Administrator, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (December 2009-present); Senior Accountant, Renaissance HealthCare (February 2009-December 2009); Auditor/Senior Auditor, Deloitte & Touche (September 2006-February 2009).

Mahmoodur Rahman

DOB: 11/30/1967

  Assistant Treasurer   Since September 2007.   Fund Administrator, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (April 2007-present); Vice President and Senior Tax Manager, Massachusetts Financial Services Company (January 2000-April 2007).

Brian Kadehjian

DOB: 09/16/1974

  Treasury Officer   Since September 2013.   Fund Administrator, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (April 2002-present).

Jason B. Harrison

DOB: 01/29/1977

  Chief Legal Officer, Vice President-Law and Clerk   Chief Legal Officer since October 2010; Vice President-Law since October 2010; Vice President since November 2006; Clerk since March 2006.   Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (February 2006-present).

 

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Name and Date of Birth

 

Position(s)

Held

with the Trust

 

Length

of Time Served

 

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years1

Megan Bunting

DOB: 03/24/1978

 

Vice President and

Assistant Clerk

  Since September 2013.   Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (September 2006-present).

Meta S. David

DOB: 09/15/1982

 

Vice President and

Assistant Clerk

  Since September 2013.   Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (September 2012-present).

Gregory L. Pottle

DOB: 07/09/1971

 

Vice President and

Assistant Clerk

  Since November 2006.   Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (March 2000-present).

Anne K. Trinque

DOB: 04/15/1978

 

Vice President and

Assistant Clerk

  Since September 2007.   Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (January 2007-present).

John B. McGinty

DOB: 08/11/1962

  Chief Compliance Officer   Since March 2011.   Chief Compliance Officer, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (July 2009-present); Senior Vice President and Deputy General Counsel (January 2007-July 2009), Fidelity Investments.

Kenneth Earley

DOB: 09/09/1973

  Anti-Money Laundering Officer   Since September 2013.   Compliance Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (May 2011-present); Associate in Financial Services Group, Dechert LLP (May 2007-May 2011).

 

1  Each of Messrs. Burnett, Kittredge, and Pottle and Ms. Trinque serves as an officer and/or director of certain pooled investment vehicles of which GMO or an affiliate of GMO serves as the investment adviser. Each officer listed in the table above, other than Mr. Kittredge, also serves as an officer of GMO Series Trust.

Trustees’ Responsibilities. Under the provisions of the GMO Declaration of Trust, the Trustees manage the business of the Trust, an open-end management investment company. The Trustees have all powers necessary or convenient to carry out that responsibility, including the power to engage in securities transactions on behalf of the Trust. Without limiting the foregoing, the Trustees may: adopt By-Laws not inconsistent with the Declaration of Trust providing for the regulation and management of the affairs of the Trust; amend and repeal By-Laws to the extent that such By-Laws do not reserve that right to the shareholders; fill vacancies in or remove members of the Board of Trustees (including any vacancies created by an increase in the number of Trustees); remove members of the Board of Trustees with or without cause; elect and remove such officers and appoint and terminate agents as they consider appropriate; appoint members of the Board of Trustees to one or more committees consisting of two or more Trustees, which may exercise the powers and authority of the Trustees, and terminate any such appointments; employ one or more custodians of the assets of the Trust and authorize such custodians to employ subcustodians and to deposit all or any part of such assets in a system or systems for the central handling of securities or with a Federal Reserve Bank; retain a transfer agent or a shareholder servicing agent, or both; provide for the distribution of Shares by the Trust, through one or more principal underwriters or otherwise; set record dates for the determination of Shareholders with respect to various matters; and in general delegate such authority as they consider desirable to any officer of the Trust, to any committee of the Trustees, and to any agent or employee of the Trust or to any such custodian or underwriter.

 

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Board Leadership Structure and Risk Oversight. The Board of Trustees is responsible for the general oversight of the Funds’ affairs and for assuring that each Fund is managed in the best interests of its shareholders. The Board regularly reviews each Fund’s investment performance as well as the quality of services provided to the Fund and its shareholders by GMO and its affiliates, including shareholder servicing. At least annually, the Board reviews and evaluates the fees and operating expenses paid by each Fund for these services and negotiates changes that it deems appropriate. In carrying out these responsibilities, the Board is assisted by the Funds’ auditors, independent counsel to the Independent Trustees, and other persons as appropriate, who are selected by and responsible to the Board. In addition, the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer reports directly to the Board.

Currently, all but one of the Trustees are Independent Trustees. The Independent Trustees must vote separately to approve all financial arrangements and other agreements with the Funds’ investment adviser, GMO, and other affiliated parties. The role of the Independent Trustees has been characterized as that of a “watchdog” charged with oversight of protecting shareholders’ interests against overreaching and abuse by those who are in a position to control or influence a fund. The Independent Trustees meet regularly as a group in executive session without representatives of GMO present. An Independent Board Member currently serves as Chairman of the Board of Trustees.

Taking into account the number, diversity, and complexity of the Funds overseen by the Board of Trustees and the aggregate amount of assets under management in the Funds, the Board has determined that the efficient conduct of its affairs makes it desirable to delegate responsibility for certain specific matters to committees of the Board. These committees, which are described in more detail below, review and evaluate matters specified in their charters and make recommendations to the Board as they deem appropriate. Each committee may utilize the resources of the Funds’ counsel and auditors as well as other persons. The committees meet from time to time, either in conjunction with regular meetings of the Board or otherwise. The membership and chair of each committee are appointed by the Board upon recommendation of the Governance Committee. The membership and chair of each committee other than the Risk Oversight Committee consists exclusively of Independent Trustees.

The Board of Trustees has determined that this committee structure also allows the Board to focus more effectively on the oversight of risk as part of its broader oversight of each Fund’s affairs. While risk management is primarily the responsibility of the Fund’s investment adviser, GMO, the Board regularly receives reports, including reports from GMO and the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer, regarding investment risks, compliance risks, and certain other risks applicable to the Funds. The Board’s committee structure allows separate committees, such as the Audit Committee, Pricing Committee, and Governance Committee, which are discussed in more detail below under “Committees,” to focus on different aspects of these risks within the scope of the committee’s authority and their potential impact on some or all of the Funds, and to discuss with the GMO the ways in which GMO monitors and controls such risks. The Board has also established a separate Risk Oversight Committee to oversee the management of risks applicable to the Funds, to the extent such risks are not overseen by a separate standing committee of the Board or by the Board itself.

 

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The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the Funds can be identified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve a Fund’s goals, that reports received by the Trustees with respect to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information, and that the processes, procedures, and controls employed to address risks may be limited in their effectiveness. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, risk management oversight by the Board and by the Committees is subject to substantial limitations.

Committees

The Board of Trustees has the authority to establish committees, which may exercise the power and authority of the Trustees to the extent the Board determines. The committees assist the Board of Trustees in performing its functions and duties under the 1940 Act and Massachusetts law.

The Board of Trustees currently has established four standing committees: the Audit Committee, the Pricing Committee, the Risk Oversight Committee, and the Governance Committee. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2013, the Audit Committee held 3 meetings; the Pricing Committee held 4 meetings; the Governance Committee held 3 meetings; and the Risk Oversight Committee held 5 meetings.

Audit Committee. The Audit Committee (i) oversees the Trust’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and internal controls over financial reporting; (ii) oversees the quality and objectivity of the Trust’s financial statements and the independent audit of those statements; (iii) appoints, determines the independence and compensation of, and oversees the work performed by the Trust’s independent auditors in preparing or issuing an audit report or related work; (iv) approves all audit and permissible non-audit services provided to the Trust, and certain other persons by the Trust’s independent auditors; and (v) acts as a liaison between the Trust’s independent auditors and the Board of Trustees. Mr. Braverman and Mr. Tufano are members of the Audit Committee, and Mr. Glazer is an alternate member of the Audit Committee. Mr. Braverman is the Chairman of the Audit Committee.

Pricing Committee. The Pricing Committee oversees the valuation of the securities and other assets held by the Funds, reviews and makes recommendations regarding the Trust’s Pricing Policies, and, to the extent required by the Trust’s Pricing Policies, determines the fair value of the securities or other assets held by the Funds. Mr. Tufano and Mr. Glazer are members of the Pricing Committee, and Mr. Braverman is an alternate member of the Pricing Committee. Mr. Tufano is the Chairman of the Pricing Committee.

Risk Oversight Committee. The Risk Oversight Committee assists the Board in overseeing the management of risks applicable to the Funds to the extent those risks are not overseen by another standing committee of the Board or by the Board itself (e.g., financial reporting and audit-related operational or compliance risks, which are overseen by the Audit Committee, valuation-related operational or compliance risks, which are overseen by the Pricing Committee, or legal risks, which are overseen by the Board as a whole) including, without limitation, investment, operational and compliance risks. All of the Trustees are members of the Risk Oversight Committee, and Messrs. Braverman and Tufano are Co-Chairmen of the Risk Oversight Committee.

 

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Governance Committee. The Governance Committee oversees general Fund governance-related matters, including making recommendations to the Board of Trustees relating to governance of the Trust, reviewing possible conflicts of interest and independence issues involving Trustees, considering the skill sets and qualifications of prospective Trustees and to propose to the Board candidates to serve as Trustees, overseeing the determination that any person serving as legal counsel for the Independent Trustees qualifies as “independent legal counsel,” as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, and performing any other functions delegated to it by the Board of Trustees. Mr. Glazer and Mr. Braverman are members of the Governance Committee, and Mr. Tufano is an alternate member of the Governance Committee. Mr. Glazer is the Chairman of the Governance Committee.

As described above under “Information About Each Trustee’s Experience, Qualifications, Attributes or Skills for Board Membership,” the Governance Committee has responsibility for recommending to the Board of Trustees the nomination of candidates for election as Trustees, including identifying, and evaluating the skill sets and qualifications of, potential candidates. Prospective nominees may be recommended by the current Trustees, the Trust’s Officers, GMO, current shareholders, or other sources that the Governance Committee deems appropriate. Candidates properly submitted by shareholders will be considered on the same basis as candidates recommended by other sources. The Governance Committee has full discretion to reject nominees who are recommended by shareholders.

The Governance Committee considers a variety of qualifications, skills, and other attributes in evaluating potential candidates for nomination to the Board of Trustees. The attributes considered may include, but are not limited to: (i) relevant industry and related experience, including experience serving on other boards; (ii) skill sets, areas of expertise, abilities, and judgment; and (iii) availability and commitment to attend meetings and to perform the responsibilities of a Trustee. In evaluating potential candidates, the Governance Committee also considers the overall composition of the Board of Trustees and assesses the needs of the Board and its committees.

Shareholders may recommend nominees to the Board of Trustees by writing the Board of Trustees, c/o GMO Trust Chief Compliance Officer, GMO Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. A recommendation must (i) be in writing and signed by the shareholder, (ii) identify the Fund to which it relates, and (iii) identify the class and number of shares held by the shareholder.

Trustee Fund Ownership

The following table sets forth ranges of the current Trustees’ direct beneficial share ownership in the Funds and the aggregate dollar ranges of their direct beneficial share ownership in all series of GMO Trust and GMO Series Trust (the “Family of Investment Companies”) as of December 31, 2012.

 

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Name/Funds

  

Dollar Range of

Shares Directly Owned in

the Funds

  

Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares

Directly Owned in all

Registered Investment Companies

(whether or not offered in the

Prospectus) Overseen by Trustee in

Family of Investment Companies

INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES

     

Donald W. Glazer

Alpha Only Fund

Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund

Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund

Emerging Markets Fund

Global Focused Equity Fund

Quality Fund

  

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

$10,001-$50,000

   Over $100,000

Peter Tufano

   None    None

Paul Braverman

   None    None

INTERESTED TRUSTEE

     

Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr.

Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund

   $50,001 - $100,000    $50,001-$100,000

The following table sets forth ranges of Mr. Glazer’s and Mr. Kittredge’s indirect beneficial share ownership in the Funds and the aggregate dollar range of their indirect beneficial share ownership in the Family of Investment Companies as of December 31, 2012.

 

Name/Funds

  

Dollar Range of

Shares Indirectly Owned

in the Funds

  

Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares

Indirectly Owned in all

Registered Investment Companies

(whether or not offered in the

Prospectus) Overseen by Trustee in

Family of Investment Companies

INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES

     

Donald W. Glazer

Alpha Only Fund

Emerging Country Debt Fund

Flexible Equities Fund

International Growth Equity Fund

International Intrinsic Value Fund

Short-Duration Collateral Fund

U.S. Core Equity Fund

U.S. Treasury Fund

  

$10,001-$50,000

$1-$10,000

$1-$10,000

Over $100,000

Over $100,000

$1-$10,000

Over $100,000

$50,001-$100,000

   Over $100,000

INTERESTED TRUSTEE

     

Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr.

Short-Duration Collateral Fund

   $50,001- $100,000    $50,001-$100,000

 

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Trustee Ownership of Securities Issued by the Manager or Principal Underwriter

None.

Trustee Ownership of Related Companies

The following table sets forth information about securities owned by the current Independent Trustees and their family members, as of December 31, 2012, in the Manager, Funds Distributor, LLC, the Funds’ principal underwriter, or entities directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Manager or Funds Distributor, LLC.

 

Name of Non-

Interested

Trustee

  

Name of
Owner(s) and
Relationship
to Trustee

  

Company

  

Title of

Class

   Value of
Securities²
     % of
Class
 

Donald W. Glazer

   Self   

GMO Multi-Strategy

Fund (Offshore), a

private investment

company managed

by the Manager1

  

Limited

partnership

interest – Class A

   $ 1,229,749.75         0.031

Peter Tufano

   N/A    None    N/A      N/A         N/A   

Paul Braverman

   N/A    None    N/A      N/A         N/A   

 

1  The Manager may be deemed to “control” this fund by virtue of its serving as investment manager of the fund and by virtue of its ownership of all the outstanding voting shares of the fund as of December 31, 2012.
2  Securities valued as of December 31, 2012.

Remuneration. The Trust has adopted a compensation policy for its Independent Trustees. Each Independent Trustee receives an annual retainer from the Trust for his services. In addition, each Chairman of the Trust’s standing committees and the Chairman of the Board of Trustees receive an annual fee. Each Independent Trustee also is paid a fee for participating in in-person and telephone meetings of the Board of Trustees and its committees, and a fee for consideration of actions proposed to be taken by written consent. The Trust reimburses the Independent Trustees for travel expenses incurred in connection with attending Board and committee meetings. The Trust pays no additional compensation for travel time to meetings, attendance at director’s educational seminars or conferences, service on industry or association committees, participation as speakers at directors’ conferences, or service on special director task forces or subcommittees, although the Trust does reimburse Independent Trustees for seminar or conference fees and for travel expenses incurred in connection with attendance at seminars or conferences. The Independent Trustees do not receive any employee benefits such as pension or retirement benefits or health insurance.

 

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Other than as set forth in the following table, no Trustee of the Trust received any direct compensation from the Fund Complex or any Fund during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2013:

 

     Donald W.
Glazer, Esq.,
Trustee
     Peter
Tufano,

Trustee
     Paul
Braverman,

Trustee
 

Compensation from Each Fund:

        

U.S. Core Equity Fund

   $ 5,133       $ 4,099       $ 3,911   

 

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Table of Contents
     Donald W.
Glazer, Esq.,
Trustee
    Peter
Tufano,

Trustee
    Paul
Braverman,

Trustee
 

U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund

   $ 35      $ 28      $ 26   

U.S. Growth Fund

   $ 9      $ 7      $ 7   

U.S. Small/Mid Cap Fund

   $ 32      $ 26      $ 25   

Real Estate Fund

   $ 53      $ 43      $ 41   

International Core Equity Fund

   $ 14,601      $ 11,627      $ 11,096   

International Intrinsic Value Fund

   $ 28,626      $ 22,813      $ 21,758   

International Large/Mid Cap Value Fund

   $ 1,669 1    $ 1,338 1    $ 1,278 1 

International Growth Equity Fund

   $ 8,938      $ 7,129      $ 6,809   

International Small Companies Fund

   $ 1,176      $ 938      $ 896   

Asset Allocation International Small Companies Fund

   $ 837 1    $ 671 1    $ 641 1 

Tax-Managed International Equities Fund

   $ 1,687      $ 1,345      $ 1,284   

Foreign Fund

   $ 3,031      $ 2,426      $ 2,314   

Foreign Small Companies Fund

   $ 2,145      $ 1,707      $ 1,628   

Emerging Markets Fund

   $ 37,267      $ 29,713      $ 28,359   

Emerging Countries Fund

   $ 592      $ 472      $ 450   

Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund

   $ 3,400      $ 2,708      $ 2,577   

Taiwan Fund

   $ 223      $ 178      $ 170   

Flexible Equities Fund

   $ 3,681      $ 2,939      $ 2,808   

Resources Fund

   $ 99      $ 79      $ 75   

Currency Hedged International Equity Fund

   $ 9,119      $ 7,284      $ 6,950   

Quality Fund

   $ 56,567      $ 45,466      $ 43,348   

Global Focused Equity Fund

   $ 24      $ 19      $ 18   

Developed World Stock Fund

   $ 1,212      $ 967      $ 922   

Risk Premium Fund

   $ 524      $ 399      $ 382   

Domestic Bond Fund

   $ 940      $ 752      $ 718   

Core Plus Bond Fund

   $ 847      $ 676      $ 645   

International Bond Fund

   $ 254      $ 203      $ 194   

Strategic Fixed Income Fund

   $ 7,169      $ 5,714      $ 5,461   

Currency Hedged International Bond Fund

   $ 247      $ 197      $ 188   

Global Bond Fund

   $ 580      $ 463      $ 441   

Emerging Country Debt Fund

   $ 10,078      $ 8,693      $ 8,450   

Short-Duration Collateral Fund

   $ 3,399      $ 2,719      $ 2,594   

 

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     Donald W.
Glazer, Esq.,
Trustee
    Peter
Tufano,

Trustee
    Paul
Braverman,

Trustee
 

Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund

   $ 125      $ 100      $ 95   

U.S. Treasury Fund

   $ 8,850      $ 7,070      $ 6,730   

Asset Allocation Bond Fund

   $ 546      $ 432      $ 414   

Asset Allocation International Bond Fund

   $ 184 1    $ 148 1    $ 141 1 

U.S. Equity Allocation Fund

   $ 268      $ 214      $ 204   

International Equity Allocation Fund

   $ 4,621      $ 3,684      $ 3,516   

International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

   $ 2,993      $ 2,386      $ 2,276   

Global Equity Allocation Fund

   $ 6,651      $ 5,308      $ 5,059   

World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

   $ 4,894      $ 3,895      $ 3,720   

Global Asset Allocation Fund

   $ 14,467      $ 11,528      $ 10,996   

Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund

   $ 7,369      $ 5,878      $ 5,609   

Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund

   $ 8,721      $ 7,420      $ 7,185   

Alpha Only Fund

   $ 9,871      $ 7,853      $ 7,492   

Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses:

     N/A        N/A        N/A   

Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement:

     N/A        N/A        N/A   

Total Compensation from the Fund Complex:

   $ 313,345 2    $ 251,125 2    $ 239,965 2 

 

1  Reflects an estimate of the direct compensation to be paid to each Trustee for the Fund’s initial fiscal year ending February 28, 2014. Actual direct compensation paid to the Trustees will vary depending on the net assets of the Fund throughout its initial fiscal year.
2 Reflects actual direct compensation received during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2013 from series of the Fund Complex that had commenced operations on or before February 28, 2013, which consisted of 54 series of GMO Trust and GMO Series Trust.

No officer of the Trust received aggregate compensation exceeding $60,000 from any Fund offered in the Prospectus during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2013.

Mr. Kittredge does not receive any compensation from the Fund Complex, but as a member of the Manager will benefit from management, shareholder servicing, administration, and any other fees paid to GMO and its affiliates by the Funds and various other series of the Fund Complex not offered through the Prospectus. The officers of the Trust do not receive any employee benefits such as pension or retirement benefits or health insurance from the Trust.

As of June 7, 2013, the Trustees and officers of the Trust as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each class of shares of each Fund offered in the Prospectus, with the exception of Global Focused Equity Fund of which the Trustees and officers of the Trust as a group owned 2.57% of the outstanding shares.

 

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Code of Ethics. The Trust and the Manager have each adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to the requirements of the 1940 Act. Under each Code of Ethics, personnel are permitted to engage in personal securities transactions only in accordance with specified conditions relating to their position, the identity of the security, the timing of the transaction, and similar factors. Transactions in securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds are permitted, subject to compliance with each Code. Personal securities transactions must be reported quarterly and broker confirmations must be provided for review.

The non-interested Trustees of the Trust are subject to a separate Code of Ethics for the Independent Trustees pursuant to the requirements of the 1940 Act. Transactions by the Independent Trustees in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds, are permitted, subject to compliance with the Code of Ethics. Pursuant to the Code of Ethics, an Independent Trustee ordinarily is not required to report his or her personal securities transactions or to identify his or her brokerage accounts to a Fund or its representatives, subject to certain limited exceptions specified in the Code of Ethics.

The Funds’ principal underwriter, which is not affiliated with the Funds or the Manager, also has adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to the requirements of the 1940 Act. Transactions in securities effected by the principal underwriter’s personnel who are designated as Access Persons under the Code of Ethics, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds, are permitted, subject to compliance with the Code of Ethics.

INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES

Management Contracts

As disclosed in each Prospectus under the heading “Management of the Trust,” under separate Management Contracts (each, a “Management Contract”) between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, and the Manager, subject to such policies as the Trustees of the Trust may determine, the Manager furnishes continuously an investment or asset allocation program, as applicable, for each Fund, and makes investment decisions on behalf of the Fund and places all orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities. Subject to the control of the Trustees, the Manager also manages, supervises, and conducts the other affairs and business of the Trust, furnishes office space and equipment, provides bookkeeping and certain clerical services, and pays all salaries, fees, and expenses of officers and Trustees of the Trust who are affiliated with the Manager. As indicated under “Portfolio Transactions – Brokerage and Research Services,” the Trust’s portfolio transactions may be placed with broker-dealers who furnish the Manager, at no cost, research, statistical and quotation services of value to the Manager in advising the Trust or its other clients.

In addition, as disclosed in the Prospectus, the Manager has contractually agreed to waive and/or reimburse each Fund (other than Risk Premium Fund) for specified Fund expenses through at least June 30, 2014 and Risk Premium Fund through at least September 25, 2014.

 

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Each Management Contract provides that the Manager shall not be subject to any liability in connection with the performance of its services in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties.

Each Management Contract was approved by the Trustees of the Trust (including a majority of the Trustees who were not “interested persons” of the Manager) and by the relevant Fund’s sole initial shareholder in connection with the organization of the Trust and the establishment of the Funds. Generally, each Management Contract continues in effect for a period of two years from the date of its execution and continuously thereafter so long as its continuance is approved at least annually by (i) the vote, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose, of a majority of those Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Manager or the Trust, and by (ii) the majority vote of either the full Board of Trustees or the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the relevant Fund. Each Management Contract automatically terminates on assignment, and is terminable on not more than 60 days’ notice by the Trust to the Manager. In addition, each Management Contract may be terminated on not more than 60 days’ written notice by the Manager to the Trust.

For each Fund, the Management Fee is calculated based on a fixed percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets. Pursuant to their Management Contracts, the Funds that commenced operations prior to the end of the most recent fiscal year have paid the following amounts as Management Fees to the Manager during the last three fiscal years:

 

     Gross      Reduction      Net  

U.S. CORE EQUITY FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 4,435,262       $ 353,083       $ 4,082,179   

Year ended 2/29/12

     4,510,656         397,915         4,112,741   

Year ended 2/28/11

     5,590,136         462,010         5,128,126   

U.S. INTRINSIC VALUE FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 30,219       $ 30,219       $ 0   

Year ended 2/29/12

     26,513         26,513         0   

Year ended 2/28/11

     22,894         22,894         0   

U.S. GROWTH FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 7,750       $ 7,750       $ 0   

Year ended 2/29/12

     7,880         7,880         0   

Year ended 2/28/11

     24,909         24,909         0   

 

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     Gross      Reduction      Net  

U.S. SMALL/MID CAP FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 33,273       $ 33,273       $ 0   

Year ended 2/29/12

     19,057         19,057         0   

Year ended 2/28/11

     36,411         36,411         0   

REAL ESTATE FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 48,075       $ 48,075       $ 0   

Year ended 2/29/12

     51,114         51,114         0   

Year ended 2/28/11

     46,701         46,701         0   

INTERNATIONAL CORE EQUITY FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 15,716,166       $ 2,020,859       $ 13,695,307   

Year ended 2/29/12

     17,304,936         2,053,713         15,251,223   

Year ended 2/28/11

     19,031,077         2,368,383         16,662,694   

INTERNATIONAL INTRINSIC VALUE FUND

  

     

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 40,501,597       $ 3,521,901       $ 36,979,696   

Year ended 2/29/12

     30,163,808         2,767,545         27,396,263   

Year ended 2/28/11

     27,515,694         2,635,948         24,879,746   

INTERNATIONAL LARGE/MID CAP VALUE FUND

  

     

Year ended 2/28/13

     N/A         N/A         N/A   

Year ended 2/29/12

     N/A         N/A         N/A   

Year ended 2/28/11

     N/A         N/A         N/A   

INTERNATIONAL GROWTH EQUITY FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 12,421,776       $ 1,302,946       $ 11,118,830   

Year ended 2/29/12

     15,654,407         1,497,943         14,156,464   

Year ended 2/28/11

     16,070,186         1,699,570         14,370,616   

INTERNATIONAL SMALL COMPANIES FUND

  

     

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 1,957,957       $ 563,927       $ 1,394,030   

Year ended 2/29/12

     2,458,266         560,318         1,897,948   

Year ended 2/28/11

     3,438,346         682,947         2,755,399   

 

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     Gross      Reduction      Net  

ASSET ALLOCATION INTERNATIONAL SMALL COMPANIES FUND

  

Year ended 2/28/13

     N/A         N/A         N/A   

Year ended 2/29/12

     N/A         N/A         N/A   

Year ended 2/28/11

     N/A         N/A         N/A   

TAX-MANAGED INTERNATIONAL EQUITIES FUND

  

  

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 2,363,460       $ 549,076       $ 1,814,384   

Year ended 2/29/12

     2,664,374         567,828         2,096,546   

Year ended 2/28/11

     2,785,950         594,364         2,191,586   

FOREIGN FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 5,006,034       $ 610,148       $ 4,395,886   

Year ended 2/29/12

     9,794,847         1,237,743         8,557,104   

Year ended 2/28/11

     17,190,364         1,694,649         15,495,715   

FOREIGN SMALL COMPANIES FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 4,292,084       $ 584,519       $ 3,707,565   

Year ended 2/29/12

     3,836,361         542,145         3,294,216   

Year ended 2/28/11

     3,275,076         640,544         2,634,532   

EMERGING MARKETS FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 78,738,177       $ 3,114,809       $ 75,623,368   

Year ended 2/29/12

     83,499,627         3,349,150         80,150,477   

Year ended 2/28/11

     81,259,560         3,372,015         77,887,545   

EMERGING COUNTRIES FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 1,082,793       $ 350,056       $ 732,737   

Year ended 2/29/12

     1,409,836         304,946         1,104,890   

Year ended 2/28/11

     1,585,171         372,021         1,213,150   

EMERGING DOMESTIC OPPORTUNITIES FUND

  

     

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 7,393,443       $ 335,112       $ 7,058,331   

Year ended 2/29/12

     1,382,127         464,669         917,458   

Year ended 2/28/11

     N/A         N/A         N/A   

 

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     Gross      Reduction      Net  

TAIWAN FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 502,467       $ 90       $ 502,377   

Year ended 2/29/12

     862,048         0         862,048   

Year ended 2/28/11

     704,051         0         704,051   

FLEXIBLE EQUITIES FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 5,594,477       $ 681,120       $ 4,913,357   

Year ended 2/29/12

     5,480,882         718,375         4,762,507   

Year ended 2/28/11

     2,008,166         419,570         1,588,596   

RESOURCES FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 140,623       $ 140,623       $ 0   

Year ended 2/29/121

     6,372         6,372         0   

Year ended 2/28/11

     N/A         N/A         N/A   

CURRENCY HEDGED INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUND

  

  

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 13,673,401       $ 12,838,313       $ 835,088   

Year ended 2/29/12

     4,591,154         4,461,803         129,351   

Year ended 2/28/11

     1,788,494         1,788,494         0   

QUALITY FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 50,332,073       $ 2,494,490       $ 47,837,583   

Year ended 2/29/12

     56,084,141         2,647,128         53,437,013   

Year ended 2/28/11

     49,119,693         2,676,518         46,443,175   

GLOBAL FOCUSED EQUITY FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 40,602       $ 40,602       $ 0   

Year ended 2/29/122

     6,159         6,159         0   

Year ended 2/28/11

     N/A         N/A         N/A   

DEVELOPED WORLD STOCK FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 1,529,723       $ 371,785       $ 1,157,938   

Year ended 2/29/12

     1,585,402         371,304         1,214,098   

Year ended 2/28/11

     1,628,921         386,001         1,242,920   

 

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     Gross      Reduction      Net  

RISK PREMIUM FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/133

   $ 644,707       $ 135,845       $ 508,862   

Year ended 2/29/12

     N/A         N/A         N/A   

Year ended 2/28/11

     N/A         N/A         N/A   

DOMESTIC BOND FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 257,169       $ 250,063       $ 7,106   

Year ended 2/29/12

     403,294         348,548         54,746   

Year ended 2/28/11

     652,930         507,029         145,901   

CORE PLUS BOND FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 591,413       $ 304,138       $ 287,275   

Year ended 2/29/12

     583,928         281,498         302,430   

Year ended 2/28/11

     786,320         328,877         457,443   

INTERNATIONAL BOND FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 177,913       $ 177,913       $ 0   

Year ended 2/29/12

     219,504         204,567         14,937   

Year ended 2/28/11

     370,508         232,019         138,489   

STRATEGIC FIXED INCOME FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 4,953,518       $ 703,212       $ 4,250,306   

Year ended 2/29/12

     6,559,020         850,990         5,708,030   

Year ended 2/28/11

     5,427,956         724,011         4,703,945   

CURRENCY HEDGED INTERNATIONAL BOND FUND

  

     

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 172,393       $ 172,393       $ 0   

Year ended 2/29/12

     182,342         180,906         1,436   

Year ended 2/28/11

     317,038         207,281         109,757   

GLOBAL BOND FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 309,732       $ 154,910       $ 154,822   

Year ended 2/29/12

     358,650         157,937         200,713   

Year ended 2/28/11

     398,586         131,619         266,967   

 

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     Gross      Reduction      Net  

EMERGING COUNTRY DEBT FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 6,763,514       $ 1,838       $ 6,761,676   

Year ended 2/29/12

     5,893,210         0         5,893,210   

Year ended 2/28/11

     6,607,898         0         6,607,898   

SHORT-DURATION COLLATERAL FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 0       $ 0       $ 0   

Year ended 2/29/12

     0         0         0   

Year ended 2/28/11

     0         0         0   

SHORT-DURATION COLLATERAL SHARE FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 17,507       $ 17,507       $ 0   

Year ended 2/29/12

     16,810         16,810         0   

Year ended 2/28/11

     16,971         16,971         0   

U.S. TREASURY FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 2,010,059       $ 2,010,059       $ 0   

Year ended 2/29/12

     1,655,406         1,655,406         0   

Year ended 2/28/11

     835,483         835,483         0   

ASSET ALLOCATION BOND FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 386,890       $ 115,037       $ 271,853   

Year ended 2/29/12

     1,113,274         196,596         916,678   

Year ended 2/28/11

     1,577,619         224,192         1,353,427   

ASSET ALLOCATION INTERNATIONAL BOND FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

     N/A         N/A         N/A   

Year ended 2/29/12

     N/A         N/A         N/A   

Year ended 2/28/11

     N/A         N/A         N/A   

U.S. EQUITY ALLOCATION FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 0       $ 0       $ 0   

Year ended 2/29/12

     0         0         0   

Year ended 2/28/11

     0         0         0   

 

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     Gross      Reduction      Net  

INTERNATIONAL EQUITY ALLOCATION FUND

  

  

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 0       $ 0       $ 0   

Year ended 2/29/12

     0         0         0   

Year ended 2/28/11

     0         0         0   

INTERNATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES EQUITY ALLOCATION FUND

  

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 0       $ 0       $ 0   

Year ended 2/29/12

     0         0         0   

Year ended 2/28/11

     0         0         0   

GLOBAL EQUITY ALLOCATION FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 0       $ 0       $ 0   

Year ended 2/29/12

     0         0         0   

Year ended 2/28/11

     0         0         0   

WORLD OPPORTUNITIES EQUITY ALLOCATION FUND

  

  

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 0       $ 0       $ 0   

Year ended 2/29/12

     0         0         0   

Year ended 2/28/11

     0         0         0   

GLOBAL ASSET ALLOCATION FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 0       $ 0       $ 0   

Year ended 2/29/12

     0         0         0   

Year ended 2/28/11

     0         0         0   

STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITIES ALLOCATION FUND

  

  

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 0       $ 0       $ 0   

Year ended 2/29/12

     0         0         0   

Year ended 2/28/11

     0         0         0   

BENCHMARK-FREE ALLOCATION FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 12,139,663       $ 4,446,079       $ 7,693,584   

Year ended 2/29/12

     69,903         69,903         0   

Year ended 2/28/11

     0         0         0   

 

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     Gross      Reduction      Net  

ALPHA ONLY FUND

        

Year ended 2/28/13

   $ 14,060,557       $ 10,623,001       $ 3,437,556   

Year ended 2/29/12

     11,481,439         8,548,013         2,933,426   

Year ended 2/28/11

     9,125,313         7,150,671         1,974,642   

 

1  Reflects Management Fees paid from the Fund’s commencement of operations on December 28, 2011 through February 29, 2012.
2  Reflects Management Fees paid from the Fund’s commencement of operations on December 1, 2011 through February 29, 2012.
3  Reflects Management Fees paid from the Fund’s commencement of operations on November 15, 2012 through February 28, 2013.

In the event that the Manager ceases to be the manager of a Fund, the right of the Trust to use the identifying name “GMO” may be withdrawn.

Portfolio Management

Management of each Fund is the responsibility of one or more investment divisions comprising investment professionals associated with the Manager. Each division’s members work collaboratively to manage a Fund’s portfolio, and no one person is primarily responsible for management of any Fund.

The following table sets forth information about accounts overseen or managed by the senior members of the divisions as of February 28, 2013.

 

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Table of Contents

Senior Member

   Registered investment companies managed
(including non-GMO mutual  fund
subadvisory relationships)
     Other pooled investment vehicles
managed (world-wide)
     Separate accounts managed
(world-wide)
 
     Number of
accounts1
   Total assets1      Number of
accounts
   Total assets      Number of
accounts
   Total assets  

Amit Bhartia

   1    $ 1,629,700,120.77       0    $ 0       0    $ 0   

Thomas Cooper

   12    $ 5,805,125,285.35       11    $ 3,181,744,898.83       5    $ 515,633,140.25   

David Cowan

   23    $ 46,653,720,097.37       8    $ 3,699,878,727.29       39    $ 8,037,940,857.54   

Arjun Divecha

   4    $ 11,939,443,206.73       3    $ 688,126,637.79       8    $ 3,249,461,082.19   

Domenic Esposito

   1    $ 8,709,994.22       0    $ 0       0    $ 0   

Greg Shell

   1    $ 8,709,994.22       0    $ 0       0    $ 0   

Thomas Hancock

   1    $ 959,748,883.83       0    $ 0       0    $ 0   

Anthony Hene

   23    $ 46,653,720,097.37       8    $ 3,699,878,727.29       39    $ 8,037,940,857.54   

Ben Inker

   1    $ 360,369,621.31       0    $ 0       0    $ 0   

Drew Spangler

   20    $ 22,555,022,441.96       9    $ 4,295,237,117.01       214    $ 17,033,956,788.82   

Sam Wilderman

   3    $ 1,323,045,626.84       2    $ 1,783,553,869.91       7    $ 3,738,585,745.00   

 

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Table of Contents
     Registered investment companies managed
for which GMO receives a performance-
based fee (including non-GMO mutual fund
subadvisory relationships)
     Other pooled investment vehicles
managed (world-wide) for which  GMO
receives a performance-based fee
     Separate accounts managed (world-wide)
for which GMO receives a  performance-

based fee
 
   Number of
accounts
   Total assets      Number of
accounts
   Total assets      Number of
accounts
   Total assets  

Amit Bhartia

   0    $ 0       0    $ 0       0    $ 0   

Thomas Cooper

   0    $ 0       2    $ 1,143,236,409.60       1    $ 335,083,175.32   

David Cowan

   0    $ 0       2    $ 1,795,013,248.26       7    $ 1,757,019,149.29   

Arjun Divecha

   0    $ 0       0    $ 0       1    $ 573,989,143.62   

Domenic Esposito

   0    $ 0       0    $ 0       0    $ 0   

Greg Shell

   0    $ 0       0    $ 0       0    $ 0   

Thomas Hancock

   0    $ 0       0    $ 0       0    $ 0   

Anthony Hene

   0    $ 0       2    $ 1,795,013,248.26       7    $ 1,757,019,149.29   

Ben Inker

   0    $ 0       0    $ 0       0    $ 0   

Drew Spangler

   0    $ 0       0    $ 0       156    $ 11,701,162,122.73   

Sam Wilderman

   0    $ 0       0    $ 0       3    $ 2,282,258,880.00   

 

1  For some senior members, “Total assets” includes assets invested by other GMO Funds (including GMO Funds not offered through the Prospectus).

 

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Table of Contents

Because each senior member manages other accounts, including accounts that pay higher fees or accounts that pay performance-based fees, potential conflicts of interest exist, including potential conflicts between the investment strategy of a Fund and the investment strategy of the other accounts managed by the senior member and potential conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities between a Fund and the other accounts.

Senior members of each division are generally members (partners) of GMO. As of February 28, 2013, the compensation of each senior member consisted of a fixed annual base salary, a partnership interest in the firm’s profits and, possibly, an additional, discretionary, bonus related to the senior member’s contribution to GMO’s success. The compensation program does not disproportionately reward outperformance by higher-fee/performance-fee products. Base salary is determined by taking into account current industry norms and market data to ensure that GMO pays a competitive base salary. The level of partnership interest is determined by taking into account the individual’s contribution to GMO and its mission statement. A discretionary bonus also may be paid to recognize specific business contributions and to ensure that the total level of compensation is competitive with the market. Because each person’s compensation is based on his or her individual performance, GMO does not have a typical percentage split among base salary, bonus, and other compensation. A GMO membership interest is the primary incentive for persons to maintain employment with GMO. GMO believes this is the best incentive to maintain stability of portfolio management personnel.

Senior Member Fund Ownership. The following table sets forth the dollar range of each senior member’s direct beneficial share ownership, as of February 28, 2013, of Funds offered in the Prospectus that were overseen or managed by the senior member as of February 28, 2013:

 

Name of Senior Member

  

Dollar Range of Shares Directly Owned in the Fund

Amit Bhartia

   Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund    $500,001-$1,000,000

Thomas Cooper

  

Domestic Bond Fund

Core Plus Bond Fund

International Bond Fund

Strategic Fixed Income Fund

Currency Hedged International Bond Fund

Global Bond Fund

Emerging Country Debt Fund

Short-Duration Collateral Fund

Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund

U.S. Treasury Fund

Asset Allocation Bond Fund

Asset Allocation International Bond Fund

  

None

None

Over $1,000,000

None

None

None

None

None

Over $1,000,000

None

None

None

David Cowan

  

U.S. Core Equity Fund

U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund

U.S. Growth Fund

U.S. Small/Mid Cap Fund

Real Estate Fund

  

None

None

None

None

None

 

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Table of Contents

Name of Senior Member

  

Dollar Range of Shares Directly Owned in the Fund

  

International Core Equity Fund

International Intrinsic Value Fund

International Large/Mid Cap Value Fund

International Growth Equity Fund

International Small Companies Fund

Asset Allocation International Small Companies Fund

Tax-Managed International Equities Fund

Flexible Equities Fund

Resources Fund

Quality Fund

Developed World Stock Fund

Risk Premium Fund

  

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

Arjun Divecha

  

Emerging Markets Fund

Emerging Countries Fund

Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund

Taiwan Fund

  

Over $1,000,000

None

Over $1,000,000

None

Domenic Esposito

   Global Focused Equity Fund    Over $1,000,000

Greg Shell

   Global Focused Equity Fund    None

Thomas Hancock

  

U.S. Core Equity Fund

U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund

U.S. Growth Fund

U.S. Small/Mid Cap Fund

Real Estate Fund

International Core Equity Fund

International Intrinsic Value Fund

International Large/Mid Cap Value Fund

International Growth Equity Fund

International Small Companies Fund

Asset Allocation International Small Companies Fund

Tax-Managed International Equities Fund

Flexible Equities Fund

Resources Fund

Quality Fund

Developed World Stock Fund

Risk Premium Fund

  

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

Over $1,000,000

None

Over $1,000,000

None

None

None

Anthony Hene

   Developed World Stock Fund    $100,001-$500,000

Ben Inker

  

Flexible Equities Fund

Resources Fund

Currency Hedged International Equity Fund

Strategic Fixed Income Fund

Asset Allocation Bond Fund

Asset Allocation International Bond Fund

U.S. Equity Allocation Fund

International Equity Allocation Fund

International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

Global Equity Allocation Fund

World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

  

None

$500,001-$1,000,000

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

 

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Table of Contents

Name of Senior Member

  

Dollar Range of Shares Directly Owned in the Fund

  

Global Asset Allocation Fund

Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund

Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund

Alpha Only Fund

  

None

None

Over $1,000,000

None

Drew Spangler

  

Foreign Fund

Foreign Small Companies Fund

Flexible Equities Fund

Global Focused Equity Fund

  

$10,001-$50,000

None

None

$100,001-$500,000

Sam Wilderman

  

Flexible Equities Fund

Resources Fund

Currency Hedged International Equity Fund

Strategic Fixed Income Fund

Asset Allocation Bond Fund

Asset Allocation International Bond Fund

U.S. Equity Allocation Fund

International Equity Allocation Fund

International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

Global Equity Allocation Fund

World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

Global Asset Allocation Fund

Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund

Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund

Alpha Only Fund

  

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

$500,001-$1,000,000

None

The following table sets forth the dollar range of each senior member’s indirect beneficial share ownership in the Funds that were overseen or managed by the senior member, as of February 28, 2013, by virtue of the senior member’s direct ownership of shares of certain other Funds of the Trust that invest in the Funds:

 

Name of Senior Member

  

Dollar Range of Shares Indirectly Owned in the Fund

Amit Bhartia

  

Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund

   None

Thomas Cooper

  

Domestic Bond Fund

Core Plus Bond Fund

International Bond Fund

Strategic Fixed Income Fund

Currency Hedged International Bond Fund

Global Bond Fund

Emerging Country Debt Fund

Short-Duration Collateral Fund

Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund

U.S. Treasury Fund

Asset Allocation Bond Fund

Asset Allocation International Bond Fund

  

None

None

None

None

None

None

$50,001-$100,000

Over $1,000,000

None

$100,001-$500,000

None

None

 

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Table of Contents

Name of Senior Member

  

Dollar Range of Shares Indirectly Owned in the Fund

David Cowan

  

U.S. Core Equity Fund

U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund

U.S. Growth Fund

U.S. Small/Mid Cap Fund

Real Estate Fund

International Core Equity Fund

International Intrinsic Value Fund

International Large/Mid Cap Value Fund

International Growth Equity Fund

International Small Companies Fund

Asset Allocation International Small Companies Fund

Tax-Managed International Equities Fund

Flexible Equities Fund

Resources Fund

Quality Fund

Developed World Stock Fund

Risk Premium Fund

  

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

Arjun Divecha

  

Emerging Markets Fund

Emerging Countries Fund

Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund

Taiwan Fund

  

None

None

None

None

Domenic Esposito

  

Global Focused Equity Fund

   None

Greg Shell

  

Global Focused Equity Fund

   None

Thomas Hancock

  

U.S. Core Equity Fund

U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund

U.S. Growth Fund

U.S. Small/Mid Cap Fund

Real Estate Fund

International Core Equity Fund

International Intrinsic Value Fund

International Large/Mid Cap Value Fund

International Growth Equity Fund

International Small Companies Fund

Asset Allocation International Small Companies Fund

Tax-Managed International Equities Fund

Flexible Equities Fund

Resources Fund

Quality Fund

Developed World Stock Fund

Risk Premium Fund

  

$10,001-$50,000

None

None

None

None

None

$50,001-$100,000

None

$10,001-$50,000

None

None

None

$10,001-$50,000

None

None

None

None

Anthony Hene

  

Developed World Stock Fund

   None

 

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Table of Contents

Name of Senior Member

  

Dollar Range of Shares Indirectly Owned in the Fund

Ben Inker

  

Flexible Equities Fund

Resources Fund

Currency Hedged International Equity Fund

Strategic Fixed Income Fund

Asset Allocation Bond Fund

Asset Allocation International Bond Fund

U.S. Equity Allocation Fund

International Equity Allocation Fund

International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

Global Equity Allocation Fund

World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

Global Asset Allocation Fund

Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund

Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund

Alpha Only Fund

  

$50,001-$100,000

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

$500,001-$1,000,000

Drew Spangler

  

Foreign Fund

Foreign Small Companies Fund

Flexible Equities Fund

Global Focused Equity Fund

  

None

None

None

None

Sam Wilderman

  

Flexible Equities Fund

Resources Fund

Currency Hedged International Equity Fund

Strategic Fixed Income Fund

Asset Allocation Bond Fund

Asset Allocation International Bond Fund

U.S. Equity Allocation Fund

International Equity Allocation Fund

International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

Global Equity Allocation Fund

World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

Global Asset Allocation Fund

Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund

Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund

Alpha Only Fund

  

$10,001-$50,000

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

$100,001-$500,000

Custodial Arrangements and Fund Accounting Agents. As described in the Prospectus, State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street Bank”), One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves as the Trust’s custodian and fund accounting agent on behalf of certain of the Funds, and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. (“BBH”), 40 Water Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109, serves as the Trust’s custodian and fund accounting agent on behalf of the other Funds. As such, State Street Bank or BBH holds in safekeeping certificated securities and cash belonging to a Fund and, in such capacity, is the registered owner of securities in book-entry form belonging to a Fund. Upon instruction, State Street Bank or BBH receives and delivers cash and securities of a Fund in connection with Fund transactions and collects all dividends and other distributions made with respect to Fund portfolio securities. Each of State Street Bank and BBH also maintains certain accounts and records of the Trust and calculates the total net asset value, total net income and net asset value per share of each Fund on a daily basis.

 

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Shareholder Service Arrangements. As disclosed in the Prospectus, pursuant to the terms of an Amended and Restated Servicing and Supplemental Support Agreement (the “Servicing Agreement”) with the Funds of the Trust (except for U.S. Treasury Fund and Short-Duration Collateral Fund), GMO provides (i) direct client service, maintenance, and reporting to Fund shareholders (except for shareholders of Class M shares of Emerging Countries Fund and Class MF shares of Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund) and/or their consultants/agents, and (ii) supplemental support to shareholders of Class MF shares of Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund and their investment advisers. The Servicing Agreement was approved by the Trustees of the Trust (including a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Manager or the Trust). The Servicing Agreement will continue in effect for a period of more than one year from the date of its execution only so long as its continuance is approved at least annually by (i) the vote, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose, of a majority of those Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Manager or the Trust, and (ii) the majority vote of the full Board of Trustees. The Servicing Agreement automatically terminates on assignment (except as specifically provided in the Servicing Agreement) and is terminable by either party upon not more than 60 days’ written notice to the other party.

The Trust entered into the Servicing Agreement with GMO on May 30, 1996. Pursuant to the terms of the Servicing Agreement, each Fund that commenced operations prior to the end of the most recent fiscal year paid GMO the following amounts (after reimbursement by GMO) during the last three fiscal years:

 

     March 1, 2010
Through
February 28,
2011
     March 1, 2011
Through
February 29,
2012
     March 1, 2012
Through
February 28,
2013
 

U.S. Core Equity Fund

   $ 1,541,838       $ 1,110,464       $ 1,018,991   

 

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     March 1, 2010
Through
February 28,
2011
     March 1, 2011
Through
February 29,
2012
     March 1, 2012
Through
February 28,
2013
 

U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund

   $ 11,078       $ 12,829       $ 14,622   

U.S. Growth Fund

   $ 11,211       $ 2,988       $ 2,901   

U.S. Small/Mid Cap Fund

   $ 17,618       $ 9,221       $ 13,543   

Real Estate Fund

   $ 21,228       $ 23,234       $ 21,852   

International Core Equity Fund

   $ 4,001,028       $ 3,603,484       $ 3,442,480   

International Intrinsic Value Fund

   $ 6,511,349       $ 6,799,462       $ 8,585,686   

International Large/Mid Cap Value Fund

     N/A         N/A         N/A   

International Growth Equity Fund

   $ 3,281,786       $ 3,139,434       $ 2,438,189   

International Small Companies Fund

   $ 859,586       $ 614,566       $ 489,489   

Asset Allocation International Small Companies Fund

     N/A         N/A         N/A   

Tax-Managed International

Equities Fund

   $ 835,785       $ 799,312       $ 709,038   

Foreign Fund

   $ 4,069,546       $ 2,377,728       $ 1,215,098   

Foreign Small Companies Fund

   $ 629,961       $ 730,641       $ 824,642   

Emerging Markets Fund

   $ 11,977,615       $ 11,754,976       $ 10,976,818   

Emerging Countries Fund

   $ 314,859       $ 285,280       $ 207,165   

Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund

     N/A       $ 161,922       $ 1,068,794   

 

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     March 1, 2010
Through
February 28,
2011
     March 1, 2011
Through
February 29,
2012
    March 1, 2012
Through
February 28,
2013
 

Taiwan Fund

   $ 130,380       $ 159,638      $ 93,049   

Flexible Equities Fund

   $ 233,986       $ 630,320      $ 631,997   

Resources Fund

     N/A       $ 1,912 (a)    $ 42,187   

Currency Hedged International

Equity Fund

   $ 206,723       $ 530,352      $ 1,563,135   

Quality Fund

   $ 13,272,194       $ 15,689,932      $ 15,583,094   

Global Focused Equities Fund

     N/A       $ 1,540 (b)    $ 10,151   

Developed World Stock Fund

   $ 454,401       $ 433,237      $ 410,004   

Risk Premium Fund

     N/A         N/A      $ 80,524 (c) 

Domestic Bond Fund

   $ 493,812       $ 303,155      $ 193,165   

Core Plus Bond Fund

   $ 330,587       $ 250,227      $ 250,916   

International Bond Fund

   $ 215,197       $ 128,644      $ 103,910   

Strategic Fixed Income Fund

   $ 1,227,005       $ 1,435,974      $ 1,104,096   

Currency Hedged International

Bond Fund

   $ 184,624       $ 107,131      $ 100,571   

Global Bond Fund

   $ 304,862       $ 276,645      $ 237,394   

Emerging Country Debt Fund

   $ 2,159,308       $ 1,985,528      $ 2,191,053   

Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund

   $ 50,912       $ 50,429      $ 52,522   

 

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March 1, 2010

Through

February 28,
2011

     March 1, 2011
Through
February 29,
2012
     March 1, 2012
Through
February 28,
2013
 

Asset Allocation Bond Fund

   $ 386,428       $ 315,474       $ 154,182   

Asset Allocation International Bond Fund

     N/A         N/A         N/A   

U.S. Equity Allocation Fund

   $ 0       $ 0       $ 0   

International Equity Allocation Fund

   $ 0       $ 0       $ 0   

International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

   $ 0       $ 0       $ 0   

Global Equity Allocation Fund

   $ 0       $ 0       $ 0   

World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

   $ 0       $ 0       $ 0   

Global Asset Allocation Fund

   $ 0       $ 0       $ 0   

Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund

   $ 0       $ 0       $ 0   

Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund

   $ 0       $ 23,019       $ 1,262,777   

Alpha Only Fund

   $ 689,477       $ 894,177       $ 1,040,938   

 

(a) Reflects fees paid from the Fund’s commencement of operations on December 28, 2011 through February 29, 2012.
(b) Reflects fees paid from the Fund’s commencement of operations on December 1, 2011 through February 29, 2012.
(c) Reflects fees paid from the Fund’s commencement of operations on November 15, 2012 through February 28, 2013.

Administrative Arrangements. GMO serves as the Trust’s administrator for Class M shareholders of Emerging Countries Fund. In this capacity, GMO provides administrative

 

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support service to such shareholders including processing orders, processing dividend payments, assisting with shareholder communications, recordkeeping and reporting. GMO may provide these services directly, or may contract with third party service providers to provide any or all of these services.

The Trust, on behalf of the Class M Shares of Emerging Countries Fund, entered into an Administration Agreement with GMO on August 17, 2000. Pursuant to the terms of this Administration Agreement, Class M Shares of Emerging Countries Fund paid GMO the following amounts with respect to the last three fiscal years:

 

March 1, 2010

Through

February 28, 2011

  

March 1, 2011

Through

February 29, 2012

  

March 1, 2012 Through
February 28, 2013

$67,933    $53,423    $56,947

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. The Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm is PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 125 High Street Boston, Massachusetts 02110. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP conducts annual audits of the Trust’s financial statements, assists in the preparation of each Fund’s federal and state income tax returns, consults with the Trust as to matters of accounting and federal and state income taxation, provides assistance in connection with the preparation of various SEC filings, and consults with the Trust as to certain non-U.S. tax matters.

Distributor. Funds Distributor, LLC, 10 High Street, Suite 302, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, serves as the Trust’s distributor on behalf of the Funds. GMO pays all distribution-related expenses of the Funds (other than distribution fees paid pursuant to the Distribution and Service (12b-1) Plan for Class M Shares or administrative fees related thereto). Funds Distributor, LLC offers shares of each Fund for sale on a continuous basis and will use all reasonable efforts in connection with distribution of shares of the Funds.

Counsel. Ropes & Gray LLP, Prudential Tower, 800 Boylston Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02199, serves as counsel to the Trust. Bingham McCutchen LLP, 150 Federal Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, serves as independent counsel to the non-interested Trustees of the Trust.

Transfer Agent. State Street Bank serves as the Trust’s transfer agent on behalf of the Funds.

DISTRIBUTION (12b-1) PLAN

The Trust has adopted a Rule 12b-1 distribution and service plan (the “Plan”) with respect to Class M Shares of Emerging Countries Fund. The principal features of the Plan are described in the Prospectus. This SAI contains additional information that may be of interest to investors.

The Trust will pay to the principal distributor of the Trust’s shares (the “Distributor”) fees for services rendered and expenses borne by the Distributor that are primarily intended to result in

 

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the sale of Emerging Countries Fund’s Class M Shares and/or the provision of certain other services incidental thereto to the Fund’s Class M shareholders, at an annual rate not to exceed 1.00% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to its Class M Shares. The Trustees currently limit payments on Class M Shares to 0.25% of Emerging Countries Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to its Class M Shares. Such fees shall be accrued daily and paid quarterly or at such other intervals as the Trustees shall determine.

The Trust or the Distributor may enter into servicing arrangements with participating or introducing brokers, banks, and other financial intermediaries and the Distributor may direct the Fund to pay the service fees to such financial intermediaries directly.

The Trust, on behalf of Class M Shares of Emerging Countries Fund, paid the Distributor the following amounts with respect to the last three fiscal years:

 

March 1, 2010

Through

February 28, 2011

  

March 1, 2011

Through

February 29, 2012

  

March 1, 2012 Through
February 28, 2013

$84,917    $66,778    $71,184

The fees may be spent by the Distributor for services that are primarily intended to result in the sale of Emerging Countries Fund’s Class M Shares and/or the provision of certain other services incidental thereto to the Fund’s Class M shareholders (but will generally not be spent on recordkeeping charges, accounting expenses, transfer costs, custodian fees or direct client service, maintenance, or reporting to recordholders of Class M Shares). The Distributor’s expenditures may include, but shall not be limited to, compensation to, and expenses (including telephone and overhead expenses) of, financial consultants or other employees of the Distributor or of participating or introducing brokers, banks, and other financial intermediaries who render ongoing advice concerning the suitability of particular investment opportunities offered by the Trust in light of Class M shareholders’ needs, who provide and maintain elective Class M shareholder services such as check writing and wire transfer services, who provide and maintain pre-authorized investment plans for Class M shareholders, who act as sole shareholder of record and nominee for Class M shareholders, who respond to inquiries from Class M shareholders relating to such services, who train personnel in the provision of such services, or who provide such similar services as permitted under applicable statutes, rules or regulations.

Continuance of the Plan is subject to annual approval by a vote of the Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Funds and who have no direct or indirect interest in the Plan or related arrangements (the “Independent Trustees”), cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose. All material amendments to the Plan also must be approved by the Trustees and the Independent Trustees, including any amendment to increase materially the costs that Emerging Countries Fund may bear for distribution pursuant to the Plan.

The Plan may be terminated at any time with respect to the Class M Shares of Emerging Countries Fund by a vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by a vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding Class M voting securities.

 

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Any agreement relating to the implementation of the Plan with respect to Emerging Countries Fund shall be in writing, shall terminate automatically in the event of its assignment, and may be terminated without penalty, at any time, by a vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by a vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding Class M voting securities, upon 60 days written notice.

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS

Decisions to buy and sell portfolio securities for each Fund and for each of its other investment advisory clients are made by the Manager with a view to achieving each client’s investment objectives taking into consideration other account-specific factors such as, without limitation, cash flows into or out of the account, current holdings, the account’s benchmark(s), applicable regulatory limitations, liquidity, cash restrictions, applicable transaction documentation requirements, market registration requirements, and/or time constraints limiting the Manager’s ability to confirm adequate transaction documentation or seek interpretation of investment guideline ambiguities. Therefore, a particular security may be bought or sold only for certain clients of the Manager even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same time. Also, a particular security may be bought/sold for one or more clients when one or more other clients are selling/buying the security or taking a short position in the security, including clients invested in the same investment strategy. Additionally, one of the Manager’s investment divisions may share investment ideas with one or more other investment divisions and/or may manage a portion of another investment division’s client accounts.

To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Manager’s compliance policies and procedures and a client’s investment guidelines, the Manager may engage in “cross trades” where, as investment manager to a client account, the Manager causes that client account to purchase a security directly from (or sell a security directly to) another client account.

In certain cases, the Manager may identify investment opportunities that are suitable for the Funds and one or more private investment companies for which the Manager or one of its affiliates serves as investment manager, general partner, and/or managing member (“GMO Private Funds”). In most cases, the Manager receives greater compensation in respect of a GMO Private Fund (including incentive-based compensation) than it receives in respect of a Fund. In addition, senior members or other portfolio managers frequently have a personal investment in a GMO Private Fund that is greater than such person’s investment in a similar Fund (or, in some cases, may have no investment in the similar Fund). The Manager itself also makes investments in GMO Private Funds. To help manage these potential conflicts, the Manager has developed and reviewed with the Trust’s Board of Trustees trade allocation policies that establish a framework for allocating IPOs and other limited opportunities that take into account the needs and objectives of each Fund and the other GMO clients.

Transactions involving the issuance of Fund shares for securities or assets other than cash will be limited to a bona fide reorganization or statutory merger and to other acquisitions of portfolio securities that meet all of the following conditions: (i) such securities meet the investment objectives and policies of the Fund; (ii) such securities are acquired for investment and not for resale; and (iii) such securities can be valued pursuant to the Trust’s pricing policies.

 

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Brokerage and Research Services. Orders for the purchase or sale of securities may be placed on a principal or agency basis with brokers, in the Manager’s discretion. In selecting brokers and dealers to effect portfolio transactions for each Fund, the Manager seeks best execution. Best execution is not based solely on the explicit commission charged by the broker/dealer and, consequently, a broker/dealer effecting a transaction may be paid a commission higher than that charged by another broker/dealer for the same transaction. Seeking best execution involves the weighing of qualitative as well as quantitative factors, and evaluations of best execution are, to a large extent, possible, if at all, only after multiple trades have been completed. The Manager does place trades with broker/dealers that provide investment ideas and other research services, even if the relevant broker has not yet demonstrated an ability to effect best execution; however, trading with such a broker (as with any and all brokers) will typically be curtailed or suspended, in due course, if the Manager is not reasonably satisfied with the quality of trade executions, unless or until the broker has altered its execution capabilities in such a way that the Manager can reasonably conclude that the broker is capable of achieving best execution.

The determination of what may constitute best execution involves a number of considerations in varying degrees of emphasis, including, without limitation, the overall net economic result to a Fund; the efficiency with which the transaction is effected; access to order flow; the ability of the executing broker/dealer to effect the transaction where a large block is involved; reliability (e.g., lack of failed trades); availability of the broker/dealer to stand ready to execute possibly difficult transactions in the future; technological capabilities of the broker/dealer, including but not limited to execution technology; the broker/dealer’s inventory of securities sought; reported broker flow; post-transaction reporting capabilities; the financial strength and stability of the broker/dealer; past bids and willingness to commit capital in the case of principal trades and the relative weighting of opportunity costs (i.e., timeliness of execution) by different trading strategies. Additionally, regulations in certain markets, particularly emerging markets, require the Manager to identify and trade with one or a limited number of brokers on behalf of clients. Most of the foregoing are subjective considerations made in advance of the trade and are not always borne out by the actual execution.

The Manager’s broker/dealer selection may, in addition to the factors listed above, also be based on research services provided by the broker/dealer. In seeking best execution and in determining the overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions, the Manager may consider research services received by broker-dealers and therefore, may select or recommend a broker-dealer based on the Manager’s interest in receiving the research rather than on the lowest commission charged. The Manager also may direct trades to broker/dealers based in part on the broker/dealers’ history of providing, and capability to continue providing, pricing information for securities purchased.

Generally, the Manager determines the overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid upon consideration of the relative merits of a number of factors, which may include: (i) the net economic effect to the particular Fund; (ii) historical and current commission rates; (iii) the kind and quality of the execution services rendered; (iv) the size and nature of the transactions

 

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effected; and (v) research services received. These factors are considered mostly over multiple transactions covering extended periods of time in varying degrees of emphasis. In some instances, the Manager may evaluate best execution on principal bids based on the total commissions charged (the bid for handling a trade as a principal trade) because the trades were filled at the price set at an agreed upon time (e.g., previous night’s close). In those cases, any additional “impact” or cost is represented by the cents per share or basis points paid in addition to a typical commission rate. As discussed above, GMO may select a broker based on its technological capability to execute a particular trading strategy. Due to the similarities among brokers in technological execution capabilities and commissions paid, GMO may determine to diversify trades among brokers selected on this basis.

In general, the Manager seeks best execution in the execution of foreign exchange transactions by comparing rates across counterparties and selecting the counterparty that the Manager believes can provide best execution. In certain jurisdictions where it is general market practice (“restricted currencies”) or under limited circumstances when the Manager believes operational or trading efficiencies may be gained (e.g., income repatriation; trading in some emerging markets), the Manager may arrange standing instructions with the Funds’ custodian (who may in turn arrange instructions with a subcustodian) to execute the foreign exchange transaction, subject to the custodian’s terms and conditions. In the event that the Funds’ custodian offers more than one program for standing instruction trades, and if the Fund has granted the Manager discretion to do so, the Manager will select the program it believes is in the best interests of the Fund under the circumstances. The Manager may also determine to select a third party bank or broker/dealer to execute trades in restricted currencies if the Manager believes that the third party has the ability to provide best execution.

The Manager relies on the statutory safe harbor in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”) because the Manager will frequently use broker/dealers that provide research in all markets and that research is a factor in evaluating broker/dealers. However, the Manager does not participate in any formal soft dollar arrangements involving third party research (i.e., research provided by someone other than the executing broker/dealer) or the payment of the Manager’s out-of-pocket expenses for data or other research services. The research services received by the Manager are limited to the types of research contemplated by Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act. Research services provided by broker/dealers take various forms, including personal interviews with analysts, written reports, pricing services in respect of securities, and meetings arranged with various sources of information regarding particular issuers (including company management), industries, governmental policies, specific information about local markets and applicable regulations, economic trends, and other matters. To the extent that services of value are received by the Manager, the Manager receives a benefit because it does not have to produce or pay for the services itself. Such services furnished to the Manager may be used in furnishing investment or other advice to all or some subset of the Manager’s clients, including the Funds, and services received from a broker/dealer that executed transactions for a particular Fund will not necessarily be used by the Manager specifically in servicing that particular Fund.

 

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The Trust paid, on behalf of the Funds that commenced operations prior to the end of the most recent fiscal year, the following amounts in brokerage commissions during the three most recent fiscal years:

 

     March 1, 2010
Through
February 28,
2011
     March 1, 2011
Through
February 29,
2012
     March 1, 2012
Through
February 28,
2013
 

U.S. Core Equity Fund

   $ 1,732,037       $ 287,099       $ 369,232   

U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund

   $ 1,825       $ 6,656       $ 2,139   

U.S. Growth Fund

   $ 7,567       $ 463       $ 399   

U.S. Small/Mid Cap Fund

   $ 7,644       $ 4,155       $ 4,845   

Real Estate Fund

   $ 2,129       $ 688       $ 2,191   

International Core Equity Fund

   $ 2,414,210       $ 1,775,772       $ 1,519,901   

International Intrinsic Value Fund

   $ 2,424,550       $ 2,891,546       $ 3,365,339   

Asset Allocation International Bond Fund

     N/A         N/A         N/A   

International Growth Equity Fund

   $ 2,112,199       $ 1,531,522       $ 1,235,908   

International Small Companies Fund

   $ 829,160       $ 355,936       $ 211,041   

Asset Allocation International Small Companies Fund

     N/A         N/A         N/A   

Tax-Managed International Equities Fund

   $ 236,285       $ 204,437       $ 182,562   

Foreign Fund

   $ 4,879,234       $ 2,806,994       $ 1,140,922   

 

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     March 1, 2010
Through
February 28,
2011
     March 1, 2011
Through
February 29,
2012
    March 1, 2012
Through
February 28,
2013
 

Foreign Small Companies Fund

   $ 837,822       $ 668,998      $ 654,234   

Emerging Markets Fund

   $ 29,368,389       $ 22,169,565      $ 19,748,950   

Emerging Countries Fund

   $ 658,545       $ 515,041      $ 296,474   

Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund

     N/A       $ 1,420,169      $ 3,662,353   

Taiwan Fund

   $ 136,508       $ 124,978      $ 76,022   

Flexible Equities Fund

   $ 299,767       $ 966,068      $ 471,818   

Resources Fund

     N/A       $ 4,756 (a)    $ 48,666   

Currency Hedged International Equity Fund

     N/A       $ 0      $ 0   

Quality Fund

   $ 1,997,623       $ 3,026,303      $ 1,919,797   

Global Focused Equity Fund

     N/A       $ 1,855 (b)    $ 9,752   

Developed World Stock Fund

   $ 101,377       $ 104,277      $ 89,459   

Risk Premium Fund

     N/A         N/A      $ 113,655 (c) 

Domestic Bond Fund

     N/A       $ 0      $ 0   

Core Plus Bond Fund

   $ 37,679       $ 50,812      $ 65,614   

International Bond Fund

   $ 20,641       $ 20,860      $ 16,672   

Strategic Fixed Income Fund

   $ 673,715       $ 735,723      $ 224,386   

 

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     March 1, 2010
Through
February 28,
2011
     March 1, 2011
Through
February 29,
2012
     March 1, 2012
Through
February 28,
2013
 

Currency Hedged International Bond Fund

   $ 17,612       $ 15,582       $ 16,642   

Global Bond Fund

   $ 29,300       $ 41,691       $ 40,715   

Emerging Country Debt Fund

     N/A       $ 0       $ 0   

Short-Duration Collateral Fund

     N/A       $ 0       $ 0   

Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund

     N/A       $ 0       $ 0   

U.S. Treasury Fund

     N/A       $ 0       $ 0   

Asset Allocation Bond Fund

   $ 487,995       $ 257,997       $ 46,029   

Asset Allocation International Bond Fund

     N/A         N/A         N/A   

U.S. Equity Allocation Fund

     N/A       $ 0       $ 0   

International Equity Allocation Fund

     N/A       $ 0       $ 0   

International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

     N/A       $ 0       $ 0   

Global Equity Allocation Fund

     N/A       $ 0       $ 0   

World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

     N/A       $ 0       $ 0   

Global Asset Allocation Fund

     N/A       $ 0       $ 0   

 

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     March 1, 2010
Through
February 28,
2011
     March 1, 2011
Through
February 29,
2012
     March 1, 2012
Through
February 28,
2013
 

Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund

     N/A       $ 0       $ 0   

Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund

     N/A       $ 0       $ 0   

Alpha Only Fund

   $ 647,459       $ 546,059       $ 633,652   

 

(a)  Reflects commissions generated from the Fund’s commencement of operations on December 28, 2011 through February 29, 2012.
(b)  Reflects commissions generated from the Fund’s commencement of operations on December 1, 2011 through February 29, 2012.
(c)  Reflects commissions generated from the Fund’s commencement of operations on November 15, 2012 through February 28, 2013.

Differences in the amount of brokerage commissions paid by a Fund during a Fund’s three most recent fiscal years (as disclosed in the table above) are generally the result of (i) active trading strategies employed by the Manager when responding to changes in market conditions, (ii) management of cash flows into and out of a Fund as a result of shareholder purchases and redemptions, (iii) rebalancing portfolios to reflect the results of the Manager’s portfolio management models, (iv) changes in commission rates in the relevant markets or (v) the use of principal trades. Changes in the amount of brokerage commissions paid by a Fund do not reflect material changes in the Fund’s investment objective or strategies.

The following table lists each Fund that acquired securities of its regular brokers or dealers (as defined in the 1940 Act) or of their parents during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2013, the name of each such broker or dealer, and the value of each Fund’s aggregate holdings of the securities of each issuer as of February 28, 2013:

 

Name of Fund

  

Name of Broker or Dealer

   Aggregate Value of Holdings
as of February 28, 2013
 

U.S. Core Equity Fund

   Citigroup Inc.    $ 15,407,187   

U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund

  

Citigroup Inc.

The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.

Bank of America Corp.

   $

$

$

75,546

59,904

287,050

  

  

  

U.S. Small/Mid-Cap Fund

   Jefferies Group, Inc.    $ 15,921   

International Core Equity Fund

   Macquarie Group Limited    $ 9,536,686   

International Intrinsic Value Fund

  

ING Group

Macquarie Group Limited

Nomura Holdings

   $

$

$

35,948,803

14,643,130

1,986,200

  

  

  

International Growth Equity Fund

  

Credit Suisse Group AG

Nomura Holdings, Inc.

   $

$

3,003,702

2,435,114

  

  

 

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Tax-Managed International Equities Fund

   ING Group    $ 630,053   

Foreign Fund

   UBS AG    $ 4,841,476   

Emerging Markets Fund

   Itaú Unibanco Holding SA    $ 12,248,159   

Emerging Countries Fund

   Itaú Unibanco Holding SA    $ 134,810   

Developed World Stock Fund

  

Citigroup Inc.

The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.

ING Group

JP Morgan Chase & Co.

Bank of America Corp.

   $

$

$

$

$

2,027,151

658,944

1,338,761

699,556

1,823,752

  

  

  

  

  

Due to restrictions under the 1940 Act, it is possible that, as the result of certain affiliations between a broker/dealer or its affiliates and a Fund, the Manager or the Fund’s distributor, all of the Funds may refrain, or be required to refrain, from engaging in principal trades with such broker/dealer. Additionally, the Funds may be restricted in their ability to purchase securities issued by affiliates of the Funds’ distributor.

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

The Trust has adopted a proxy voting policy under which responsibility to vote proxies related to its portfolio securities has been delegated to the Manager. The Board of Trustees of the Trust has reviewed and approved the proxy voting policies and procedures the Manager follows when voting proxies on behalf of the Funds. The Trust’s proxy voting policy and the Manager’s proxy voting policies and procedures are attached to this SAI as Appendix C.

The Manager’s proxy voting policies on a particular issue may or may not reflect the views of individual members of the Board of Trustees of the Trust, or a majority of the Board of Trustees.

Information regarding how the Funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 will be available on the Trust’s website at www.gmo.com and on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website at www.sec.gov no later than August 31 of each year.

 

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DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

The policy of the Trust is to protect the confidentiality of each Fund’s portfolio holdings and to prevent inappropriate selective disclosure of those holdings. The Board of Trustees has approved this policy and material amendments require its approval.

Registered investment companies that are sub-advised by GMO may be subject to different portfolio holdings disclosure policies, and neither GMO nor the Board of Trustees exercises control over those policies. In addition, separate account clients of GMO have access to their portfolio holdings and are not subject to the Funds’ portfolio holdings disclosure policies. Some of the funds that are sub-advised by GMO and some of the separate accounts managed by GMO have substantially similar investment objectives and strategies and, therefore, potentially similar portfolio holdings.

Neither GMO nor any Fund will receive any compensation or other consideration in connection with its disclosure of a Fund’s portfolio holdings.

GMO may disclose a Fund’s portfolio holdings (together with any other information from which the Fund’s portfolio holdings could reasonably be derived, as reasonably determined by GMO) (the “Portfolio Holdings Information”) to shareholders (including shareholders of record of indirect investments in a Fund through another fund managed by GMO), qualified potential shareholders as determined by GMO (including qualified potential shareholders of record who are considering an indirect investment in a Fund through another fund managed by GMO), and their consultants and agents (collectively, “Permitted Recipients”) by means of the GMO website.

The Funds’ Prospectus describes the type of information disclosed on GMO’s website, as well as the frequency with which it is disclosed and the lag between the date of the information and the date of its disclosure. The largest fifteen holdings of some GMO Funds (on a look through basis in the case of Asset Allocation Funds) and all of the direct holdings of the Asset Allocation Funds are posted monthly on GMO’s website and typically are available to shareholders without a confidentiality agreement. In addition, from time to time position attribution information regarding one or more Funds may be posted to GMO’s website (e.g., best/worst performing positions in the Fund over a specified time period).Typically, no confidentiality agreement is needed to access this information.

GMO also may make Portfolio Holdings Information available to Permitted Recipients by e-mail, or by any other means in such scope and form and with such frequency as GMO may reasonably determine, no earlier than the day next following the day on which the Portfolio Holdings Information is posted on the GMO website (provided that the Fund’s Prospectus describes the nature and scope of the Portfolio Holdings Information that will be available on the GMO website, when the information will be available and the period for which the information will remain available, and the location on the Fund’s website where the information will be made available) or on the same day as a publicly available, routine filing with the SEC that includes the Portfolio Holdings Information. A confidentiality agreement is not required to access Portfolio Holdings Information filed with the SEC as described in the preceding sentence.

 

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GMO also may from time-to-time disclose portfolio holdings information to all shareholders of a Fund and their consultants and agents (including shareholders of record of indirect investments in a Fund through another fund managed by GMO). Such disclosure may be made by e-mail, written notice or any other means in such scope and form as GMO may reasonably determine, and generally will not be subject to a confidentiality agreement and will not be required to be posted to GMO’s website in advance.

Except as otherwise noted, to receive Portfolio Holdings Information, Permitted Recipients must enter into a confidentiality agreement with GMO and the Trust that requires that the Portfolio Holdings Information be used solely for purposes determined by senior management of GMO to be in the best interest of the shareholders of the Fund to which the information relates.

In some cases, GMO may disclose to a third party Portfolio Holdings Information that has not been made available to Permitted Recipients on the GMO website or in a publicly available, routine filing with the SEC. That disclosure may only be made if senior management of GMO determines that it is in the best interests of the shareholders of the Fund to which the information relates. In addition, the third party receiving the Portfolio Holdings Information must enter into a confidentiality agreement with GMO and the Trust that requires that the Portfolio Holdings Information be used solely for purposes determined by GMO senior management to be in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders.

If GMO becomes aware that a recipient has or is likely to violate the terms of a confidentiality agreement regarding Portfolio Holdings Information, GMO shall cease providing such information to such recipient.

The procedures pursuant to which GMO may disclose to a third party Portfolio Holdings Information that has not been made available to Permitted Recipients do not apply to Portfolio Holdings Information provided to entities who provide on-going services to the Funds in connection with their day-to-day operations and management, including GMO, GMO’s affiliates, the Funds’ custodians and auditors, the Funds’ pricing service vendors, broker-dealers when requesting bids for or price quotations on securities, brokers in the normal course of trading on a Fund’s behalf, and persons assisting the Funds in the voting of proxies. In addition, (i) when an investor indicates that it wants to purchase shares of a Fund in exchange for securities acceptable to GMO, GMO may make available a list of securities that it would be willing to accept for the Fund, and, from time to time, the securities on the list may overlap with securities currently held by the Fund; and (ii) when the Fund determines to pay redemption proceeds wholly or partly in-kind with securities, GMO may make available a list of securities it intends to deliver from the Fund.

No provision of this policy is intended to restrict or prevent the disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information as may be required by applicable law, rules or regulations.

GMO’s General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer may authorize exceptions to these procedures. Exceptions must be disclosed to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Trust.

If senior management of GMO identifies a potential conflict with respect to the disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information between the interest of a Fund’s shareholders, on the one hand, and GMO or an affiliated person of GMO or the Fund, on the other, GMO is required to inform

 

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the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer of the potential conflict, and the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer has the power to decide whether, in light of the potential conflict, disclosure should be permitted under the circumstances. The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer also is required to report his decision to the Board of Trustees.

GMO periodically reports the following information to the Board of Trustees:

 

    Determinations made by senior management of GMO relating to the use of Portfolio Holdings Information by Permitted Recipients and third parties;

 

    The nature and scope of disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information to third parties;

 

    Exceptions to the disclosure policy authorized by GMO’s General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer; and

 

    Any other information the Trustees may request relating to the disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information.

Ongoing Arrangements To Make Portfolio Holdings Available. Senior management of GMO has authorized disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information on an on-going basis (generally, daily, except with respect to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, which receives holdings semi-annually and as necessary in connection with the services it provides to the Funds) to the following entities that provide on-going services to the Funds in connection with their day-to-day operations and management, provided that they agree to, or have a duty to, maintain this information in confidence:

 

Name of Recipient

 

Funds

 

Purpose of Disclosure

State Street Bank and Trust Company   U.S. Equity Funds, Quality Fund, Risk Premium Fund, Fixed Income Funds, and Asset Allocation Funds (other than Alpha Only Fund)   Custodial and fund accounting services
  All Funds   Compliance testing
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.   International Equity Funds, Global Focused Equity Fund, Developed World Stock Fund, and Alpha Only Fund   Custodial services and compliance testing
  U.S. Equity Funds and Quality Fund   Compliance testing
Boston Global Advisors   U.S. Equity Funds, International Equity Funds, Global Equity Funds, and Fixed Income Funds   Securities lending services
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP   All Funds   Independent registered public accounting firm

 

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Name of Recipient

 

Funds

 

Purpose of Disclosure

Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (formerly known as RiskMetrics Group, Inc.)   All Funds   Corporate actions services
Interactive Data Corporation   International Equity Funds and Global Equity Funds   Fair value pricing
FactSet   All Funds   Data service provider

Senior management of GMO has authorized disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information on an on-going basis (daily) to the following recipients, provided that they agree or have a duty to maintain this information in confidence and are limited to using the information for the specific purpose for which it was provided:

 

Name of Recipient

  

Funds

  

Purpose of Disclosure

Epstein & Associates, Inc.    All Funds    Software provider for Code of Ethics monitoring system
Financial Models Company Inc.    All Funds    Recordkeeping system

 

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DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AND OWNERSHIP OF SHARES

The Trust, an open-end management investment company, is organized as a Massachusetts business trust under the laws of Massachusetts by an Agreement and Declaration of Trust (“Declaration of Trust”) dated June 24, 1985, as amended and restated September 10, 2009, and as such Declaration of Trust may be amended from time to time. A copy of the Declaration of Trust is on file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Trust operates as a “series investment company” that consists of separate series of investment portfolios, each of which is represented by a separate series of shares of beneficial interest. Each Fund is a series of the Trust. The fiscal year for each Fund ends on the last day of February.

Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust, the Trustees have currently authorized the issuance of an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of fifty-four series: Quality Fund; Real Estate Fund; International Intrinsic Value Fund; Currency Hedged International Equity Fund; Foreign Fund; Foreign Small Companies Fund; International Small Companies Fund; Emerging Markets Fund; Emerging Countries Fund; Tax-Managed International Equities Fund; Domestic Bond Fund; Core Plus Bond Fund; International Bond Fund; Currency Hedged International Bond Fund; Global Bond Fund; Emerging Country Debt Fund; Alpha Only Fund; Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund; International Equity Allocation Fund; Global Asset Allocation Fund; Global Equity Allocation Fund; U.S. Equity Allocation Fund; Short-Duration Collateral Fund; Taiwan Fund; World Opportunity Overlay Fund; Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund; Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund; World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund; Developed World Stock Fund; U.S. Growth Fund; International Core Equity Fund; International Growth Equity Fund; U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund; U.S. Small/Mid Cap Fund; U.S. Core Equity Fund; Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund; Strategic Fixed Income Fund; International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund; Special Situations Fund; Flexible Equities Fund; U.S. Treasury Fund; Asset Allocation Bond Fund; Asset Allocation International Bond Fund; Debt Opportunities Fund; High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund; Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund; Asset Allocation International Small Companies Fund; International Large/Mid Cap Value Fund; Benchmark-Free Fund; Global Focused Equity Fund; Resources Fund; Implementation Fund; U.S. Flexible Equities Fund; and Risk Premium Fund.

Note that U.S. Core Equity Fund, U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund, U.S. Growth Fund, U.S. Small/Mid Cap Fund, International Core Equity Fund, and International Growth Equity Fund are successors to U.S. Core Fund, Intrinsic Value Fund, Growth Fund, Small/Mid Cap Value Fund, Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, International Disciplined Equity Fund, and International Growth Fund, respectively (each, a “Predecessor Fund”). Each Predecessor Fund is a former series of GMO Trust.

Interests in each portfolio (GMO Fund) are represented by shares of the corresponding series. Each share of each series represents an equal proportionate interest, together with each other share, in the corresponding GMO Fund. The shares of such series do not have any preemptive rights. Upon liquidation of a GMO Fund, shareholders of the corresponding series are entitled to share pro rata in the net assets of the GMO Fund available for distribution to shareholders. The Declaration of Trust also permits the Trustees to charge shareholders directly for custodial, transfer agency, and servicing expenses, but the Trustees have no present intention to make such charges.

 

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The Declaration of Trust also permits the Trustees, without shareholder approval, to subdivide any series of shares into various sub-series or classes of shares with such dividend preferences and other rights as the Trustees may designate. This power is intended to allow the Trustees to provide for an equitable allocation of the effect of any future regulatory requirements that might affect various classes of shareholders differently. The Trustees have currently authorized the establishment and designation of up to ten classes of shares for each series of the Trust: Class I Shares, Class II Shares, Class III Shares, Class IV Shares, Class V Shares, Class VI Shares, Class VII Shares, Class VIII Shares, Class M Shares and Class MF Shares.

The Trustees also may, without shareholder approval, establish one or more additional separate portfolios for investments in the Trust or merge two or more existing portfolios (i.e., a new fund). Shareholders’ investments in such a portfolio would be evidenced by a separate series of shares.

The Declaration of Trust provides for the perpetual existence of the Trust. The Trust, however, may be terminated at any time by vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust. While the Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trustees also may terminate the Trust upon written notice to the shareholders, the 1940 Act requires that the Trust receive the authorization of a majority of its outstanding shares in order to change the nature of its business so as to cease to be an investment company.

On June 4, 2013, the following shareholders held beneficially (unless otherwise indicated) greater than 25% of the outstanding shares of a Fund offered in the Prospectus. For each shareholder listed that is not an individual, the jurisdiction under the laws of which the shareholder is organized (if applicable) and any parent company of the shareholder are listed, if known:

 

Fund*

  

Shareholders

  

Jurisdiction of
Organization

  

Parent Company

GMO U.S. Core Equity Fund   

GMO Alpha Only Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   MA    N/A
  

The National Rural Electric Cooperative Association

4301 Wilson Boulevard, Rs18-305

Arlington, VA 22203

   VA    N/A

 

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GMO U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund   

Hopke Partnership

7422 Hampden Lane

Bethesda, MD 20814

   MD    N/A
GMO U.S. Growth Fund   

Quality Vision International Inc.

850 Hudson Avenue

Rochester, NY 14621

   NY    N/A
GMO U.S. Small Mid Cap Fund   

Mac & Co.

FBO Princeton

PO Box 534005

Pittsburgh, PA 15253

   N/A    N/A
GMO Real Estate Fund   

Mac & Co.

FBO Princeton

PO Box 534005

Pittsburgh, PA 15253

   N/A    N/A
  

 

Batterymarch Trust

63 Samoset Street

South Weymouth, MA 02190

   MA    N/A
GMO International Growth Equity Fund   

GMO Alpha Only Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   MA    N/A
GMO Foreign Small Companies Fund   

Merck & Co., Inc. Master Retirement Trust

One Merck Drive

C/O WS 3AF-05

Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889

   NJ    N/A
GMO Taiwan Fund   

Pension Reserves Investment Trust

84 State Street, Suite 250

Boston, MA 02109

   MA    N/A
  

 

State of Connecticut Retirement

Plans and Trust Funds

55 Elm Street

Hartford, CT 06106

   CT    N/A
GMO Resources Fund   

The Trustees of Princeton University

PO Box 35

Princeton, NJ 08544

   NJ    N/A

 

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GMO Global Focused Equity Fund   

R. Jeremy Grantham

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   N/A    N/A
  

 

Benjamin L. Inker

776 Boylston Street

Boston, MA 02199

   N/A    N/A
GMO Developed World Stock Fund   

The DOW Retirement Group Trust

Dorinco Bldg., Suite 100

1320 Waldo Avenue

Midland, MI 48642

   MI    N/A
GMO Risk Premium Fund   

GMO Benchmark-Free Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   DE    N/A
  

 

Asset Allocation Trust

Wells Fargo Funds Management, LLC

200 Berkeley Street, 21st Floor - Fund Administration

Boston, MA 02116

   MA    N/A
GMO Domestic Bond Fund   

Asset Allocation Trust

Wells Fargo Funds Management, LLC

21st Floor, Fund Administration

200 Berkeley Street

Boston, MA 02116

   DE    N/A
GMO Core Plus Bond Fund   

The Northern Trust Company as Trustee

FBO Mayo Foundation

PO Box 92956

Chicago, IL 60675

   MN    N/A
GMO International Bond Fund   

University of Southern California

851 Downey Way, HSH 101

Los Angeles, CA 90089

   CA    N/A
GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund   

Asset Allocation Trust

Wells Fargo Funds Management, LLC

200 Berkeley Street, 21st Floor - Fund Administration

Boston, MA 02116

   DE    N/A

 

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GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund   

GMO Benchmark-Free Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   MA    N/A
  

 

Teachers’ Retirement System of the City of New York

55 Water Street, 16th Floor

New York, NY 10041

   NY    N/A
GMO Global Bond Fund   

Mars Pension Trustees Ltd.

Discretionary Mandate

3D Dundee Road

Slough, Berkshire, SL14LG

United Kingdom

   England and Wales    N/A
GMO Short-Duration Collateral Fund   

GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   MA    N/A
GMO Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund   

Thomas F. Cooper

16 Garland Road

Lincoln, MA 01773

   N/A    N/A
  

 

William L. Nemerever

535 Hammond Street

Chestnut Hill, MA 02467

   N/A    N/A
GMO U.S. Treasury Fund   

GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   MA    N/A
GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund   

Teachers’ Retirement System of the City of New York

55 Water Street, 16th Floor

New York, NY 10041

   NY    N/A
  

 

Neighborhood Health Plan

C/O Partners Healthcare

101 Merrimack Street 4th Floor Room 445

Boston, MA 02114

   MA    N/A

 

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GMO U.S. Equity Allocation Fund   

Regime De Retraite Des Employees ET

Employes De La Ville De Sherbrooke

145 Wellington Nord

Sherbrooke, Quebec

Canada J1H 5C1

   Canada    N/A
GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund   

South Carolina Retirement System

202 Arbor Lake Drive

Columbia, SC 29223

   SC    N/A
GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund   

Wells Fargo Funds Management

FBO Wells Fargo Advantage Absolute Return Fund

525 Market Street, 12th Floor

San Francisco, CA 94105

   CA    N/A
GMO Alpha Only Fund   

GMO Benchmark-Free Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   MA    N/A

 

* International Large/Mid Cap Value Fund, Asset Allocation International Small Companies Fund, and Asset Allocation International Bond Fund will commence operations on or following the date of this SAI and, therefore, have not yet offered any shares for sale as of this date.

The above shareholders may be deemed to “control” their respective series as such term is defined in the 1940 Act.

Shareholders should be aware that to the extent a shareholder’s investment in a Fund exceeds certain threshold amounts or percentages, the investment may constitute a reportable acquisition under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act (“HSR”) and the shareholder may be required to make a corresponding filing under HSR. HSR regulations are complex and shareholders should consult their legal advisers about the precise HSR filing consequences of an investment in a Fund.

As of June 7, 2013, greater than 10% of the following Funds’ shares were held by accounts for which the Manager has investment discretion: International Core Equity Fund, Emerging Markets Fund, Core Plus Bond Fund, International Bond Fund, Emerging Country Debt Fund, International Equity Allocation Fund, and Global Asset Allocation Fund. As of June 7, 2013, a significant portion of the following Funds’ shares were held by accounts for which the Manager has investment discretion: U.S. Core Equity Fund, Real Estate Fund, and Global Bond Fund. As of June 7, 2013, substantially all of the following Funds’ shares were held by accounts for which the Manager has investment discretion: U.S. Small/Mid Cap Fund, International Intrinsic Value Fund, International Growth Equity Fund, Taiwan Fund, Flexible Equities Fund, Currency Hedged International Equity Fund, Risk Premium Fund, Domestic Bond Fund, Strategic Fixed Income Fund, Currency Hedged International Bond Fund, Short-Duration Collateral Fund, U.S. Treasury Fund, Asset Allocation Bond Fund, Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund, and Alpha Only Fund.

 

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MULTIPLE CLASSES AND MINIMUM INVESTMENTS

The Manager makes all decisions relating to aggregation of accounts for purposes of determining eligibility for a Fund or the various classes of shares offered by a Fund, as the case may be. When making decisions regarding whether accounts should be aggregated because they are part of a larger client relationship, the Manager considers several factors including, but not limited to, whether: the multiple accounts are for one or more subsidiaries of the same parent company; the multiple accounts have the same beneficial owner regardless of the legal form of ownership; the investment mandate is the same or substantially similar across the relationship; the asset allocation strategies are substantially similar across the relationship; GMO reports to the same investment board; the consultant is the same for the entire relationship; GMO services the relationship through a single GMO relationship manager; the relationships have substantially similar reporting requirements; and/or the relationship can be serviced from a single geographic location.

 

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VOTING RIGHTS

Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held (with fractional votes for fractional shares held) and to vote by individual Fund (to the extent described below) in the election of Trustees and the termination of the Trust and on other matters submitted to the vote of shareholders. Shareholders vote by individual Fund on all matters except (i) when required by the 1940 Act, shares are voted in the aggregate and not by individual Fund, and (ii) when the Trustees have determined that the matter affects the interests of more than one Fund, then shareholders of the affected Funds are entitled to vote. Shareholders of one Fund are not entitled to vote on matters exclusively affecting another Fund including, without limitation, such matters as the adoption of or change in the investment objectives, policies, or restrictions of the other Fund and the approval of the investment advisory contract of the other Fund. Shareholders of a particular class of shares do not have separate class voting rights except for matters that affect only that class of shares and as otherwise required by law.

Normally the Trust does not hold meetings of shareholders to elect Trustees except in accordance with the 1940 Act (i) the Trust will hold a shareholders’ meeting for the election of Trustees at such time as less than a majority of the Trustees holding office have been elected by shareholders, and (ii) if, as a result of a vacancy in the Board of Trustees, less than two-thirds of the Trustees holding office have been elected by the shareholders, that vacancy may only be filled by a vote of the shareholders. In addition, Trustees may be removed from office by a written consent signed by the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares and filed with the Trust’s custodian or by a vote of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares at a meeting duly called for that purpose, which meeting shall be held upon the written request of the holders of not less than 10% of the outstanding shares. Upon written request by the holders of at least 1% of the outstanding shares stating that such shareholders wish to communicate with the other shareholders for the purpose of obtaining the signatures necessary to demand a meeting to consider removal of a Trustee, the Trust has undertaken to provide a list of shareholders or to disseminate appropriate materials (at the expense of the requesting shareholders). Except as set forth above, the Trustees will continue to hold office and may appoint successor Trustees. Voting rights are not cumulative.

No amendment may be made to the Declaration of Trust without the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trust except (i) to change the Trust’s name or to cure technical problems in the Declaration of Trust and (ii) to establish, designate, or modify new and existing series or sub-series of Trust shares or other provisions relating to Trust shares in response to applicable laws or regulations.

 

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SHAREHOLDER AND TRUSTEE LIABILITY

Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under some circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust. However, the Declaration of Trust disclaims shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Trust and requires that notice of that disclaimer be given in each agreement, obligation, or instrument entered into or executed by the Trust or the Trustees. The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of all the property of a Fund for all loss and expense of any shareholder of the Fund held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the disclaimer is inoperative and the Fund in which the shareholder holds shares is unable to meet its obligations.

The Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trustees will not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. However, nothing in the Declaration of Trust protects a Trustee against any liability to which the Trustee would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office. The By-Laws of the Trust provide for indemnification by the Trust of the Trustees and the officers of the Trust except for any matter as to which any such person did not act in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in or not opposed to the best interests of the Trust. Trustees and officers may not be indemnified against any liability to the Trust or the Trust shareholders to which they would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of their office.

 

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BENEFICIAL OWNERS OF 5% OR MORE OF THE FUNDS’ SHARES

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO U.S. Core Equity Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Corning Retirement Master Trust

Director Investment Services

C/O Corning Inc.

One Riverfront Plaza

Corning, NY 14831

   24.1

Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Company (FIIOC)

as Agent For Certain Employee Benefit Plans

100 Magellan Way

Covington, KY 41015

   21.0

The Raymond and Gertrude R. Saltzman Foundation

Executive Mews

1930 East Marlton Pike, Suite N-71

Cherry Hill, NJ 08003

   7.9

Sherman Fairchild Foundation Inc.

5454 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 1205

Chevy Chase, MD 20815

   6.0

Northern Trust Custodian

FBO Norton Simon Art Foundation

PO Box 92956

801 S. Canal

Chicago, IL 60675

   5.6

Northwest Hospital Funded Depreciation

Northwest Hospital

1550 North 115th Street

Seattle, WA 98133

   5.3

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class IV Shares of GMO U.S. Core Equity Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Teachers’ Retirement System of The City of New York

55 Water Street, 16th Floor

New York, NY 10041

   90.3

Mac & Co.

FBO Princeton

PO Box 534005

Pittsburgh, PA 15253

   9.7

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class VI Shares of GMO U.S. Core Equity Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

GMO Alpha Only Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   44.2

Nreca

Investment Division

4301 Wilson Boulevard, RS18-305

Arlington, VA 22203

   36.7

GMO Global (US) Equity Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   6.7

GMO World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   5.9

State Street Bank and Trust Company as Trustee for the

Northrop Grumman Corporation Pension Master Trust

2 Avenue De Lafayette

Boston, MA 02111

   5.2

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Hopke Partnership

7422 Hampden Lane

Bethesda, MD 20814

   98.3

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO U.S. Growth Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Quality Vision International Inc.

850 Hudson Ave.

Rochester, NY 14621

   72.8

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO U.S. Small Mid Cap Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Mac & Co.

FBO Princeton

PO Box 534005

Pittsburgh, PA 15253

   31.5

Surdna Foundation Inc. Global AA

330 Madison Ave. 30th Floor

New York, NY 10017

   23.3

World Wildlife Fund, Inc.

1250 24th Street NW

Washington, DC 20037

   21.0

GMO U.S. Equity Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   10.5

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Real Estate Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Mac & Co.

FBO Princeton

PO Box 534005

Pittsburgh, PA 15253

   58.8

Batterymarch Trust – Investments in GMO Funds

63 Samoset Street

S. Weymouth, MA 02190

   31.9

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO International Core Equity Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Minnesota Mutual Life Insurance Company

C/O Securian Financial Group

400 Robert Street North

St. Paul, MN 55101

   28.9

Bank of America Directed Trustee

FBO UST Pension-GMO Intl Core Equity

PO Box 831575

Dallas, TX 75283

   17.2

State Street Bank & Trust Co. as Trustee of

Invensys Master Retirement Trust

100 Plaza One

Jersey City, NJ 07311

   14.8

Northern Trust Company

FBO Metro Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority-

50 S. Lasalle St.

Chicago, IL 60607

   7.6

Dekalb County Pension Board

1300 Commerce Drive, 4th Floor

Decatur, GA 30030

   6.7

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class IV Shares of GMO International Core Equity Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Wells Fargo Bank, NA

FBO WFC CBP

PO Box 1533

Minneapolis, MN 55480

   15.4

BB&T Corporation Pension Plan

223 W Nash Street 3rd Floor

Wilson, NC 27893

   15.1

UMWA 1974 Pension Trust

2121 K Street NW, Suite 350

Washington, DC 20037

   13.0

Mac & Co.

FBO Siemens Corp

PO Box 3198

525 William Penn Place

Pittsburgh, PA 152307

   11.4

Wells Fargo Bank

FBO American Express Retirement Savings Plan

1525 West Wt Harris Boulevard

Charlotte, NC 28288

   11.2

Praxair Pension Plan

39 Old Ridebury Road

Danbury, CT 06810

   10.6

The Paul Hamlyn Foundation

5-11 Leeke Street

London, United Kingdom

   9.3

Mac & Co.

FBO Siemens Corporation

PO Box 3198

525 William Penn Place

Pittsburgh, PA 15230

   6.7

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class VI Shares of GMO International Core Equity Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Asset Allocation Trust

Wells Fargo Funds Management, LLC

200 Berkeley Street

21st Floor, Fund Administration

Boston, MA 02116

   29.0

GMO Global Asset Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   21.4

Northern Trust as Trustee

FBO Exelon Corporation Pension Master Retirement Trust

PO Box 92956

Chicago, IL 60675

   18.9

GMO Global (US) Equity Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   17.9

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class II Shares of GMO International Intrinsic Value Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

SEI Private Trust Company

FBO M&T Bank

One Freedom Valley Drive

Oaks, PA 19456

   14.0

Canadian Blood Services Defined Benefit

Pension Plan Board of Trustees

1800 Alta Vista Drive

Ottawa, ON K1G 4J5

   13.8

Bank of New York as Trustee for Hilton Hotels Corporation

111 Sanders Creek Parkway

Client Services – 2nd Floor

East Syracuse, NY 13057

   13.6

Mt. Cuba Center, Inc.

100 West 10th Street, Suite 1109

Wilmington, DE 19801

   13.5

 

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Elizabeth Gamble Deaconess Home Association

2139 Auburn Avenue

Cincinnati, OH 45219

   8.9    

Sisters of Mercy of North Carolina Foundation, Inc.

2115 Rexford Road, Suite 314

Charlotte, NC 28211

   8.1    

The Rector Church Warden & Vestrymen of Trinity Church

74 Trinity Place

New York, NY 10006

   7.3    

Northern Trust

FBO National Trust For Historic Preservation

PO Box 92956

Chicago, IL 60675

   6.0    

The Winthrop Rockefeller Foundation

225 East Markham Street, Suite 200

Little Rock, AR 72201

   5.1    

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO International Intrinsic Value Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Charles Schwab & Co Inc.

Special Custody Account For Exclusive Benefit of Customers

101 Montgomery Street

San Francisco, CA 94104

   14.1

City of Phoenix Employees’ Retirement System

200 W. Washington Street, Floor 10

Phoenix, AZ 85003

   8.3

Mac & Co.

FBO Ispat Inland Inc.

Mutual Fund Operations

PO Box 3198

Pittsburgh, PA 15230

   6.6

 

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Mellon Trust of New England NA

FBO Ameren Master Retirement Trust

135 Santilli Highway

Everett, MA 02149

   5.4    

Wells Fargo Bank NA

FBO Retirement Plan for Hospital Employees

PO Box 1533

Minneapolis, MN 55479

   5.3    

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class IV Shares of GMO International Intrinsic Value Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

GMO Currency Hedged International Equity Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   22.4

GMO Alpha Only Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   13.9

Asset Allocation Trust

Wells Fargo Funds Management, LLC

21st Floor, Fund Administration

200 Berkeley Street

Boston, MA 02116

   9.9

GMO International Equity Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   7.5

GMO International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   7.2

GMO Global Asset Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   7.1

 

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GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   6.4    

GMO Global (US) Equity Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   5.9    

GMO World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   5.3    

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO International Growth Equity Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

The Trustees Of Boston College

129 Lake 5th Floor

140 Commonwealth Avenue

Chestnut Hill, MA 02467

   11.7

Mellon Trust of New England NA as Trustee

FBO Ameren Master Retirement Trust

135 Santilli Highway

Everett, MA 02149

   10.9

Comerica Bank

FBO City of Roanoke Pension Plan

411 W Lafayette

Detroit, MI 48226

   8.1

The Oregon Community Foundation

1221 SW Yamhill #100

Portland, OR 97205

   6.9

University of Colorado Foundation

C/O Perella Weinberg Partners

7979 E. Tufts Avenue, Suite 700

Denver, CO 80237

   6.6

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class IV Shares of GMO International Growth Equity Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

GMO Alpha Only Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   29.1

GMO International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   15.7

GMO International Equity Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   15.3

GMO World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   8.1

GMO Global (US) Equity Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   6.8

GMO Currency Hedged International Equity Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   5.4

GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   5.2

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO International Small Companies Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Milwaukee County Employees Retirement System

901 N. 9th Street, #210

Milwaukee, WI 53233

   25.0

Anne Arundel County Retirement & Pension

Systems/Anne Arundel County Maryland

44 Calvert Street

Annapolis, MD 21401

   23.9

Meadwestvaco Corporation Master Retirement Trust

299 Park Avenue

New York, NY 10171

   11.1

State University of Iowa Foundation

PO Box 4550

One West Park Road

Iowa City, IA 52244

   7.8

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Tax-Managed International Equity Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Northern Trust Company as Custodian

FBO the Cheyne Walk Trust

PO Box 92956

Chicago, IL 60675

   13.4

Hugheson Limited

BNY Mellon Trust, Suite 4206

Canella Ct 38 Market Street,

PO Box 766

Camana Bay, Grand Cayman

   10.9

The Northern Trust

FBO Mars Benefit Trust

PO Box 92956

Chicago, IL 60675

   8.2

Jeffrey LLC

C/O The Jeffrey Company

100 East Broad Street, Suite 1700

Columbus, OH 43215

   7.3

 

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Northern Trust Co Custodian

FBO Offield Investment LLC

PO Box 92956

Chicago, IL 60675

     5.9       

Dumaines

C/O Gerard J Sarnie, CPA

201 Devonshire Street, 4th Floor

Boston, MA 02110

     5.5       

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class II Shares of GMO Foreign Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

The American University in Cairo

420 Fifth Avenue, 3rd Floor

New York, NY 10018

   18.6

Keybank NA

FBO LL Bean Inc. Pension Plan

PO Box 94871

Cleveland, OH 44101

   16.9

SEI Private Trust Co.

C/O Suntrust

FBO City of Fairfax Re Grantham Mayo 7039978

One Freedom Valley

Oaks, PA 19456

   8.7

Hoblitzelle Foundation

5556 Caruth Haven Lane, Suite 200

Dallas, TX 75225

   8.1

Brics & Co.

FBO Owensboro Medical

340 South Cleveland Avenue,

Building #350, 1st Floor/Oh1-8036

Westerville, OH 43081

   7.6

Northern Trust as Trustee

FBO Greif Inc. Pension Plan

PO Box 92956

Chicago, IL 60675

   6.8

 

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BMO Harris Bank NA

FBO Marianist Prov of The US Equity Funds

C/O BMO Harris Bank

Attn. MF 11270

West Park Place, Suite 400

Milwaukee, WI 53224

   5.8    

USB

FBO Greater Milwaukee Foundation

USB Equity Fund

PO Box 1787

Milwaukee, WI 53201

   5.8    

JP Morgan Chase Bank as Directed Trustee for the

IBM Personal Pension Plan Trust

3 Chase Metrotech Center, 5th Floor

Brooklyn, NY 11245

   5.3    

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of the Foreign Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Baylor College of Medicine

One Baylor Plaza

Houston, TX 77030

   27.6

Fidelity Management Trust Company as Trustee for the

Sprint Nextel 401k Plan

82 Devonshire Street

Boston, MA 02109

   24.1

Wells Fargo Bank NA

FBO University of Iowa

PO Box 1533

Minneapolis, MN 55479

   19.7

Carey & Co.

C/O Huntington Trust Co.

7 Eatson Oval

Columbus, OH 43219

   12.5

Wells Fargo Bank NA

FBO ISU Endowment

PO Box 1533

Minneapolis, MN 55479

   7.6

State Street Bank And Trust Co. as Record keeper

FBO State of Oregon Deferred Compensation Fund

1200 Crown Colony Drive

Quincy, MA 02169

   6.6

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class IV Shares of GMO Foreign Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

The Glenmede Trust Company as Trustee of the

PEW Memorial Trust

1650 Market Street, Suite 1200

Philadelphia, PA 19103

   43.6

State Street Bank & Trust Company

FBO Pinnacle West Capital Corporation – Other Post Retirement

Employee Benefit Trust

2 Avenue De Lafayette

Boston, MA 02111

   23.3

The Glenmede Trust Company as Trustee of the

J. Howard PEW Freedom Trust

1650 Market Street, Suite 1200

Philadelphia, PA 19103

   8.8

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Foreign Small Companies Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

New Hampshire Retirement System

54 Regional Drive

Concord, NH 03301

   31.1

San Diego City Employees’ Retirement System

401 West A Street, Suite 400

San Diego, CA 92101

   29.0

Mac & Co.

PO Box 3198

525 William Penn Place

Pittsburgh, PA 15230

   19.4

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class IV Shares of GMO Foreign Small Companies Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Merck & Co., Inc. Master Retirement Trust

One Merck Drive

C/O WS 3AF-05

Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889

   43.6

Caisse De Retraite D’ Hydro-Quebec

75 Rene-Levesque Blvd West, 5th Floor

Montreal, Quebec

Canada

   39.4

The Glenmede Trust Company as Trustee of the

Pew Memorial Trust

1650 Market Street, Suite 1200

Philadelphia, PA 19103

   11.0

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Emerging Markets Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

BASF Corporation

100 Campus Drive MA il Stop F-413

Florham Park, NJ 07932

   13.7

Mac & Co.

FBO Cargill, Inc. & Associated Companies Master Pension Trust

PO Box 3198

525 William Penn Place

Pittsburgh, PA 15230

   10.6

Investure Emerging Markets Fund, LP

126 Garrett Street, Suite J

Charlottesville, VA 22902

   10.5

 

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International Association of Machinists And Aerospace Workers

Pension Plan

General Secretary, Treasurer

9000 Machinists Place, 2nd Floor

Upper Marlboro, MD 20772

   10.0

Mellon Bank, NA

as Trustee of The Northeast Utilities Service Company, Master

Trust

One Mellon Center, Room 1320

Pittsburgh, PA 15258

   10.0

Mac & Co.

FBO Hewlett-Packard

PO Box 3198

525 William Penn Place

Pittsburgh, PA 15230

   8.4

Northern Trust Company as Custodian

FBO Northwestern University Special Assets Mutual Fund Dept

PO Box 92956

Chicago, IL 60675

   8.4

John Hancock Financial Services Inc.

Pension Plan State Street Bank & Trust Co.

2 Avenue De Lafayette Ms Lcc2

Boston, MA 02111

   6.3

The Board of Trustees of The University of Alabama -Pooled

Clearing

7 Pinehurst

Tuscaloosa, AL 35401

   5.7

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class IV Shares of GMO Emerging Markets Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

The Regents of The University of California

1111 Broadway, Suite 1400

Oakland, CA 94607

   13.2

 

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State Street Bank and Trust as Trustee for

Bechtel Nr Program Pension Master Trust

1200 Crown Colony Drive

Attn: Sts MFS Mailstop Cc10313

Quincy, MA 02169

   11.5

Missouri State Employees Retirement System

907 Wildwood Drive

PO Box 209

Jefferson City, MO 65102

   11.3

Leland Stanford Junior University

Stanford Management Company

635 Knight Way

Stanford, CA 94305

   8.6

Northern Trust As Trustee

FBO Centurylink

PO Box 92956

Chicago, IL 60675

   8.1

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class V Shares of GMO Emerging Markets Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Strategic Advisors Emerging Markets

82 Devonshire Street

Boston, MA 02109

   39.7

International Paper Retirement Plans Master Trust

400 Atlantic Street

Stamford, CT 06921

   28.2

The Northern Trust Company as Trustee

FBO Mayo Foundation

PO Box 92956

Chicago, IL 60675

   17.1

The Northern Trust Company as Trustee

FBO Mayo Foundation

PO Box 92956

Chicago, IL 60675

   8.0

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class VI Shares of GMO Emerging Markets Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Asset Allocation Trust

Wells Fargo Funds Management, LLC

200 Berkeley Street

21st Floor, Fund Administration

Boston, MA 02116

   12.1

Washington State Investment Board

PO Box 40916

2100 Evergreen Park Drive SW

Olympia, WA 98504

   10.0

Virginia Retirement System

PO Box 2500

Richmond, VA 23218

   9.9

GMO Benchmark-Free Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   8.8

GMO Global Asset Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   8.7

State Street Bank and Trust as Trustee for the

Northrop Grumman Pension Master Trust

Lafayette Corporate Center

2 Avenue De Lafayette

Boston, MA 02111

   7.4

GMO Global (U.S.+) Equity Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   7.0

GMO International Equity Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   6.4

GMO Emerging Markets Fund

Trust Level 12, 1 Alfred Street

Sydney, NSW 2000

Australia

   5.2

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Emerging Countries Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Trust Company of Illinois

1901 Butterfield Road, Suite 1000

Downers Grove, IL 60515

   27.3

Wells Fargo Bank NA

FBO NPPD Emerging Markets Fund

PO Box 1533

733 Marquette Ave

Minneapolis, MN 55480

   12.7

Mac & Co.

Mutual Fund Operations

PO Box 3198

525 William Penn Place

Pittsburgh, PA 15230

   11.9

National Financial Services LLC For The Exclusive Benefits of Our

Customers-NTF

200 Liberty Street

One World Financial

New York, NY 10281

   10.8

FABCO

FBO AMA Reinv Ac

PO Box 105870, Ctr 3144

Atlanta, GA 30348

   6.9

State Street as Custodian For Employees

Retirement System of New Castle County

200 Newport Avenue

North Quincy, MA 02109

   5.4

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class M Shares of GMO Emerging Countries Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Company (FIIOC)

as Agent For Certain Employee Benefit Plans

100 Magellan Way (KW1C)

Covington, KY 41015

   100.0

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class II Shares of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Northwestern Memorial Healthcare

541 N. Fairbanks Court, Suite 1600

Chicago, IL 60611

   8.8

The Trustees of Boston College

129 Lake, 5th Floor

140 Commonwealth Avenue

Chestnut Hill, MA 02467

   7.8

Mac & Co.

Metropolitan Government of Nashville And Davidson County

PO Box 3198

525 William Penn Place

Pittsburgh, PA 15230

   6.7

Doris Duke Foundation

650 Fifth Avenue, 19th Floor

New York, NY 10019

   6.1

BF Global LP

199 Fremont St, 22nd Floor

San Francisco, CA 94105

   5.8

Agility Global Equities LLC

767 Fifth Avenue, 10th Floor

New York, NY 10153

   5.6

University of Colorado Foundation

C/O Perella Weinberg Partners

7979 E. Tufts Avenue Suite 700

Denver, CO 80237

   5.5

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Mac & Co.

FBO AAA of Northern CA, Nevada & Utah Insur. Exch.

PO Box 3198

525 William Penn Place

Pittsburgh, PA 15230

   27.4

Xerox Corporation Trust Agreement

Fund Retirement Plans Operations

45 Glover Ave.

Norwalk, CT 06850

   15.4

Scotiabank Group Master Trust Fund

40 King Street West, 64th Floor

Toronto, Ontario, M5H 1H1

Canada

   14.4

Allstate Insurance Company

3075 Sanders Road, Suite G3A

Northbrook, IL 60062

   14.3

Allstate Life Insurance Company

3075 Sanders Road, Suite G3A

Northbrook, IL 60062

   14.3

Conrad N. Hilton Foundation

30440 Agoura Road

Agoura Hills, CA 91301

   9.5

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class IV Shares of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

The Ford Foundation

320 East 43rd Street

New York, NY 10017

   32.7

 

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The Board of Trustees of The Colleges of Applied Arts &

Technology Pension Plan

2 Queen St. East, Suite 1400

Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5C 3G7

   28.3

The J. Paul Getty Trust

Vice President And Chief Investment Officer

1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 400

Los Angeles, CA 90049

   18.2

Northern Trust Co. Trustee

FBO Exelon Corp Master Trust

801 S. Canal Street

Chicago, IL 60607

   8.0

The Trustees of Princeton University

PO Box 35

Princeton, NJ 08544

   8.0

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class VI Shares of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

State Street Australia Limited

ACF Sunsuper Superammuation Fund

Level 14

420 George Street

Sydney, NSW 2000

Australia

   39.0

Partners Healthcare System Inc. Pooled Investment Accounts -

Long Term Pool #2

101 Merrimac Street, Treasury – 4th Floor

Boston, MA 02114

   33.9

Partners Healthcare System Inc.

Master Trust For ERISA Assets

101 Merrimac Street, Treasury, 4th Floor

Boston, MA 02114

   23.2

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of the Taiwan Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Pension Reserves Investment Trust

84 State Street, Suite 250

Boston, MA 02109

   68.2

State of Connecticut Retirement Plans And Trust Funds

55 Elm Street

Hartford, CT 06106

   31.8

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of the GMO Flexible Equities Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Municipal Fire & Police Retirement System of Iowa

7155 Lake Drive, Suite 201

West Des Moines, IA 50266

   16.4

Stichting Pensioenfonds Atos

Origin Papendorpseweg 93

3528 Bj Utrecht

Netherlands

   15.7

Bucknell University

121 Marts Hall

Lewisburg, PA 17837

   7.6

City of Phoenix Employees’ Retirement System

200 W. Washington Street, Floor 10

Phoenix, AZ 85003

   7.5

Emerson Electric Company Retirement Master Trust

8000 W Florissant Ave

PO Box 4100

Saint Louis, MO 63136

   7.1

The Oregon Community Foundation

1221 SW Yamhill, Number 100

Portland, OR 97205

   6.2

Sonoma County Employees Retirement Association

433 Aviation Boulevard, Suite 100

Santa Rosa, CA 95403

   5.6

University of Colorado Foundation

C/O Perella Weinberg Partners

7979 E. Tufts Avenue, Suite 700

Denver, CO 80237

   5.4

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class VI Shares of GMO Flexible Equities Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   18.8

GMO Benchmark-Free Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   17.1

Asset Allocation Trust Wells Fargo Funds Management, LLC

200 Berkeley Street

21st Floor , Fund Administration

Boston, MA 02116

   14.1

GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   10.7

GMO Global Asset Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   10.2

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of the Resources Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Hsbc Ssl A/C Lepercq Amcur Sicav Fis

Hsbc Securities Services (Luxembourg) S.A

16. Boulevard D’Avranches,

PO Box 413

L-2014 Luxembourg

   29.1

The Chancellor, Master s & Scholars of The University of Oxford

as Trustee of The Oxford Funds

King Charles House

Park End Street

Oxford, Ox1 1JD, United Kingdom

   26.8

Judith L. Biggs

7 Bobolink Lane

Greenwich, CT 06830

   17.6

Bmb Investments LLC

101 Woodland St.

Sherborn, MA 01770

   16.5

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class IV Shares of GMO Resources Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

The Trustees of Princeton University

PO Box 35

Princeton, NJ 08544

   48.3

Northern Trust As Trustee

FBO Yale University Retirement Plan For Staff Employees

PO Box 92956

Chicago, IL 60675

   13.2

Mac & Co.

FBO Princeton

PO Box 534005

Pittsburgh, PA 15253

   13.1

R. Jeremy Grantham

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   10.3

Northern Trust as Custodian

FBO Yale Retiree Health Benefits Coverage Trust

PO Box 92956

Chicago, IL 60675

   8.8

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Currency Hedged International Equity Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

GMO Benchmark-Free Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   38.7

Asset Allocation Trust

Wells Fargo Funds Management, LLC

200 Berkeley Street

21st Floor , Fund Administration

Boston, MA 02116

   15.4

GMO Global Asset Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   11.4

GMO Global (U.S.+) Equity Allocation Fund

GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   8.3

GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   6.5

GMO World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   5.2

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class IV Shares of GMO Quality Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

TWM Select Equity Partnership, LP

5500 Preston Road, Suite 250

Dallas, TX 75205

   10.3

Harvard Management Private Equity

C/O Harvard Management Company, Inc.

600 Atlantic Avenue

Boston, MA 02210

   6.6

JP Morgan Chase as Directed Trustee for

The News Corporation Master Trust

1 Chase Manhattan Plaza 19th Floor

New York, NY 10005

   5.9

New York University

New York University Investment Office

55 Fifth Avenue, 16th Floor

New York, NY 10003

   5.7

Class D Series of GEF-PS, LP

C/O Trade Operations

550 S. Tryon Street, Suite 3500

Charlotte, NC 28202

   5.3

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class V Shares of the Quality Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Alcoa Master Retirement Plans Trust

201 Isabella Street

Pittsburgh, PA 15212

   69.5

Pictet & Cie

FBO Djursholm Investments

60 Route Des Acacias

1211 Geneva 73

Switzerland

   13.9

Alcoa Foundation

201 Isabella Street

Pittsburgh, PA 15212

   6.4

Pictet & Cie

FBO Ingelstorp Investments

60 Route Des Acacias

1211 Geneva 73

Switzerland

   5.9

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Global Focused Equity Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

R. Jeremy Grantham

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   27.8

Benjamin L. Inker

776 Boylston Street, PH 1C

Boston, MA 02199

   26.4

Domenic M. Esposito

15 Longmeadow Drive

Westwood, MA 02090

   20.1

State Street Bank & Trust Co. as Custodian

FBO SEP IRA

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   5.8

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Developed World Stock Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Irving Oil Limited Master Trust

10 Sydney Street,

PO Box 1421

Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L4K1

Canada

   39.6

Dow Services Trustees UK Limited

Diamond House, Lotus Park

Kingsbury Crescent-Staines TW18 3Ag

United Kingdom

   35.1

 

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Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace St. Joseph Province Shalom Center

399 Hudson Terrace

Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632

   10.8

Pension Plan For Clergy And Lay Workers of The Evangelical

Lutheran Church

In Canada Member Accumulation Account

Elcic Group Services Inc.

805-177 Lombard Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3B 0W5

Canada

   9.3

Personalvorsorgestiftung Soudronic

Industriestrasse 35

Bergdietikon Ch 8962

Switzerland

   5.2

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class IV Shares of GMO Developed World Stock Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

The Dow Retirement Group Trust

Dorinco Building, Suite 100

1320 Waldo Ave

Midland, MI 48642

   99.9

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Risk Premium Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Sonoma County Employees Retirement Association

433 Aviation Boulevard, Suite 100

Santa Rosa, CA 95403

   57.6

Maximilian E & Marion O Hoffman Foundation

Treasurer & Chief Financial Officer

970 Farmington Ave, Suite 203

West Hartford, CT 06107

   41.8

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class IV Shares of GMO Risk Premium Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Municipal Fire & Police Retirement System of Iowa

7155 Lake Drive, Suite 201

West Des Moines, IA 50266

   100.0

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class VI Shares of GMO Risk Premium Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

GMO Benchmark-Free Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   35.2

Asset Allocation Trust

Wells Fargo Funds Management, LLC

200 Berkeley Street

21st Floor, Fund Administration

Boston, MA 02116

   25.7

GMO Global Asset Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   17.6

GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   10.9

Teacher Retirement System of Texas

Investment Operations

1000 Red River Street

Austin, TX 78701

   7.4

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Domestic Bond Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Teachers Retirement System of the City of New York

55 Water Street, 16th Floor

New York, NY 10041

   85.9

Municipal Fire & Police Retirement System of Iowa

7155 Lake Drive, Suite 201

West Des Moines, IA 50266

   9.4

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class VI Shares of the Domestic Bond Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Asset Allocation Trust

Wells Fargo Funds Management, LLC

200 Berkeley Street

21st Floor, Fund Administration

Boston, MA 02116

   64.3

GMO Global Asset Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   26.1

GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   6.8

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Core Plus Bond Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Kansas City, Missouri Employees’ Retirement System

City Hall, 414 E. 12th Street, 12th Floor

Kansas City, MO 64106

   97.6

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class IV Shares of GMO Core Plus Bond Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

The Northern Trust Company as Trustee

FBO Mayo Foundation

PO Box 92956

Chicago, IL 60675

   46.3

The Northern Trust Company as Trustee

FBO Mayo Foundation

PO Box 92956

Chicago, IL 60675

   30.1

Teachers’ Retirement System of The City of New York

55 Water Street,16th Floor

New York, NY 10041

   18.0

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO International Bond Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

University of Southern California

851 Downey Way, Hsh 101

Los Angeles, CA 90089

   48.5

SEI Private Trust Company

C/O Compass Bank

FBO U of Arizona Fdn- Endowment Mutual Funds

One Freedom Valley Drive

Oaks, PA 19456

   19.3

Mars Pension Trustees Ltd.

Discretionary Mandate

3D Dundee Road

Slough, Berkshire, SL14LG

United Kingdom

   10.6

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Stichting Pensioenfonds Atos Origin

Papendorpseweg 93

3528 BJ Utrecht

Netherlands

   40.7

Teachers’ Retirement System of The City of New York

55 Water Street, 16th Floor

New York, NY 10041

   32.1

Sonoma County Employees Retirement Association

433 Aviation Boulevard, Suite 100

Santa Rosa, CA 95403

   8.9

Municipal Fire & Police Retirement System of Iowa

7155 Lake Drive, Suite 201

West Des Moines, IA 50266

   8.5

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class VI Shares of GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Asset Allocation Trust Wells Fargo Funds Management, LLC

21st Floor - Fund Administration

200 Berkeley Street

Boston, MA 02116

   55.4

GMO Global Asset Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   18.1

GMO Benchmark-Free Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   8.7

GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   6.8

Mac & Co.

FBO Bell Atlantic Master Trust Verizon SFIF

PO Box 3198

525 William Penn Place

Pittsburgh, PA 15230

   5.6

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Teachers’ Retirement System of The City of New York

55 Water Street,16th Floor

New York, NY 10041

   93.7

SEI Private Trust Co

C/O Mellon Bank

FBO: Yale Trust 10114350100

One Freedom Valley Drive

Oaks, PA 19456

   5.8

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Global Bond Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Mars Pension Trustees Ltd.

3D Dundee Road Slough

Berkshire, SL14LG

United Kingdom

   39.8

General Retirement System of The City of Detroit

908 Coleman

A. Young Municipal Center

Detroit, MI 48226

   11.8

The Retirement Trust Fund of Lifeway Christian Resources

of South. Baptist Convention Lifeway Christian Resources

One Lifeway Plaza

Nashville, TN 37234

   10.4

Stichting Master foods Pensioenfonds

5466 Ae Veghel

Netherlands

   9.7

Mac & Co.

FBO Silicon Valley

525 William Penn Place

PO Box 3198

Pittsburgh, PA 15230

   7.2

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Lombard Odier Darier Hentsch & CIE/MBS Capital

FBO Ciepp

Rue De La Corraterie 11

1204 Geneve

Switzerland

   16.4

University of Southern California

851 Downey Way, Hsh 101

Los Angeles, CA 90089

   10.6

Sprint Corporate Master Trust

6200 Sprint Parkway

Ksophf0302 3B279

Overland Park, KS 66251

   6.0

Northwestern Memorial Healthcare

541 N. Fairbanks Court, Suite 1600

Chicago, IL 60611

   5.3

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class IV Shares of GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

San Francisco City & County Retirement System

Head Accountant

30 Van Ness Avenue, Suite 3000

San Francisco, CA 94102

   18.1

 

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Northern Trust as Trustee

FBO Centurylink

PO Box 92956

Chicago, IL 60675

   10.2    

Asset Allocation Trust

Wells Fargo Funds Management, LLC

200 Berkeley Street

21st Floor, Fund Administration

Boston, MA 02116

   9.9    

GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   8.3    

JP Morgan Nominees Australia Limited

FBO ACF Funds SA

Level 3 63 Pirie Street

Adelaide, SA 5000

Australia

   8.1    

CIBC Mellon Trust Company as

Trustee of the CN Canadian Master Trust Fund

320 Bay Street, Ground Floor

Toronto, Ontario

Canada M5H 4A6

   7.5    

CIBC Mellon Trust Company as

Trustee of the CN Canadian Master Trust Fund

320 Bay Street, Ground Floor

Toronto, Ontario

Canada M5H 4A6

   6.4    

Praxair Pension Plan

39 Old Ridebury Road

Danbury, CT 06810

   5.9    

GMO Benchmark-Free Fund

C/O GMO

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   5.3    

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Short Duration Collateral Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   53.2

GMO Domestic Bond Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   23.0

GMO Trust On Behalf of its Series

GMO Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   5.2

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Short Duration Collateral Share Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Thomas F. Cooper

16 Garland Road

Lincoln, MA 01773

   46.4

William L. Nemerever

535 Hammond Street

Chestnut Hill, MA 02467

   32.5

R. Jeremy Grantham

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   12.6

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO U.S. Treasury Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   31.4

 

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GMO Special Situations Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   20.6    

GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   13.6    

GMO Risk Premium Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   8.6    

GMO Alpha Only Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   5.5    

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Teachers’ Retirement System of The City of New York

55 Water Street, 16th Floor

New York, NY 10041

   73.2

Emerson Electric Co. Retirement Master Trust

8000 W. Florissant Avenue

PO Box 4100

Saint Louis, MO 63136

   26.8

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class VI Shares of GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Neighborhood Health Plan

C/O Partners Healthcare

101 Merrimack Street

4th Floor, Room 445

Boston, MA 02114

   55.9

 

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Mac & Co.

FBO Verizon, Bell Atlantic Master Trust

PO Box 3198

525 William Penn Place

Pittsburgh, PA 15230

   37.6     

VEBA Partnership N LP

One Verizon Way

Basking Ridge, NJ 07920

   6.1    

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO U.S. Equity Allocation Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Regime De Retraite Des Employees ET

Employes De La Ville De Sherbrooke

145 Wellington Nord

Sherbrooke, Quebec

Canada

   25.0

University of Hartford - Domestic

200 Bloomfield Avenue

West Hartford, CT 06117

   22.8

Wells Fargo Bank NA

FBO IMC Nurses

PO Box 1533

Minneapolis, MN 55480

   21.0

UNC Wilmington

601 South College Road

Wilmington, NC 28403

   13.3

MIT Alpha Equity Fund

238 MA in Street, Suite 200

Cambridge, MA 02142

   9.2

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO International Equity Allocation Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

GMO International Equity Allocation Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston ,MA 02110

   21.6

Mac & Co.

FBO Government of Nashville & Davidson County

PO Box 3198

525 William Penn Place

Pittsburgh, PA 15230

   8.7

The Savannah River Nuclear Solutions LLC

Building 703-47A, Room 114

Multiple Employer Pension Plan

Aiken, SC 29808

   8.2

Saskatchewan Telecommunications Pension Plan

2121 Saskatchewan Drive, 6th Floor

Regina, Saskatchewan, S4P 3Y2

Canada

   7.9

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Mac & Co.

FBO Lehigh Valley Hospital – Non Pension Trust

PO Box 3198

525 William Penn Place

Pittsburgh, PA 15230

   15.0

Mac & Co.

FBO Lehigh Valley Hospital – Pension

PO Box 3198

525 William Penn Place

Pittsburgh, PA 15230

   12.9

McMaster University Master Trust

1280 Main Street W

Hamilton, Ontario

Canada

   10.6

Teco Energy Group Retirement Plan

702 N. Franklin Street

Tampa, FL 33601

   6.0

 

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Park Randolph & Co

502 W. Windsor Road

Champaign, IL 61820

   5.9      

Wells Fargo Bank NA as Custodian for the

Farm Credit Fund Retirement Group

608 2nd Avenue South Street

Minneapolis, MN 55479

   5.8      

Wells Fargo Bank NA

FBO Gerdau Ameristeel Master Trust

PO Box 1533

Minneapolis, MN 55480

   5.5      

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Global Equity Allocation Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Ventura County Employees Retirement Association

1190 S Victoria Avenue, Suite 200

Ventura, CA 93003

   7.1

National Retirement Trust of the

Blue Cross Blue Shield Association

225 North Michigan Avenue Dept.

Chicago, IL 60601

   5.7

San Diego City Employees’ Retirement System

401 West A Street, Suite 400

San Diego, CA 92101

   5.7

Screen Actors Guild-Producers Pension Plan

3601 West Olive Avenue, 2nd Floor

Burbank, CA 91505

   5.4

Navy Federal Credit Union Employees’ Retirement Plan

Navy Federal Credit Union

820 Follin Lane

Vienna, VA 22180

   5.3

Fidelity Management Trust Company as Trustee for

Chevron Phillips Chemical, LP

82 Devonshire Street

Boston, MA 02109

   5.0

 

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The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Kellogg Company Master Retirement Trust

One Kellogg Square

Battle Creek, MI 49014

   13.5

Stichting Bedrijfstakpensioenfonds

Voor De ZoetwarenIndustrie

Syntrus Achmea Postbus

40048 Apeldoorn, 7300 AX

Netherlands

   11.2

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Global Asset Allocation Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

GMO Global Asset Allocation Series Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   12.3

Public Employees Retirement System of Ohio

277 E. Town Street

Columbus, OH 43215

   5.1

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

South Carolina Retirement System

202 Arbor Lake Drive

Columbia, SC 29223

   27.5

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of the Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

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Table of Contents

Name and Address

   % Ownership

GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Series Fund

C/O GMO LLC

40 Rowes Wharf

Boston, MA 02110

   10.4

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class IV Shares of the Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Northern Trust Co. Custodian

FBO Trinity Health Corporation

801 S. Canal Street

Chicago, IL 60607

   35.9

Northern Trust Co. Trustee

FBO Trinity Health Pension

801 S. Canal Street

Chicago, IL 60607

   27.5

Yocha Dehe Development Corporation

PO Box 18

Brooks, CA 95606

   23.4

The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class MF Shares of GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund as of June 4, 2013:

 

Name and Address

   % Ownership

Wells Fargo Funds Management

Wells Fargo Advantage Absolute Return FD

525 Market Street, 12th Floor

San Francisco, CA 94105

   100.0

 

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OTHER MATTERS

Indian regulators have alleged that in 2002, Emerging Markets Fund violated certain conditions under which it was granted permission to operate in India and have restricted Emerging Markets Fund’s locally held assets pending resolution of the dispute. Although these locally held assets remain the property of Emerging Markets Fund, a portion of the assets are not permitted to be withdrawn from the Fund’s local custodial account located in India. The amount of restricted assets is small relative to the size of the Fund, representing less than 0.1% of the Fund’s total assets as of May 31, 2013. The effect of this claim on the value of the restricted assets, and all matters relating to the Fund’s response to these allegations are subject to the supervision and control of the Trust’s Board of Trustees. Emerging Markets Fund’s costs in respect of this matter are being borne by the Fund.

In addition, in December 2005, Emerging Country Debt Fund entered into litigation against the Government of Argentina (“Argentina”) relating to Argentina’s failure to make payments on certain of its sovereign debt. On September 24, 2007, judgment was awarded in the Fund’s favor. Valuations of the Fund’s holdings of the applicable Argentine debt do not reflect any adjustment related to the judgment because of uncertainties associated with enforcement of the judgment. Costs in respect of this matter are being treated as “extraordinary expenses” and are being borne by the Fund. In 2010, Argentina commenced a public debt exchange in which certain defaulted debts, including legal judgments on those debts, were eligible to be exchanged for a combination of currently performing Argentina bonds, GDP-linked securities, and cash. The eligible portion of the Fund’s judgment and other defaulted Argentine debts were tendered in the debt exchange and the Fund subsequently received the proceeds of the exchange. The valuation of the remaining portion of the Fund’s judgment and all matters relating to the defaulted Argentine securities are subject to the supervision and control of the Trust’s Board of Trustees. The Fund’s judgment represented approximately 1.2% of the net assets of Emerging Country Debt Fund as of May 31, 2013.

On December 7, 2010, the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors of Tribune Company filed an amended complaint in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware naming more than 25,000 alleged Tribune shareholders (including GMO and the Trust) as defendants. The litigation seeks to recover pre-bankruptcy distributions by Tribune to its shareholders as part of a 2007 leveraged buyout of the company. The court has granted plaintiffs an extension through July 12, 2013, to effect service on all of the defendants.

In December 2011, creditors of LyondellBasell Industries AF S.C.A. (“LCI”) filed an amended complaint in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York naming numerous defendants, including U.S. Core Equity Fund and U.S. Growth Fund. The litigation seeks to recover pre-bankruptcy distributions by Lyondell Chemical Company (the predecessor to LBI) to its shareholders as part of a 2007 leveraged buyout transaction of Lyondell Chemical Company by which the Company converted to a privately held company, renamed LyondellBasell Industries AF S.C.A. The creditors allege that certain parties to the LBO damaged LBI and ultimately forced LBI and its subsidiaries to file for bankruptcy protection in 2009. As of June 1, 2013, various motions to dismiss remained pending before the Court. Costs in respect of this matter are being treated as “extraordinary expenses” and are being borne by the Funds.

 

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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Trust’s audited financial statements, financial highlights, and report of the independent registered public accounting firm of the Funds, included in the Annual Report for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2013 for each Fund and filed with the SEC pursuant to Section 30(d) of the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder, are hereby incorporated in this SAI by reference.The Funds’ Annual Reports for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2013 were filed electronically with the SEC on Form N-CSR on April 30, 2013 (Accession No.0001193125-13-187311).

 

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Appendix A

 

GMO TRUST

SPECIMEN PRICE MAKE-UP SHEETS

Following are computations for each Fund of the total offering price per share of each class of shares of beneficial interest of the Fund that are offered through the Prospectus and that had shares of beneficial interest outstanding as of February 28, 2013, in each case based upon their respective net asset values and shares of beneficial interest outstanding as of the close of business on February 28, 2013. International Large/Mid Cap Value Fund, Asset Allocation International Small Companies Fund, and Asset Allocation International Bond Fund will commence operations on or following the date of this SAI and, therefore, do not yet have any shares of beneficial interest outstanding as of this date.

 

U.S. Core Equity Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $14.51 per share based on 12,983,281 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 188,363,345   

Offering Price

   $ 14.51   

U.S. Core Equity Fund-Class IV

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $14.48 per share based on 3,096,837 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 44,849,402   

Offering Price

   $ 14.48   

U.S. Core Equity Fund-Class VI

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $14.47 per share based on 86,352,073 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 1,249,116,990   

Offering Price

   $ 14.47   

U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $9.44 per share based on 1,131,892 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 10,690,261   

Offering Price

   $ 9.44   

U.S. Growth Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $19.14 per share based on 116,083 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 2,221,641   

Offering Price

   $ 19.14   

U.S. Small/Mid Cap Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $9.88 per share based on 991,285 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 9,792,722   

Offering Price (9.88 x 100 / 99.70)*

   $ 9.91   

Real Estate Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $9.80 per share based on 1,211,669 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 11,879,314   

Offering Price

   $ 9.80   

International Core Equity Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $28.96 per share based on 21,475,875 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 621,870,229   

 

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Offering Price

   $ 28.96   

International Core Equity Fund-Class IV

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $28.94 per share based on 48,201,348 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 1,394,919,043   

Offering Price

   $ 28.94   

International Core Equity Fund-Class VI

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $28.91 per share based on 85,847,872 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 2,481,773,355   

Offering Price

   $ 28.91   

International Intrinsic Value Fund-Class II

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $20.94 per share based on 8,073,690 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 169,056,130   

Offering Price

   $ 20.94   

International Intrinsic Value Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $21.16 per share based on 72,781,573 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 1,540,202,868   

Offering Price

   $ 21.16   

International Intrinsic Value Fund-Class IV

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $21.14 per share based on 348,536,582 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 7,366,819,324   

Offering Price

   $ 21.14   

International Growth Equity Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $25.35 per share based on 12,730,591 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 322,691,601   

Offering Price

   $ 25.35   

International Growth Equity Fund-Class IV

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $25.35 per share based on 84,943,015 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 2,153,268,805   

Offering Price

   $ 25.35   

International Small Companies Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $8.34 per share based on 37,602,398 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 313,557,119   

Offering Price (8.34 x 100 / 99.50)*

   $ 8.38   

Tax-Managed International Equities Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $14.56 per share based on 32,904,280 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 479,005,392   

Offering Price

   $ 14.56   

Foreign Fund-Class II

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $11.57 per share based on 18,762,317 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 217,051,917   

Offering Price

   $ 11.57   

Foreign Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $11.64 per share based on 19,096,259 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 222,261,863   

 

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Offering Price

   $ 11.64   

Foreign Fund-Class IV

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $11.92 per share based on 7,464,910 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 88,991,632   

Offering Price

   $ 11.92   

Foreign Small Companies Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $14.40 per share based on 21,836,600 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 314,389,143   

Offering Price (14.40 x 100 / 99.50)*

   $ 14.47   

Foreign Small Companies Fund-Class IV

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $14.37 per share based on 32,814,642 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 471,627,987   

Offering Price (14.37 x 100 / 99.50)

   $ 14.44   

Emerging Markets Fund-Class II

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $11.74 per share based on 170,739,485 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 2,004,693,953   

Offering Price (11.74 x 100 / 99.20)*

   $ 11.83   

Emerging Markets Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $11.77 per share based on 82,409,326 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 970,102,074   

Offering Price (11.77 x 100 / 99.20)*

   $ 11.86   

Emerging Markets Fund-Class IV

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $11.68 per share based on 126,860,923 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 1,481,411,456   

Offering Price (11.68 x 100 / 99.20)*

   $ 11.77   

Emerging Markets Fund-Class V

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $11.66 per share based on 58,126,377 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 677,795,674   

Offering Price (11.66 x 100 / 99.20)*

   $ 11.75   

Emerging Markets Fund-Class VI

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $11.68 per share based on 485,644,558 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 5,673,002,493   

Offering Price (11.68 x 100 / 99.20)*

   $ 11.77   

Emerging Countries Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $10.61 per share based on 12,684,795 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 134,534,602   

Offering Price

   $ 10.61   

Emerging Countries Fund-Class M

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $10.44 per share based on 1,556,925 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 16,260,586   

Offering Price

   $ 10.44   

Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund-Class II

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $24.60 per share based on 14,328,953 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 352,478,903   

 

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Offering Price (24.60 x 100 / 99.20)*

   $ 24.80   

Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $24.59 per share based on 4,259,724 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 104,739,506   

Offering Price (24.59 x 100 / 99.20)*

   $ 24.79   

Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund-Class IV

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $24.60 per share based on 21,073,518 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 518,430,413   

Offering Price (24.60 x 100 / 99.20)*

   $ 24.80   

Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund-Class VI

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $24.65 per share based on 26,533,579 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 654,063,015   

Offering Price (24.65 x 100 / 99.20)*

   $ 24.85   

Taiwan Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $20.43 per share based on 2,754,586 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 56,282,629   

Offering Price (20.43 x 100 / 99.85)*

   $ 20.46   

Flexible Equities Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $21.16 per share based on 3,452,742 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 73,051,505   

Offering Price

   $ 21.16   

Flexible Equities Fund-Class VI

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $21.16 per share based on 44,394,068 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 939,395,301   

Offering Price

   $ 21.16   

Resources Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $21.59 per share based on 4,827,116 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 104,240,669   

Offering Price (21.59 x 100 / 99.70)*

   $ 21.65   

Currency Hedged International Equity Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $24.21 per share based on 93,233,055 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 2,256,714,466   

Offering Price

   $ 24.21   

Quality Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $23.81 per share based on 280,695,036 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 6,682,280,728   

Offering Price

   $ 23.81   

Quality Fund-Class IV

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $23.83 per share based on 87,260,736 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 2,079,054,949   

Offering Price

   $ 23.83   

Quality Fund-Class V

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $23.82 per share based on 19,101,865 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 455,097,129   

Offering Price

   $ 23.82   

 

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Quality Fund-Class VI

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $23.82 per share based on 173,853,733 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 4,140,415,646   

Offering Price

   $ 23.82   

Global Focused Equity Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $23.67 per share based on 367,976 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 8,711,344   

Offering Price

   $ 23.67   

Developed World Stock Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $19.41 per share based on 7,475,509 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 145,072,291   

Offering Price (19.41 x 100 / 99.75)*

   $ 19.46   

Developed World Stock Fund-Class IV

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $19.42 per share based on 11,084,964 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 215,262,075   

Offering Price (19.42 x 100 / 99.75)*

   $ 19.47   

Risk Premium Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $10.53 per share based on 645,135 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 6,793,263   

Offering Price (10.53 x 100 / 99.85)*

   $ 10.55   

Risk Premium Fund-Class IV

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $10.54 per share based on 782,428 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 8,244,253   

Offering Price (10.54 x 100 / 99.85)*

   $ 10.56   

Risk Premium Fund-Class VI

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $10.53 per share based on 58,524,290 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 616,464,046   

Offering Price (10.53 x 100 / 99.85)

   $ 10.55   

Domestic Bond Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $17.21 per share based on 2,708,119 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 46,596,004   

Offering Price

   $ 17.21   

Domestic Bond Fund – Class VI

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $17.30 per share based on 10,041,055 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 173,702,260   

Offering Price

   $ 17.30   

Core Plus Bond Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $7.41 per share based on 6,588,846 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 48,830,635   

Offering Price

   $ 7.41   

Core Plus Bond Fund-Class IV

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $7.43 per share based on 25,652,412 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 190,526,649   

 

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Appendix A

 

Offering Price

   $ 7.43   

International Bond Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $6.84 per share based on 10,377,659 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 70,948,893   

Offering Price

   $ 6.84   

Strategic Fixed Income Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $16.42 per share based on 8,202,689 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 134,724,069   

Offering Price (16.42 x 100 / 99.80)*

   $ 16.45   

Strategic Fixed Income Fund-Class VI

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $16.43 per share based on 102,440,774 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 1,682,634,384   

Offering Price (16.43 x 100 / 99.80)*

   $ 16.46   

Currency Hedged International Bond Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $8.76 per share based on 7,935,753 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 69,527,278   

Offering Price

   $ 8.76   

Global Bond Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $8.37 per share based on 19,758,196 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 165,337,071   

Offering Price

   $ 8.37   

Emerging Country Debt Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $10.34 per share based on 41,333,197 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 427,339,214   

Offering Price (10.34 x 100 / 99.50)*

   $ 10.39   

Emerging Country Debt Fund-Class IV

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $10.33 per share based on 184,772,556 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 1,908,041,015   

Offering Price (10.33 x 100 / 99.50)*

   $ 10.38   

Short-Duration Collateral Fund

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $3.90 per share based on 197,435,844 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 770,272,499   

Offering Price

   $ 3.90   

Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $21.30 per share based on 1,784,477 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 38,012,984   

Offering Price

   $ 21.30   

U.S. Treasury Fund

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $25.00 per share based on 116,476,003 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 2,912,203,495   

Offering Price

   $ 25.00   

Asset Allocation Bond Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $24.43 per share based on 3,732,435 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 91,186,121   

 

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Appendix A

 

Offering Price

   $ 24.43   

Asset Allocation Bond Fund-Class VI

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $24.46 per share based on 3,598,869 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 88,029,232   

Offering Price

   $ 24.46   

U.S. Equity Allocation Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $30.85 per share based on 2,608,570 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 80,483,998   

Offering Price

   $ 30.85   

International Equity Allocation Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $10.43 per share based on 132,865,681 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 1,385,150,141   

Offering Price (10.43 x 100 / 99.79)*

   $ 10.45   

International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $14.86 per share based on 65,068,232 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 966,794,067   

Offering Price

   $ 14.86   

Global Equity Allocation Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $8.60 per share based on 258,125,797 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 2,220,673,948   

Offering Price (8.60 x 100 / 99.88)*

   $ 8.61   

World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $21.13 per share based on 72,509,293 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 1,531,772,013   

Offering Price

   $ 21.13   

Global Asset Allocation Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $10.90 per share based on 436,938,533 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 4,764,132,828   

Offering Price (10.90 x 100 / 99.90)*

   $ 10.91   

Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $21.47 per share based on 101,021,447 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 2,168,927,512   

Offering Price (21.47 x 100 / 99.93)*

   $ 21.49   

Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $25.77 per share based on $37,674,606 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 970,748,579   

 

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Offering Price (25.77 x 100 / 99.88)

   $ 25.80   

Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund-Class IV

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $25.75 per share based on 27,411,909 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 705,981,999   

Offering Price (25.75 x 100 / 99.88)*

   $ 25.78   

Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund-Class MF

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $25.76 per share based on 114,428,823 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 2,947,885,953   

Offering Price (25.76 x 100 / 99.88)*

   $ 25.79   

Alpha Only Fund-Class III

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $24.22 per share based on 2,142,507 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 51,886,351   

Offering Price

   $ 24.22   

Alpha Only Fund-Class IV

  

Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $24.24 per share based on 139,816,202 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)

   $ 3,389,130,622   

Offering Price

   $ 24.24   

Footnotes to Specimen Price Make-Up Sheets

 

*  Represents maximum offering price charged on certain cash purchases. See “How to Purchase Shares” and “Purchase Premiums and Redemption Fees” in the Fund’s Prospectus.

 

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Appendix B

 

COMMERCIAL PAPER AND CORPORATE DEBT RATINGS

Commercial Paper Ratings

Standard & Poor’s. Standard & Poor’s short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days – including commercial paper. The following are excerpts from Standard & Poor’s short-term issue credit ratings definitions:

A-1 — A short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

A-2 — A short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

A-3 — A short-term obligation rated “A-3” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

B — A short-term obligation rated “B” is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

C — A short-term obligation rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

D — A short-term obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation, including a regulatory capital instrument, are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

Moody’s. Moody’s short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs, or to individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months. The following are excerpts from Moody’s short-term ratings definitions:

P-1 — Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

 

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Appendix B

 

P-2 — Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

P-3 — Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

NP — Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

Corporate Debt Ratings

Standard & Poor’s. A Standard & Poor’s issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program. The following are excerpts from Standard & Poor’s long-term issue credit ratings definitions:

AAA — An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

AA — An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.

A — An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.

BBB — An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

BB, B, CCC, CC, and C — Obligations rated “BB”, “B”, “CCC”, “CC”, and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

BB — An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

B — An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB”, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

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Appendix B

 

CCC — An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

CC — An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.

C — A “C” rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default. Among others, the “C” rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instrument’s terms or when preferred stock is the subject of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.

D — An obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made within five business days, irrespective of any grace period. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized. An obligation’s rating is lowered to “D” upon completion of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.

Plus (+) or Minus (-) — The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

NR — This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

Moody’s. Moody’s long-term ratings are opinions of the relative credit risk of financial obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. They address the possibility that a financial obligation will not be honored as promised. Such ratings use Moody’s Global Scale and reflect both the likelihood of default and any financial loss suffered in the event of default. The following are excerpts from Moody’s long-term obligation ratings definitions:

Aaa — Obligations rated “Aaa” are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.

Aa — Obligations rated “Aa” are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

A — Obligations rated “A” are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

 

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Baa — Obligations rated “Baa” are judged to be medium grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

Ba — Obligations rated “Ba” are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.

B — Obligations rated “B” are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

Caa — Obligations rated “Caa” are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

Ca — Obligations rated “Ca” are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

C — Obligations rated “C” are the lowest rated class and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aaa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a “(hyb)” indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.*

 

* By their terms, hybrid securities allow for the omission of scheduled dividends, interest, or principal payments, which can potentially result in impairment if such an omission occurs. Hybrid securities also may be subject to contractually allowable write-downs of principal that could result in impairment. Together with the hybrid indicator, the long-term obligation rating assigned to a hybrid security is an expression of the relative credit risk associated with that security.

 

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Appendix C

 

GMO TRUST

PROXY VOTING POLICY

Adopted September 16, 2003, Revised March 11, 2010

I. Statement of Policy

GMO Trust (the “Trust”) delegates the authority and responsibility to vote proxies related to portfolio securities held by the series of the Trust (each, a “Fund,” and collectively, the “Funds”) to Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC, its investment adviser (the “Adviser”).

The Board of Trustees (the “Board”) of the Trust has reviewed and approved the use of the proxy voting policies and procedures of the Adviser (“Proxy Voting Procedures”) on behalf of the Funds when exercising voting authority on behalf of the Funds.

II. Standard

The Adviser shall vote proxies related to portfolio securities in the best interests of the Funds and their shareholders. In the event of any conflicts of interest between the Adviser and the Funds, the Adviser shall follow procedures that enable it to cause the proxy to be voted in the best interests of the Funds and their shareholders, which may include (1) causing the proxy to be voted pursuant to the recommendation of an independent third party, pursuant to pre-established proxy voting guidelines, or (2) seeking instructions from the Board on the manner in which the proxy should be voted.

III. Review of Proxy Voting Procedures

The Board shall periodically review the Proxy Voting Procedures presented by the Adviser.

The Adviser shall provide periodic reports to the Board regarding any proxy votes where a material conflict of interest was identified except in circumstances where the Adviser caused the proxy to be voted consistent with the recommendation of the independent third party.

The Adviser shall notify the Board promptly of any material change to its Proxy Voting Procedures.

IV. Securities Lending

When a Fund lends its portfolio securities, the Adviser pursuant to the authority delegated to it by the Fund retains an obligation with respect to voting proxies relating to such securities. However, while such securities are on loan, a Fund will not have the right to vote the proxies relating to those securities. As a result, a Fund will only loan its portfolio securities pursuant to securities lending arrangements that permit the Fund to recall a loaned security or to exercise voting rights associated with the security. However, the Adviser generally will not arrange to have a security recalled or to exercise voting rights associated with a security unless the Adviser both (1) receives adequate notice of a proposal upon which shareholders are being asked to vote (which the Adviser often does not receive, particularly in the case of non-U.S. issuers) and (2) the Adviser believes that the benefits to the Fund of voting on such proposal outweigh the benefits to the Fund of having the security remain out on loan. The Adviser may use third party service providers to assist it in identifying and evaluating proposals, and to assist it in recalling loaned securities for proxy voting purposes.

 

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V. Certain Non-U.S. Markets

In certain non-U.S. markets, shareholders who vote proxies of a non-U.S. issuer may not be able to trade in the issuer’s stock for a period of time around the shareholder meeting date. In addition, there may be other costs or impediments to voting proxies in certain non-U.S. markets (e.g., receiving adequate notice, arranging for a proxy, and re-registration requirements). In non-U.S. markets with the foregoing attributes, the Adviser generally will determine not to vote proxies unless it believes that the potential benefits to the Fund of voting outweigh the impairment of portfolio management flexibility and the expected costs/impediments associated with voting.

VI. Disclosure

The following disclosure shall be provided:

 

  A. Each Fund’s proxy voting record shall annually be included in the Fund’s Form N-PX.

 

  B. The Adviser shall cause each Fund to include the Trust’s proxy voting policies and procedures in the Trust’s statement of additional information.

 

  C. Each Fund’s shareholder report shall include a statement that a description of the Fund’s proxy voting policies and procedures is available (i) without charge, upon request, by calling a specified toll-free or collect telephone number; (ii) on the Fund’s website, if applicable; and (iii) on the Commission’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

  D. The Trust’s statement of additional information and each Fund’s shareholder report shall include a statement that information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available (i) without charge, upon request, by calling a specified toll-free or collect telephone number, or on or through the Fund’s website, or both; and (ii) on the Commission’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

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GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC

GMO AUSTRALASIA LLC

(TOGETHER “GMO”)

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

Amended and Restated as of May 12, 2011

Amended as of December 12, 2011

 

I. Introduction and General Principles

GMO provides investment advisory services primarily to institutional, including both ERISA and non-ERISA clients, and commercial clients. GMO understands that proxy voting is an integral aspect of security ownership. Accordingly, in cases where GMO has been delegated authority to vote proxies, that function must be conducted with the same degree of prudence and loyalty accorded any fiduciary or other obligation of an investment manager.

This policy permits clients of GMO to: (1) delegate to GMO the responsibility and authority to vote proxies on their behalf according to GMO’s proxy voting polices and guidelines; (2) delegate to GMO the responsibility and authority to vote proxies on their behalf according to the particular client’s own proxy voting policies and guidelines; or (3) elect to vote proxies themselves. In instances where clients elect to vote their own proxies, GMO shall not be responsible for voting proxies on behalf of such clients.

GMO believes that the following policies and procedures are reasonably designed to ensure that proxy matters are conducted in the best interest of its clients, in accordance with GMO’s fiduciary duties, applicable rules under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA clients set out in the Department of Labor interpretations.

 

II. Proxy Voting Guidelines

GMO has engaged Institutional Shareholder Services Group, Inc. (“ISS”) as its proxy voting agent to:

 

  (1) research and make voting recommendations or, for matters for which GMO has so delegated, to make the voting determinations;

 

  (2) ensure that proxies are voted and submitted in a timely manner;

 

  (3) handle other administrative functions of proxy voting;

 

  (4) maintain records of proxy statements received in connection with proxy votes and provide copies of such proxy statements promptly upon request;

 

  (5) maintain records of votes cast; and

 

  (6) provide recommendations with respect to proxy voting matters in general.

 

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Proxies generally will be voted in accordance with the voting recommendations contained in the applicable domestic or global ISS Proxy Voting Manual, as in effect from time to time, subject to such modifications as may be determined by GMO (as described below). Copies of concise summaries of the current domestic and global ISS proxy voting guidelines are attached to these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures as Exhibit A. To the extent GMO determines to adopt proxy voting guidelines that differ from the ISS proxy voting recommendations, such guidelines will be set forth on Exhibit B and proxies with respect to such matters will be voted in accordance with the guidelines set forth on Exhibit B. GMO reserves the right to modify any of the recommendations set forth in the ISS Proxy Voting Manual in the future. If any such changes are made, an amended Exhibit B to these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures will be made available for clients.

Except in instances where a GMO client retains voting authority, GMO will instruct custodians of client accounts to forward all proxy statements and materials received in respect of client accounts to ISS.

In certain non-U.S. markets, shareholders who vote proxies of a non-U.S. issuer may not be able to trade in the issuer’s stock for a period of time around the shareholder meeting date. In addition, there may be other costs or impediments to voting proxies in certain non-U.S. markets (e.g., receiving adequate notice, arranging for a proxy, and re-registration requirements). In non-U.S. markets with the foregoing attributes, GMO generally will determine to not vote proxies unless it believes that the potential benefits to the client of voting outweigh the impairment of portfolio management flexibility and the expected costs/impediments associated with voting. In addition, if a portfolio security is out on loan, GMO generally will not arrange to have the security recalled or to exercise voting rights associated with the security unless GMO both (1) receives adequate notice of a proposal upon which shareholders are being asked to vote (which GMO often does not receive, particularly in the case of non-U.S. issuers) and (2) GMO believes that the benefits to the client of voting on such proposal outweigh the benefits to the client of having the security remain out on loan. GMO may use third-party service providers to assist it in identifying and evaluating proposals, and to assist it in recalling loaned securities for proxy voting purposes.

 

III. Proxy Voting Procedures

GMO has a Corporate Actions Group with responsibility for administering the proxy voting process, including:

 

  1. Implementing and updating the applicable domestic and global ISS proxy voting guidelines set forth in the ISS Proxy Voting Manual, as modified from time to time by Exhibit B hereto;

 

  2. Overseeing the proxy voting process; and

 

  3. Providing periodic reports to GMO’s Compliance Department and clients as requested.

There may be circumstances under which a portfolio manager or other GMO investment professional (“GMO Investment Professional”) believes that it is in the best interest of a client or clients to vote

 

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proxies in a manner inconsistent with the proxy voting guidelines described in Section II. In such an event, the GMO Investment Professional will inform GMO’s Corporate Actions Group of its decision to vote such proxy in a manner inconsistent with the proxy voting guidelines described in Section II. GMO’s Corporate Actions Group will report to GMO’s Compliance Department no less than quarterly any instance where a GMO Investment Professional has decided to vote a proxy on behalf of a client in that manner.

 

IV. Conflicts of Interest

As ISS will vote proxies in accordance with the proxy voting guidelines described in Section II, GMO believes that this process is reasonably designed to address conflicts of interest that may arise between GMO and a client as to how proxies are voted.

In addition, if GMO is aware that one of the following conditions exists with respect to a proxy, GMO shall consider such event a potential material conflict of interest:

 

  1. GMO has a business relationship or potential relationship with the issuer;

 

  2. GMO has a business relationship with the proponent of the proxy proposal; or

 

  3. GMO members, employees or consultants have a personal or other business relationship with the participants in the proxy contest, such as corporate directors or director candidates.

In the event of a potential material conflict of interest, GMO will (i) vote such proxy according to Exhibit B (if applicable) or the specific recommendation of ISS; (ii) seek instructions from the client or request that the client votes such proxy, or (iii) abstain. All such instances shall be reported to GMO’s Compliance Department at least quarterly.

 

V. Special Procedures for Voting Shares of GMO Trust

GMO’s responsibility and authority to vote proxies on behalf of its clients for shares of GMO Trust, a family of registered mutual funds for which GMO serves as the investment adviser, may give rise to conflicts of interest. Accordingly, GMO will (i) vote such proxies in the best interests of its clients with respect to routine matters, including proxies relating to the election of Trustees; and (ii) with respect to matters where a conflict of interest exists between GMO and GMO Trust, such as proxies relating to a new or amended investment management contract between GMO Trust and GMO, or a re-organization of a series of GMO Trust, GMO will either (a) vote such proxies in the same proportion as the votes cast with respect to that proxy, or (b) seek instructions from its clients and vote on accordance with those instructions.

 

VI. Special Procedures for Voting Shares of GMO Series Trust

GMO also serves as investment adviser for the GMO Series Trust family of registered mutual funds. Each series of GMO Series Trust is a “Feeder Fund” investing substantially of its assets in shares of a corresponding series of GMO Trust (each a “Master Fund”) in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(E) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”). In

 

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accordance with Section 12(d)(1)(E) of the 1940 Act, GMO will either (i) seek instructions from a Feeder Fund’s holders with regard to the voting of all proxies with respect to the Feeder Fund’s shares in the corresponding Master Fund and vote such proxies only in accordance with such instructions, or (ii) vote the shares of the corresponding Master Fund held by a Feeder Fund in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of the Master Fund.

 

VII. Recordkeeping

GMO will maintain records relating to the implementation of these proxy voting policies and procedures, including:

 

  (1) a copy of these policies and procedures which shall be made available to clients, upon request;

 

  (2) a record of each vote cast (which ISS maintains on GMO’s behalf); and

 

  (3) each written client request for proxy records and GMO’s written response to any client request for such records.

Such proxy voting records shall be maintained for a period of five years.

 

VIII.   Disclosure

Except as otherwise required by law, GMO has a general policy of not disclosing to any issuer or third party how GMO or its voting delegate voted a client’s proxy.

 

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Exhibit A

 

 

LOGO

 

 

2013 U.S. Proxy Voting Concise Guidelines

December 19, 2012

 

 

Institutional Shareholder Services Inc.

Copyright © 2012 by ISS

www.issgovernance.com

 

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ISS’ 2013 U.S. PROXY VOTING CONCISE GUIDELINES

The policies contained herein are sampling of select, key proxy voting guidelines and are not exhaustive. A full listing of ISS’ 2013 proxy voting guidelines can be found at

http://www.issgovernance.com/files/2013lSSUSSummarvGuidelines.pdf

Routine/Miscellaneous

Auditor Ratification

Vote FOR proposals to ratify auditors unless any of the following apply:

 

    An auditor has a financial interest in or association with the company, and is therefore not independent;

 

    There is reason to believe that the independent auditor has rendered an opinion that is neither accurate nor indicative of the company’s financial position;

 

    Poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a serious level of concern, such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Section 404 disclosures; or

 

    Fees for non-audit services (“Other” fees) are excessive.

Non-audit fees are excessive if:

 

    Non-audit (“other”) fees > audit fees + audit-related fees + tax compliance/preparation fees.

 

 

LOGO

Board of Directors:

Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections

Votes on director nominees should be determined CASE-BY-CASE.

Four fundamental principles apply when determining votes on director nominees:

 

  1. Board Accountability

 

  2. Board Responsiveness

 

  3. Director Independence

 

  4. Director Competence

 

1. Board Accountability

Vote AGAINST1 or WITHHOLD from the entire board of directors (except new nominees2, who should be considered CASE-BY-CASE) for the following:

 

 

1  In general, companies with a plurality vote standard use “Withhold” as the contrary vote option in director elections; companies with a majority vote standard use “Against”. However, it will vary by company and the proxy must be checked to determine the valid contrary vote option for the particular company.

 

 

 

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Problematic Takeover Defenses

Classified Board Structure:

 

  1.1. The board is classified, and a continuing director responsible for a problematic governance issue at the board/committee level that would warrant a withhold/against vote recommendation is not up for election. All appropriate nominees (except new) may be held accountable.

Director Performance Evaluation:

 

  1.2. The board lacks accountability and oversight, coupled with sustained poor performance relative to peers. Sustained poor performance is measured by one- and three-year total shareholder returns in the bottom half of a company’s four-digit GICS industry group (Russell 3000 companies only). Take into consideration the company’s five-year total shareholder return and operational metrics. Problematic provisions include but are not limited to:

 

    A classified board structure;

 

    A supermajority vote requirement;

 

    Either a plurality vote standard in uncontested director elections or a majority vote standard with no plurality carve-out for contested elections;

 

    The inability of shareholders to call special meetings;

 

    The inability of shareholders to act by written consent;

 

    A dual-class capital structure; and/or

 

    A non–shareholder-approved poison pill.

Poison Pills:

 

  1.3. The company’s poison pill has a “dead-hand” or “modified dead-hand” feature. Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from nominees every year until this feature is removed;

 

  1.4. The board adopts a poison pill with a term of more than 12 months (“long-term pill”), or renews any existing pill, including any “short-term” pill (12 months or less), without shareholder approval. A commitment or policy that puts a newly adopted pill to a binding shareholder vote may potentially offset an adverse vote recommendation. Review such companies with classified boards every year, and such companies with annually elected boards at least once every three years, and vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD votes from all nominees if the company still maintains a non-shareholder-approved poison pill; or

 

  1.5. The board makes a material adverse change to an existing poison pill without shareholder approval.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on all nominees if:

 

  1.6. The board adopts a poison pill with a term of 12 months or less (“short-term pill”) without shareholder approval, taking into account the following factors:

 

    The date of the pill’s adoption relative to the date of the next meeting of shareholders—i.e. whether the company had time to put the pill on ballot for shareholder ratification given the circumstances;

 

    The issuer’s rationale;

 

    The issuer’s governance structure and practices; and

 

    The issuer’s track record of accountability to shareholders.

 

 

2  A “new nominee” is any current nominee who has not already been elected by shareholders and who joined the board after the problematic action in question transpired. If ISS cannot determine whether the nominee joined the board before or after the problematic action transpired, the nominee will be considered a “new nominee” if he or she joined the board within the 12 months prior to the upcoming shareholder meeting.

 

 

 

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Problematic Audit-Related Practices

Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the members of the Audit Committee if:

 

  1.7. The non-audit fees paid to the auditor are excessive (see discussion under “Auditor Ratification”);

 

  1.8. The company receives an adverse opinion on the company’s financial statements from its auditor; or

 

  1.9. There is persuasive evidence that the Audit Committee entered into an inappropriate indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the company, or its shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on members of the Audit Committee and potentially the full board if:

 

  1.10. Poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a level of serious concern, such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Section 404 disclosures. Examine the severity, breadth, chronological sequence and duration, as well as the company’s efforts at remediation or corrective actions, in determining whether WITHHOLD/AGAINST votes are warranted.

Problematic Compensation Practices/Pay for Performance Misalignment

In the absence of an Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation ballot item or in egregious situations, vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:

 

  1.11. There is a significant misalignment between CEO pay and company performance (pay for performance);

 

  1.12. The company maintains significant problematic pay practices;

 

  1.13. The board exhibits a significant level of poor communication and responsiveness to shareholders;

 

  1.14. The company fails to submit one-time transfers of stock options to a shareholder vote; or

 

  1.15. The company fails to fulfill the terms of a burn rate commitment made to shareholders.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on Compensation Committee members (or, in exceptional cases, the full board) and the Management Say-on-Pay proposal if:

 

  1.16. The company’s previous say-on-pay proposal received the support of less than 70 percent of votes cast, taking into account:

 

    The company’s response, including:

 

    Disclosure of engagement efforts with major institutional investors regarding the issues that contributed to the low level of support;

 

    Specific actions taken to address the issues that contributed to the low level of support;

 

    Other recent compensation actions taken by the company;

 

    Whether the issues raised are recurring or isolated;

 

    The company’s ownership structure; and

 

    Whether the support level was less than 50 percent, which would warrant the highest degree of responsiveness.

Governance Failures

Under extraordinary circumstances, vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board, due to:

 

  1.17. Material failures of governance, stewardship, risk oversight3, or fiduciary responsibilities at the company;

 

 

3  Examples of failure of risk oversight include, but are not limited to: bribery; large or serial fines or sanctions from regulatory bodies; significant adverse legal judgments or settlements; hedging of company stock; or significant pledging of company stock.

 

 

 

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  1.18. Failure to replace management as appropriate; or

 

  1.19. Egregious actions related to a director’s service on other boards that raise substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management and serve the best interests of shareholders at any company.

 

2. Board Responsiveness:

Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from individual directors, committee members, or the entire board of directors as appropriate if:

 

  2.1. For 2013, the board failed to act4 on a shareholder proposal that received the support of a majority of the shares outstanding the previous year;

 

  2.2. For 2013, the board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received the support of a majority of shares cast in the last year and one of the two previous years;

 

  2.3. For 2014, the board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received the support of a majority of the shares cast in the previous year;

 

  2.4. The board failed to act on takeover offers where the majority of shares are tendered;

 

  2.5. At the previous board election, any director received more than 50 percent withhold/against votes of the shares cast and the company has failed to address the issue(s) that caused the high withhold/against vote; or

 

  2.6. The board implements an advisory vote on executive compensation on a less frequent basis than the frequency that received the majority of votes cast at the most recent shareholder meeting at which shareholders voted on the say-on-pay frequency.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the entire board if:

 

2.7. The board implements an advisory vote on executive compensation on a less frequent basis than the frequency that received a plurality, but not a majority, of the votes cast at the most recent shareholder meeting at which shareholders voted on the say-on-pay frequency, taking into account:

 

    The board’s rationale for selecting a frequency that is different from the frequency that received a plurality;

 

    The company’s ownership structure and vote results;

 

    ISS’ analysis of whether there are compensation concerns or a history of problematic compensation practices; and

 

    The previous year’s support level on the company’s say-on-pay proposal.

 

3. Director Independence

Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from Inside Directors and Affiliated Outside Directors (per the Categorization of Directors) when:

 

  3.1. The inside or affiliated outside director serves on any of the three key committees: audit, compensation, or nominating;

 

 

4  Responding to the shareholder proposal will generally mean either full implementation of the proposal or, if the matter requires a vote by shareholders, a management proposal on the next annual ballot to implement the proposal. Responses that involve less than full implementation will be considered on a case-by-case basis, taking into account:

 

    The subject matter of the proposal;

 

    The level of support and opposition provided to the resolution in past meetings;

 

    Disclosed outreach efforts by the board to shareholders in the wake of the vote;

 

    Actions taken by the board in response to its engagement with shareholders;

 

    The continuation of the underlying issue as a voting item on the ballot (as either shareholder or management proposals); and

 

    Other factors as appropriate.

 

 

 

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  3.2. The company lacks an audit, compensation, or nominating committee so that the full board functions as that committee;

 

  3.3. The company lacks a formal nominating committee, even if the board attests that the independent directors fulfill the functions of such a committee; or

 

  3.4. Independent directors make up less than a majority of the directors.

 

4. Director Competence

Attendance at Board and Committee Meetings:

 

  4.1. Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from directors (except new nominees, who should be considered CASE-BY-CASE5) who attend less than 75 percent of the aggregate of their board and committee meetings for the period for which they served, unless an acceptable reason for absences is disclosed in the proxy or another SEC filing. Acceptable reasons for director absences are generally limited to the following:

 

    Medical issues/illness;

 

    Family emergencies; and

 

    Missing only one meeting (when the total of all meetings is three or fewer).

 

  4.2. If the proxy disclosure is unclear and insufficient to determine whether a director attended at least 75 percent of the aggregate of his/her board and committee meetings during his/her period of service, vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the director(s) in question.

Overboarded Directors:

Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from individual directors who:

 

  4.3. Sit on more than six public company boards; or

 

  4.4. Are CEOs of public companies who sit on the boards of more than two public companies besides their own-withhold only at their outside boards6.

 

 

LOGO

Proxy Access

ISS supports proxy access as an important shareholder right, one that is complementary to other best-practice corporate governance features. However, in the absence of a uniform standard, proposals to enact proxy access may vary widely; as such, ISS is not setting forth specific parameters at this time and will take a case-by-case approach in evaluating these proposals.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to enact proxy access, taking into account, among other factors:

 

 

5  For new nominees only, schedule conflicts due to commitments made prior to their appointment to the board are considered if disclosed in the proxy or another SEC filing.
6  Although all of a CEO’s subsidiary boards will be counted as separate boards, ISS will not recommend a withhold vote from the CEO of a parent company board or any of the controlled (>50 percent ownership) subsidiaries of that parent, but will do so at subsidiaries that are less than 50 percent controlled and boards outside the parent/subsidiary relationships.

 

 

 

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    Company-specific factors; and

 

    Proposal-specific factors, including:

 

    The ownership thresholds proposed in the resolution (i.e., percentage and duration);

 

    The maximum proportion of directors that shareholders may nominate each year; and

 

    The method of determining which nominations should appear on the ballot if multiple shareholders submit nominations.

 

LOGO

Proxy Contests—Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the election of directors in contested elections, considering the following factors:

 

    Long-term financial performance of the target company relative to its industry;

 

    Management’s track record;

 

    Background to the proxy contest;

 

    Qualifications of director nominees (both slates);

 

    Strategic plan of dissident slate and quality of critique against management;

 

    Likelihood that the proposed goals and objectives can be achieved (both slates);

 

    Stock ownership positions.

When the addition of shareholder nominees to the management card (“proxy access nominees”) results in a number of nominees on the management card which exceeds the number of seats available for election, vote CASE-BY-CASE considering the same factors listed above.

 

LOGO

Shareholder Rights & Defenses

Poison Pills- Management Proposals to Ratify Poison Pill

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals on poison pill ratification, focusing on the features of the shareholder rights plan. Rights plans should contain the following attributes:

 

    No lower than a 20% trigger, flip-in or flip-over;

 

    A term of no more than three years;

 

    No dead-hand, slow-hand, no-hand or similar feature that limits the ability of a future board to redeem the pill;

 

    Shareholder redemption feature (qualifying offer clause); if the board refuses to redeem the pill 90 days after a qualifying offer is announced, 10 percent of the shares may call a special meeting or seek a written consent to vote on rescinding the pill.

In addition, the rationale for adopting the pill should be thoroughly explained by the company. In examining the request for the pill, take into consideration the company’s existing governance structure, including: board independence, existing takeover defenses, and any problematic governance concerns.

 

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Poison Pills- Management Proposals to Ratify a Pill to Preserve Net Operating Losses (NOLs)

Vote AGAINST proposals to adopt a poison pill for the stated purpose of protecting a company’s net operating losses (NOL) if the term of the pill would exceed the shorter of three years and the exhaustion of the NOL.

 

 

 

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Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals for poison pill ratification, considering the following factors, if the term of the pill would be the shorter of three years (or less) and the exhaustion of the NOL:

 

    The ownership threshold to transfer (NOL pills generally have a trigger slightly below 5 percent);

 

    The value of the NOLs;

 

    Shareholder protection mechanisms (sunset provision, or commitment to cause expiration of the pill upon exhaustion or expiration of NOLs);

 

    The company’s existing governance structure including: board independence, existing takeover defenses, track record of responsiveness to shareholders, and any other problematic governance concerns; and

 

    Any other factors that may be applicable.

 

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Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent

Generally vote AGAINST management and shareholder proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholders’ ability to act by written consent.

Generally vote FOR management and shareholder proposals that provide shareholders with the ability to act by written consent, taking into account the following factors:

 

    Shareholders’ current right to act by written consent;

 

    The consent threshold;

 

    The inclusion of exclusionary or prohibitive language;

 

    Investor ownership structure; and

 

    Shareholder support of, and management’s response to, previous shareholder proposals.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals if, in addition to the considerations above, the company has the following governance and antitakeover provisions:

 

    An unfettered7 right for shareholders to call special meetings at a 10 percent threshold;

 

    A majority vote standard in uncontested director elections;

 

    No non-shareholder-approved pill; and

 

    An annually elected board.

 

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CAPITAL/RESTRUCTURING

Common Stock Authorization

Vote FOR proposals to increase the number of authorized common shares where the primary purpose of the increase is to issue shares in connection with a transaction on the same ballot that warrants support.

Vote AGAINST proposals at companies with more than one class of common stock to increase the number of authorized shares of the class of common stock that has superior voting rights.

Vote AGAINST proposals to increase the number of authorized common shares if a vote for a reverse stock split on the same ballot is warranted despite the fact that the authorized shares would not be reduced proportionally.

 

 

7  “Unfettered” means no restrictions on agenda items, no restrictions on the number of shareholders who can group together to reach the 10 percent threshold, and only reasonable limits on when a meeting can be called: no greater than 30 days after the last annual meeting and no greater than 90 prior to the next annual meeting.

 

 

 

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Vote CASE-BY-CASE on all other proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance. Take into account company-specific factors that include, at a minimum, the following:

 

    Past Board Performance:

 

    The company’s use of authorized shares during the last three years

 

    The Current Request:

 

    Disclosure in the proxy statement of the specific purposes of the proposed increase;

 

    Disclosure in the proxy statement of specific and severe risks to shareholders of not approving the

 

    request; and

 

    The dilutive impact of the request as determined by an allowable increase calculated by ISS (typically 100 percent of existing authorized shares) that reflects the company’s need for shares and total shareholder returns.

 

 

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Dual Class Structure

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to create a new class of common stock unless:

 

    The company discloses a compelling rationale for the dual-class capital structure, such as:

 

    The company’s auditor has concluded that there is substantial doubt about the company’s ability to continue as a going concern; or

 

    The new class of shares will be transitory;

 

    The new class is intended for financing purposes with minimal or no dilution to current shareholders in both the short term and long term; and

 

    The new class is not designed to preserve or increase the voting power of an insider or significant shareholder.

 

 

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Preferred Stock Authorization

Vote FOR proposals to increase the number of authorized preferred shares where the primary purpose of the increase is to issue shares in connection with a transaction on the same ballot that warrants support.

Vote AGAINST proposals at companies with more than one class or series of preferred stock to increase the number of authorized shares of the class or series of preferred stock that has superior voting rights.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on all other proposals to increase the number of shares of preferred stock authorized for issuance. Take into account company-specific factors that include, at a minimum, the following:

 

    Past Board Performance:

 

    The company’s use of authorized preferred shares during the last three years;

 

    The Current Request:

 

    Disclosure in the proxy statement of the specific purposes for the proposed increase;

 

    Disclosure in the proxy statement of specific and severe risks to shareholders of not approving the request;

 

    In cases where the company has existing authorized preferred stock, the dilutive impact of the request as determined by an allowable increase calculated by ISS (typically 100 percent of existing authorized shares) that reflects the company’s need for shares and total shareholder returns; and

 

    Whether the shares requested are blank check preferred shares that can be used for antitakeover purposes.

 

 

 

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Mergers and Acquisitions

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and acquisitions. Review and evaluate the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors including:

 

    Valuation - Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point for assessing valuation reasonableness, emphasis is placed on the offer premium, market reaction and strategic rationale.

 

    Market reaction - How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market reaction should cause closer scrutiny of a deal.

 

    Strategic rationale - Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record of successful integration of historical acquisitions.

 

    Negotiations and process - Were the terms of the transaction negotiated at arm’s-length? Was the process far and equitable? A fair process helps to ensure the best price for shareholders. Significant negotiation “wins” can also signify the deal makers’ competency. The comprehensiveness of the sales process (e.g., full auction, partial auction, no auction) can also affect shareholder value.

 

    Conflicts of interest - Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? As the result of potential conflicts, the directors and officers of the company may be more likely to vote to approve a merger than if they did not hold these interests. Consider whether these interests may have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend the merger. The CIC figure presented in the “ISS Transaction Summary” section of this report is an aggregate figure that can in certain cases be a misleading indicator of the true value transfer from shareholders to insiders. Where such figure appears to be excessive, analyze the underlying assumptions to determine whether a potential conflict exists.

 

    Governance - Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction? If the governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove that other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance.

 

 

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COMPENSATION

Executive Pay Evaluation

Underlying all evaluations are five global principles that most investors expect corporations to adhere to in designing and administering executive and director compensation programs:

 

  1. Maintain appropriate pay-for-performance alignment, with emphasis on long-term shareholder value: This principle encompasses overall executive pay practices, which must be designed to attract, retain, and appropriately motivate the key employees who drive shareholder value creation over the long term. It will take into consideration, among other factors, the link between pay and performance; the mix between fixed and variable pay; performance goals; and equity-based plan costs;

 

  2. Avoid arrangements that risk “pay for failure”: This principle addresses the appropriateness of long or indefinite contracts, excessive severance packages, and guaranteed compensation;

 

 

 

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  3. Maintain an independent and effective compensation committee: This principle promotes oversight of executive pay programs by directors with appropriate skills, knowledge, experience, and a sound process for compensation decision-making (e.g., including access to independent expertise and advice when needed);

 

  4. Provide shareholders with clear, comprehensive compensation disclosures: This principle underscores the importance of informative and timely disclosures that enable shareholders to evaluate executive pay practices fully and fairly;

 

  5. Avoid inappropriate pay to non-executive directors: This principle recognizes the interests of shareholders in ensuring that compensation to outside directors does not compromise their independence and ability to make appropriate judgments in overseeing managers’ pay and performance. At the market level, it may incorporate a variety of generally accepted best practices.

Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation—Management Proposals (Management Say-on-Pay)

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on ballot items related to executive pay and practices, as well as certain aspects of outside director compensation.

Vote AGAINST Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation (Management Say-on-Pay—MSOP) if:

 

    There is a significant misalignment between CEO pay and company performance (pay for performance);

 

    The company maintains significant problematic pay practices;

 

    The board exhibits a significant level of poor communication and responsiveness to shareholders.

Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:

 

    There is no MSOP on the ballot, and an AGAINST vote on an MSOP is warranted due to pay for performance misalignment, problematic pay practices, or the lack of adequate responsiveness on compensation issues raised previously, or a combination thereof;

 

    The board fails to respond adequately to a previous MSOP proposal that received less than 70 percent support of votes cast;

 

    The company has recently practiced or approved problematic pay practices, including option repricing or option backdating; or

 

    The situation is egregious.

Vote AGAINST an equity plan on the ballot if:

 

    A pay for performance misalignment is found, and a significant portion of the CEO’s misaligned pay is attributed to non-performance-based equity awards, taking into consideration:

 

    Magnitude of pay misalignment;

 

    Contribution of non-performance-based equity grants to overall pay; and

 

    The proportion of equity awards granted in the last three fiscal years concentrated at the named executive officer (NEO) level.

 

 

 

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Primary Evaluation Factors for Executive Pay

Pay-for-Performance Evaluation

ISS annually conducts a pay-for-performance analysis to identify strong or satisfactory alignment between pay and performance over a sustained period. With respect to companies in the Russell 3000 index, this analysis considers the following:

 

  6. Peer Group8 Alignment:

 

    The degree of alignment between the company’s TSR rank and the CEO’s total pay rank within a peer group, as measured over one-year and three-year periods (weighted 40/60);

 

    The multiple of the CEO’s total pay relative to the peer group median.

 

  7. Absolute Alignment — the absolute alignment between the trend in CEO pay and company TSR over the prior five fiscal years — i.e., the difference between the trend in annual pay changes and the trend in annualized TSR during the period.

If the above analysis demonstrates significant unsatisfactory long-term pay-for-performance alignment or, in the case of non-Russell 3000 index companies, misaligned pay and performance are otherwise suggested, our analysis may include any of the following qualitative factors, if they are relevant to the analysis to determine how various pay elements may work to encourage or to undermine long-term value creation and alignment with shareholder interests:

 

    The ratio of performance- to time-based equity awards;

 

    The overall ratio of performance-based compensation;

 

    The completeness of disclosure and rigor of performance goals;

 

    The company’s peer group benchmarking practices;

 

    Actual results of financial/operational metrics, such as growth in revenue, profit, cash flow, etc., both absolute and relative to peers;

 

    Special circumstances related to, for example, a new CEO in the prior FY or anomalous equity grant practices (e.g., bi-annual awards);

 

    Realizable pay compared to grant pay; and

 

    Any other factors deemed relevant.

Problematic Pay Practices

The focus is on executive compensation practices that contravene the global pay principles, including:

 

    Problematic practices related to non-performance-based compensation elements;

 

    Incentives that may motivate excessive risk-taking; and

 

    Options Backdating.

Problematic Pay Practices related to Non-Performance-Based Compensation Elements

Pay elements that are not directly based on performance are generally evaluated CASE-BY-CASE considering the context of a company’s overall pay program and demonstrated pay-for-performance philosophy. Please refer to ISS’ Compensation FAQ document for detail on specific pay practices that have been identified as potentially problematic and may lead to negative recommendations if they are deemed to be inappropriate or unjustified relative to executive pay best practices. The list below highlights the problematic practices that carry significant weight in this overall consideration and may result in adverse vote recommendations:

 

    Repricing or replacing of underwater stock options/SARS without prior shareholder approval (including cash buyouts and voluntary surrender of underwater options);

 

    Excessive perquisites or tax gross-ups, including any gross-up related to a secular trust or restricted stock vesting;

 

    New or extended agreements that provide for:

 

    CIC payments exceeding 3 times base salary and average/target/most recent bonus;

 

 

8  revised peer group is generally comprised of 14-24 companies that are selected using market cap, revenue (or assets for certain financial firms), GICS industry group and company’s selected peers’ GICS industry group with size constraints, via a process designed to select peers that are closest to the subject company in terms of revenue/assets and industry and also within a market cap bucket that is reflective of the company’s.

 

 

 

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    CIC severance payments without involuntary job loss or substantial diminution of duties (“single” or “modified single” triggers);

 

    CIC payments with excise tax gross-ups (including “modified” gross-ups).

Incentives that may Motivate Excessive Risk-Taking

 

    Multi-year guaranteed bonuses;

 

    A single or common performance metric used for short- and long-term plans;

 

    Lucrative severance packages;

 

    High pay opportunities relative to industry peers;

 

    Disproportionate supplemental pensions; or

 

    Mega annual equity grants that provide unlimited upside with no downside risk.

Factors that potentially mitigate the impact of risky incentives include rigorous claw-back provisions and robust stock ownership/holding guidelines.

Options Backdating

The following factors should be examined CASE-BY-CASE to allow for distinctions to be made between “sloppy” plan administration versus deliberate action or fraud:

 

    Reason and motive for the options backdating issue, such as inadvertent vs. deliberate grant date changes;

 

    Duration of options backdating;

 

    Size of restatement due to options backdating;

 

    Corrective actions taken by the board or compensation committee, such as canceling or re-pricing backdated options, the recouping of option gains on backdated grants; and

 

    Adoption of a grant policy that prohibits backdating, and creates a fixed grant schedule or window period for equity grants in the future.

Board Communications and Responsiveness

Consider the following factors CASE-BY-CASE when evaluating ballot items related to executive pay on the board’s responsiveness to investor input and engagement on compensation issues:

 

    Failure to respond to majority-supported shareholder proposals on executive pay topics; or

 

    Failure to adequately respond to the company’s previous say-on-pay proposal that received the support of less than 70 percent of votes cast, taking into account:

 

    The company’s response, including:

 

    Disclosure of engagement efforts with major institutional investors regarding the issues that contributed to the low level of support;

 

    Specific actions taken to address the issues that contributed to the low level of support;

 

    Other recent compensation actions taken by the company;

 

    Whether the issues raised are recurring or isolated;

 

    The company’s ownership structure; and

 

    Whether the support level was less than 50 percent, which would warrant the highest degree of responsiveness.

 

 

 

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Frequency of Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (“Say When on Pay”)

Vote FOR annual advisory votes on compensation, which provide the most consistent and clear communication channel for shareholder concerns about companies’ executive pay programs.

 

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Voting on Golden Parachutes in an Acquisition, Merger, Consolidation, or Proposed Sale

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on say on Golden Parachute proposals, including consideration of existing change-in-control arrangements maintained with named executive officers rather than focusing primarily on new or extended arrangements.

Features that may result in an AGAINST recommendation include one or more of the following, depending on the number, magnitude, and/or timing of issue(s):

 

    Single- or modified-single-trigger cash severance;

 

    Single-trigger acceleration of unvested equity awards;

 

    Excessive cash severance (>3x base salary and bonus);

 

    Excise tax gross-ups triggered and payable (as opposed to a provision to provide excise tax gross-ups);

 

    Excessive golden parachute payments (on an absolute basis or as a percentage of transaction equity value); or

 

    Recent amendments that incorporate any problematic features (such as those above) or recent actions (such as extraordinary equity grants) that may make packages so attractive as to influence merger agreements that may not be in the best interests of shareholders; or

 

    The company’s assertion that a proposed transaction is conditioned on shareholder approval of the golden parachute advisory vote.

Recent amendment(s) that incorporate problematic features will tend to carry more weight on the overall analysis. However, the presence of multiple legacy problematic features will also be closely scrutinized.

In cases where the golden parachute vote is incorporated into a company’s advisory vote on compensation (management say-on-pay), ISS will evaluate the say-on-pay proposal in accordance with these guidelines, which may give higher weight to that component of the overall evaluation.

 

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Equity-Based and Other Incentive Plans

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on equity-based compensation plans. Vote AGAINST the equity plan if any of the following factors apply:

 

    The total cost of the company’s equity plans is unreasonable;

 

    The plan expressly permits repricing;

 

    A pay-for-performance misalignment is found;

 

    The company’s three year burn rate exceeds the burn rate cap of its industry group;

 

    The plan has a liberal change-of-control definition; or

 

    The plan is a vehicle for problematic pay practices.

 

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Social/Environmental Issues

Global Approach

Issues covered under the policy include a wide range of topics, including consumer and product safety, environment and energy, labor standards and human rights, workplace and board diversity, and corporate political issues. While a variety of factors goes into each analysis, the overall principle guiding all vote recommendations focuses on how the proposal may enhance or protect shareholder value in either the short term or long term.

Generally vote CASE-BY-CASE, taking into consideration whether implementation of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder value, and in addition the following will also be considered:

 

    If the issues presented in the proposal are more appropriately or effectively dealt with through legislation or government regulation;

 

    If the company has already responded in an appropriate and sufficient manner to the issue(s) raised in the proposal;

 

    Whether the proposal’s request is unduly burdensome (scope, timeframe, or cost) or overly prescriptive;

 

    The company’s approach compared with any industry standard practices for addressing the issue(s) raised by the proposal;

 

    If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether or not reasonable and sufficient information is currently available to shareholders from the company or from other publicly available sources; and

 

    If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether or not implementation would reveal proprietary or confidential information that could place the company at a competitive disadvantage.

 

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Political Spending & Lobbying Activities

Generally vote AGAINST proposals asking the company to affirm political nonpartisanship in the workplace so long as:

 

    There are no recent, significant controversies, fines or litigation regarding the company’s political contributions or trade association spending; and

 

    The company has procedures in place to ensure that employee contributions to company-sponsored political action committees (PACs) are strictly voluntary and prohibit coercion.

Vote AGAINST proposals to publish in newspapers and other media the company’s political contributions. Such publications could present significant cost to the company without providing commensurate value to shareholders.

Generally vote FOR proposals requesting greater disclosure of a company’s political contributions and trade association spending policies and activities. However, the following will be considered:

 

    The company’s current disclosure of policies and oversight mechanisms related to its direct political contributions and payments to trade associations or other groups that may be used for political purposes, including information on the types of organizations supported and the business rationale for supporting these organizations; and

 

    Recent significant controversies, fines, or litigation related to the company’s political contributions or political activities.

 

 

 

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Vote AGAINST proposals barring the company from making political contributions. Businesses are affected by legislation at the federal, state, and local level; barring political contributions can put the company at a competitive disadvantage.

Vote AGAINST proposals asking for a list of company executives, directors, consultants, legal counsels, lobbyists, or investment bankers that have prior government service and whether such service had a bearing on the business of the company. Such a list would be burdensome to prepare without providing any meaningful information to shareholders.

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals requesting information on a company’s lobbying (including direct, indirect, and grassroots lobbying) activities, policies, or procedures, considering:

 

    The company’s current disclosure of relevant policies and oversight mechanisms;

 

    Recent significant controversies, fines, or litigation regarding the company’s lobbying-related activities; and

 

    The impact that the public policy issues in question may have on the company’s business operations, if specific public policy issues are addressed.

 

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Foreign Private Issuers Listed on U.S. Exchanges

Vote AGAINST (or WITHHOLD from) non-independent director nominees at companies which fail to meet the following criteria: a majority-independent board, and the presence of an audit, a compensation, and a nomination committee, each of which is entirely composed of independent directors.

Where the design and disclosure levels of equity compensation plans are comparable to those seen at U.S. companies, U.S. compensation policy will be used to evaluate the compensation plan proposals. In all other cases, equity compensation plans will be evaluated according to ISS International Proxy Voting Guidelines.

All other voting items will be evaluated using ISS International Proxy Voting Guidelines.

 

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Disclosure/Disclaimer

This document and all of the information contained in it, including without limitation all text, data, graphs, and charts (collectively, the “Information”) is the property of Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (ISS), its subsidiaries, or, in some cases third party suppliers.

The Information has not been submitted to, nor received approval from, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or any other regulatory body. None of the Information constitutes an offer to sell (or a solicitation of an offer to buy), or a promotion or recommendation of, any security, financial product or other investment vehicle or any trading strategy, and ISS does not endorse, approve, or otherwise express any opinion regarding any issuer, securities, financial products or instruments or trading strategies.

The user of the Information assumes the entire risk of any use it may make or permit to be made of the Information.

 

 

 

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ISS MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ORIGINALITY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, NON-INFRINGEMENT, COMPLETENESS, MERCHANTABILITY, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE) WITH RESPECT TO ANY OF THE INFORMATION.

Without limiting any of the foregoing and to the maximum extent permitted by law, in no event shall ISS have any liability regarding any of the Information for any direct, indirect, special, punitive, consequential (including lost profits), or any other damages even if notified of the possibility of such damages. The foregoing shall not exclude or limit any liability that may not by applicable law be excluded or limited.

 

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2013 International Proxy Voting Summary Guidelines

Dec. 19, 2012

 

 

Institutional Shareholder Services Inc.

Copyright© 2012 by ISS

www.issgovernance.com

 

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ISS’ 2013 INTERNATIONAL PROXY VOTING SUMMARY GUIDELINES

Effective for Meetings on or after Feb. 1, 2013

Published Dec. 19, 2012

The following is a condensed version of the proxy voting recommendations contained in ISS’ International Proxy Voting Manual. Note that markets covered in this document exclude the U.S., Canada, Western European markets, Australia, New Zealand, and China, which are presented separately. In addition, ISS has country- and market-specific policies, which are not captured below.

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1.        OPERATIONAL ITEMS

     C-27   

Financial Results/Director and Auditor Reports

     C-27   

Appointment of Auditors and Auditor Fees

     C-27   

Appointment of Internal Statutory Auditors

     C-27   

Allocation of Income

     C-27   

Amendments to Articles of Association

     C-28   

Change in Company Fiscal Term

     C-28   

Lower Disclosure Threshold for Stock Ownership

     C-28   

Amend Quorum Requirements

     C-28   

Transact Other Business

     C-28   

2         BOARD OF DIRECTORS

     C-29   

Director Elections

     C-29   

ISS Classification of Directors - International Policy 2013

     C-30   

Contested Director Elections

     C-31   

Discharge of Directors

     C-32   

Director, Officer, and Auditor Indemnification and Liability Provisions

     C-32   

Board Structure

     C-32   

3.        CAPITAL STRUCTURE

     C-33   

Share Issuance Requests

     C-33   

General Issuances

     C-33   

Specific Issuances

     C-33   

Increases in Authorized Capital

     C-33   

Reduction of Capital

     C-33   

Capital Structures

     C-33   

Preferred Stock

     C-34   

Debt Issuance Requests

     C-34   

Pledging of Assets for Debt

     C-34   

Increase in Borrowing Powers

     C-34   

Share Repurchase Plans

     C-34   

Reissuance of Repurchased Shares

     C-35   

Capitalization of Reserves for Bonus Issues/Increase in Par Value

     C-35   

4.        COMPENSATION

     C-36   

Compensation Plans

     C-36   

Director Compensation

     C-36   

5.        OTHER ITEMS

     C-37   

Reorganizations/Restructurings

     C-37   

 

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Mergers and Acquisitions

     C-37   

Mandatory Takeover Bid Waivers

     C-37   

Reincorporation Proposals

     C-37   

Expansion of Business Activities

     C-37   

Related-Party Transactions

     C-38   

Anti-takeover Mechanisms

     C-38   

Shareholder Proposals

     C-38   

Social/Environmental Issues

     C-39   

6.        FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUERS LISTED ON U.S. EXCHANGES

     C-40   

DISCLOSURE/DISCLAIMER

     C-41   

 

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1. OPERATIONAL ITEMS

Financial Results/Director and Auditor Reports

Vote FOR approval of financial statements and director and auditor reports, unless:

 

    There are concerns about the accounts presented or audit procedures used; or

 

    The company is not responsive to shareholder questions about specific items that should be publicly disclosed.

 

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Appointment of Auditors and Auditor Fees

Vote FOR the (re)election of auditors and/or proposals authorizing the board to fix auditor fees, unless:

 

    There are serious concerns about the procedures used by the auditor;

 

    There is reason to believe that the auditor has rendered an opinion which is neither accurate nor indicative of the company’s financial position;

 

    External auditors have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company;

 

    Name of the proposed auditors has not been published;

 

    The auditors are being changed without explanation; or

 

    Fees for non-audit services exceed standard annual audit-related fees (only applies to companies on the MSCI EAFE index and/or listed on any country main index).

In circumstances where fees for non-audit services include fees related to significant one-time capital structure events (initial public offerings, bankruptcy emergencies, and spinoffs) and the company makes public disclosure of the amount and nature of those fees, which are an exception to the standard “non-audit fee” category, then such fees may be excluded from the non-audit fees considered in determining the ratio of non-audit to audit fees.

For concerns related to the audit procedures, independence of auditors, and/or name of auditors, ISS may recommend AGAINST the auditor (re)election. For concerns related to fees paid to the auditors, ISS may recommend AGAINST remuneration of auditors if this is a separate voting item; otherwise ISS may recommend AGAINST the auditor election.

 

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Appointment of Internal Statutory Auditors

Vote FOR the appointment or (re)election of statutory auditors, unless:

 

    There are serious concerns about the statutory reports presented or the audit procedures used;

 

    Questions exist concerning any of the statutory auditors being appointed; or

 

    The auditors have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company.

 

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Allocation of Income

Vote FOR approval of the allocation of income, unless:

 

    The dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate explanation; or

 

    The payout is excessive given the company’s financial position.

 

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Stock (Scrip) Dividend Alternative

Vote FOR most stock (scrip) dividend proposals.

Vote AGAINST proposals that do not allow for a cash option unless management demonstrates that the cash option is harmful to shareholder value.

 

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Amendments to Articles of Association

Vote amendments to the articles of association on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

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Change in Company Fiscal Term

Vote FOR resolutions to change a company’s fiscal term unless a company’s motivation for the change is to postpone its AGM.

 

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Lower Disclosure Threshold for Stock Ownership

Vote AGAINST resolutions to lower the stock ownership disclosure threshold below 5 percent unless specific reasons exist to implement a lower threshold.

 

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Amend Quorum Requirements

Vote proposals to amend quorum requirements for shareholder meetings on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

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Transact Other Business

Vote AGAINST other business when it appears as a voting item.

 

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2. BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Director Elections

Vote FOR management nominees in the election of directors, unless:

 

    Adequate disclosure has not been provided in a timely manner;

 

    There are clear concerns over questionable finances or restatements;

 

    There have been questionable transactions with conflicts of interest;

 

    There are any records of abuses against minority shareholder interests; or

 

    The board fails to meet minimum corporate governance standards.

Vote FOR individual nominees unless there are specific concerns about the individual, such as criminal wrongdoing or breach of fiduciary responsibilities.

Vote AGAINST individual directors if repeated absences at board meetings have not been explained (in countries where this information is disclosed).

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for contested elections of directors, e.g. the election of shareholder nominees or the dismissal of incumbent directors, determining which directors are best suited to add value for shareholders.

Vote FOR employee and/or labor representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation committee and are required by law to be on those committees. Vote AGAINST employee and/or labor representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation committee, if they are not required to be on those committees.

Vote AGAINST the election of directors at all companies if the name of the nominee is not disclosed in a timely manner prior to the meeting.

Grace period: Vote FOR the election of directors at all Polish companies and non-index Turkish companies in 2013 even if nominee names are not disclosed in a timely manner prior to the meeting, but include cautionary language in the research report. Beginning in 2014, vote AGAINST the election of directors at all Polish companies and non-index Turkish companies if nominee names are not disclosed in a timely manner prior to the meeting.

Under extraordinary circumstances, vote AGAINST individual directors, members of a committee, or the entire board, due to:

 

    Material failures of governance, stewardship, risk oversight, or fiduciary responsibilities at the company;

 

    Failure to replace management as appropriate; or

 

    Egregious actions related to a director’s service on other boards that raise substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management and serve the best interests of shareholders at any company.

 

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[Please see the ISS International Classification of Directors on the following page.]

 

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ISS Classification of Directors - International Policy 2013

Executive Director

 

    Employee or executive of the company;

 

    Any director who is classified as a non-executive, but receives salary, fees, bonus, and/or other benefits that are in line with the highest-paid executives of the company.

Non-Independent Non-Executive Director (NED)

 

    Any director who is attested by the board to be a non-independent NED;

 

    Any director specifically designated as a representative of a significant shareholder of the company;

 

    Any director who is also an employee or executive of a significant shareholder of the company;

 

    Any director who is nominated by a dissenting significant shareholder, unless there is a clear lack of material[5] connection with the dissident, either currently or historically;

 

    Beneficial owner (direct or indirect) of at least 10 percent of the company’s stock, either in economic terms or in voting rights (this may be aggregated if voting power is distributed among more than one member of a defined group, e.g., family members who beneficially own less than 10 percent individually, but collectively own more than 10 percent), unless market best practice dictates a lower ownership and/or disclosure threshold (and in other special market-specific circumstances);

 

    Government representative;

 

    Currently provides (or a relative[1] provides) professional services[2] to the company, to an affiliate of the company, or to an individual officer of the company or of one of its affiliates in excess of $10,000 per year;

 

    Represents customer, supplier, creditor, banker, or other entity with which company maintains transactional/commercial relationship (unless company discloses information to apply a materiality test[3]);

 

    Any director who has conflicting or cross-directorships with executive directors or the chairman of the company;

 

    Relative[1] of a current employee of the company or its affiliates;

 

    Relative[1] of a former executive of the company or its affiliates;

 

    A new appointee elected other than by a formal process through the General Meeting (such as a contractual appointment by a substantial shareholder);

 

    Founder/co-founder/member of founding family but not currently an employee;

 

    Former executive (five-year cooling off period);

 

    Years of service is generally not a determining factor unless it is recommended best practice in a market and/or in extreme circumstances, in which case it may be considered.[4]

 

    Any additional relationship or principle considered to compromise independence under local corporate governance best practice guidance.

Independent NED

 

    No material[5] connection, either directly or indirectly, to the company (other than a board seat) or the dissenting significant shareholder.

Employee Representative

 

    Represents employees or employee shareholders of the company (classified as “employee representative” but considered a non-independent NED).

Footnotes:

 

[1] “Relative” follows the definition of “immediate family members” which covers spouses, parents, children, stepparents, step-children, siblings, in-laws, and any person (other than a tenant or employee) sharing the household of any director, nominee for director, executive officer, or significant shareholder of the company.

 

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[2] Professional services can be characterized as advisory in nature and generally include the following: investment banking/financial advisory services; commercial banking (beyond deposit services); investment services; insurance services; accounting/audit services; consulting services; marketing services; and legal services. The case of participation in a banking syndicate by a non-lead bank should be considered a transaction (and hence subject to the associated materiality test) rather than a professional relationship.
[3] A business relationship may be material if the transaction value (of all outstanding transactions) entered into between the company and the company or organization with which the director is associated is equivalent to either 1 percent of the company’s turnover or 1 percent of the turnover of the company or organization with which the director is associated. OR, A business relationship may be material if the transaction value (of all outstanding financing operations) entered into between the company and the company or organization with which the director is associated is more than 10 percent of the company’s shareholder equity or the transaction value, (of all outstanding financing operations), compared to the company’s total assets, is more than 5 percent.
[4] For example, in continental Europe, directors with a tenure exceeding 12 years will be considered non-independent. In the United Kingdom, Ireland, Hong Kong and Singapore, directors with a tenure exceeding nine years will be considered non-independent, unless the company provides sufficient and clear justification that the director is independent despite his long tenure.
[5] For purposes of ISS’ director independence classification, “material” will be defined as a standard of relationship financial, personal or otherwise that a reasonable person might conclude could potentially influence one’s objectivity in the boardroom in a manner that would have a meaningful impact on an individual’s ability to satisfy requisite fiduciary standards on behalf of shareholders.

 

 

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Contested Director Elections

For contested elections of directors, e.g. the election of shareholder nominees or the dismissal of incumbent directors, ISS will make its recommendation on a case-by-case basis, determining which directors are best suited to add value for shareholders.

The analysis will generally be based on, but not limited to, the following major decision factors:

 

    Company performance relative to its peers;

 

    Strategy of the incumbents versus the dissidents;

 

    Independence of directors/nominees;

 

    Experience and skills of board candidates;

 

    Governance profile of the company;

 

    Evidence of management entrenchment;

 

    Responsiveness to shareholders;

 

    Whether a takeover offer has been rebuffed;

 

    Whether minority or majority representation is being sought.

When analyzing a contested election of directors, ISS will generally focus on two central questions: (1) Have the dissidents proved that board change is warranted? And (2) if so, are the dissident board nominees likely to effect positive change (i.e., maximize long-term shareholder value).

 

 

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Discharge of Directors

Generally vote FOR the discharge of directors, including members of the management board and/or supervisory board, unless there is reliable information about significant and compelling controversies as to whether the board is fulfilling its fiduciary duties, as evidenced by:

 

    A lack of oversight or actions by board members that invoke shareholder distrust related to malfeasance or poor supervision, such as operating in private or company interest rather than in shareholder interest; or

 

    Any legal proceedings (either civil or criminal) aiming to hold the board responsible for breach of trust in the past or related to currently alleged actions yet to be confirmed (and not only the fiscal year in question), such as price fixing, insider trading, bribery, fraud, and other illegal actions; or

 

    Other egregious governance issues where shareholders will bring legal action against the company or its directors.

For markets that do not routinely request discharge resolutions (e.g. common law countries or markets where discharge is not mandatory), analysts may voice concern in other appropriate agenda items, such as approval of the annual accounts or other relevant resolutions, to enable shareholders to express discontent with the board.

 

 

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Director, Officer, and Auditor Indemnification and Liability Provisions

Vote proposals seeking indemnification and liability protection for directors and officers on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Vote AGAINST proposals to indemnify external auditors.

 

 

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Board Structure

Vote FOR proposals to fix board size.

Vote AGAINST the introduction of classified boards and mandatory retirement ages for directors.

Vote AGAINST proposals to alter board structure or size in the context of a fight for control of the company or the board.

 

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3. CAPITAL STRUCTURE

Share Issuance Requests

General Issuances

Vote FOR issuance requests with preemptive rights to a maximum of 100 percent over currently issued capital.

Vote FOR issuance requests without preemptive rights to a maximum of 20 percent of currently issued capital.

Specific Issuances

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on all requests, with or without preemptive rights.

 

 

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Increases in Authorized Capital

Vote FOR non-specific proposals to increase authorized capital up to 100 percent over the current authorization unless the increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new authorization outstanding.

Vote FOR specific proposals to increase authorized capital to any amount, unless:

 

    The specific purpose of the increase (such as a share-based acquisition or merger) does not meet ISS guidelines for the purpose being proposed; or

 

    The increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new authorization outstanding after adjusting for all proposed issuances.

Vote AGAINST proposals to adopt unlimited capital authorizations.

 

 

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Reduction of Capital

Vote FOR proposals to reduce capital for routine accounting purposes unless the terms are unfavorable to shareholders.

Vote proposals to reduce capital in connection with corporate restructuring on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

 

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Capital Structures

Vote FOR resolutions that seek to maintain or convert to a one-share, one-vote capital structure.

Vote AGAINST requests for the creation or continuation of dual-class capital structures or the creation of new or additional super voting shares.

 

 

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Preferred Stock

Vote FOR the creation of a new class of preferred stock or for issuances of preferred stock up to 50 percent of issued capital unless the terms of the preferred stock would adversely affect the rights of existing shareholders.

Vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible preferred stock as long as the maximum number of common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets ISS guidelines on equity issuance requests.

Vote AGAINST the creation of a new class of preference shares that would carry superior voting rights to the common shares.

Vote AGAINST the creation of blank check preferred stock unless the board clearly states that the authorization will not be used to thwart a takeover bid.

Vote proposals to increase blank check preferred authorizations on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

 

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Debt Issuance Requests

Vote non-convertible debt issuance requests on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, with or without preemptive rights.

Vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible debt instruments as long as the maximum number of common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets ISS guidelines on equity issuance requests.

Vote FOR proposals to restructure existing debt arrangements unless the terms of the restructuring would adversely affect the rights of shareholders.

 

 

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Pledging of Assets for Debt

Vote proposals to approve the pledging of assets for debt on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

 

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Increase in Borrowing Powers

Vote proposals to approve increases in a company’s borrowing powers on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

 

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Share Repurchase Plans

Generally vote FOR market repurchase authorities (share repurchase programs) if the terms comply with the following criteria:

 

    A repurchase limit of up to 10 percent of outstanding issued share capital (15 percent in U.K./Ireland);

 

    A holding limit of up to 10 percent of a company’s issued share capital in treasury (“on the shelf”); and

 

    A duration of no more than five years, or such lower threshold as may be set by applicable law, regulation or code of governance best practice.

Authorities to repurchase shares in excess of the 10 percent repurchase limit will be assessed on a case-by-case basis. ISS may support such share repurchase authorities under special circumstances, which are required to be publicly disclosed by

 

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the company, provided that, on balance, the proposal is in shareholders’ interests. In such cases, the authority must comply with the following criteria:

 

    A holding limit of up to 10 percent of a company’s issued share capital in treasury (“on the shelf”); and

 

    A duration of no more than 18 months.

In markets where it is normal practice not to provide a repurchase limit, ISS will evaluate the proposal based on the company’s historical practice. However, ISS expects companies to disclose such limits and, in the future, may recommend a vote against companies that fail to do so. In such cases, the authority must comply with the following criteria:

 

    A holding limit of up to 10 percent of a company’s issued share capital in treasury (“on the shelf”); and

 

    A duration of no more than 18 months.

In addition, ISS will recommend AGAINST any proposal where:

 

    The repurchase can be used for takeover defenses;

 

    There is clear evidence of abuse;

 

    There is no safeguard against selective buybacks; and/or

 

    Pricing provisions and safeguards are deemed to be unreasonable in light of market practice.

 

 

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Reissuance of Repurchased Shares

Vote FOR requests to reissue any repurchased shares unless there is clear evidence of abuse of this authority in the past.

 

 

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Capitalization of Reserves for Bonus Issues/Increase in Par Value

Vote FOR requests to capitalize reserves for bonus issues of shares or to increase par value.

 

 

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4. COMPENSATION

Compensation Plans

Vote compensation plans on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

 

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Director Compensation

Vote FOR proposals to award cash fees to non-executive directors unless the amounts are excessive relative to other companies in the country or industry.

Vote non-executive director compensation proposals that include both cash and share-based components on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Vote proposals that bundle compensation for both non-executive and executive directors into a single resolution on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Vote AGAINST proposals to introduce retirement benefits for non-executive directors.

 

 

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5. OTHER ITEMS

Reorganizations/Restructurings

Vote reorganizations and restructurings on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

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Mergers and Acquisitions

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and acquisitions taking into account the following:

For every M&A analysis, ISS reviews publicly available information as of the date of the report and evaluates the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors including:

 

    Valuation - Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point for assessing valuation reasonableness, ISS places emphasis on the offer premium, market reaction, and strategic rationale.

 

    Market reaction - How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market reaction will cause ISS to scrutinize a deal more closely.

 

    Strategic rationale - Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record of successful integration of historical acquisitions.

 

    Conflicts of interest - Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? ISS will consider whether any special interests may have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend the merger.

 

    Governance - Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction? If the governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove that other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance.

Vote AGAINST if the companies do not provide sufficient information upon request to make an informed voting decision.

 

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Mandatory Takeover Bid Waivers

Vote proposals to waive mandatory takeover bid requirements on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

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Reincorporation Proposals

Vote reincorporation proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

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Expansion of Business Activities

Vote FOR resolutions to expand business activities unless the new business takes the company into risky areas.

 

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Related-Party Transactions

In evaluating resolutions that seek shareholder approval on related-party transactions (RPTs), vote on a case-by-case basis, considering factors including, but not limited to, the following:

 

    The parties on either side of the transaction;

 

    The nature of the asset to be transferred/service to be provided;

 

    The pricing of the transaction (and any associated professional valuation);

 

    The views of independent directors (where provided);

 

    The views of an independent financial adviser (where appointed);

 

    Whether any entities party to the transaction (including advisers) is conflicted; and

 

    The stated rationale for the transaction, including discussions of timing.

If there is a transaction that ISS deemed problematic and that was not put to a shareholder vote, ISS may recommend against the election of the director involved in the related-party transaction or the full board.

 

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Antitakeover Mechanisms

Generally vote AGAINST all antitakeover proposals, unless they are structured in such a way that they give shareholders the ultimate decision on any proposal or offer.

 

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Shareholder Proposals

Vote all shareholder proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

Vote FOR proposals that would improve the company’s corporate governance or business profile at a reasonable cost.

Vote AGAINST proposals that limit the company’s business activities or capabilities or result in significant costs being incurred with little or no benefit.

 

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Social/Environmental Issues

Global Approach

Issues covered under the policy include a wide range of topics, including consumer and product safety, environment and energy, labor covered standards and human rights, workplace and board diversity, and corporate political issues. While a variety of factors goes into each analysis, the overall principle guiding all vote recommendations focuses on how the proposal may enhance or protect shareholder value in either the short term or long term.

Generally vote CASE-BY-CASE, taking into consideration whether implementation of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder value, and in addition the following will be considered:

 

    If the issues presented in the proposal are more appropriately or effectively dealt with through legislation or government regulation;

 

    If the company has already responded in an appropriate and sufficient manner to the issue(s) raised in the proposal;

 

    Whether the proposal’s request is unduly burdensome (scope, timeframe, or cost) or overly prescriptive;

 

    The company’s approach compared with any industry standard practices for addressing the issue(s) raised by the proposal;

 

    If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether or not reasonable and sufficient information is currently available to shareholders from the company or from other publicly available sources; and

 

    If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether or not implementation would reveal proprietary or confidential information that could place the company at a competitive disadvantage.

 

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6. Foreign Private Issuers Listed on U.S. Exchanges

Foreign private issuers (“FPIs”) are defined as companies whose business is administered principally outside the U.S., with more than 50 percent of assets located outside the U.S.; a majority of whose directors/officers are not U.S. citizens or residents; and a majority of whose outstanding voting shares are held by non-residents of the U.S.

Companies that are incorporated outside of the U.S. and listed solely on U.S. exchanges, where they qualify as FPIs, will be subject to the following policy:

Vote AGAINST (or WITHHOLD from) non-independent director nominees at companies which fail to meet the following criteria: a majority-independent board, and the presence of an audit, a compensation, and a nomination committee, each of which is entirely composed of independent directors.

Where the design and disclosure levels of equity compensation plans are comparable to those seen at U.S. companies, U.S. compensation policy will be used to evaluate the compensation plan proposals. In all other cases, equity compensation plans will be evaluated according to ISS’ International Proxy Voting Guidelines.

All other voting items will be evaluated using ISS’ International Proxy Voting Guidelines.

 

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DISCLOSURE/DISCLAIMER

This document and all of the information contained in it, including without limitation all text, data, graphs, and charts (collectively, the “Information”) is the property of Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (“ISS”), its subsidiaries, or, in some cases third party suppliers.

The Information has not been submitted to, nor received approval from, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or any other regulatory body. None of the Information constitutes an offer to sell (or a solicitation of an offer to buy), or a promotion or recommendation of, any security, financial product or other investment vehicle or any trading strategy, and ISS does not endorse, approve or otherwise express any opinion regarding any issuer, securities, financial products or instruments or trading strategies.

The user of the Information assumes the entire risk of any use it may make or permit to be made of the Information.

ISS MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ORIGINALITY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, NON-INFRINGEMENT, COMPLETENESS, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE) WITH RESPECT TO ANY OF THE INFORMATION.

Without limiting any of the foregoing and to the maximum extent permitted by law, in no event shall ISS have any liability regarding any of the Information for any direct, indirect, special, punitive, consequential (including lost profits) or any other damages even if notified of the possibility of such damages. The foregoing shall not exclude or limit any liability that may not by applicable law be excluded or limited.

 

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Exhibit B (as amended February 2, 2009)

Modifications to recommendations set forth in the ISS Proxy Voting Manual

Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent

Vote FOR proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder activity to take action by written consent.

Vote AGAINST proposals to allow or make easier shareholder action by written consent.

Cumulative Voting

Vote FOR proposals to eliminate cumulative voting.

Vote AGAINST proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting.

Incumbent Director Nominees

Vote WITH management’s recommendations regarding incumbent director nominees.

 

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