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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2016

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company’s foreign subsidiaries functional currency is the U.S. dollar. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in earnings. The Company is subject to foreign exchange rate fluctuations in connection with the Company’s international operations.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase, to be cash equivalents. At various times, the Company has amounts on deposit at financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits.

Fair Value

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, deposits and other receivables, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate their fair value based on the liquidity or the short-term maturities of these instruments. The fair value hierarchy promulgated by GAAP consists of three levels:


•	Level one — Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;


•	Level two — Inputs other than level one inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable; and


•	Level three — Unobservable inputs developed using estimates and assumptions, which are developed by the reporting entity and reflect those assumptions that a market participant would use.

Determining which category an asset or liability falls within the hierarchy requires significant judgment. The Company evaluates its hierarchy disclosures each quarter. The Company had one liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis, which related to warrants that were issued in connection with the 2011 and 2013 private placements of the Company’s securities. On March 11, 2015 the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement and amended certain agreements which eliminated the provisions within the warrant agreements requiring the liability classification of the warrant. Accordingly, the warrant liability was reclassified to equity at the date of such modification which is discussed more fully in Note 7. As of March 11, 2015 these warrants had an estimated fair value of $1.6 million which was calculated by the Monte Carlo simulation valuation method using level three inputs.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable represent amounts due under agreements with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies for TOS and amounts due under agreements with patients for POS. At each reporting period, the Company evaluates open accounts receivable for collectability and records an allowance for potentially uncollectible accounts. For April 30, 2016 and 2015, the allowance for these accounts was $32,000 and $2,000, respectively. Accounts receivable is also comprised of certain unbilled accounts receivable for services completed under TOS that have not been billed as of the balance sheet date.

Restricted Cash

As of April 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company has restricted cash of $150,000 and $163,000, respectively, which is classified as a noncurrent asset on the consolidated balance sheets. This restricted cash serves primarily as collateral for corporate credit cards to provide financial assurance that the Company will fulfill its obligations. The cash is held in custody by the issuing bank, is restricted as to withdrawal or use, and is currently invested in an interest-bearing Certificate of Deposit (“CD”). Though the CD matures in the second quarter of fiscal 2017, the cash will be reinvested into another CD to continue use of the corporate cards. The Company accounts for this CD as a non-current asset supporting operations of the business.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is recorded at cost and primarily consists of laboratory equipment, furniture and fixtures, and computer hardware and software. Depreciation and amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the various assets ranging from three to seven years.

Additionally, included in “Laboratory equipment” as of April 30, 2016 and 2015 is a capital lease asset of $124,000.

Capital Lease

The short-term and long-term components of the capital lease obligation are included in accrued liabilities and other non-current liabilities, respectively at April 30, 2016 and 2015.

Capital Lease

In November 2014, the Company entered into a lease for laboratory equipment.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment losses are to be recognized when the carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable or exceeds its fair value. The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company uses estimates of future cash flows over the remaining useful life of a long- lived asset or asset group to determine the recoverability of the asset. These estimates only include the net cash flows directly associated with, and that are expected to arise as a direct result of, the use and eventual disposition of the asset or asset group.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost over the fair market value of the net assets acquired including identifiable assets. Goodwill is tested annually, or more frequently if circumstances indicate potential impairment, by comparing its fair value to its carrying amount. The determination of whether or not goodwill is impaired involves significant judgment. Although the Company believes its goodwill is not impaired, changes in strategy or market conditions could significantly impact the judgments and may require future adjustments to the carrying value of goodwill. The Company uses a two-step process to test for goodwill impairment. The first step is to screen for potential impairment, while the second step measures the amount of the impairment, if any. The first step of the goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is not impaired. If the carrying value of the reporting unit’s net assets, including goodwill, exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then the Company determines the implied fair value of goodwill. If the carrying value of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, then an impairment of goodwill has occurred and an impairment loss would be recognized for the difference between the carrying amount and the implied fair value of goodwill as a component of operating income. The implied fair value of goodwill is calculated by subtracting the fair value of tangible and intangible assets associated with the reporting unit from the fair value of the unit. The Company tests for goodwill impairment at the operating segment level.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue represents payments received in advance for products to be delivered. When products are delivered, deferred revenue is then recognized as earned.

Revenue Recognition

The Company derives revenue from its POS and TOS businesses. Personalized oncology solutions assist physicians by providing information to help guide the development of personalized treatment plans for their patients using our core offerings, including testing oncology drugs and drug combinations on personalized TumorGrafts, and through other products. Translational oncology solutions offer a preclinical TumorGraft platform to pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies using proprietary TumorGraft studies, which the Company believes may be predictive of how drugs may perform in clinical settings. The Company recognizes revenue when the following four basic criteria are met: (i) a contract has been entered into with its customers; (ii) delivery has occurred or services rendered to its customers; (iii) the fee is fixed and determinable as noted in the contract; and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured. The Company utilizes a proportional performance revenue recognition model for its TOS business, under which it recognizes revenue as performance occurs, based on the relative outputs of the performance that have occurred up to that point in time under the respective agreement, typically the delivery of reports to its customers documenting the results of testing protocols.

When a POS or TOS arrangement involves multiple elements, the items included in the arrangement (deliverables) are evaluated to determine whether they represent separate units of accounting. The Company performs this evaluation at the inception of an arrangement and as each item in the arrangement is delivered. Generally, the Company accounts for a deliverable (or a group of deliverables) separately if: (i) the delivered item(s) has standalone value to the customer, and (ii) if the Company has given the customer a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s) and the delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) or service(s) is probable and substantially in the Company’s control. All revenue from contracts determined not to have separate units of accounting is recognized based on consideration of the most substantive delivery factor of all the elements in the contract or if there is no predominant deliverable upon delivery of the final element of the arrangement.

During the third quarter of fiscal year 2014 we entered into a contract that may require the replacement of licensed tumors in the event that certain contractual terms have not been satisfied. Due to such requirements we have estimated an amount of licensed tumors that may need to be replaced, and we have deferred this revenue until all provisions of the agreement have been met.

Cost of Personalized Oncology Solutions

Cost of POS consists of costs related to POS revenue earned from implantations, drug panels, tumor boards, and gene sequencing services, as well as indirect internal costs, such as salaries for personnel directly engaged in these products. Direct costs associated with implantation revenues are primarily related to mice purchases and maintenance and shipping of tumor tissue. Direct drug panel costs are primarily incurred from mice purchases and maintenance and drug purchases. Direct tumor board costs are primarily related to physicians’ honorariums and any tumor board participation costs such as travel, lodging and meals. Direct gene sequencing costs are primarily related to costs billed from the gene sequencing service provider. All costs are expensed as incurred.

Cost of Translational Oncology Solutions

Cost of TOS consists of costs related to TOS revenue. Direct costs include mice purchases and maintenance costs for studies completed internally and charges from CROs for studies handled externally. Indirect costs include salaries for personnel directly engaged in providing TOS products. All costs of performing studies in-house are expensed as incurred. All costs of performing studies from external sources, if any, are expensed when received.

Research and Development

Research and development costs represent both costs incurred internally for research and development activities, including personnel costs and mice purchases and maintenance, as well as costs incurred externally to facilitate research activities, such as tumor tissue procurement and characterization expenses. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Sales and Marketing

Selling and marketing expenses represent costs incurred to promote the Company’s products offered, including salaries, benefits and related costs of our sales and marketing personnel, and represent costs of advertising and other selling and marketing expenses. All sales and marketing costs, including advertising costs, are expensed as incurred.

Basic and Dilutive Loss Per Common Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss for the period by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss for the period by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock plus dilutive potential common stock considered outstanding during the period. Such dilutive shares consist of incremental shares that would be issued upon exercise of the Company’s derivative warrants, which were reclassified to equity as discussed in Note 7.

Stock-based Payments

The Company typically recognizes expense for stock-based payments based on the fair value of awards on the date of grant. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate fair value. The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of short-traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. The option pricing model requires the Company to estimate certain key assumptions such as expected life, volatility, risk free interest rates and dividend yield to determine the fair value of stock-based awards. These assumptions are based on historical information and management judgment. The risk-free interest rate used is based on the United States treasury security rate with a term consistent with the expected term of the award at the time of the grant. Since the Company has limited option exercise history, it has generally elected to estimate the expected life of an award based upon the Securities and Exchange Commission-approved “simplified method” noted under the provisions of Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 with the continued use of this method extended under the provisions of Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 110. Estimated volatility is based upon the historical volatility of the Company's common stock. The Company does not anticipate paying a dividend, and therefore, no expected dividend yield was used.

The Company expenses stock-based payments over the period that the awards are expected to vest, net of estimated forfeitures. If actual forfeitures differ from management’s estimates, compensation expense is adjusted. The Company expenses modification charges in the period of modification and, if required, over the remaining period the awards are expected to vest. The Company will report cash flows resulting from tax deductions in excess of the compensation cost recognized from those options (excess tax benefits) as financing cash flows, if they should arise.

Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes have been provided to show the effect of temporary differences between the recognition of expenses for financial and income tax reporting purposes and between the tax basis of assets and liabilities, and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company assesses the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be recovered through tax planning strategies or from future taxable income, and to the extent that recovery is not likely or there is insufficient operating history, a valuation allowance is established. The Company adjusts the valuation allowance in the period management determines it is more likely than not that net deferred tax assets will or will not be realized. Changes in valuation allowances from period to period are included in the tax provision in the period of change. As of April 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company provided a valuation allowance for all net deferred tax assets, as recovery is not more likely than not based on an insufficient history of earnings.

Tax positions are positions taken in a previously filed tax return or positions expected to be taken in a future tax return that are reflected in measuring current or deferred income tax assets and liabilities reported in the consolidated financial statements. Tax positions include, but are not limited to, the following:


•	An allocation or shift of income between taxing jurisdictions;


•	The characterization of income or a decision to exclude reportable taxable income in a tax return; or


•	A decision to classify a transaction, entity or other position in a tax return as tax exempt.

The Company reflects tax benefits only if it is more likely than not that we will be able to sustain the tax position, based on its technical merits. If a tax benefit meets this criterion, it is measured and recognized based on the largest amount of benefit that is cumulatively greater than 50% likely to be realized. The Company has recorded $165,000 and $100,000 of liabilities related to uncertain tax positions relative to one of its foreign operations as of April 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. The Company had no accrual for interest or penalties on the Company’s balance sheets at April 30, 2016 and 2015, and has not recognized interest and/or penalties in the statement of operations for either period. We do not anticipate any significant unrecognized tax benefits will be recorded during the next 12 months.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, on revenue recognition. The new standard provides for a single five-step model to be applied to all revenue contracts with customers as well as requires additional financial statement disclosures that will enable users to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows relating to customer contracts. Companies have an option to use either a retrospective approach or cumulative effect adjustment approach to implement the standard. As amended by ASU No. 2015-14 issued in August 2015, this ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact of this update.

In February 2016, the FASB ASU No. 2016-02, Leases. The new standard will require most leases to be recognized on the balance sheet which will increase reported assets and liabilities. Lessor accounting remains substantially similar to current guidance. The new standard is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, which for us is the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and mandates a modified retrospective transition method. We are currently assessing the impact of this update, and believe that its adoption will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.